1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE G823 favoring the General Welfare Act Progress Administration and Mrs. Danz, Martin F. Wheadrick, Sadie Van Horne, Herman the Casey bill (H. R. 6470); to the Committee on Appro­ Koehn, William F. Kirsch, Frank N. Prentice, A. J. Bletzer, priations. Mary Bletzer, Mrs. S. Scoller, Mrs. E. Smith, Mrs. J. A. 3578. By Mr. SCHAEFER of Illinois: Petition of the Illi­ Schwartz, Marhisa H. Schwartz, Thomas Mitchell, Frances nois State Federation of Labor, R. G. Soderstrom, president, Lundergan, Hans W. Fincke, Eva Willman, and ·985 other urging enactment of Senate bill 2460, relating to the devel­ citizens; to the Committee on Ways and Means. opment of vocational education in the several States and 3560. By Mr. HINSHAW: Petition of Nona Tubbs and 270 Territories; to the Committee on Education. other residents of Pasadena, Calif., urging the Seventy-sixth 3579. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Veterans of For­ Congress to enact H;ouse bill 5620, the General Welfare Act; eign Wars of the United States, Evansville, Ind., urging to the Committee on Ways and Means. consideration of their resolution with reference to the Grover 3561. By Mr. JARMAN: Resolution of the court of county Cleveland Bergdoll case; to the Committee on World War commissioners of Greene County, Ala., relating to further Veterans' Legislation. improvements of navigation on Warrior River in Alabama 3580. Also, petition of the County Wexford Men's and between Demopolis and Tuscaloosa, Ala.; to the Committee Women's P. S. and B. Association, of New York, urging con­ on Rivers and Harbors. sideration of their resolution with reference to the fifth an­ 3562. By Mr. KRAMER: Resolution of the Senate of the nual Commodore John Barry pilgrimage; to the Committee State of California, relating to the construction and mainte­ on Foreign Affairs. nance of a veterans' general facility and hospital in Humboldt 3581. Also, petition of the Ohio Valley Improvement As­ County; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legisla­ sociation, Cincinnati, Ohio, urging consideration of their tion. resolution with reference to Senate bill 2009, concerning freight rates; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign 3563. Also, resolution of the Brotherhood of Railroad Train­ Commerce. men, relating to the appropriation of an additional $100,000 for the La Follette committee so that it may complete its investigation in California, Oregon, and Washington; to the SENATE Committee on Appropriations. 3564. Also, resolution of the Assembly and the Senate of. THURSDAY, JUNE 8, 1939 the State of California, relating to the civil liberties investi­ (Legislative day of Monday, June 5, 1939) gation; to the Committee on Appropriations. The Senate met at 1 o'clock p. m., on the expiration of 3565. By Mr. KEOGH: Petition of the American Manu­ the recess. facturing Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.,"opposing the Fulmer bill

The message also announ~ed that the House had disagreed vigor of potential achievement has awakened the deeper to the amendments of the Senate to the bill more outstandingly engaging theme at that moment these blending qualities in the degree and charm they were than national security; what more solemn and impressive so distinctly and impressively exemplified in the discourses Jesson evoked from that theme, and what more befitting time and pUblic utterances of JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS. and place could have been chosen to give wings · to an ac­ The last illness of Senator LEwiS overtook him while return­ curate and dependable concept of our national security that it ing to Washington from a brief and long-coveted visit to his might be wafted to a Nation mourning at the bier of a beloved Chicago. He had begun this returning journey filled beloved son, and to the uttermost peoples of the earth. with the buoyant hope and high expectation of reassuming I recall no lines in the literature of our language that his duties here in the Senate, but immediately on arriving .at more perfectly describe, or adequately portray, the colorful the Capital City, because of a serious heart attack in transit, and eventful life Of JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS than those em­ he deemed it best that he should be taken forthwith to a ployed by John Temple Graves in his memorial address on hospital for treatment. Upon arriving at this institution, it the life and achievements of Henry Woodfry Grady, who, is said he chanced to meet and recognize at the. doorway an like Senator LEWIS, died literally loving a Nation into