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Aug. 30, 1949. L. L. WEISGLASS 2,480,101 ILLUMINATING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGERS Filed Aug. 9, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet fig: f A. ovis A. Weisg/ass INVENTOR. " Kuz.5 he/4a. A77OAMay Aug. 30, 1949. L. L. WEISG ASS 2,480,101 ILLUMINATING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGERs Filed Aug. 9, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 fig 2 Louis L. Weisglass INVENTOR " halft & WeeAla a 77OANEy. Aug. 30, 1949. L. L. WEISGLASS 2,480,101 ILLUMINATING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGERS Filed Aug. 9, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 fg: 3 3 5 : R Y 37 V 18 N.a242 4\ 4. \ / , \ / \ / Louis A. Weisgass \ INVENTOR, y 2S, BY k - A. fe Ziff/1NSSS Sages "Rallies (44a. 2/-SSS A 77 oANAY. Aug. 30, 1949. L. L. WEISGLASS 2,480,101 ILLUMINATING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGERS Filed Aug. 9, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 f73: 4 Louis L. Weisg/ass INVENTOR, "fluiz; Wa. A 770ANAEY. Aug. 30, 1949. L. L. WEISGLASS 2,480,101 ILLUMINATING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGERS Filed Aug. 9, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Louis Weisg/ass INVENTOR. " Kuti, S.W.e4a. Artorney Patented Aug. 30, 1949 2480,101 UNITED STATES PATENT of FICE 2,480,101 LLUMINATING SYSTEM FOR, PBOO GRAPHC ENLARGERS Louis L. Weisglass, New York, N. Y., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Simmon Brothers, Inc., Long Island City, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application August 9, 1945, Serial No. 609,873 1. Claim. (C. 88-24) This invention pertains to an improved illu together with a specular reflector of at least minating system for photographic enlargers. It partly ellipsoidal shape. is based on the following considerations: A well designed spotlight of this type will con The design of the most successful type of photo centrate approximately 70% of the light emitted graphic enlarger is based on two premises: by the lamp on a selected spot of the diffuse re 1. It is necessary to use diffused light. This flector. A diffuse reflector built from a well is due to the peculiar light scattering property chosen white opaque material will reflect as much of the photographic emulsion, commonly known as 90% or more of this light. The efficiency of as the "Callier effect'; the apparent contrast of the system will then be .70X.90=.63 or 63%. a photographic image depends upon the type of O This is almost four times as high as the 16.6% light to which it is exposed, specular or entirely computed for the conventional System using an undiffused light forming images of extreme and opal lamp. These figures have been verified by unusable contrast, but diffused light producing actual experiments with a very good degree of SOfter prints. approximation. 2. It is desirable to use condensers unless one 15 This computation shows that the perform wants to be limited to an extremely low level of ance of my system is due to the utilization of the light intensity. superior light reflecting properties of certain These two conditions were satisfied in the past white opaque substances. It is a scientific fact by the customary arrangement of a diffused that these substances reflect light better than source of light represented by an incandescent 20 specular reflectors, i.e., mirrors. lamp with an opal vessel positioned substantially In addition to this superior efficiency, there is in the focal point of a condenser. This arrange now no longer any limitation upon the wattage ment has the following disadvantages: that can be utilized in an enlarger of this type. a. Half of the light of the lamp is emitted rear I have successfully built an enlarger with a dif wardly and lost and cannot be recovered by the fuse white reflector according to the principles of use of reflectors since the lamp is so large that this invention which was illuminated by two spot the reflected light would have to pass the lamp lights of 200 watt each, Compared to a conven again. The opal vessel then absorbs 23 of the tional enlarger with an input of 75 watt, this en remaining light. As a result, approximately only larger had a light output approximately 16 to 20 30 times as large in spite of the fact that the Watt As of A=% or 16.6% of the light can be utilized. age was only slightly more than five times as b. It is impossible to obtain higher levels of high. intensity by increasing the Wattage of the lamp. The broad principle of an illuminating system A condenser system is So adjusted that an image of this type has been disclosed in my co-pending of the lamp is projected into the pupil of the 35 