10 SUNDAY MAGAZINE for SEPTEMBER 11. 1904
Copyright. I\u25a0 Weil \ Son, S. .ii.v.a reservoirs to freshen the lirili>l»Torpedo Destroyer air. It also is used to £an»hee aid in ejecting some of the water ballast from positions of the outlying the ballast chamber guarding torpedo-boats quickly when itis desired would present the advan- to bring the vessel sudden- tage of covering by their larger iv to the surface. The ar- lights a much expanse of of water, without revealing to rangement ballast is such the attacking enemy the exact that the boat has surplus buoy- position of the battle ship which they ancy and normally rises to the sur- larger number of small face when the engines stop. Propulsion intend to attack. A Sea, Suuthsca vidette boats having search-lights also seem Copyright, liy »<-M A.- and use of submerging rudders force the boat desirable as outposts to guard the battle ships. A. British Submarine Boat under the surface. The torpedo may be discovered approaching a The armament of the submarine boat mam consists battle ship; but the hitter's crew now is entirely at Santiago against ("ervcra's Beet anchored within chit-fly of Whitehead torpedoes; but it also is proposed gun in to stop it, the may not be the harbor. It would have to take chances of being to place a large-caliber torpedo the bow. This powerless while vessel of making hits able to get out of its way. Especially is this the blown up by the Spanish fixed mines, but this chance will increase much the possibility at and that too with large charges. case when its approach is not discovered until compara- is such as must !«.• taken and it is much less than the the longer ranges, tively near to the ship. Discharging quick-firing guns ordinary surface torpedo-boats must take when ad- The French Government has been foremost in experi- field, has a at the torpedo would be of no avail, because of the vancing to attack. In many resjx'i ts the chances of menting in this and now considerable submergible high velocity of their projectiles and the low angle successfully getting in its blow without injury to number of submarine and boats under of which have to be used. Under itself and crew are much better than for the surface construction. Their largest submarine is one hundred elevation would has displace- the circumstances, their shot would not enter the torpedo-boat. The submarine boat, while itself in- sixty feet and seven inches long, and a water any depth, but would be deflected and ricochet visible, labors under the disadvantage of not being ment of two hundred sixty-six tons. This is con- or bound above water. It therefore is proposed to able to see for a long distance under water. sidered too large. The general trend is toward smaller have an appliance for throwing charges of guncotton, An instrument called the periscope enables a view boats, largely on account of the drafts. for to the say not more than ten pounds, either withan air-gun t.. be obtained above water, while the torpedo is diameter of the W>ats must be added the depth
A Submarine Turpedo-Boat 1)i it; ,-, \u0084-, their fatal -.»>.. 11\u25a0 .. li. hi.- probability cl blows success- disabling tr fully; Otherwise their chances of making a hit are The greatest objection to these is the turn- that it destroying them. A low velocity \u25a0 demanded to slight. takes to submerge them. The reports of French insure the shell's entering the water directly. experiments give from five to fifteen minutes as the tiiiu required for fully submerging the boats. Mack Submarine boats are a factor which have not as may happen to the boat under the showers ol quick- From the first practical appearance of the \Vhitehea.l yet played a part in war. but they already have been firing gun projectiles at short ranges. torpedo, about iSM, enthusiasts have predicted the brought to a degree <>f perfection which is sure to Another class have a low-lying surface hull, carry- annihilation ami uselessness of the costly battle ship render them dangerous opponents. ing the operating body of the boat several feet be- and large cruisers. This .is based solely on the Theirlow speed when submerged (eight to ten knots) low water. This form is comparatively invisible, and theoretical efficiency of the torpedo. The presump- limits the conditions under which they can be used jH-rmits higher speed than is attained by submarine tions were based on the torpedo, as well as the successfully. This, to some extent, requires their boats. The design is somewhat similar to the heavy vessels from which they were to be used, being playing a waiting game, unless the enemy is at anchor. Patrick and Suns-Edison dirigible torpedoes on a absolutely perfect It may be claimed that their best role would oe the much enlarged scale. The requirements as to personnel were formulated defensive in protecting a harbor. Both submarine and submersible boats use steam by a French student, whose views were presented m Hut there are conditions in which they may be or petroleum while at the surface, and "L'Anne Maritime," in 18S; "Acondition essential used advantageously in the attack. For example, a electric engines run by storage batteries when to the success of these weapons is that they should be submarine boat might have been used advantageously under water, Compressed air is carried in suitable ' \ContiitutJ on paye Jh-