peace old friend of long acquaintance, and, although experiencing and security. I refer to those finely turned phrases of at the moment the most excruciating pain, .he turned aside matchless imagery, "inimitable by model or by pencil drawn," to address this humble citizen in his charming and custom­ wherein he said: arily courteous manner. JAMES HAI\ULTON LEWIS, who had I have seen at midnight the gleaming headlight of a giant locomotive, rushing onward througl;l the darkness, heedless of shown us in life how a citizen should live, taught us in his danger and uncertainty, and I have thought the spectacle grand. last hour how a gentleman should die. I have seen the light come over the eastem hills in glory, driving PETITION the lazy darkness, like mist before a seaborn gale, till leaf and tree and blade of grass sparkled as myriad diamonds in the morning Mr. CAPPER presented a petition signed by members of rays, and I have thought that it was grand. I have seen the light­ the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, of Caldwell, Kans., ning leap at midnight athwart the storm-swept sky, shivering over chaotic clouds, mid howling winds, till cloud and darkness and the praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit the sale shadow-haunted earth flashed into midday splendor, and I have and shipment of munitions and war supplies to Japan for use known that it was grand. But the grandest thing, next to the in operations in China, which was referred to the Committee radiance that flows from the Almighty's throne, is the light of a noble and beautiful life, shining in benediction upon the destinies on Foreign Relations. of men, and finding its home in the bosom of the everlasting God. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES The life of JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS, WhO has ever been a Mr. SHEPPARD, from the Committee on Military Affairs, star of the first magnitude in the political firmament of our to which was referred the bill

ADDITIONAL COPIES OF HOUSE DOCUMENT 272--cONTll~ENTAL TOLL By Mr. BANKHEAD: ROADS; HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT S. 2585. A bill to reimburse the Cotton Cooperative ·Asso­ Mr. HAYDEN, from the Committee on Printing, reported ciations for losses occasioned by the Federal Farm Board's a concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 19), which was con­ stabilization operations, and for other purposes; to the Com­ sidered by unanimous consent and agreed to, as follows: mittee on Agriculture and Forestry. Resolved by the Sena.te (the House of Representatives concur­ By Mr. SHEPPARD: ring), That 16,000 additional copies of House Document No. 272, S. 2586 Cabinet research stations in the various States and Territories of and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives, the United States to cooperate with the Department of Com­ and the invitation to the meeting contained messages f:mm merce in research activities which will improve the general the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, the Attorney economic welfare and be of direct value to small business General, the Speaker of the House, the leader of the Senate enterprises; to the Committee on Commerce. majority, former President Hoover, the Senator from Kansas 1939. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 682'l [Mr. CAPPER], the Senator from New York [Mr. WAGNER], W. Martin, Jr., the Honorable Jack Nichols, the Honorable Caroline O'Day, the Honorable James C. Oliver, the Honorable Sam Rayburn~ Hon. JosEPH W. MARTIN, Jr., the minority leader in the the Honorable Dave E. Satterfield, Jr., the Honorable Dewey Short, House of Representatives, Dr. Alexis Carrel. There was also the Honorable Clyde H. Smith, the Honorable Martin F. Smith, the one from John J. Pershing, General of the Armies of the Honorable Allen T. Treadway, the Honorable James W. Wadsworth. United States in the last war, which I wish to read: And in addition the following: Dr. James Truslow Adams, the Honorable Harry W. Blair, the Honorable Fred A. Britten, the Hon­ This moral rearmament should enlist the support of all think­ orable Dwight F. Davis, the Honorable Frederic A. Delano, Mr. Cleve­ ing people. There is a spiritual emotion which underlies all true land E. Dodge, Mr. Robert V. Fleming, Dr. Douglas Southall Freeman, patriotism, and good citizenship itself is dependent upon the M:r. William Green, Col. Edwin A. Halsey, the Honorable J. L. high sense of moral obligation of the people. Today, confronted Houghteling, the Honorable J. Monroe Johnson, Mr. G. Gould Lin­ by conditions so threatening to world peace, we must