DOCSLIB.ORG

ALCORN-THESIS-2019.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Copyright by Louis Gerald Alcorn 2019 The Thesis Committee for Louis Gerald Alcorn Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Thesis: Informal Transit Integration with Planned Transit Systems in Lagos, Nigeria APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Alex Karner, Supervisor Ming Zhang Informal Transit Integration with Planned Transit Systems in Lagos, Nigeria by Louis Gerald Alcorn Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Community and Regional Planning The University of Texas at Austin May 2019 Dedication To my wife, Lin Rui Li, who inspired this project to begin with and has always supported my intellectual and personal pursuits with all of her heart Acknowledgements I must first start by thanking my supervisors, Dr. Alex Karner and Dr. Ming Zhang, who have been instrumental in my development as an academic researcher. Your thoughtful feedback and commitment to my work has pushed me to achieve things that I struggled to envision upon entering graduate school (e.g. writing a cohesive ~170-page document about buses). Your passion for teaching and research has enriched my graduate experience beyond measure. Additionally, my field research trip to Nigeria would not have been possible without travel grant funding support from the University of Texas School of Architecture. In Nigeria, I want to thank my gracious hosts, Tunde, Yinka, and Amara, for welcoming me into your homes and helping me settle into your city. I want to thank all of my professional contacts for their technical, support, enthusiasm, and continuous engagement throughout my research project. I owe particular thanks to Dr. M. O. Olawole, Dr. Wale Alade, Ladi Ojora, and the University of Lagos students Rotimi, Yemi, and Tina who helped me carry out my fieldwork. Your support and guidance made this research project possible. Furthermore, I want to thank all of the interviewees who agreed to be a part of my case study. The welcoming involvement of LAMATA, LAGBUS, the NURTW, Lara.ng, and academics from UNILAG and LASU provided a rich set of resources and connections that bolstered my results. At home in California, I want to thank my parents, Greg and Laura, whose hard work and planning have privileged me with the ability and resources to travel the world and study what stimulates me. I am eternally grateful for your consistent love and support. v Finally, I want to thank my wife, Lin Rui Li, for many things. This research topic and my pursuit of dual master’s degrees in transportation engineering and planning (a first at UT Austin) was inspired by her. I would not even come close to achieving my goals and objectives in school and in life without her undying inspiration and support. vi Abstract Informal Transit Integration with Planned Transit Systems in Lagos, Nigeria Louis Gerald Alcorn, MSCRP The University of Texas at Austin, 2019 Supervisor: Alex Karner Informal, minimally-regulated minibus services dominate public transportation in Lagos. Local, state, and federal government entities in Nigeria have historically only been able to provide woefully inadequate formal transit systems. The informal transit sector has sprung up to fill this incredible demand. The cutthroat, individualistic grind of this system produces world-renowned problems of inefficiency, safety and, unreliability of urban transport in one of the world’s most populated cities. While build-out of more reliable, safer and more affordable public transit infrastructure in Lagos is imperative and ongoing, it is unclear whether past, current and future projects being carried out by the government are being or have been designed to incorporate informal services for a combined system that can better accommodate travel on a network scale throughout the city. Government agencies preach the need for modernist, top-down imposition of bold, physical infrastructure projects and the eradication of the disorder associated with the informal system. These plans boast a grand vision for the future of transport in Lagos, including the build out of numerous Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) routes, a 7-line vii commuter/light-rail network, and even a gondola system serving Lagos and Victoria islands. This research takes a critical, post-colonial lens to the complex relationships at play in what currently embodies a competing, dual transit system rooted in institutional corruption. Through this analysis, I distill a potential for a collaborative relationship to develop in this place, leveraging the benefits of both the formal, ordered system and the informal system’s adaptive nature and situated knowledges. viii Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xiv