UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Family Values at Work
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Family Values at Work: Social Movements and the Politics of Leave Legislation in the U.S. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Cassandra Engeman Committee in charge: Professor Maria Charles, Co-Chair Professor Fernando Lopez-Alves, Co-Chair Professor Jennifer Earl, University of Arizona Professor Nelson Lichtenstein March 2016 The dissertation of Cassandra Engeman is approved. _____________________________________________ Jennifer Earl _____________________________________________ Nelson Lichtenstein _____________________________________________ Fernando Lopez-Alves, Committee Co-Chair _____________________________________________ Maria Charles, Committee Co-Chair December 2015 Family Values at Work: Social Movements and the Politics of Leave Legislation in the U.S. Copyright © 2016 by Cassandra Engeman iii Acknowledgements I extend my gratitude first to my interview participants, many of whom took time out of their very busy community/union organizing schedules to speak with me. It was a pleasure to meet and talk with each of them. For obvious reasons, I would not have been able to finish this dissertation without their help. This dissertation benefited greatly from guidance by members of my dissertation committee: Maria Charles, Fernando Lopez-Alves, Jennifer Earl, and Nelson Lichtenstein. I consider myself very fortunate to have such skilled and friendly scholars on my committee. Each member made unique contributions and all made me a better researcher and writer. My co-chairs, Maria Charles and Fernando Lopez-Alves were real champions. I am particularly grateful to them for encouraging me to do the hard work of publishing findings from my thesis research, which later helped me make critical connections with other outside scholars. It must be difficult, I imagine, to push mentees to perform better while also maintaining their confidence. Maria and Fernando achieve this balance expertly. Through the natural fits and starts of academic research, their encouraging words kept me committed to my project. I was also fortunate to have two other mentors in the course of my graduate studies. For several years, I served as a Research Fellow at the National Science Foundation Center for Nanotechnology in Society (CNS) at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Not only did the fellowships fund much of my graduate studies, I had the opportunity to collaborate with Barbara Herr Harthorn. Working for her and with her was a very rewarding experience. With her, I (co-)authored my first peer-review journal publication. That process greatly improved my writing, taught me about the review process, and how to respond to reviewers. The CNS-UCSB also provided a professional and professionalizing environment where I learned how to present and disseminate my research findings, write grant reports, and organize conferences. For each of these reasons and more, I am grateful to Barbara Herr Harthorn for taking me under her wing. My final two years in graduate school were spent analyzing data and writing-up findings from Berlin. David Brady and the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB) generously offered an intellectual home from which I completed this work. I enjoyed discussing research with David Brady, Felix Elwert, and other members of the Inequality and Social Policy research group at the WZB, who were all very welcoming. Writing a dissertation is often described as a solitary process, but David Brady and the WZB kept me engaged with a broader community of scholars. I wasn’t at all lonely. Generous funding was provided by the UCSB Academic Senate, the UCSB Broom Center for Demography, the UCSB Department of Sociology, the UCSB Dick Flacks Fund for Democratic Possibilities, the UCSB Graduate Division (Humanities and Social Sciences Research Grant), and the UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment. Audiences from several conferences and meetings provided helpful feedback and commentary, specifically: the Work and Welfare Research Network in Berlin (2015), the 2015 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in Chicago, the 2013 mini-conference in New York organized by the Comparative-Historical and Political Sociology sections of the ASA, the UCSB Department of Sociology 2013 colloquium series, and the 2012 International Sociological Association Forum on Sociology in Buenos Aires. iv Professors, colleagues, and friends at UCSB offered helpful advice and encouragement. Professors Richard Appelbaum, Dick Flacks, Verta Taylor, and Howie Winant often took time to ask me about my work and offer professional guidance. I enjoyed the ad hoc job market group formed with my colleagues, Alison Crossley, Veronica Montes, and Greg Prieto in