rededicate coln, Mr. Felix Morley, Mr. Newbold Noyes, the Honorable Robert L. ourselves to the faith of our forefathers if we are to be worthy of Owen, Mrs. Eleanor Medill Patterson, the Honorable Hoffman our heritage. Philip, Mr. William M. Ritter, Mr. Russell E. Sard, the Honorable JOHN J. PERSHING. Henry L. Stimson. And also the following sponsors of a citizens' meeting at Madiso·n The principal address of the evening was delivered by Dr. Square Garden, New York, on May 14: The Honorable William F. Frank N.D. Buchman, founder of the Oxford Group. There Ca!ey, Mr. John Alden Carpenter, Mr. William M. Chadbourne, Dr. weJ;'e messages from the House of Lords of Great Britain Harry Woodburn Chase, Mr. Louis Comstock, M:r. Harvey Wiley Corbett, Mr. Frederic R. Coudert, Mr. Russell A. Firestone, Mr. Henry signed by 25 members of that body, and a message from the Ford, Mr. John Henry Hammond, the Honorable Ogden H. Hammond, House of Commons signed by 236 members of that body. the Honorable Fiorello H. La Guardia, the Honorable Herbert H. Messages al'so came from the Netherlands, from the Union Lehman, the Honorable A. Harry Moore, Mr. William Fellowes Morgan, 9f South Africa, from British labor, and from great diplo­ Mr. Henry Morgenthau, Mr. Henry Parish, Mr. Edgar Rickard, Mrs. James Roosevelt, Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., the Honorable Alfred mats the world over. E. Smith, Dr. James E. West. I think it is particularly appropriate, Mr. President, to Mr. President, I desire to call to the attention of the Senate record these messages from Great Britain in the proceedings the various messages which have been received from all parts ot of the Senate today because of the presence here of the King the country endorsing the present campaign for moral rearmament. Among them aro the following: and Queen of Great Britain, and because of the fact that From the Secretary of State: included among the signatories are men who both person­ "Here in the post-war period there has been a general lowering ally and officially are associated with Their Majesties. of standards of conduct--moral, political, social, and economic. International morality has seldom been at a lower ebb. The time I ask that this document be printed in the body of the is ripe and the need is urgent for a renewal and restoration of RECORD and that its printing as a Senate document be the former high standard of conduct of both individuals and authorized (Senate Document No. 82). governments. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request "CORDELL HULL." of the Senator from Missouri? From the Secretary of War: "The heart of national defense is a rebirth of true patriotism There being no objection, the document was ordered to be (!,mong our people. Moral rearmament deepens and strengthens printed as a Senate document and to be published in the that love of country without which no nation is secure, and it RECORD, as follows: deserves the support of every loyal American. "HARRY H. WOODRING." Mr. President, on Sunday evening, June 4, there was held in Constitution Hall, Washington, a National Meeting for Moral Re­ From the Attorney General: Armament. I had the honor at that time to present the following "As a practical Catholic, I believe that our hope lies in a re· message from the President of the United States, which opened that birth of the old integrities and a new sense of moral values. This great assembly: tragic twentieth century, when faith seems in eclipse, may yet "The underlying strength of the world must consist in the moral prove the most glorious in history because out of the weakness fiber of her citizens. A program of moral rearmament for the of our broken hopes is rising the strong tide of a spiritual awak­ world cannot fail, therefore, to lessen the danger of armed conflict. ening. Moral rearmament is safeguarding the great traditions of Such moral rearmament, to be most highly effective, must receive our past, and will provide the sinews of our might for the future. support on a world-wide basis. "FRANK MURPHY." "FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT." From the Speaker of the House of Representatives: From former President Herbert Hoover: "At a time when major calamity threatens the world, no greater "The world has come out of confusion before because some men blessing could come to our land than a reawakening to .those and women stood solid. They held safety for the world, not be­ ancient truths on which the strength of democracy is built. There cause they knew the solutions to all these confusions, not because must be a new spirit at home, as well as abroad. We, therefore, they