List of Figures ....................................................................................................................xv List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................. xxi Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Background and Purpose ............................................................................................1 Research Questions & Objectives...............................................................................4 Research Question 1: What methods of politics and governance can foster the incorporation of both formal and informal transit services into a safe, accessible, and intermodal transportation landscape in Lagos? .......................................................................................................4 Research Question 2: What institutional, structural, or technological methods can be employed to affirmatively design a more effective, equitable, and sustainable public transport system in Lagos? ..................5 Research Question 3: What is the general public perception of the formalized transit infrastructure improvements (e.g. BRT, rail lines, etc.) and the way that they have come to fruiting and how can this inform future development in the transport system? ................................6 Theoretical Framework ...............................................................................................6 Contribution to Academic Research & Practice .......................................................11 Thesis Structure .......................................................................................................12 Chapter 2: Overview of Transportation Conditions in Lagos ............................................15 Introduction: Informal Transit Systems and Formal Transit Plans in Lagos ............15 Danfo 101: How the Informal Transit System Works in Lagos ...................15 Formal Transportation Plans .........................................................................19 LAMATA Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP) ..........................19 ix Bus Reform Project: Phasing Out of Yellow Danfos with Formal Transit Hubs and Fleet Renewal ....................................................22 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology .................................................................25 Introduction ...............................................................................................................25 Methodological Approach ........................................................................................25 Research Design .......................................................................................................27 General Site Documentation .........................................................................28 Semi-Structured Interviews with Key Stakeholders .....................................34 Informal, Unstructured Interviews with People Using Transportation .........40 Primary Document Retrieval ........................................................................41 Primary Source Documents Obtained in Lagos, Nigeria (2018) Planning Documents/Reports.........................................................43 GIS Files ..............................................................................................44 Engineering Documents .......................................................................45 Relevant Academic Studies & Past Research Efforts ..........................45 Immersive Experience - Participant Observation and Photography .............46 Africa Smart Cities Conference ....................................................................48 Chapter 4: Informal Economies and Their Role in the Public Transport System in Lagos, Nigeria ..............................................................................................................50 Introduction ...............................................................................................................50 Background and History of the Informal Transport Sector ......................................50 Informal Transit Systems in the Global South ..............................................50 Actors within the Informal Transit Sector in Lagos .................................................52 Leadership: The National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) ...55 Rank-and-File: Informal Transit Operators, Conductors, and Agberos .......57 x Passengers/General Public ............................................................................59
Recommended publications
  • Urban Governance and Turning African Ciɵes Around: Lagos Case Study