which we helped each other prepare our application materials for academic positions. I am happy to know we each found satisfying work. The friendships I forged at UCSB are what makes graduate school memorable. I am so grateful to have met my dear friends Steven Attewell, Hillary Blackerby, Marko Budisic, Jason Hopkins, Patrick Lyra Kearns, Lina Kim, Daraka Larimore-Hall, Micheal Lowe, Ryan Mohr, Nat Pyle, Jennifer Rogers-Brown, and Stefanie Stauffer. I still turn to many of them for advice on my work, especially Daraka Larimore-Hall and Jennifer Rogers- Brown, whom I have consulted in recent weeks while finalizing this manuscript. There are many other friends outside the UCSB community whom I could thank for their moral support, but I will name only two. First, my friend Julia Wendt has expressed her pride and belief in me from beginning to end. Second, in addition to being a great friend, Amy Hines helped me quite a bit with my project. We had numerous conversations about my research in which she interjected with her on-the-ground perspective. Additionally, she helped me draft my letters to union activists to invite their participation in my study (keep it brief for busy organizers, she said). It is possible that her wording helped me get the interviews I needed. To my family, thank you for tolerating my absence – physical and mental – while I worked on this dissertation. Specifically, I thank my parents for their support throughout my studies, for encouraging me to write, and for saying that things worth doing take time; my grandparents, Clara Greufe, Wanda Packer, and Chuck Packer for your excitement about my studies; my sister, Christina Godinez for the much-needed breaks from work (I always have so much fun with you and wish I could have more); and my parents-in-law Carlo Chiodaroli and Fernanda Longinotti and my sister- and brother-in-law, Roberta Chiodaroli and Marco Follini for visiting us in Germany and playing with our son, Enrico, while I was away at conferences and workshops and writing this dissertation. Finally, I am grateful to my partner, Marco Chiodaroli for being my biggest fan. Everyone needs one, and Marco often asks about my research findings and requests to read drafts of my work. And because work-life balance is important, I thank him, above all, for the adventures outside academia – for the journey out of the U.S. and into parenthood. I am looking forward to what lies ahead. v Vita of Cassandra Engeman [email protected] January 2016 EDUCATION 2016 Ph.D., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara Committee: Maria Charles (co-chair), Fernando Lopez-Alves (co-chair), Jennifer Earl, and Nelson Lichtenstein 2008 M.A., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara Committee: George Lipsitz (chair), Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval, and Fernando Lopez-Alves 2005 M.S., Labor Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Advisor: Tom Juravich 2002 B.A., Sociology, University of Missouri, Kansas City ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2014-2016 Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB, Social Science Research Center in Berlin), Inequality and Social Policy research group, Visiting Researcher 2010-2014 University of California, Santa Barbara, National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Nanotechnology in Society, Research Fellow PUBLICATIONS Engeman, Cassandra. 2015. “Social Movement Unionism in Practice: Organizational Dimensions of Union Mobilization in the Los Angeles Immigrant Rights Marches,” Work, Employment & Society 29(3): 444-461. Harry Braverman Award, Honorable Mention, Labor Studies Section, Society for the Study of Social Problems, 2015. Engeman, Cassandra. 2015. “How Social Movement Unionism Helped Shape the 2006 Immigrant Rights Marches in L.A.,” USAPP American Politics and Policy blog, London School of Economics. Engeman, Cassandra, Lynn Baumgartner, Benjamin Carr, Allison Fish, John Meyerhofer, Terre Satterfield, Patricia Holden, and Barbara Herr Harthorn. 2013. “The Hierarchy of Environmental Health and Safety Practices in the U.S. Nanotechnology Workplace,” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 10(9): 487-495. vi Engeman, Cassandra, Lynn Baumgartner, Benjamin Carr, Allison Fish, John Meyerhofer, Terre Satterfield, Patricia Holden, and Barbara Herr Harthorn. 2012. “Governance Implications of Nanomaterials Companies’ Inconsistent Risk Perceptions and Safety Practices,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 14(3): 749-760. Engeman, Cassandra. 2010. “Unions and Mothers,” Encyclopedia of Motherhood (ed. Andrea O’Reilly). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Press. DATA PROVIDED TO THE U.S. PRESIDENT’S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS Data contributed (with L. Baumgartner, B. Carr, A. Fish, J. Meyerhofer, T. Satterfield,