DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Copenhagen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Copenhagen A striking, critically endangered, new species of hillstar (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador Sornoza-molina, Francisco; Freile, Juan F.; Nilsson, Jonas; Krabbe, Niels; Bonaccorso, Elisa Published in: The Auk: Ornithological Advances DOI: 10.1642/AUK-18-58.1 Publication date: 2018 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC Citation for published version (APA): Sornoza-molina, F., Freile, J. F., Nilsson, J., Krabbe, N., & Bonaccorso, E. (2018). A striking, critically endangered, new species of hillstar (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador. The Auk: Ornithological Advances, 135(4), 1146-1171. https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-18-58.1 Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 A striking, critically endangered, new species of hillstar (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador Author(s): Francisco Sornoza-Molina, Juan F. Freile, Jonas Nilsson, Niels Krabbe, and Elisa Bonaccorso Source: The Auk, 135(4):1146-1171. Published By: American Ornithological Society https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-18-58.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1642/AUK-18-58.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Volume 135, 2018, pp. 1146–1171 DOI: 10.1642/AUK-18-58.1 RESEARCH ARTICLE A striking, critically endangered, new species of hillstar (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador Francisco Sornoza-Molina,1 Juan F. Freile,2,3* Jonas Nilsson,2,4 Niels Krabbe,5 and Elisa Bonaccorso6,7* 1 Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador 2 Comite´ Ecuatoriano de Registros Ornitologicos´ (CERO), Tumbaco, Ecuador 3 Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbaya´, Ecuador 4 Wildsumaco Lodge, Cumbaya´, Ecuador 5 Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 6 Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto BIOSFERA, Laboratorio de Biolog´ıa Evolutiva, and Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas´ y Ambientales, Cumbaya´, Ecuador 7 Centro de Investigacion´ de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Clima´tico, Universidad Tecnologica´ Indoamerica,´ Quito, Ecuador * Corresponding authors: Juan F. Freile, [email protected]; Elisa Bonaccorso, [email protected] Submitted April 10, 2018; Accepted July 22, 2018; Published September 26, 2018 ABSTRACT We describe a new species of the genus Oreotrochilus from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador. The new species is most similar in adult male plumage to O. stolzmanni and O. chimborazo. However, male and female show unique combinations of plumage characters that are likely to act as social signals. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA indicate that this new taxon is closely related to O. stolzmanni and O. melanogaster, whereas genetic distances and preliminary comparisons of vocalizations suggest a sister relationship with O. stolzmanni. The geographic distribution of the new species seems to be restricted to cordillera Chilla-Tioloma-Fierro Urcu, in the southwestern highlands of Ecuador, an area historically poorly explored by ornithologists. Thus, based on its restricted distribution, apparently low population size, and lack of protection of its habitat, we evaluate it as critically endangered. Keywords: Andes, Oreotrochilus, southwest Ecuador, sp. nov., Trochilidae Una sorprendente y cr´ıticamente amenazada especie nueva de estrella (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) de los Andes suroccidentales de Ecuador RESUMEN Describimos una nueva especie del genero´ Oreotrochilus de los Andes suroccidentales de Ecuador. Esta nueva especie se asemeja en plumaje de macho adulto a O. stolzmanni y O. chimborazo. Sin embargo, macho y hembra muestran una combinacion´ unica´ de caracter´ısticas de plumaje que probablemente actuan´ como senales˜ sociales. Los ana´lisis filogeneticos´ basados en ADN mitocondrial muestran que la nueva especie esta´ ma´s emparentada con O. stolzmanni y O. melanogaster, mientras que las distancias geneticas´ y un ana´lisis preliminar de vocalizaciones sugieren que es especie hermana de O. stolzmanni. La distribucion´ geogra´fica de esta nueva especie esta´ al parecer confinada a las cordilleras de Chilla-Tioloma-Fierro Urcu, en los Andes del suroeste de Ecuador, en un a´rea historicamente´ poco explorada desde el punto de vista ornitologico.