    Urban Governance and Turning African Ciɵes Around: Lagos Case Study

    Advancing research excellence for governance and public policy in Africa PASGR Working Paper 019 Urban Governance and Turning African CiƟes Around: Lagos Case Study Agunbiade, Elijah Muyiwa University of Lagos, Nigeria Olajide, Oluwafemi Ayodeji University of Lagos, Nigeria August, 2016 This report was produced in the context of a mul‐country study on the ‘Urban Governance and Turning African Cies Around ’, generously supported by the UK Department for Internaonal Development (DFID) through the Partnership for African Social and Governance Research (PASGR). The views herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those held by PASGR or DFID. Author contact informaƟon: Elijah Muyiwa Agunbiade University of Lagos, Nigeria [email protected] or [email protected] Suggested citaƟon: Agunbiade, E. M. and Olajide, O. A. (2016). Urban Governance and Turning African CiƟes Around: Lagos Case Study. Partnership for African Social and Governance Research Working Paper No. 019, Nairobi, Kenya. ©Partnership for African Social & Governance Research, 2016 Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] www.pasgr.org ISBN 978‐9966‐087‐15‐7 Table of Contents List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Acronyms ............................................................................................................................
  • Legacies of Biafra Conference Schedule - SOAS, University of London, April 21-22

    Legacies of Biafra Conference Schedule - SOAS, University of London, April 21-22

    H-AfrLitCine Legacies of Biafra Conference Schedule - SOAS, University of London, April 21-22 Discussion published by Louisa Uchum Egbunike on Monday, April 24, 2017 Legacies of Biafra Conference Schedule - April 21-22, SOAS, University of London Registration is to completed online at www.igboconference.com/tickets For further details about the conference, visit www.igboconference.com Conference Schedule: Thursday 20th April, Khalili Lecture Theatre, SOAS 6:00pm – 8:00pm Preconference Welcome, Film screening: Most Vulnerable Nigerians: The Legacy of the Asaba Massacres by Elizabeth Bird, followed by a Q & A session. Elizabeth Bird will introduce the documentary film and talk about her research and upcoming book about the Asaba Massacres. Film Screening: Onye Ije: The Traveller, An Igbo travelogue on the Umuahia War Museum & The Ojukwu Bunker produced by Brian C. Ezeike and Mazi Waga. The film will be introduced by the producers of the Documentary series, followed by a short Q & A Session. …………………………………………… FRIDAY, 21st APRIL 2017, Brunei Gallery Lecture Theatre & Suite, SOAS 8:30am Conference Registration Opens 9:30am Parallel Panels (A) A1 Panel: Revisiting Biafra A2 Panel: Writing Biafra (please scroll down for speaker details on the A Panels) 11:00am Parallel Panels (B) B1 Roundtable: Global Media and Humanitarian Responses to the Biafra War B2 Roundtable: Real Life Accounts of the War B3 Panel: Child Refugees of the Nigeria-Biafra war (please scroll down for speaker details on the B Panels ) 12:30pm Obi Nwakanma in Conversation with Olu Oguibe Citation: Louisa Uchum Egbunike. Legacies of Biafra Conference Schedule - SOAS, University of London, April 21-22 .
  • Mapping Nigeria's Response to Covid-19 the Bold Ones

    Mapping Nigeria's Response to Covid-19 the Bold Ones

    DIGITAL DIALOGUES A NATIONAL CONVERSATION: MAPPING NIGERIA’S RESPONSE TO COVID-19 POST-EVENT REPORT THE BOLD ONES: NIGERIAN COMPANIES REINVENTING FOR THE NEW NORMAL SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT JULY 2020 AGRIBUSINESS FINANCE MARKETS NIRSAL exists to create a handshake between the Agricultural Value Chain and the Financial Sector in order to boost productivity, food security and the profitability of agribusiness in Nigeria. At the heart of our strategy is the Credit Risk Guarantee (CRG) which enhances the flow of finance and investment into fixed Agricultural Value Chains by serving as a buffer that encourages investors to fund verified bankable projects. Working with financial institutions, farmer groups, mechanization service providers, logistics providers and other actors in the Value Chain, NIRSAL is changing Nigeria's agricultural landscape and delivering food security, financial inclusion, wealth creation and economic growth. THE NIGERIA INCENTIVE-BASED RISK SHARING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL LENDING De-Risking Agriculture Facilitating Agribusiness Office Address Lagos Office Plot 1581, Tigris Crescent CBN Building www.nirsal.com Maitama District Tinubu Square, Marina You u e Abuja, Nigeria Lagos, Nigeria @nirsalconnect NIRSAL, a Central Bank of Nigeria corporation. DIGITAL DIALOGUES A NATIONAL CONVERSATION: MAPPING NIGERIA’S RESPONSE TO COVID-19 POST-EVENT REPORT THE BOLD ONES: NIGERIAN COMPANIES REINVENTING FOR THE NEW NORMAL SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT Sponsors Moderators and Panelists ZAINAB PROF. AKIN IBUKUN DR. OBIAGELI ALIYU DR. DOYIN OLISA ENGR.
  • Socio-Ecological Metabolisms of Eko Atlantic City, Lagos, Nigeria: an Unjust City?

    Socio-Ecological Metabolisms of Eko Atlantic City, Lagos, Nigeria: an Unjust City?

