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Doc.10100.Space Weather Manual FINAL DRAFT Version
Doc 10100 Manual on Space Weather Information in Support of International Air Navigation Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition – 2018 International Civil Aviation Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Space weather indicators .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 The hazards ........................................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.4 Space weather mitigation aspects ....................................................................................................... 1-3 1.5 Coordinating the response to a space weather event ......................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2. Space Weather Phenomena and Aviation Operations ................................................................. 2-1 2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Geomagnetic storms .......................................................................................................................... -
Space UK Earth’S Surface Water
Issue #49 IN THIS ISSUE: Staring at the Sun MYSTERIOUS Helpline from Space Weightless in the Clouds MERCURY Contents News Cornwall Calling Space Weather Watcher Mapping the Route to Mars Honour for UK Astronaut New Satellite Tracks Pollution UK-France Space Deal In Pictures The Sun Features Mysterious Mercury Zero-G Science Helpline from Space Education Resources UK Space History Skylark Made in the UK Earth-i Info News Cornwall Calling The first Moon landing Cornwall Calling Credit: NASA Cornwall could soon be Antennas at Goonhilly beamed communicating with the Moon and images of the 1969 Moon landing Mars, following the announcement and, shortly after it was built in that the world’s first commercial deep 1985, the 32-metre Goonhilly-6 space communication base will be at antenna carried the historic Live Aid the Goonhilly Earth Station. concert broadcast to TV viewers An £8.4 million investment will see a around the world. two-year upgrade of the Goonhilly-6 A Space Industry Bill, announced antenna so it can communicate as part of the Queen’s speech in One of the large dishes at Goonhilly with future robotic and crewed 2017, will introduce new powers missions to the Moon and Mars. The to allow rocket and spaceplane Credit: Goonhilly Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Local launches from UK soil. Goonhilly is Enterprise Partnership’s Growth Deal also offering spacecraft tracking and the European Space Agency and communications facilities as (ESA) – which the UK Space Agency part of the Spaceport Cornwall contributes to – funded the contract, funding bid. which will allow Goonhilly to support “We see huge opportunities for ESA’s worldwide network of spacecraft the developing space sector in monitoring ground stations. -
Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
COSPAR 2020 AWARDS Press Release (for immediate release) Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) To be presented on 30 January during the 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly 28 January – 4 February 2021, Sydney, Australia See below for complete citations and a brief description of COSPAR. - COSPAR Space Science Award for outstanding contributions to space science: William J. Borucki (USA), Astrobiology and Space Research Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California Ken McCracken (Australia), CSIRO and Jellore Technologies, retired, New South Wales - COSPAR International Cooperation Medal for distinguished contributions to space science and work that has contributed significantly to the promotion of international scientific cooperation: John Kiss (USA) and Francisco Javer Medina Díaz (Spain), College of Arts & Sciences, University of North Carolina—Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina and PCNPµG Lab (Plant Cell Nucleolus, Proliferation & Microgravity), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas – CSIC, Madrid - COSPAR William Nordberg Medal commemorating the late William Nordberg and for distinguished contributions to the application of space science in a field covered by COSPAR: Daniel J. McCleese (USA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California - COSPAR Harrie Massey Award honoring the memory of Sir Harrie Massey, FRS, for outstanding contributions to the development of space research in which a leadership role is of particular importance: Alexander Held (Australia), CSIRO Centre of -
Associations Between Space Weather Events and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Deaths from Ischemic Heart Disease