´ En base a su distribucion´ muy restringida, aparente bajo tamano˜ poblacional y la falta de proteccion´ en sus ha´bitats, la calificamos como cr´ıticamente amenazada. Palabras clave: Oreotrochilus, sp. nov., Trochilidae, Andes, suroccidente de Ecuador INTRODUCTION hummingbirds because of their preference for high-elevation habitats along the Andes, among the highest in the Hummingbirds represent one of the most spectacular avian Trochilidae, which is accompanied by behavioral (Pearson radiations of the New World. With more than 340 species 1953, Carpenter 1976) and physiological (French and Hodges (Clements et al. 2017), they occur from sea level up to 5,000 1959, Carpenter 1974) adaptations to low temperatures. m a.s.l. in a range of habitats as different as tropical rain, Their geographic range spans from extreme southern deciduous, and cloud forests, Andean shrub, puna, paramo, Colombia to southern Chile and Argentina, occupying mangrove, and desert oasis (Schuchmann and Bonan 2017). paramo environments near the equator, and puna and arid Hillstars of the genus Oreotrochilus are peculiar among plateaus southwards (Schuchmann and Bonan 2017). Q 2018 American Ornithological Society. ISSN 0004-8038, electronic ISSN 1938-4254 Direct all requests to reproduce journal content to the AOS Publications Office at [email protected] F. Sornoza-Molina, J. F. Freile, J. Nilsson, et al. New Oreotrochilus from southwest Ecuador 1147 According to Remsen et al. (2018), the genus Oreo- May 7, 2017, by F.S.M. confirmed that this Oreotrochilus trochilus includes 5 species: O. chimborazo (extreme was not assignable to any known taxon in the genus. southern Colombia to south central Ecuador); O. estella Later, on May 22–26, 2017, F.S.M., J.F.F., and J.N. visited (extreme southern Ecuador to northern and central Peru, the same locality with the aim to collect specimens of this and southern Peru to northern Chile, Bolivia, and northern unique population. Capturing effort consisted of 9 mist Argentina); O. melanogaster (south central Peru); O. adela nets (6 3 3mand93 3 m; 2 mm mesh) opened during 3 (Bolivia to extreme northern Argentina); and O. leuco- full days, 0630 hours through 1730 hours. A second pleurus (extreme southern Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile) expedition to the area was undertaken on July 10–13, (Schuchmann and Bonan 2017). The monophyly of the 2017, by F.S.M. and J.N. Field observations were made in genus is well established but the status and validity of some the northern part of Cordillera de Chilla (July 10), as well taxa have been debated. Fjeldsa˚ and Boesman (2017) as west of Guanaza´n, in Cordillera de Tioloma (July 11). consider the northern populations of O. estella (O. estella On July 13, F.S.M. and J.N. visited a Chuquiraga jussieui stolzmanni) from Ecuador, northern and central Peru as a stand 3.9 km E of Refugio de Cerro de Arcos, setting up 5 separate species, based on plumage differences. This mist nets (12 3 3m,2mmmesh)thatwereopenedfrom proposal has been considered as potentially valid by 1000 hours through 1600 hours. Additionally, on June 5– Clements et al. (2017) and Remsen et al. (2018), based 9, 2017, J.N. visited the east-central region of the on molecular evidence showing that O. estella stolzmanni Cordillera de Tioloma, making field observations only, is more closely related to O. melanogaster than to O. and F.S.M. visited 5 localities along the paramos of estella estella (McGuire et al. 2014). Further, O. chimbor- Lagunillas-Piura-Podocarpus (along the continental di- azo and O. leucopleurus have been regarded as subspecies vide of the Andes) and one at the Cuenca-Ona˜ road of O. estella (Zimmer 1951), whereas O. estella bolivianus (between the Giron´ and Leon´ rivers) in search of the new has also been ranked as full species (Peters 1945). Here, we taxon. Finally, on April 7–9, 2018, F.S.M. and N.K. adopt the classification of Remsen et al. (2018), but obtained sound recordings and photographs of the new recognize O. stolzmanni as a valid species (as per Fjeldsa˚ taxon in and near Cerro de Arcos (including the second and Boesman 2017). collecting locality), and of O. stolzmanni above Jimbura, Recent fieldwork in the highlands at the border of El in Zamora-Chinchipe province. Here, we also present Oro and Loja provinces, southwest Ecuador, revealed the observations from 2 localities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gene Duplication and the Evolution of Hemoglobin Isoform Differentiation in Birds