    Socio-Ecological Metabolisms of Eko Atlantic City, Lagos, Nigeria: An Unjust City? Joseph Adeniran Adedeji Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Abstract My aim in this paper is to examine the socio-ecological metabolisms involved in the production processes of Eko Atlantic City (EAC) in Lagos, Nigeria with a view to suggesting an adaptable metabolism framework based on political ecology. This is consequent upon the continually perceived ailments of this capitalist urbanisation project on the majority poor populace. Results suggest the major components of the framework to include capitalism, neoliberalism, authoritarianism, class differentiation, socio-spatial segregation, and socio-ecological disorganisation, all in the name of climate change adaptation. It concludes by advocating for strategies for framing a truly democratic and inclusive urban governance at EAC. What is the city and what forces frame its identity? Developmental mega-city projects can illuminate our understanding and guide a re-thinking of the actual meaning of the city. An evaluation of the process of recovering the ocean space to construct the 10-million square meter Eko Atlantic City (EAC) in Lagos, Nigeria, can help us redefine the city with the lenses of political ecology and social justice. The EAC is a large-scale urbanisation project that leaves a plethora of questions in inquisitive minds, especially given the project’s lopsided proceeds destined for the upper class. It has been christened a climate change adaptation project, but the larger quest borders on adaptation for whom? The discourse in the paper is structured in three parts to answer the following questions: 1) what is the socio-ecological inclusiveness of this oceanscape before the inception of EAC; 2) what are the dominant narratives in the literature on the Urban Socio-Ecological Metabolisms (USEM) that continue to trail the conception and birth of EAC; and 3) to what extent has EAC charted the course for a new urban vocabulary beyond neoliberalism to produce a new USEM framework.
  • Nigeria's Economic Reforms

    Nigeria's Economic Reforms

    Nigeria’s Economic Reforms Progress and Challenges Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Philip Osafo-Kwaako Working Paper # 6 NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC REFORMS: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Distinguished Fellow Global Economy and Development Program The Brookings Institution Philip Osafo-Kwaako Visiting Research Associate Global Economy and Development Program The Brookings Institution MARCH 2007 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE., NW WASHINGTON, DC 20036 2 The authors are grateful to various colleagues, particularly members of the Nigerian Economic Team, for valuable comments and suggestions on various components of the recent reform program. Additional suggestions should be directed to [email protected]. About the Global Economy and Development Program The Global Economy and Development program at Brookings examines the opportunities and challenges presented by globalization, which has become a central concern for policymakers, business executives and civil society, and offers innovative recommendations and solutions in order to materially shape the policy debate. Global Economy and Development scholars address the issues surrounding globalization within three key areas: • The drivers shaping the global economy • The road out of poverty • The rise of new economic powers The program is directed by Lael Brainard, vice president and holder of the Bernard L. Schwartz Chair in International Economics. The program also houses the Wolfensohn Center for Development, a major effort to improve the effectiveness of national and international development efforts. www.brookings.edu/global The views expressed in this working paper do not necessarily reflect the official position of Brookings, its board or the advisory council members. © The Brookings Institution ISBN: 978-0-9790376-5-8 Contents List of Acronyms .
  • FACTUAL CATALOGUE 2020-2021 Including

