Core 1..44 Committee (PRISM::Advent3b2 10.50)
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House of Commons CANADA Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development AANO Ï NUMBER 034 Ï 2nd SESSION Ï 39th PARLIAMENT EVIDENCE Monday, June 16, 2008 Chair Mr. Barry Devolin Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1 Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Monday, June 16, 2008 Ï (1535) Before presenting the data trends, I would like to talk first about [English] concepts. Statistics Canada has four concepts for identifying aboriginal people that relate to specific questions on the census The Vice-Chair (Ms. Nancy Karetak-Lindell (Nunavut, Lib.)): questionnaire. The first concept is aboriginal ancestry, which comes I call to order meeting number 34 of the Standing Committee on from the ethnic origin question that asks, “What were the ethnic or Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development. cultural origins of this person's ancestors?” Secondly, aboriginal We had decided that we would have Statistics Canada and Indian identity is a question that asks, “Is this person an aboriginal person, Affairs come before us today. We're going to start with Statistics that is, North American Indian, Métis, or Inuit?” Third is whether a Canada and then go on to the Department of Indian Affairs. person is a treaty or registered Indian as defined by the Indian Act of Canada. And the final question is whether a person is a member of First of all, I hear that congratulations are in order for one of our an Indian band or first nation. colleagues on this committee. Mr. Chris Warkentin and his wife have just had a baby girl, so that's why he's not in today. We're very happy for him. Users of census data can use different concepts or a combination of these concepts, depending on their information or program needs. I know that some members are waiting to speak on Tsawwassen For this presentation I will focus primarily on aboriginal identity. and Bill C-34, so that's why some of them aren't here. I think some This includes people who said they were an aboriginal person and/or members will be coming and going, so no offence, but we have some a registered Indian and/or a member of an Indian band or first nation. rotating members who are on the speaking list. I think we'll start with Ms. Badets. Go ahead. The aboriginal identity concept meets the data needs of a vast number of data users across Canada, based on extensive consulta- Ms. Jane Badets (Director, Social and Aboriginal Statistics tions we do with governments, aboriginal organizations, and other Division, Statistics Canada): I'd like to thank the committee and the data users for each census. It is based on self-identification, has been chair for inviting Statistics Canada here today to present results from asked consistently since the 1996 census, and covers the three the 2006 census on aboriginal people, that is, first nations, Métis, and aboriginal groups mentioned in the Canadian Constitution. Inuit. I'm here with my colleague Cathy Connors, who is the assistant The census is the most comprehensive source of demographic and director of the aboriginal statistics program at Statistics Canada. We socio-economic information on aboriginal peoples in Canada. It will be pleased to answer your questions at the end of this provides information on the specific aboriginal groups or for presentation. communities across Canada and allows for comparisons with the I'm just following the overheads. I'm on number two. The non-aboriginal population. presentation today will cover the following topics: the growth and diversity of the aboriginal population, based on 2006 results—where The data from the census are subjected to many processes and they live, their age structure. The census is a rich source of verification to meet Statistics Canada's high standards in regard to information on aboriginal languages and languages in general, so I'll data quality. Despite all efforts, some people are missed by the present some information on that topic. As well, I will cover housing census. For example, in 2001 it was estimated the census missed conditions, some information on education and labour force about 3% of the total population. characteristics of the aboriginal population, and conclude with what further data Statistics Canada will be making available this coming year. In terms of coverage of Indian reserves and settlements in 2006, there were 22 of what we call “incompletely enumerated reserves” There is certainly far too much information available from the for which no census data are available. This is down from 30 in 2001 census on these topics to present to you in the short time I have and 77 in 1996. available. So the objective for this afternoon is that I present mean trends to illustrate some key findings. Much of this information is now available for researchers and users of the data to explore these So while we've seen improvement in the coverage in this aspect, topics in greater depth. there are data quality issues for some individual reserves. 2 AANO-34 June 16, 2008 Data for communities such as first nations cannot be released for As of 2001, the vast majority of aboriginal people live in Ontario two main reasons. One reason is that the population of the and the west. Although the largest number live in Ontario, they made community or reserve is too small to release for confidentiality up a small share of the provincial population at 2%. On the other reasons. The second reason is that the data for that community do not hand, aboriginal people made up 85% of Nunavut's population, meet quality standards, which are applied to all community-level mostly Inuit; one-half in NWT; 25% in the Yukon; and 15% each in data from the census. Manitoba and Saskatchewan. We are currently working with our colleagues at Indian and Northern Affairs and other partners to better understand the data quality that we do have for individual reserves. Half of all aboriginal people lived in urban areas in 2006. Winnipeg was home to the largest aboriginal population, which, at I should also note that in this presentation I'm going to show you just over 68,000 people, accounted for one in ten Winnipeggers. data. I'm going to show you changes in percentages and proportions Edmonton had the next largest aboriginal population. Aboriginal between censuses, which have been accounted to adjust for these people made up a larger share of the population of several smaller incompletely enumerated reserves where we have no data. That is to urban centres, especially in the west, in such places as Prince Albert, say, we only include those reserves, for example, that participated in Saskatchewan; Thompson, Manitoba; and Prince Rupert, B.C. One- both the 2001 and the 2006 censuses when I make those third of the population in each of these centres was aboriginal. comparisons between these two time periods. Ï (1540) Like the total aboriginal population, most first nations people live In 2006, 1.2 million people reported having an aboriginal identity in Ontario and the west. However, they made up 3% or less of the —that is the short pink line on the graph—compared with 1.7 populations of Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, respectively. million who reported aboriginal ancestry. That's the long blue line. First nations people accounted for three out of ten people in NWT, There has been a steady increase of people reporting either two out of ten in Yukon, and one out of ten in each of Manitoba and aboriginal ancestry or aboriginal identity over time in the census. Saskatchewan. These increases in recent years can be attributed to demographic factors, one example being higher birth rates, and to non- demographic factors, for example, increased numbers deciding to identify as aboriginal. It could also be the result of changes in the The proportion of the population living on-reserve in 2006 varied way we ask questions. by census concept from 43% for the total population who identified as North American Indian, what we're referring to as first nations, to We recognize that the aboriginal population is diverse and that 54% who reported first nations or North American single ancestry. their conditions vary by region and by group. We will provide, where Depending on the program or information need, users may wish to possible, group-specific information. use these different concepts, or a combination of these concepts, to look at the on-reserve population. There were close to 700,000 first nations people in Canada in 2006, accounting for 60% of the aboriginal population. I should note at this point that I'm going to be using the terms If you were looking at how the proportions changed over time, “first nations” and “North American Indian” interchangeably. you would need to take into account the incompletely enumerated reserves for each census. If you did this and compared the 1996 and The largest group was first nations or North American Indians 2006 censuses, then the proportion of first nations identity reporting as registered or treaty Indians—about 565,000. First population living on-reserve in 2006 would be 40%. nations or North American Indians who did not report as registered or treaty Indians numbered around 133,000. The second largest group was the Métis, at around 390,000, and they accounted for Like the first nations population, most of the people who about a third of the total aboriginal population in 2006. The Inuit identified as Métis live in the west and in Ontario.