atmosphere Article Associations between Space Weather Events and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Deaths from Ischemic Heart Disease Vidmantas Vaiˇciulis 1,2,*, Jone˙ Vencloviene˙ 3,4, Abdonas Tamošiunas¯ 5,6, Deivydas Kiznys 3, Dalia Lukšiene˙ 1,5, Daina Kranˇciukaite-Butylkinien˙ e˙ 5,7 and RiˇcardasRadišauskas 1,5 1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; [email protected] (D.L.); [email protected] (R.R.) 2 Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania; [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (D.K.) 4 Laboratory of Clinical Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania 5 Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (D.K.-B.) 6 Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania 7 Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +370-678-34506 Abstract: The effects of charged solar particles hitting the Earth’s magnetosphere are often harmful Citation: Vaiˇciulis,V.; Vencloviene,˙ J.; and can be dangerous to the human organism. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations Tamošiunas,¯ A.; Kiznys, D.; Lukšiene,˙ of geomagnetic storms (GSs) and other space weather events (solar proton events (SPEs), solar flares D.; Kranˇciukaite-Butylkinien˙ e,˙ D.; (SFs), high-speed solar wind (HSSW), interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and stream Radišauskas, R. -
Anti-Aging Effects of Long-Term Space Missions, Estimated by Heart Rate
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Anti-aging efects of long-term space missions, estimated by heart rate variability Received: 10 January 2019 Kuniaki Otsuka1,2, Germaine Cornelissen2, Yutaka Kubo3, Koichi Shibata3, Koh Mizuno4,5, Accepted: 5 June 2019 Hiroshi Ohshima5, Satoshi Furukawa5 & Chiaki Mukai5 Published: xx xx xxxx Reports that aging slows down in space prompted this investigation of anti-aging efects in humans by analyzing astronauts’ heart rate variability (HRV). Ambulatory 48-hour electrocardiograms from 7 astronauts (42.1 ± 6.8 years; 6 men) 20.6 ± 2.7 days (ISS01) and 138.6 ± 21.8 days (ISS02) after launch were divided into 24-hour spans of relative lower or higher magnetic disturbance, based on geomagnetic measures in Tromso, Norway. Magnetic disturbances were signifcantly higher on disturbed than on quiet days (ISS01: 72.01 ± 33.82 versus 33.96 ± 17.90 nT, P = 0.0307; ISS02: 71.06 ± 51.52 versus 32.53 ± 27.27 nT, P = 0.0308). SDNNIDX was increased on disturbed days (by 5.5% during ISS01, P = 0.0110), as were other HRV indices during ISS02 (SDANN, 12.5%, P = 0.0243; Triangular Index, 8.4%, P = 0.0469; and TF-component, 17.2%, P = 0.0054), suggesting the action of an anti-aging or longevity efect. The efect on TF was stronger during light (12:00–17:00) than during darkness (0:00–05:00) (P = 0.0268). The brain default mode network (DMN) was activated, gauged by increases in the LF-band (9.7%, P = 0.0730) and MF1-band (9.9%, P = 0.0281). -
A Profile of Space Weather
A Profile of Space Weather Space weather describes the conditions in space that affect Earth and its technological systems. Space weather is a consequence of the behavior of the Sun, the nature of Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere, and our location in the solar system. The active elements of space weather are particles, electromagnetic energy, and magnetic field, rather than the more commonly known weather contributors of water, temperature, and air. The Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) forecasts space weather to assist users in avoiding or mitigating severe space weather. Most disruptions caused by space weather storms affect technology, With the rising sophistication of our technologies, and the number of people that rely on this technology, vulnerability to space weather events has increased dramatically. Geomagnetic Storms Induced Currents in the atmosphere and on the ground Electric Power Grid systems suffer (black-outs) Pipelines carrying oil, for instance, can be damaged by the high currents. Electric Charges in Space Solar Radiation Storms Satellites may encounter problems with the on- board components and electronic systems. Hazard to Humans Geomagnetic disruption in the upper atmosphere High radiation hazard to astronauts HF (high frequency) radio interference Less threathening, but can effect high-flying aircraft at high latitudes Satellite navigation (like GPS receivers) may be degraded Damage to Satellites Satellites can slow and even change orbit. High-energy particles can render satellites useless (either temporarily or permanently) The Aurora can be seen in high latitudes Impact on Communications HF communications as well as Low Frequency Navigation Signals are susceptible to radiation storms. HF communication at high latitudes is often impossible for several days during radiation storms Space Weather Prediction Center The Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) Forecast Center is jointly operated by NOAA and the U.S. -