    FACTUAL CATALOGUE 2020-2021 Including

    HAT TRICK INTERNATIONAL FACTUAL CATALOGUE 2020-2021 Including... FACTUAL CATALOGUE CONTENTS FACTUAL CATALOGUE CONTENTS FACTUAL ENTERTAINMENT SECRETS OF YOUR SUPERMARKET FOOD 11 RIVER COTTAGE KEY CONTACTS TALKING ANIMALS: TALES FROM THE ZOO 17 AMAZING SPACES DENMARK 20 THE BALMORAL HOTEL: AN EXTRAORDINARY YEAR 25 A COOK ON THE WILD SIDE 38 SARAH TONG, Director of Sales AMISH: WORLD’S SQUAREST TEENAGERS 2 THE BIG BREAD EXPERIMENT 26 HUGH’S 3 GOOD THINGS: BEST BITES 38 Australia, New Zealand, Global SVOD THE BIG C & ME 13 ATLANTIC EDGE 16 HUGH’S THREE HUNGRY BOYS - SERIES 1 39 Email: [email protected] A VERY BRITISH HOTEL CHAIN: INSIDE BEST WESTERN 24 THE DETONATORS 6 HUGH’S THREE HUNGRY BOYS - SERIES 2 39 Tel: +44 (0)20 7184 7710 A YEAR ON THE FARM 16 THE GREAT BRITISH DIG: HISTORY IN YOUR BACK GARDEN 22 RIVER COTTAGE AUSTRALIA 39 BANGKOK AIRPORT 24 THE GREAT BRITISH GARDEN REVIVAL 18 RIVER COTTAGE BITES 38 BRADFORD: CITY OF DREAMS 8 THE LADYKILLERS: PEST DETECTIVES 16 RIVER COTTAGE BITES: BEST BITES 38 JONATHAN SOUTH, Senior Sales Executive BREAKING DAD 5 THE LAST MINERS 2 RIVER COTTAGE CATALOGUE 1999-2013 40-41 Canada, Latin America, Portugal, Spain, USA BRITISH GARDENS IN TIME 18 THE MILLIONAIRES’ HOLIDAY CLUB 24 Email: [email protected] BROKE 9 THE REAL MAN’S ROAD TRIP: SEAN AND JON GO WEST 5 FACTUAL / SPECIALS Tel: +44 (0)20 7184 7771 CABINS IN THE WILD WITH DICK STRAWBRIDGE 19 THE ROMANIANS ARE COMING 9 CELEBRITY TRAWLERMEN: ALL AT SEA 6 THE YEAR WITH THE TRIBE, A TASTE OF THE YORKSHIRE DALES 42 ELFYN MORRIS, Senior Sales Executive
  • Research Methods in Anthropology Is the Standard Textbook for Methods Classes in Anthropology Programs

    Research Methods in Anthropology Is the Standard Textbook for Methods Classes in Anthropology Programs

    ANTHROPOLOGY • RESEARCH METHODS Bernard H. Russell Bernard Research Methods in Anthropology is the standard textbook for methods classes in anthropology programs. Written in Russ Bernard’s unmistakable conversational style, this fourth edition continues the tradition of previous editions, which have launched tens of thousands of students into the fieldwork enterprise with a com- bination of rigorous methodology, wry humor, and commonsense advice. The author has thoroughly updated his text and increased the length of the bibliogra- phy by about 50 percent to point students and researchers to the literature on hundreds of methods and techniques covered. He has added and updated many RESEARCH examples of real research, which fieldworkers and students can replicate. There METHODS IN FOURTH is new material throughout, including sections on computer-based interviewing ANTHROPOLOGY methods; management of electronic field notes; recording equipment and voice EDITION recognition software; text analysis; and the collection and analysis of visual FOURTH materials. Whether you are coming from a scientific, interpretive, or applied EDITION anthropological tradition, you will learn field methods from the best guide in both qualitative and quantitative methods. RESEARCH H. Russell Bernard is professor of anthropology at the University of Florida. He is also the editor of Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, the METHODS IN author of Social Research Methods, and the founder and current editor of the journal Field Methods. ANTHROPOLOGY For orders and information please contact the publisher QUALITATIVE AND ISBN 978-0-7591-0868-4 QUANTITATIVE A Division of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1-800-462-6420 APPROACHES www.altamirapress.com Research Methods in Anthropology Fourth Edition Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches H.
  • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Eko Atlantic Shoreline Protection and Reclamation Project- a Summary

    Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Eko Atlantic Shoreline Protection and Reclamation Project- a Summary

    ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE EKO ATLANTIC SHORELINE PROTECTION AND RECLAMATION PROJECT- A SUMMARY The Eko Atlantic Shoreline Protection and Reclamation Project will provide approximately 1000 hectares (ha) of high quality land for development within the heart of Lagos, Nigeria and will offer a long-term solution to the shoreline erosion problems at Victoria Island, Lagos. Coastal Protection and the Development of a Future Modern City in Lagos, Nigeria. Project Location South Energyx Nigeria Ltd (SENL) was specifically created to undertake the development of the Eko Atlantic Project. Key elements of the management structure of SENL have a distinguished track record in Nigeria for the successful completion of major construction and engineering works. The Project site is located adjacent to Bar Beach, at Victoria Island, Lagos, within the Eti-Osa Local Government Area. The Need for the Eko Atlantic Project Protection: The shoreline of Victoria Island has retreated significantly over the past century. The main cause for this erosion began with the blocking of coastal sediment transport after the construction of two moles or breakwaters (between 1908 and 1912) at the entrance to the Port of Lagos. Coastal protection activity was frequently commissioned to reduce the erosion threat to Victoria Island, including several nourishment schemes. However, those attempts only temporarily mitigated the erosion and there continued to be intermittent flooding in this coastal area. The erosion culminated in 2006, when the protective beach disappeared with resultant flood damage to the road infrastructure along Bar Beach. The images presented below illustrate the situation in 2006. With no action, highly valued areas of residential and commercial property would continue to have been threatened by intrusion of sea water.
  • Moving Minds What Shapes Students’ European Identity and How Does European Identity Influence Students’ Future Intra-European Mobility?

    Moving Minds What Shapes Students’ European Identity and How Does European Identity Influence Students’ Future Intra-European Mobility?

    Moving Minds What shapes students’ European identity and how does European identity influence students’ future intra-European mobility? Source: Murray (2019) Regional development, urban renewal and population dynamics Dieuwke Elzinga S3000516 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. D. Ballas Abstract In this day and age, much of the decision-making lies with decisionmakers on European scale. Therefore, it is to be expected that “feeling European” rather (just) your own nationality becomes more and more common. But what does the term “European identity” entail exactly and which role does this change in mindset entail for migration streams of students? The aim of this thesis is to comprehend what shapes students’ European identity and how this influences their willingness to migrate within Europe in the future. In order to do so it will look in detail at how students define European identity, what personal factors influence students’ reasons for future mobility and whether they are likely to move in the future and whether their European identity differs with national numbers. In order to do this, data has been collected from students from Leeds, Groningen, and Athens. Subsequentially, tests were run on this data in order to assess whether European identity is of influence on future mobility behaviour as well motivations for moving. Furthermore, focus groups were held in order to gain more insight into what students’ European identity and whether this differs between countries. In general, European identity seems to not be of influence on one’s moving behaviour, however, this could be due to small sample groups. Age seems to have a significant influence on future mobility within some groups, which is in line with other literature.
  • Art Music Food Shops Living

    Art Music Food Shops Living

    Since 1958 FREE www.touristnewsmaine.com August 16-22, 2018 Volume 60, Issue 16 . for the people who live here, visit here and love it here. TouriSt NewS Pastel Sunset by Holly Lombardo ART MUSIC FOOD SHOPS LIVING kittery | york | ogunquit | wells | kennebunk | kennebunkport | arundel | biddeford | saco | old orchard beach PAGE 2 TOURIST NEWS, AUGUST 16-22, 2018 Note to Readers: Meet Cover Artist Holly Lombardo Hold onto your Tourist News issues. I've been a painter my whole With rotating listings and resources, timeless stories and loads of art, life, I just didn't know it. I am each issue's shelf life extends a self-taught artist. I now paint well beyond issue dates! exclusively with acrylics and continue to be surprised with the vibrancy and effects I can IN THIS ISSUE August 16-22 create with mixing colors and their juxtaposition on the canvas. Because I attended an Local Heroes . PAGE 3 engineering school and did not take art after middle school, Dogs of the Kennebunks . PAGES 4- 5 I paint with purposeful urgency, putting onto canvas the Outreach. PAGES 6-7 colors and textures I've noticed since I was a child. Local Scene . PAGES 8-9 When I am in the woods or near the ocean, I not only hear Day Tripper. PAGES 10-11 the sounds and smell the air, but I see colors. Growing up In the Art World . PAGES 12-13 as a child in Brunswick, Maine, I have always noticed the The Beat . PAGE 15 colors in nature. It is nature's color palette that inspires Calendar .
  • Photography at Auctions