even had the power to find solutions. They stood firm and join in welcoming the movement for moral and spiritual rearma­ they held the light of civilization until the furies passed because ment as a bulwark of the democratic tradition and a basis for they individually held to certain principles of life, of morals, and unity throughout the Nation. spiritual values. These are the simple concepts of truth, justice, ''WILLIAM B. BANKHEAD." tolerance, mercy, and respect for the dignity of the common man. From the majority leader of the Senate: To hold and lift these banners in the world will go far to solve "One of the chief hopes for civilization is to strengthen and its confusions. unite the moral forces of mankind. Our generation must rearm "What the world needs today is to return to sanity and to moral morally or sUffer from moral and spiritual disorganization. Com­ and spiritual ideals. At the present time nothing so concerns the mon action in this high endeavor would unite the conflicting ele­ progress of mankind. ments within our own democracy, and enable America to give a. "HERBERT HoovER." leadership which could save the world. The sponsors for the meeting included members of the Cabinet: "ALBEN W. BARKLEY." The Honorable Harry H. Woodring, Secretary of War; the Honorable F.rom John J. Pershing, General of the- Armies of the United Claude A. Swanson, Secretary of the Navy; the Honorable James A. States: Farley, Postmaster General; the Honorable Harold L. Ickes, Secre­ "This moral rearmament should enlist the support of all think­ tary of the Interior; the Honorable Frances Perkins, Secretary of ing people. There is a spiritual emotion which underlies all tr~ Labor. patriotism, and good citizenship itself is dependent upon the high Members of the Senate: The Honorable Warren R. Austin, the sense of moral obligation of the people. Today, confronted by Honorable Josiah W. Bailey, the Honorable W. Warren Barbour, conditions so threatening to world peace, we must rededicate our­ the Honorable Alben W. Barkley, the Honorable William E. Borah, selves to the faith of our forefathers if we are to be worthy of our the Honorable Edward R. Burke, the Honorable Harry Flood Byrd, heritage. the Honorable Arthur Capper, the Honorable Bennett Champ "JOHN J. PERSHING." Clark, the Honorable Carter Glass, the Honorable Theodore F. Green, the Honorable Pat Harrison, the Honorable William H. From the senior Senator from Kansas: King, the Honorable M. M. Logan, the Honorable Scott w. Lucas, "Faith in God, love of the land, and a pioneer spirit once con.. the Honorable Ernest Lundeen, the Honorable Charles L. McNary, quered a continent. Sons of the West will fight for moral re· the Honorable James M. Mead, the Honorable Sherman Minton, armament as the next frontier movement in .American history, and the Honorable Claude Pepper, the Honorable Key Pittman, the make the same sacrifices to carry it from coast to coast. Honorable Morris Sheppard, the Honorable Elbert D. Thomas, the "ARTHUR CAPPER." Honorable Harry S. Truman, the Honorable Robert F. Wagner. From the senior Senator from New York: Members of the House of Representatives: The Speaker of the "The great need of the hour is for a spirit of moral rearmament House, the Honorable John G. Alexander, the Honorable H. Carl in every phase of national life. Inspired by such a spirit, labor and Andersen, the Honorable Chester C. Bolton, the Honorable Ralph 0. industry can take their rightful place of service in the public Brewster, the Honorable Colgate w. Darden, Jr., the Honorable interest and demonstrate to the world that unity in which alone Charles A. Eaton, the Honorable Hamilton Fish, the Honorable lies liberty and peace. Carl Hinshaw, the Honorable Carl E. Mapes, the Honorable Joseph "ROBERT F. WAGNER." ·6828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8 From the minority leader of the House of Representatives: "Unity and peace, whether national or international, can grow "No greater contribution to the America of tomorrow could be only amongst m.en and nations who become spiritually equipped rendered than the moral rearmament of the American people. It with faith and love. The responsibility before God rests upon every would create an unselfishness which is most essential if we are to individual man and woman, with us and with you, that they solve properly the great problems which today confront the Nation. answer to this call. Most of our troubles and difficulties can be traced to the selfishness "The Lord Addington; the Right Honorable the Earl of Ath­ of minorities. Moral rearmament is a great need of the day. lone, K. G., personal A. D. C. to