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Jay F. Storz Publications Papers in the Biological Sciences 11-2012 Gene Duplication and the Evolution of Hemoglobin Isoform Differentiation in Birds Michael T. Grispo University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Chandrasekhar Natarajan University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Joana Projecto-Garcia University of Nebraska–Lincoln Hideaki Moriyama University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Roy E. Weber Aarhus University, Denmark See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscistorz Grispo, Michael T.; Natarajan, Chandrasekhar; Projecto-Garcia, Joana; Moriyama, Hideaki; Weber, Roy E.; and Storz, Jay F., "Gene Duplication and the Evolution of Hemoglobin Isoform Differentiation in Birds" (2012). Jay F. Storz Publications. 61. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscistorz/61 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jay F. Storz Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Michael T. Grispo, Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Joana Projecto-Garcia, Hideaki Moriyama, Roy E. Weber, and Jay F. Storz This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ bioscistorz/61 Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry 287:45 (November 2, 2012), pp. 37647-37658; doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.375600 Copyright © 2012 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Lições Das Interações Planta – Beija-Flor
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA JÉFERSON BUGONI REDES PLANTA-POLINIZADOR NOS TRÓPICOS: LIÇÕES DAS INTERAÇÕES PLANTA – BEIJA-FLOR PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS IN THE TROPICS: LESSONS FROM HUMMINGBIRD-PLANT INTERACTIONS CAMPINAS 2017 JÉFERSON BUGONI REDES PLANTA-POLINIZADOR NOS TRÓPICOS: LIÇÕES DAS INTERAÇÕES PLANTA – BEIJA-FLOR PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS IN THE TROPICS: LESSONS FROM HUMMINGBIRD-PLANT INTERACTIONS Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ecologia. Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Ecology. ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO JÉFERSON BUGONI E ORIENTADA PELA DRA. MARLIES SAZIMA. Orientadora: MARLIES SAZIMA Co-Orientador: BO DALSGAARD CAMPINAS 2017 Campinas, 17 de fevereiro de 2017. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Marlies Sazima Prof. Dr. Felipe Wanderley Amorim Prof. Dr. Thomas Michael Lewinsohn Profa. Dra. Marina Wolowski Torres Prof. Dr. Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de Brito Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. DEDICATÓRIA À minha família por me ensinar o amor à natureza e a natureza do amor. Ao povo brasileiro por financiar meus estudos desde sempre, fomentando assim meus sonhos. EPÍGRAFE “Understanding patterns in terms of the processes that produce them is the essence of science […]” Levin, S.A. (1992). The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943–1967. AGRADECIMENTOS Manifestar a gratidão às tantas pessoas que fizeram parte direta ou indiretamente do processo que culmina nesta tese não é tarefa trivial.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Andean People of Canta, Lima, Peru
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266388116 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru Article in Journal of Ethnopharmacology · June 2007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.018 CITATIONS READS 38 30 3 authors, including: Percy Amilcar Pollito University of São Paulo 56 PUBLICATIONS 136 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Percy Amilcar Pollito on 14 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111 (2007) 284–294 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru Horacio De-la-Cruz a,∗, Graciela Vilcapoma b, Percy A. Zevallos c a Facultad de Ciencias Biol´ogicas, Universidad Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque, Peru b Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru c Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Received 14 June 2006; received in revised form 15 November 2006; accepted 19 November 2006 Available online 2 December 2006 Abstract A survey aiming to document medicinal plant uses was performed in Canta Province Lima Department, in the Peruvians Andes of Peru. Hundred and fifty people were interviewed. Enquiries and informal personal conversations were used to obtain information. Informants were men and women over 30 years old, who work in subsistence agriculture and cattle farming, as well as herbalist.