    Photography at Auctions

    AFRICAN CONTEMPORARY PHOTOGRAPHY AT AUCTIONS CONFIDENCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET REACHES AN ALL-TIME HIGH CAPE TOWN ART FAIR’S RISING PROFILE ART 14 LONDON, SETTING NEW HEIGHTS HASSAN HAJJAJ DAVID GOLDBLATT SIMON OTTENBERG JOACHIM MELCHERS UGOCHUKWU - SMOOTH C. NZEWI PAUL SIKA JOHN FLEETWOOD ARTUR WALTHER THE PHOTOGRAPHY ISSUE II OMENKA MAGAZINE 2 3 4 6 7 0 8 8 1 0 0 0 0 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 2 Ben (Benedict Chukwukadibia) Contact Enwonwu, M.B.E +44 (0) 20 7468 8355 (Nigerian, 1917 - 1994) [email protected] ‘Snake Dance’ carved wood 141 x 20 x 20cm (55 1/2 x 7 7/8 x 7 7/8in) (including base) £50,000 - 80,000 US$83,000 - 133,000 Africa Now New Bond Street bonhams.com/africanow 2014 Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg 22-24 August To submit your application, please visit www.artlogic.co.za/fairs The deadline for applications is the 28th of February 2014. Decoration or Asset? The Art Exchange’s Products and Services include... Advisory Services Acquisition Financing Custodian & Insurance Services www.theartexchangelimited.com [email protected] +234 706 590 4800 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3 118 99 FEATURES Spot Lighting The Sanlam Food Wine Design Fair 2013 100 John Fleetwood: The Market Photo Workshop 106 Peer Conversation 114 Jude Anogwih and Adejoke Tugbiyele Art 14 London, Setting New Heights 118 Cape Town Art Fair’s Rising Profile 124 5 OMENKA MAGAZINE VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3 COLUMNS 81 ArtTactic 82 Confidence in the International Photography Market Reaches an All-time High Ask the Curator 84 Ugochukwu-Smooth Nzewi Letter to the Editor
  • Poor Public Transport Infrastructure in Lagos Nigeria, How Sustainable Improvement Could Enhance Well-Being of the People and Provide Environmental Benefits

    Poor Public Transport Infrastructure in Lagos Nigeria, How Sustainable Improvement Could Enhance Well-Being of the People and Provide Environmental Benefits

    Poor Public Transport Infrastructure in Lagos Nigeria, How Sustainable Improvement could enhance well-being of the people and provide environmental benefits. Edema James Etim Degree thesis for Bachelor of Natural Resources Degree programme in Sustainable Coastal Management Ekenäs, 2019 BACHELOR’S THESIS Author: James Edema Etim Degree Programme: Natural Resources and Environment Specialization: Sustainable Coastal Management Supervisor: Jonna Engström-Ös and Stefan Heinänen Title: Poor Public Transport Infrastructure in Lagos Nigeria, How Sustainable Improvement could enhance well-being of the people and provide environmental benefits. __________________________________________________________________________ Date: May 2019 Number of pages: 26 Abstract The urbanization of cities has been a more deliberated issue for decades, with visible implementation stipulated by countries towards sustainable implementation of policy and infrastructures that suits the environment at present and for future developments. The effect of these implementations has also seen more research on effective ways to reducing environmental pollutions, and better healthy standard for humanity. Greater appreciation goes to this new era of technology advancement which has aid faster movement in cities restructuring, ranging from town planning and road designs, housing and transportation. This thesis focuses on the Poor Public Transportation infrastructure in Lagos Nigeria, and the sustainable ways for improvement. The first part covers the challenges by pointing out major issues with the present system. The second part of my thesis explains alternatives sustainable measures to improve the public transport in Lagos, by looking at how public transportation works in Helsinki Finland and sustainable implementations. Finally, in the conclusion and discussion, I have answered the research questions in this thesis and then, explained why it is important to have a high quality and sustainable public transport in Lagos, the benefit to the people, clean environment and boost to the nation economy.