Space Weather Effects Catalogue
SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS CATALOGUE ESTEC/Contract No. 14069/99/NL/SB ESA Space Weather Study (ESWS) WP 310 Range of space weather and effects SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS CATALOGUE ESWS-FMI-RP-0001 Issue 2.2 January 2, 2001 Authors: H. Koskinen 1,2, E. Tanskanen1, R. Pirjola1, A. Pulkkinen1 C. Dyer3, D. Rodgers3, P. Cannon4 J.-C. Mandeville5, D.Boscher5 1) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research, Helsinki 2) University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Helsinki 3) UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Farnborough 4) UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Malvern 5) Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales, Toulouse ESA Technical Officer: A. Hilgers D/TOS Space Environments and Effects Analysis Section (TOS-EMA) ESWS-FMI-RP-0001 Page 1 SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS CATALOGUE Document status 1. Document Title: ESA Space Weather Study (ESWS) Space Weather Effects Catalogue, ESWS-FMI-RP-0001 2. Issue: 2 3. Revision: 2 4. Date: 02.01.01 Document change record Issue Date: Comments: 0.1 24.05.00 WP 310 internal circulation 0.2 26.05.00 All sections included 1.0 05.06.00 Draft delivered to ESTEC 1.1 09.08.00 Internal revision after ESTEC review 1.2. 18.08.00 Revised draft delivered to ESTEC 2.0. 19.10.00 Second revision delivered to ESTEC 2.1. 17.12.00 Revised after ESTEC review 2.2. 02.01.01 Final ESWS-FMI-RP-0001 Page 2 SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS CATALOGUE Abstract _______________________________________________________________4 Acknowledgements ______________________________________________________4 1. Introduction __________________________________________________________5 1.1. Purpose and composition of this document ___________________________________ 5 1.2. -
UNDERSTANDING SPACE WEATHER Part III: the Sun’S Domain
UNDERSTANDING SPACE WEATHER Part III: The Sun’s Domain KEITH STRONG, NICHOLEEN VIALL, JOAN SCHMELZ, AND JULIA SABA The solar wind is a continuous, varying outflow of high-temperature plasma, traveling at hundreds of kilometers per second and stretching to over 100 au from the Sun. his paper is the third in a series of five papers Our intention is to provide a basic context so that about understanding the phenomena that cause they can produce more informative and interesting T space weather and their impacts. These papers program content with respect to space weather. are a primer for meteorological and climatological Strong et al. (2012, hereafter Part I) described the students who may be interested in the outside forces production of solar energy and its tortuous journey that directly or indirectly affect Earth’s neutral at- from the solar core to the surface. That paper dealt mosphere. The series is also designed to provide with long-term variations of the solar output. Strong background information for the many media weather et al. (2017, hereafter Part II) addressed issues related forecasters who often refer to solar-related phenom- to short-term solar variability (primarily flares and ena such as flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), CMEs). This paper (Part III) deals with the variations coronal holes, and geomagnetic storms. Often those in the outflow of particles from the Sun throughout the presentations are misleading or definitively wrong. solar system to its outer boundaries: the Sun’s domain (see Fig. 1). The forthcoming Part IV (“The Sun–Earth Connection”) will deal with how the variable solar AFFILIATIONS: STRONG,* VIALL, AND SABA*—NASA Goddard radiation, magnetic field, and particle outputs inter- Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; SCHMELZ—Universities act with Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere. -
Joint Space Weather Summer Camp Program