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Pollen Records Indicate That Patagonian Desertification Was Not Solely a Consequence of Andean Uplift
    ARTICLE Received 25 Oct 2013 | Accepted 4 Mar 2014 | Published 28 Mar 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4558 Fossil pollen records indicate that Patagonian desertification was not solely a consequence of Andean uplift L. Palazzesi1,2, V.D. Barreda1, J.I. Cuitin˜o3, M.V. Guler4, M.C. Tellerı´a5 & R. Ventura Santos6 The Patagonian steppe—a massive rain-shadow on the lee side of the southern Andes—is assumed to have evolved B15–12 Myr as a consequence of the southern Andean uplift. However, fossil evidence supporting this assumption is limited. Here we quantitatively estimate climatic conditions and plant richness for the interval B10–6 Myr based on the study and bioclimatic analysis of terrestrially derived spore–pollen assemblages preserved in well-constrained Patagonian marine deposits. Our analyses indicate a mesothermal climate, with mean temperatures of the coldest quarter between 11.4 °C and 16.9 °C (presently B3.5 °C) and annual precipitation rarely below 661 mm (presently B200 mm). Rarefied richness reveals a significantly more diverse flora during the late Miocene than today at the same latitude but comparable with that approximately 2,000 km further northeast at mid-latitudes on the Brazilian coast. We infer that the Patagonian desertification was not solely a consequence of the Andean uplift as previously insinuated. 1 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Angel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK. 3 Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Geolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Intendente Gu¨iraldes 2160 (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Creación De Un Manual Interpretativo Para El Buen
    CARRERA ADMINISTRACIÓN TURÍSTICA Y HOTELERA CREACIÓN DE UN MANUAL INTERPRETATIVO SOBRE EL BUEN AVISTAMIENTO DE AVES EN LA RESERVA YANACOCHA UBICADA EN LA PARROQUIA DE NONO CANTÓN QUITO PROVINCIA PICHINCHA CON EL PROPÓSITO DE DAR A CONOCER EL AVITURISMO Proyecto de investigación previo a la obtención de título de tecnólogo en Administración Turística y Hotelera Autora: Amanda Estefania Tituaña Espinosa Tutor: Ing. Ximena Almeida Quito, Diciembre 2018 i Declaratoria Declaro que la investigación es absolutamente original, autentica, personal, que se han citado las fuentes correspondientes y en su ejecución se respetaron las disposiciones legales que protegen los derechos de autor vigentes. Las ideas, doctrinas resultados y conclusiones a los que he llegado son de mi absoluta responsabilidad. Amanda Estefania Tituaña Espinosa CC 1750804161 CREACIÓN DE UN MANUAL INTERPRETATIVO SOBRE EL BUEN AVISTAMIENTO DE AVES EN LA RESERVA YANACOCHA UBICADA EN LA PARROQUIA DE NONO CANTON QUITO PROVINCIA PICHINCHA CON EL PROPOSITO DE DAR A CONOCER EL AVITURISMO ii Licencia De Uso No Comercial Yo, Amanda Estefania Tituaña Espinosa portadora de la cedula de ciudadanía asignada Con el No. 175080416-1 de conformidad con lo establecido en el Artículo 110 del Código de Economía Social de los Conocimientos, la Creación y la Innovación (INGENIOS) que dice: “En el caso de las obras creadas en centros educativos,universidades,escuelas politécnicas, institutos superiores tecnicos,tecnólogos, pedagógicos, de arte y los conservatorios superiores , e institutos públicos de investigación como resultado de su actividad académica o de investigación tales como trabajos de titulación, proyectos de investigación o innovación, articulo académico , u otros análogos , sin perjuicio de que pueda existir relación de dependencia , la titularidad de los derechos patrimoniales corresponderá a los autores .