the King since 1936, "JOSEPH W. MARTIN, Jr." Governor General of the Union of South Africa, 1923-31; From the Governor of the State of New York: the Lord Bicest er, Lord-Lieutenant of Oxfordshi.re; the "In these critical times our people must face the future with a Right Honorable the Earl of Clarendon, K . G., Lord patriotism above partisanship. We must develop a moral conscious­ Chamberlain to the King, Governor General of the Union ness based on a faith 1n God which can inspire both public and of South Africa, 1931- 37; the Right Honorable Lord private life. Clinton, G. C. V. 0., Chairman of the Forestry Commis­ "A program of this nature can bring an answer to the problems sion, 1927- 29; Admiral of the Fleet, the Right Honorable of our day and deserves the fullest cooperation of all true Americans. the Earl of Cork and Orrery, G. C. B., G. C. V. 0 ., Com­ . "HERBERT H. LEHMAN." mander in Chief, Portsmouth; the Right Honorable Lord From the mayor of the city of New York: Desborough, K . G., former president of the London Cham­ "I wish you well-deserved success for Moral Rearmament Meeting. ber of Commerce; the Lord Elton, tellow of the Queen's A new determination has come to the life of this city as a result of College, Oxford; the Right Honorable the Viscount Fitz­ the desire for moral rearmament, for more honest and unselfish Alan of Derwent, K. G., Viceroy of Ireland, 1921- 22; the relations, a greater readiness to worlc together for the common good Earl Grey; the Right Honorable the Viscount Hailsham, without party prejudices, and a truer faith in the God of us all. Lord Chancelor of Great Britain, 1935--38, Secretary of "America has taken her rightful place in the leadership of the State for War and leader of the House of Lords, 1931-35; world. We therefore must make sure that our own house is in order the Right Honorable Lord Kennet, G. B. E., Minister of first. I hope that New York may take the lead in this t ask and Health, 1931-35; the Right Honorable the Earl of Lytton, become the sounding board to the nation for moral rearmament. K. G., Viceroy and Acting Governor General of India, "F. H. LAGUARDIA." 1925; the Right Honorable the Earl of Midleton, K. P., Secretary of State for war, 1900-1903, Secretary of State From Dr. Alexis Carrel, of the Rockefeller Institute: for India, 1903-{)5; the Right Honorable Lord Mlldmay of "The spiritual activities of man are no less real than physical Flete, Lord Lieutenant of Devon; the Earl of Munster, and chemical phenomena-and their importance is much greater. Under Secretary of State for War; the Right Honorable The emancipation from the dogma of materialism will usher in Lord Rankeillour, Lord of the Treasury, 1916-19; the Right an era when human life will be broader and more complete. Honorable Lord Rennell of Rodd, G. C. B., Ambassador "Civilizat10n today stands at the crossroads. We speak of peace. at Rome, 1908-19; the Most Honorable the Marquess of But we must not forget that life loves the strong; that peace de­ Salisbury, K. G., G. C. V. 0., leader of the House of mands strength. The strength of nations, like that of man, is Lords, 1929-31; the Right Honorable the Viscount Sankey, composed of spiritual as well as material elements. Therefore the G. B. E., Lord Chancelor, 192g.....a5; the Right Honorable call of the hour must be a call to moral and physical virility. And the Earl of Selborne, K. G., G. C. M.G., president of the the spiritual rearming of men and nations must lead the way. Board of Agriculture, 1915--16; the Right Honorable Lord "ALEXIS CARREL." Stamp, G. C. B., chairman of London, Midland, and Scot­ Mr. President, the principal address of the evening was given by tish Railway, director of the Bank of England; the Earl Dr. Frank N.D. Buchman, founder of the Oxford Group, and I wlll of Strathmore and King horne, K. G., K. T .; Marshal of the quote from It as follows: Royal Air Force, the Right Honorable the Viscount "MRA is the triumph of a God-given thought. It came as the Trenchard, G. C. B., G. C. V. 0., Commander of the Air answer to a crisis that threatened civilization. A reemphasis of old Force, 1918, Chief of the Air Staff, 1918-29; the Most truths was let loose in the world-simple homespun truths that Honorable the Marquess of Willingdon, G. C. S I, have been the backbone of the real America, the guidance of God, G. C. I. E., G. B. E., Governor General of the Dominion of and a change of heart. Everyone agreed that these great truths Canada, 1926-31, Viceroy of India, 1931-36." had to be recapt ured, relived, and restored to authority-truths :which, were t hey practiced, would bring the answer. The phrase From