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Environmental Sustainability Impact of the Okobaba Sawmill Industry On & W ries ild e lif sh e i S F c , i y e r t n l c Elijah and Elegbede, Poult Fish Wildl Sci 2015, 3:1 u e o s Poultry, Fisheries & P DOI: 10.4172/2375-446X.1000131 ISSN: 2375-446X Wildlife Sciences Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Environmental Sustainability Impact of the Okobaba Sawmill Industry on Some Biogeochemistry Characteristics of the Lagos Lagoon Elijah FB 1* and Elegbede Isa2 1Department of Marine sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria 2Department of Environmental and Resource Management, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany Abstract Okobaba hub of Lagos Lagoon is a water body that is presented to direct impact of sawmilling movement and other local wellsprings of contamination of the water body. The physic-concoction parameters, substantial metals and also disintegrated supplements for both water and silt tests of Lagos tidal pond at Okobaba were considered for a time of six month, tests were gathered from March to August as part of the arrangement of studies for the determination for the levels of tainting of the oceanic environment. Five stations were considered and an aggregate of thirty examples were gathered for both water and dregs tests each. Four out of the five stations extended along the water bank of Okobaba while the last (control) is taken after third terrain span. Profundity of water ranges between 0.6 m-2.2 m, temperature ranges somewhere around 240°C and 300°C for air and 250°C and 350°C in water. Complete strong in water was seen to have a scope of 7010-21104. Saltiness of water body ranges from 5.7-22.8 mg/l. Scope of qualities for DO, BOD, alkalinity and pH qualities are given as 3.5-7.4 mg/l, 2106-12104 mg/l, 36.5-105.2 mg/l and 6.7-7.9 mg/l individually. Results got demonstrated that with the exception of Chloride, suspended strong, depth and transparency, all other physic-compound parameters and broke down supplements are not altogether diverse (p>0.05). Centralization of overwhelming metals, for example, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc and Iron demonstrated noteworthy distinction (p<0.05). It was thusly presumed that the levels of sawmill waste contamination from Okobaba has brought about a contrarily noteworthy effect on the water body. Keywords: Aquatic pollutants; Wood pollutants; Biodiversity loss; Typically, pure wood residue leachate is a black liquid with Sustainability; Contamination; Environmental degradation petroleum like odour that causes foaming water. Wood residue decomposition is a slow process that can result in decades of leachate Introduction production. During periods of prolonged substances found naturally Aquatic ecosystems have been suffering significant changes due in wood, such as resin acids, lignins, terpenes, fatty acids and tannins, to anthropogenic activities which eventually produce biodiversity dissolved from these concentrations. Wood wastes deposited into or losses as a direct consequence. Ajao [1] identified sand mining, near water course can alter, disrupt or destroy fish habitat. In fact, it can sand filling, industrial effluent discharge, oil wastes, domestic waste, smother spawning ground areas, decreasing fish variety and abundance sewage discharges among others as human related activities capable (FAO, 1991). and presently destroying the sensitive coastal environment of Nigeria The fish and the fisheries of the Lagos lagoon has been documented species. According to Ajao [1] pollution is a natural or induced change by authors like Fagade; FAO, Fagade and Olaniyan, Udolisa and in the quality of water which renders it unusable or dangerous as Solarin, Solarin, Solarin and Kusemiju, Emmanuel et al. [6-9]. regards food, human and animal health, industry, and agriculture, fishing, or leisure pursuits. Basically, pollution is induced by those Over the years the Lagos lagoon has continued to be under human activities which cause pollutants to enter natural waters. intensifying pressure from pollution. According to Ajao et al. [10] coastal waters can be contaminated from both natural and anthropogenic Pollution of water ways by organic discharges in Nigeria is sources of pollution. The anthropogenic sources include sand mining, perhaps a serious threat posed to the Nigerian inland waters. Sources industrial and domestic effluents, logging and timber transportation by of pollution of the inland waters of Nigeria are well known. The water. The anthropogenic pollutants/waste has an attendant effect on most notable point source arises from the dumping of untreated or the biodiversity of aquatic resources. Reduction in the composition and partially treated sewage into the River [2], brewery effluents into