    [Show full text]
  • Departamento De Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas Y Del Comercio
    i CARÁTULA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS, ADMINISTRATIVAS Y DEL COMERCIO CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA EN ADMINISTRACIÓN TURÍSTICA Y HOTELERA TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN, PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO EN ADMINISTRACIÓN TURÍSTICA Y HOTELERA TEMA: ESTUDIO DEL AVITURISMO EN LA ZONA DE USO PÚBLICO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL COTOPAXI PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE ALTERNATIVAS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE. AUTORES: TOAPANTA VIRACOCHA, ANGÉLICA FERNANDA CHANCOSÍ QUINATOA, SAÚL JAVIER DIRECTORA: ING. ANGÉLICA GONZÁLEZ LATACUNGA 2017 ii DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS ADMINISTRATIVAS Y DEL COMERCIO CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA EN ADMINISTRACIÓN TURÍSTICA Y HOTELERA CERTIFICACIÓN Certifico que el trabajo de titulación, “ESTUDIO DEL AVITURISMO EN LA ZONA DE USO PÚBLICO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL COTOPAXI PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE ALTERNATIVAS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE”, ha sido revisado en su totalidad y analizado por el software anti-plagio, el mismo que cumple con los requisitos teóricos, científicos, técnicos, metodológicos y legales establecidos por la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, por lo tanto me permito acreditar y autorizar a la señorita ANGÉLICA FERNANDA TOAPANTA VIRACOCHA y al señor SAÚL JAVIER CHANCOSÍ QUINATOA, para que lo sustenten públicamente. Latacunga, 25 de abril del 2017. ________________________________ Ing. Angélica González Mgs. DIRECTORA iii DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS ADMINISTRATIVAS Y DEL COMERCIO CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA EN ADMINISTRACIÓN TURÍSTICA Y HOTELERA AUTORÍA DE RESPONSABILIDAD Nosotros, ANGÉLICA FERNANDA TOAPANTA VIRACOCHA con cédula de identidad N° 0503621823 y SAÚL JAVIER CHANCOSÍ QUINATOA con cédula de identidad N° 0503318693 declaramos que este trabajo de titulación “ESTUDIO DEL AVITURISMO EN LA ZONA DE USO PÚBLICO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL COTOPAXI PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE ALTERNATIVAS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE”, ha sido desarrollado considerando los métodos de investigación existentes, así como también se ha respetado los derechos intelectuales de terceros considerándose en las citas bibliográficas.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile Trip Report April 2015
    BIRDING CHILE APRIL 11 – 29, 2015 A BIRDING AND LOGISTICS REPORT We visited Chile at a rather unconventional time, as most birding groups visit the country in the austral spring/summer. This report was mostly written at the time of the trip, but due to an additional 4 months of traveling through the tropics it never was finished. Although this report doesn’t include the depth and breadth of information I originally planned it to have, I decided to publish it anyway. There is very little information available for birding trips to Chile in April, so hopefully this will be helpful to others that decide to travel to the country during the austral fall. For blog posts on the trip (and a lot more pictures) visit the Chile section of Budgetbirders.com TRIP ITINERARY April 11 – Arrived Santiago 0300, SUMMARY departed for Punta Arenas 0800 WHEN and arrived 1630 Most birding groups visit Chile during the austral spring or April 12 – Laguna Los Palos, summer (Nov-Mar) when resident birds are breeding and Route 9, Puerto Natales, Torres migrants are present. Due to schedule constraints we visited Del Paine Chile in the austral fall. Despite not being the prime time of April 13 – Torres Del Paine (Lago year, overall we had a very successful trip. Most of the typical Gray Trail), Sierra Bagueles Chilean target species were still present but we missed April 14 – Route 405, Port several austral migrants, most notably 3 species from Delgada Ferry, Porvenir tyrannidae, White-sided Hillstar, Austral Rail, and Creamy- rumped Miner. April 15 – Laguana Verde, Parque Penguinos Rey TOTAL # OF SPECIES: April 16 – Porvenir, seawatch, Birding highlights included seeing a total of 241 species of ferry to Puenta Arenas which 10 were Chilean endemics.