members of the House of Commons: that riveted itself upon the attention of men everywhere was 'Moral "We, the undersigned members of the British House of Commons, and spiritual rearmament.' send greetings on the occasion of the National Meeting for Moral "Leadership of the future goes to the men of moral courage; the Rearmament in Washington. We join you in afflrming our loyalty men who ask and give 3 feet to the yard, 16 ounces to the pound. to those moral and spiritual principles which are more funda­ As Americans, as patriots, we find that MRA is the common denomi­ mental than any political or economic issue and which are the nator on which everyone can unite. In an age of material perfection common heritage of our peoples. we must usher in the age of spiritual force, when spiritual power "There is urgent need to acknowledge the sovereign authority of becomes the greatest power In the world. The voice of God must God in home and nation, to establish that liberty which rests upon become the voice of the people; the will of God the will of the people. the Christian responsibility to all one's fellow men, and to build a . "America may not have been moving from crisis to crisis, but national life based on unselfishness, unity, and faith . America is not without her problems in business, the home, 1n "Only if founded on moral and spiritual rearmament can democ­ Industry, in civic and In Government life. racy fulfill its promise to mankind and perform its part in cre­ "We need a rededication of our people to those elementary vir­ ating a mutual understanding between nations and restoring peace tues of honesty, unselfishness, and love. We must have the will to the world." again to find what unites people rather than what divides them. Signed by 236 members, representing both Government and oppo­ It must become the dawn of a new era, a new age, a new civilization. sition parties, as follows: David Adams, D. M. Adams, Mrs. J. L. "By a miracle of science men can speak by radio to millions. Adamson, W. M. Adamson, Lt. Comdr. P. G. Agnew, R. N., Col. J. By a miracle of the spirit God can speak to every man. His voice Sandeman Allen, Chas. G. Ammon, Sir Robert Aske, A. Barnes, the can be heard in every home, every business, every government. Reverend James Barr, Sir Charles Barrie, Vernon Bartlett, Sir Bra­ When man listens, God speaks. When man obeys, God acts. It grave Beauchamp, the Honorable Ralph Beaumont, Sir Reginald does not matter who you are or where you are. Accurate, adequate Blair, A. C. Bossom, H. L. Boyce, William Bromfield, Brig. Gen. H. C: information can come from the mind of God to the minds of men Brown, A. c. Browne, W. A. Burke, Col. H. W. Burton, Maj. W. H. who are willing to take their orders from Him. This is the revolu­ Carver, Sir Charles W. Cayzer, Miss Thelma Cazalet, Capt: Victor tion which will change human nature and remake men and nations. Cazalet, H. C. Charleton, J. A. Christie, Sir Reginald Clarry, the "People believe that their leaders should ~ - e guided by God. But Marquess of Clydesdale, Maj. W. P. Colfax, Frank Collindridge, Sir the rank and file must be guideq, too. A God-guided public opinion T. R. M. Cook, Douglas Cooke, the Right Honorable T. M. Cooper, is the strength of the leaders. This is the dictatorship of the living Col. the Right Honorable Sir George Courthope, the Viscount Cran­ spirit of God, which gives every man the Inner discipline he needs borne, W. Craven-Ellis, A. Critchley, Brig. Gen. Sir Henry Page Croft, and the inner liberty he desires. This Is the true democracy. Sir J . s. Crooke, J . E. Crowder, Rhys Davies, R. De la Bere, A. Den­ "Our security, the world's security, lies in God-control. No other ville, Maj. J. A. St. G. F. Despencer-Robertson, W. Dobbie, Lt. Col. social, political, or economic program goes to the root of the disease George Doland, W R. Duckworth, J. A. L. Duncan, Edward Dunn, the in human nature. Only God-controlled men will make God-con­ Right Honorable Anthony Eden, Sir William Edge, Alfred Edwards, trolled nations to make a new world. In this adventure every man Sir Geoffrey Ellis, Capt. G. S. Elliston, J. F. Emery, Sir C. F. Entwistle, can find his vocation, every nation its destiny. Eric Errington, A. G. Erskine-Hill, Capt. A. Evans, Sir Henry Fildes, "The future depends not on what a few men may decide to do in Lt. Comdr. R. Fletcher, Sir Francis Fremantle, D. P. Maxwell Fyfe, Europe, but upop. what a million men decide to be in America. G. M. Garro-Janes, Maj. G. Lloyd George, J. Gibbins, Sir C. G. America, under the dominion of God, has the historic opportunity Gibson, Robert Gibson, L. H. Gluckstein, N. B. Goldie, Sir