the density of algae, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fish and fisheries river. discharge of bio-degradable wood wastes from sawmill located resources has been linked to the increasing menace over the years of along the lagoon [3]. Wood shavings and leachates are sources of aquatic pollution in the Lagos lagoon, Nigeria [9,11-13]. inert solids as well as toxic pollutants that directly clog fish sill (FAO 1991) and indirectly reduce light penetration which limits productivity contamination of the aquatic environment, makes aquatic organism vulnerable (FAO 1991), fish immune system in particular are weakened *Corresponding author: Elijah FB, Department of Marine sciences, 0020, Akoka, leading to increased incidence of parasites. Manufacturing operations Lagos, Nigeria, Tel: 08023028914; E-mail: [email protected] that produces raw wood, such as sawmill, paper mills and furniture manufacturers are the major source of pollution in the Nigeria Received March 28, 2015; Accepted May 04, 2015; Published May 30, 2015 water ways. Others include Agricultural and domestic wastes which Citation: Elijah FB, Elegbede I (2015) Environmental Sustainability Impact of the find their ways into the river body [4]. Wood residue can negatively Okobaba Sawmill Industry on Some Biogeochemistry Characteristics of the Lagos Lagoon. Poult Fish Wildl Sci 3: 131. doi:10.4172/2375-446X.1000131 impact the environment, contaminate and destroy fish habitat. Wood residue leachate is produced when water percolates, or flows, through Copyright: © 2015 Elijah FB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted wood residue; storing wood waste in pits where it has contact with use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and groundwater creates another source of leachate (FAO) [5]. source are credited. Poult Fish Wildl Sci ISSN: 2375-446X PFW, an open access journal Volume 3 • Issue 1 • 1000131 Citation: Elijah FB, Elegbede I (2015) Environmental Sustainability Impact of the Okobaba Sawmill Industry on Some Biogeochemistry Characteristics of the Lagos Lagoon. Poult Fish Wildl Sci 3: 131. doi:10.4172/2375-446X.1000131 Page 2 of 19 The importance of fish in the society cannot be over emphasized, wellspring of contamination, not only in light of the fact that they are hence there is the need to know the influence of sawmill wood wastes dangerous at generally low fixation, additionally in light of the fact on the water quality and distribution of fish. that they are not subject to corruption thus upon presentation they get to be perpetual expansion into the environment. The uptake and Water pollution capacity of these metals by oceanic organic entities when presented Contamination is a characteristic or incited change in the nature over and again to sub lethal amassing of these poisons likewise prompts of water which renders it unusable or perilous as respects sustenance, the life form’s tissue convergence of substantial metals to turn into a human and creature wellbeing, industry, and agribusiness, angling, or few requests of size higher than that of control creatures, a sensation recreation interests. Essentially, contamination is actuated by those known as bioaccumulation. This increment in the tissue’s metal focus human exercises which cause contaminations to enter characteristic happens as a consequence of the net pick up in metal fixation because waters. The fundamental driver of water contamination is the release of the low discharge rates of the metals from the creature’s body and of strong or fluid waste items containing contaminations on to the the ensuing impelling of metal detoxification frameworks, for example, area surface, or into surface or beachfront waters. Direct release of the establishment of metal granules and blend of low- :atomic weight- untreated local squanders, for example, kitchen squanders, excrement protein e.g. metallothionien [19]. and pee into the Lagos tidal pond frameworks undermine the oceanic Lead is an environmental poison known to bring about harm to biological system from numerous points of view. These incorporate human wellbeing, influencing exceptionally the focal sensory system, bringing about an increment in the microbial load in these water bodies, conceptive organs, the insusceptible framework and kidney [20]. It supplement enhancement, contamination of the dirt and amphibian is viewed as an aggregate toxic substance to warm blooded animals, situations [14] and in addition the accessibility of substratum for symptomatically, intense lead harming generally influences the bacterial development. It additionally causes a decrease in broke up gastrointestinal tract or the nervous framework and incidentally it oxygen level, diminishment in the appropriation and differing qualities
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