application, Serial No. 577,216, now abandoned. enlarging lens. It is desirable that this image The object of this present invention is to pro be as large or even slightly larger than the pupil vide improved means for a more nearly uniform of the lens, but it should not be appreciably illumination of the aforementioned diffusely re larger, since light which falls outside of the mar flecting surface which is disposed substantially gins of the lens is obviously lost. This means 40 in the focal point of a condenser. A further ob that the size of the lamp should not exceed cer ject of this invention is improved means to COn tain limits, and this, in turn, imposes a very def trol the intensity of the illumination. A fur nite limitation upon the wattage which can be ther object of this invention is to provide an im used in such a system. Broadly speaking, it can proved material for said reflecting body which is not be much larger than 150 watt. 45 superior to the body of magnesium carbonate These two limitations are overcome in my in which has been described in my prior applica vention. Instead of the aforementioned lamp tion, Serial No. 577,216. with an opal glass vessel, I use a diffuse reflector The first object, i. e., a more nearly uniforn made from white opaque material substantially in illumination of the diffuse reflector, I obtain by a the focal point of the condenser. This reflector 50 combination of three means, namely, first by is, in turn, illuminated by a suitable spotlight, or providing a spotlight with a specular reflector of by several spotlights. These spotlights may be peculiar shape composed partly of a paraboloid constructed in many ways, but I prefer a suitable and partly of an ellipsoid body of rotation, sec Source of light such as an incandescent lamp, of ond, by using a plurality of these spotlights, and the type used in lantern slide or movie projectors, 55 third, by having the axis of these spotlights 2,480,101 3 4. slightly offset in different directions with respect Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view along the to the optical axis of the enlarger. plane of line 8-6 in Fig. 5. The second object, i.e., control of the intensity Like characters of reference denote similar of the illumination, is obtained by arranging the parts throughout the several views and the foll diffuse reflector in a plane perpendicular to the lowing specification. optical axis of the condenser and the enlarger The enlarger consists of three principal parts, lens and by providing means to shift this diffuse a base, an upright column and a projector as reflector in the direction of said optical axis. sembly. This, in effect, defocuses the reflector, both with The base 0 is preferably made from plywood respect to the spotlight and with respect to the 0. or the like. On this base is fastened a bracket condenser. A very efficient control of the illumi l, preferably made from cast iron or aluminum nation is provided thereby, and it is possible to which Supports two U-channels 2. These control the illumination from its highest inten channels are arranged either vertically or, pref sity, 100%, to a value as low as 4% thereof. erably, under a slight angle as shown. Slidably This light intensity control is so simple that 5 mounted on this vertical or nearly vertical co it lends itself very easily to an automatic arrange unn is the projector assembly. This projector ment, whereby the position of the diffusely re assembly consists of a supporting carriage, a fo flecting plate and thereby the light intensity, cusing assembly with an enlarging lens, and a may be controlled by a cam in dependence of lamphousing. the distance between the projector assembly and 20 The carriage consists of two steel plates 3 the easel which supports the bromide paper. The which are bolted together by four bolts 4. These cam used for this purpose may have any desired bolts serve at the same time as shafts for rollers configuration and the light output may follow 5 by means of which the carriage slides with almost any law, but the most useful arrangement a Small amount of friction on the aforemen is the one in which the intensity of the light in 25 tioned channels 2. pinging upon a unit area of the bromide paper The steel plates 3 have a configuration clear supported on the easel is kept constant and in ly shown in Fig. 2. Each steel plate has a lug dependent of the aforementioned distance be 6 adapted to Support the lamphousing. A pro tween projector and easel. In this manner, the jection 7 is provided which supports a film stage exposure time for any given negative becomes in 30 8 which, of course, has an aperture of the de dependent of the magnification ratio.
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