Robert of leading the nations Into the spacious freedom of a world at peace Gower, Capt. Alan Graham, R. Grant-Ferris, D. R. Grenfell, Sir within itself." Arnold Gridley, James Griffiths, Sir Edward Grigg, Tom Groves, Mr. President, I respectfully request permission to insert in the G. H. Hall, James H. Hall, S. S. Hammersley, Ian C. Hannah, Sir REcoRD at this time a few of the many striking messages received Patrick Hannon, Thomas E. Harvey, H. C. Haslam, Sir John Haslam, by the sponsors from all over the world endorsing this great move­ Arthur Henderson, Joseph Hepworth, Walter Higgs, A. Hills, H. ment. Holdsworth, Miss Florence Horsbrugh, Dr. A. B. Howitt, Sir George From members of the House of Lords: Hume, Thomas Hunter, Geoffrey, Hutchinson, William John, Sir "We, being members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, wish G. w. H. Jones, Sir H. H. Jones, J. J. Jones, Lewis Jones, E. 0. Kel­ to congratulate you at the great meeting to promote moral and lett, the Right Honorable Thomas Kennedy, Prof. J. Graham Kerr, spiritual rearmament, which is a.bout to take place in Washington. Admiral o! the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes, Lawrence Kimball, B. V. 1939 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE 6829 Kirby, Sir Joseph Q. ·Lamb, the Right Honorable George Lambert, From the members of the Parliament of Northern Ireland: the Right Honorable George Lansbury, George Lathan, Sir ,Alfred "We Members of the Commons of Northern Ireland send greet­ Law, J. J. Lawson, Frank Lee, Sir J. W. Leech, J. Lees-Jones, Maj. ings on the occasion of the National Meeting for Moral Rearma­ B. E. P. Leighton, J. R. Leslie, D. L. Lipson, James Little, 0. Locker­ ment. We believe with you in the fundamental moral and spir­ Lampson, A. M. Lyons, Gordon MacDonald, Neil Maclean, Maj. itual principles on which our fathers laid the foundations of J. R. J. Macnamara, T. Magnay, Sir Adam Maitland, S. F. Markham, democracy. Arthur Marsden, R. N., Fred Marshall, George Mathers, the Honor­ "The urgent need is for the restoration of God's authority in the ableS. A. Maxwell, M.S. McCorquodale, Frank Medlicott, Sir J. S. P. home and nation-rebuilding His standards in all relationships Mellor, F. Messer, Maj. J.D. Mills, Maj. J. Milner, Sir G. G. Mitcheson, which would bring about a full realization of the value of human Lt. Col. Sir Thomas Moore, Lt. Col. J. T. C. Moore-Brabazon, 0. T. personality and a new sense of social justice for all. Through moral Morris, Sir Henry Morris-Jones, George Muff, Godfrey Nicholson, and spiritual rearmament, democracy can best - find the inner Philip Noel-Baker, Maj. G. Owen, J. Allen Parkinson, Arthur Pearson, dynamic and spirit of self-sacrifice which make its working truly C. U. Peat, Col. Charles Ponsonby, C. C. Poole, Lt. Col. Sir Assheton creative and enable it to weave a new pattern of life, bringing all Pownall, Maj. H. A. Procter, E. A. Radford, Miss Eleanor Rathbone, peoples of the world to peaceful cooperation. Sir Cooper Rawson, Maj. R. H. Rayner, Arthur C. Reed, Sir Stanley "J. Andrews, Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister; Reed, W. A. Reid, R. Richards, G. W. Rickards, Ben Riley, J. Ritson, J. F. Gordon, Minister of Labor; Milne Barbour, Minister J. R. Robinson, Alderman W. A. Robinson, Col. Leonard Ropner, Sir of Commerce; Sir Robert Lynn, deputy speaker; and 24 s. T. Rosbotham, G. Rowlands, Admiral Sir P. M. R. Royds, Col. members, including Edmond Warnock, parliamentary Sir E. A. Ruggles-Brise, R. J. Russell, Sir Isidore Salmon, E. W. Salt, secretary to the Minister of Home Affairs; William Grant, Marcus Samuel, Sir F. B. Sanderson, Sir George Schuster, H. R. parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Labor." Selley, T. M. Sexton, Sir Ernest Shepperson, Fred B. Simpson, Alex From leading Scottish educationalists: Sloan, Lt. Col. Sir W. D. Smiles, Bracewell Smith, W. M. Snadden, "On the first birthday of moral rearmament we gratefully A. A. Somerville, W. P. Spens, W. John Stewart, W. Joseph Stewart, acknowledge the increasing impact of MRA on Scottish youth. We R. R. Stokes, Samuel Storey, Capt. W. F. Strickland, Rear Admiral are convinced that moral rearmament is Scotland's primary need Sir Murray F. Sueter, Dr. Edith Summerskill, Sh.: Robert Tasker, in education if our schools and universities are to produce the Mrs. M. C. Tate, W. R. Taylor, J.P. L. Thomas, w. J. Thorne, Peter spiritual leadership essential for world reconstruction. Thorneycroft, C. N. Thornton-Kemsley, J. J. Tinker, George Tomlin­ "W. Hamilton Fyfe, principal and vice chancelor, Aberdeen son, Sir John