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Kristin Henriksen, Lars Østby Og Dag Ellingsen (Eds.)

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Kristin Henriksen, Lars Østby Og Dag Ellingsen (Eds.) 122 Statistiske analyser Statistical Analyses Kristin Henriksen, Lars Østby og Dag Ellingsen (eds.) Immigration and immigrants 2010 Statistisk sentralbyrå • Statistics Norway Oslo–Kongsvinger Statistical Analyses In this series, Statistics Norway publishes analyses of social, demographic and economic statistics, aimed at a wider circle of readers. These publications can be read without any special knowledge of statistics and statistical methods. Standard symbols in the tables Symbol © Statistics Norway, May 2011 Category not applicable . When using material from this publication, Data not available .. Statistics Norway shall be quoted as the source. Data not yet available ... Not for publication : ISBN 978-82-537-8093-1 Printed version ISBN 978-82-537-8094-8 Electronic version Nil - ISSN 0804-3221 Less than 0.5 of the unit employed 0 Less than 0.05 of the unit employed 0.0 Topics Provisional or preliminary figure * 02 Break in the homogeneity of a vertical series — Design: Siri Boquist Break in the homogeneity of a horizontal series | Printed: Statistics Norway Revised since the previous issue r Preface The purpose of this publication is to present updated figures on immigration, immigrants and Norwegian-born persons to immigrant parents in Norway. Time series illustrating the development within some aspects of living conditions are presented and updated with the most recent figures where possible. The publication is updated every two years. The previous publication was SA 103 (Daugstad 2008). The publication is also published on Statistics Norway’s website: http://www.ssb.no/innvandring. Data are mainly gathered from administrative registers at Statistics Norway, but also from sample surveys. This is explained in each chapter. Different divisions in Statistics Norway produce the statistics. Kristin Henriksen, coordinator for migration related statistics, was the editor of this publi- cation on immigration and immigrants until she went on maternity leave. Lars Østby has been the co-editor throughout, while Dag Ellingsen was in charge in the last months of 2010. Kristina Kvarv Andreassen and Minja Tea Dzamarija wrote the chapter on immi- grants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, and Geir Nygård wrote the chapter on education. The chapter on immigrants and the labour market was written by Bjørn Olsen, and Anette Enes and Maja Kalcic penned the chapter on income. Svein Blom wrote two chapters on attitudes towards immigrants. Kåre Vassenden has written the chapter on data sources. Some figures have been collected from previously published statistics on im- migration and immigrants, and from text that has previously been published on www.ssb. no. The rest of the publication has been written and/or edited by the editors. Emphasis has been placed on presenting key figures, and on making the content easily accessible, with clearly set out tables and figures. The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion has sponsored the publication. Statistics Norway Oslo/Kongsvinger, 19 May 2011 Olav Ljones 3 Immigration and immigrants 2010 Summary Summary This publication deals with the scope of immigration to Norway, and the living conditions of immi- grants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents. By comparing the living conditions of immigrants and non-immigrants, and examining long-term trends for immigrants, a picture can also be formed of integration, and how this develops. The publication is largely based on corresponding publications in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008. When creating such a collection of publications on immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, it is important to remember that this group is the most hetero- geneous group in social statistics. At the start of 2010, the immigrant population in Norway was made up of immigrants from no less than 215 countries and autonomous regions. Living conditions vary with age, gender, level of education and social background. The living conditions of immigrants are additionally affected by factors such as country of origin, their reason for immigrating to Norway, age at immigration and length of stay in Norway. The analysis first describes the population structure by country background, gender, age etc. Popula- tion changes through immigration, emigration and population growth are then described. Finally, the reasons for immigration are explained. One important feature is the recent increase in labour immigra- tion, only slightly affected by the financial crisis. How long the large influx from Central and Eastern Europe and Sweden will continue is not known, and the question of what will eventually happen with regard to family immigration or return migration remains unanswered. We examine immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents’ path through the education system. We consider the scope of language-stimulating initiatives that are implemented at kindergar- ten, language teaching in primary and lower secondary schools, and immigrants’ participation and completion rate at upper secondary schools and in higher education. Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents generally have poorer results in their compulsory schooling than other pupils. However, it should be noted that increasing numbers of Norwegian-born to immigrant parents are going on to higher education, and that, on average, this group now has a much higher rate of partici- pation than other adolescents in Norway. The labour market and education are considered to be the most important arenas for the integration of immigrants. The analysis describes differences in employment levels among men and women by country background and length of stay in Norway. We also examine the employment among Norwe- gian-born to immigrant parents. A major increase in employment is found among immigrants up until 2008, after which a certain decline is observed. However, the gap with the rest of the population is less than pre-2005. The increase in unemployment due to the financial crisis was particularly applicable to immigrants from the new EEA member countries (such as Poland), and was perhaps just as much a reflection of the employment problems in the building and construction industry as of immigrants’ problems in the labour market. We also look at incomes and the low-income group share in different immigrant groups, and particu- larly long-term low incomes. Many immigrant children grow up in families with a low income, and this situation often persists for a long period of time. Norwegian attitudes to immigration and immigrants in the period 2001-2009 are relatively stable, but are partly influenced by fluctuations in the economy. The analysis includes comparative data on European attitudes to immigrants. Norwegians are one of the most liberal groups in Europe, but the Swedes are far more liberal than us in relation to almost all areas of immigration. The analysis concludes with an overview of the data used for immigrant-related statistics, and presents a comprehensive overview of other immigrant-related statistics and analyses published by Statistics Norway. 5 Immigration and immigrants 2010 Contents Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................5 1. Statistics of importance ............................................................................................................9 2. Population ...............................................................................................................................15 3. Education .................................................................................................................................47 4. Labour ......................................................................................................................................77 5. Income ...................................................................................................................................103 6. Attitudes towards immigrants and immigration ...............................................................133 7. Comparison of attitudes in Norway and other European countries .................................151 8. The data basis for Statistics Norway’s migration-related statistics ..................................163 Overview of immigrant-related statistics ...............................................................................169 List of figures ...........................................................................................................................175 List of tables ..............................................................................................................................178 7 Immigration and immigrants 2010 Statistics of importance Dag Ellingsen 1. Statistics of importance Statistics on immigrants and Norwegian-born persons with immigrant parents are important for a number of reasons. A solid knowledge base is important for politicians when making decisions regarding the scale of immigration and immigrants’ situation in Norway. Lack of knowledge can give rise to unfounded opinions and false presumptions in public debates on immigration issues. Greater knowledge about the immigrants’ background and living condi- tions can bring about a greater understanding between immigrants and other Norwegians. The increase in immigration in recent years; a development mostly fuelled by immigrants co- ming to Norway to work, reminds us that this is a field where living conditions are changing rapidly, and thus a
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