    [Show full text]
  • New Observations of the Andean Ibis (Theristicus Branickii
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 12-1-2014 New Observations of the Andean Ibis (Theristicus branickii, Threskiornithidae): Distribution, Movements, and Behavior Near Volcán Antisana Benjamin West SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Latin American Studies Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation West, Benjamin, "New Observations of the Andean Ibis (Theristicus branickii, Threskiornithidae): Distribution, Movements, and Behavior Near Volcán Antisana" (2014). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2019. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2019 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. New Observations of the Andean Ibis (Theristicus branickii , Threskiornithidae): Distribution, Movements, and Behavior Near Volcán Antisana West, Benjamin M. Academic Directors: Silva, Xavier and Robayo, Javier Project Advisor: Williamson, Jessie Bowdoin College Biology South America, Ecuador, Napo Province, Reserva Ecológica Antisana Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Ecuador: Comparative Ecology and Conservation, SIT Study Abroad, Fall 2014 SIT Ecuador: Ecology, Fall 2014 West Abstract The Andean Ibis (Theristicus branickii ) of the highland grasslands of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia is listed globally as Near Threatened and Critically Endangered in Ecuador. The Ecuadorian population is estimated at 100 individuals and is restricted to the vicinities of Volcán Antisana and Volcán Cotopaxi.
    [Show full text]
  • Herrera Et Al.Fm
    ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 15 (Suppl.): 215–222, 2004 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society SISTEMA VISUAL EN EL COLIBRÍ AUSTRAL (SEPHANOIDES SEPHANIODES) Y EL PICAFLOR CORDILLERANO (OREOTROCHILUS LEUCOPLEURUS): ELECTRORRETINOGRAFIA Y COLORACIÓN Gonzalo Herrera1, Maria José Fernández2, Nélida Pohl3, Marcelo Diaz1, Francisco Bozinovic2 & Adrián Palacios1,4 1Centro de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, P. O. 5030, Valparaíso, Chile. 2Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California. Abstract. – Visual system in the Green-backed Firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes) and the White- sided Hillstar (Oreotrochilus leucopterus): electroretinography and color. – Most avian groups have trichromatic and tetrachromatic color vision. Since some flowers are known to exhibit UV-specific color patterns, UV vision might be important in identifying them as food resources. Previous studies indicated that some trochilids have four cone types, with the corresponding visual pigments, including one which is sensitive to ultraviolet light (325–360 nm). However, in a few hummingbird species, a high preference for red color has been reported. Therefore, there is no consensus in the color mechanism that participates in food selection. Here, we study the electroretinograms (ERG) from five (male and female) Green-backed Firecrowns (Sephanoides sephaniodes) and one White-sided Hillstar (Oreotrochilus leucopleurus). These humming- birds are most sensitive to approximately 560 nm and have low UV sensitivity. Most flowers on which these hummingbirds forage are yellow, orange and red, with low UV reflectance. Their spectral sensitivity is tied to their double and single cones and their oil droplets which act as color filters.