Joint Space Weather Summer Camp Program July 22 - August 18, 2013 The University of Alabama in Huntsville German Aerospace Center (DLR) The University of Rostock Joint WeatherSpace Summer Camp 1 Table of Contents Welcome……………………………………………………………………………..4 Schedules Schedule in Huntsville………………………………………………………..5 Schedule in Neustrelitz……………………………………………………….7 Space Weather Summer Camp in Huntsville Abstracts……………………………………………………………………..10 Project Work…………………………………………………………………23 Space Weather Summer Camp in Neustrelitz Abstracts……………………………………………………………………..25 Project Work…………………………………………………………………37 Joint WeatherSpace Summer Camp 2 Joint WeatherSpace Summer Camp 3 Welcome to the Joint Space Weather Summer Camp 2013 The Joint Space Weather Summer Camp is a partnership between UAHuntsville, the DLR and the University of Rostock. Because of the considerable historical ties between Huntsville and the state of Mecklenburg Vorpommern (Germany) in the development of rockets, missiles, and eventually manned space flight, the Joint Space Weather Summer Camp was created to forge ties and develop communication between these two regions that have had such an impact on the 20th century. During the 4 week series of lectures, hands-on projects, experiments, and excursions you will be given an understanding of both the theoretical underpinnings and practical appli- cations of Space Weather and solar and space physics. During the first two weeks in Huntsville, we begin by focusing on the Sun as the primary cause of space weather in the entire solar system, and discuss fundamental processes in plasma physics, the solar wind and the interaction processes between the solar wind and Earth’s upper atmosphere.There will also be the opportunity to participate in either data or practical-based project work, enabling you to gain a practical understanding of the top- ics that will be discussed in the lectures both in Huntsville and in Germany. -
Space Weather ± Physics and Effects Volker Bothmer and Ioannis A
Space Weather ± Physics and Effects Volker Bothmer and Ioannis A. Daglis Space Weather ± Physics and Effects Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK Dr Volker Bothmer Dr Ioannis A. Daglis Institute for Astrophysics National Observatory of Athens University of GoÈttingen Athens GoÈ ttingen Greece Germany SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 10: 3-540-23907-3 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13: 978-3-540-23907-9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra®e; detailed bibliographic data are available from the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de Library of Congress Control Number: 2006921904 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
International Space Station Benefits for Humanity, 3Rd Edition
International Space Station Benefits for Humanity 3RD Edition This book was developed collaboratively by the members of the International Space Station (ISS) Program Science Forum (PSF), which includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). NP-2018-06-013-JSC i Acknowledgments A Product of the International Space Station Program Science Forum National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Executive Editors: Julie Robinson, Kirt Costello, Pete Hasbrook, Julie Robinson David Brady, Tara Ruttley, Bryan Dansberry, Kirt Costello William Stefanov, Shoyeb ‘Sunny’ Panjwani, Managing Editor: Alex Macdonald, Michael Read, Ousmane Diallo, David Brady Tracy Thumm, Jenny Howard, Melissa Gaskill, Judy Tate-Brown Section Editors: Tara Ruttley Canadian Space Agency: Bryan Dansberry Luchino Cohen, Isabelle Marcil, Sara Millington-Veloza, William Stefanov David Haight, Louise Beauchamp Tracy Parr-Thumm European Space Agency: Michael Read Andreas Schoen, Jennifer Ngo-Anh, Jon Weems, Cover Designer: Eric Istasse, Jason Hatton, Stefaan De Mey Erik Lopez Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency: Technical Editor: Masaki Shirakawa, Kazuo Umezawa, Sakiko Kamesaki, Susan Breeden Sayaka Umemura, Yoko Kitami Graphic Designer: State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS: Cynthia Bush Georgy Karabadzhak, Vasily Savinkov, Elena Lavrenko, Igor Sorokin, Natalya Zhukova, Natalia Biryukova, -
Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: a Workshop
Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: A Workshop Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study is based on work supported by the Contract NASW-01001 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this pub- lication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency that provided support for the project. Cover: (Upper left) A looping eruptive prominence blasted out from a powerful active region on July 29, 2005, and within an hour had broken away from the Sun. Active regions are areas of strong magnetic forces. Image courtesy of SOHO, a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA. International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-12769-1 International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-12769-6 Copies of this report are available free of charge from: Space Studies Board National Research Council 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Wash- ington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.