    [Show full text]
  • Presence of Giant Hummingbird Patagona Gigas and Ecuadorian Hillstar Oreotrochilus Chimborazo Jamesoni at the Ecuador–Colombia Border
    Presence of Giant Hummingbird Patagona gigas and Ecuadorian Hillstar Oreotrochilus chimborazo jamesoni at the Ecuador–Colombia border Sam Woods, Fernando Ortiz-Crespo and Paul M. Ramsay Nuevos avistamientos de Patagona gigas y Oreotrochilus chimborazo jamesoni en la frontera entre Ecuador y Colombia confirman la extensión del límite distribucional norte de estos colibríes en Ecuador. P. gigas puede estar extendiéndose hacia el norte conforme las quemas de páramo proveen habitat apropiado para plantas de Puya, su principal fuente de néctar, mientras estas quemas podrían estar aumentando el aislamiento de O. chimborazo jamesoni al confinar su fuente de néctar, la planta Chuquiraga jussieui, a mayores altitudes. O. chimborazo jamesoni probablemente ha escapado detección en el pasado en los extremos de su distribución. Introduction The distribution of Andean birds continues to be a topic of interest, since vast mountain areas remain to be explored in detail and sight records by reliable observers have become increasingly important in lieu of specimens. The roughly linear north–south alignment of the Andes has created habitat corridors shaping bird distributions, where it is relatively easy to pinpoint latitudinal gaps and overlap areas. This report focuses on the range limits of two high Andean trochilids: Giant Hummingbird Patagona gigas and Ecuadorian or Chimborazo Hillstar Oreotrochilus chimborazo jamesoni—listed as O. estella chimborazo by some authors. Known ranges A distributional map based on museum specimens demonstrates that P. gigas ranges south along a narrow band from Hacienda Caspigasí at 00°01'N 78°29'W, c.110 km south-west of the Ecuador–Colombia border to Chile3. For O.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of an in Vitro Culture Protocol of Chuquiraga Jussieui J.F. Gmel
    Romanian Biotechnological Letters Vol. 19, No.6, 2014 Copyright © 2014 University of Bucharest Printed in Romania. All rights reserved ORIGINAL PAPER Establishment of an in vitro culture protocol of Chuquiraga jussieui J.F. 1 Gmel. from apical and axillary buds Received for publication, September 01, 2014 Accepted, November 25, 2014 MÓNICA B. JADÁN1 , GALO X. ORQUERA1, RALUCA A. MIHAI1,2 1Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui, Sangolquí – Ecuador, P.O.BOX 171-5-31B, Department of Life Sciences, 3989400 ext 2122 2Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Av. Splaiul Independenţei 296, Bucharest 060031, OP-CP 56-53, Romania Email address of the corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract In vitro establishment of endangered plant species conservation has become a major concern worldwide due to an increase in number of threatened species. Chuquiraga jussieui J.F. Gmel., an Andes mountains shrub is an ideal candidate for the process of conservation due to its state of extinction in Ecuador. Apical and axillary buds of Chuquiraga jussieui were cultivated for 30 days on ½ strength MS (MURASHIGE & SKOOG) [1] medium with different concentrations of BAP (0.1 to 2.0 mg/L), IBA (0.0 - 0.1 mg/L) and BRA (2.0 mg/L) in order to generate shoots. The obtained shoots were transferred to a ½ strength MS multiplication medium supplemented with BAP, IBA and BRA (5 mg/L) for 30 days. The best results for the in vitro multiplication of Chuquiraga jussieui were obtained using ½ strength MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L BRA.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador's Mammals
    Ecuador's Mammals Naturetrek Tour Report 9 - 23 January 2016 Short-tailed Porcupine Giant River Otter Report & Images compiled by Gustavo Cañas-Valle Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Ecuador's Mammals Tour participants: Gustavo Cañas-Valle (leader) with eight Naturetrek clients Summary The tour took us across the Andes from the heads of the western moist watershed of the northern Ecuadorian Andes (The Chocó region) to its eastern slopes towards the Amazonian lowlands. We saw 20 species of mammal and heard a further one. 306 bird species were seen with another 11 heard. Special sightings included Spectacled Bear, Giant Otter, Olinguito and Andean Condor, and a new mammal for the tour: Stump-tailed Porcupine. The latter was a remarkable sighting of a rare and poorly known rodent which inhabits the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Colombia. Introduction With a total area similar to that of the UK [UK: 94,058 square miles (243,610 sq km), and Ecuador: 98,985 square miles (256,370 sq km)], Ecuador has the largest diversity of endemic mammal species per square kilometre in tropical America (calculations based on IUCN, 2016; FAO, 2015; Burneo, 2014) and with 372 species per square kilometre (IUCN, 2016), Ecuador has the highest density of native mammals in the world. The diversity of vegetation in Ecuador takes advantage of the diversity of soils (volcanic and ocean-uplift), the wide range of altitudes offered by the Andes, and the weather patterns associated with these mountain ranges.
    [Show full text]