Train, Lt. Comdr. R. L. TUfnell, S. P. Viant, W. W. University; Alex L. Fletcher, chairman, Association of Wakefield, A. G. Walkden, Sir Jonah Walker-Smith, Sir John Ward­ Directors of Education in Scotland; J. G. Frewin, His law-Milne, F. C. Watkins, W. M. Watson, Lt. Col. Sir w. A. Wayland, Majesty's chief inspector of schools; George Pratt Insh, Harold Webbe, Graham White, Maj. J. P. Whiteley, William White­ president, Educational Institute of Scotland; E. Cramp­ ley, Lt. Col. E. T. R. Wickham, E. J. WUliams, Herbert Williams, ton Smith, president-elect, Educational Institute of Scot­ Tom Williams, Lt. Col. George Windsor-Clive, A. R. Wise, the Right land; Agnes B. Muir, past president, Educational Insti­ Honorable Viscount Wolmer, Herbert Wragg, Christopher York, Sir tute of Scotland; Pearl Kettles, vice president, Educa­ Robert Young, Sir Adrian BaUlie, Alan E. L. Chorlton, the Right tional Institute of Scotland; Margaret Drummond, Honorable J. R. Clynes, E. L. Fleming, K. C., J. S. Holmes, Robert director, Moray House Educational Clinic, Edinburgh.'' Perkins. From British sportsmen: From representatives of British labor: "United with you and American Canadian sports leaders in deter­ mination to bring Moral Re-Armament to every nation." "Attending the Labor Party conference now being held at South­ Signed by the Duke of Beaufort and 25 leading British spmtsmen. port, we rejoice to see how the ideal of moral rearmament is tak­ ing hold in the United States. To us, moral rearmament means May I say again, Mr. President, how fitting it is to record these both changed lives and a conception of society based on the prin­ messages from Great Britain in view of the great welcome which the ciples underlying Christian teaching. Belief is more than mere Nation's Capital has just given to the King and Queen, and of the expression. Faith means action-to translate the ideal into fact that moral rearmament is strengthening tho.se spiritual quali­ reality and secure that world peace combined with economic ties which are the common heritage of our peoples and the strongest security envisaged by the prophet Micah. We send across the bond between us. ' ocean greetings to men and women who, having seen the vision, From members of the Netherlands Cabinet: are prepared to strive for its achievement, and express the hope "Congratulations at first moral rearmament anniversary. Moral that there will be such a rising tide as will bring about the rearmament will enable the leaders of nations to consider unitedly establishment of God's kingdom on earth, overwhelming all and serenely problems that threaten vital interests in order to remove opposition. the hindrances to world reconstruction, building bridges between "Herbert H. Elvin, chairman of the Trades Union Congress, man and man, faction and faction, nation and nation. 1937-38; Allan A. H. Findlay, president of the Trades "J. A. N. PATIJN, Minister for Foreign Affairs. Union Congress, 1936-37; William Golightly, president "H. VAN BOEYEN, Minister jor the Interior. of the Northumberland Miners' Association; Joseph "Ch. J. I. M. WELTER, Minister for Colonies." Hallsworth, chairman of the Trades Union Congress, A message has also been received from the wives of national lead­ 1938-39; John Hill, former chairman of the Trades Union ers of the Netherlands, among them Mme. Colijn, wife of the Prime Congress; Mark Hodgson, general secretary of the Minister. Boilermakers' and Iron and Steel Shipbuilders' Union; "Moral rearmament in statesmen's homes solves personal prob­ William Hogg, treasurer of the Northumberland Miners' lems, sets energies free for constructive work, makes spiritual atmos­ Association; A. B. Swales, former chairman of the phere transparent, allows wide visions. Trades Union Congress; William Westwood, 0. B. E., "Mme. Colijn, Mme. Cort van der Linden, Mme. de Graaff, J. P., president of the Federation of Shipbuilding and Mme. van Leeuwen, Mme. van Nispen tot Sevenaer, Mme. Engineering Unions, 1937; John Willcocks, J.P., assistant Patijn, Mme. Pleijte, Mme. Rambonnet, Mme. Welter." general secretary of the Shipwrights' and Shipcon­ From the President and members of the Swiss Parliament: structors' Association." "Heartily convinced with you that it is through the moral rearma­ ment of each one of us that we shall find the solution to the diffi­ From representatives of British industry and commerce: culties that divide men and nations. "We British businessmen send greetings to American business­ "HENRI VAiLOTrON, President of Parliament. men on the occasion of the National Meeting for Moral Rearma­ "Moral rearmament, the only way to create with God's help under­ ment in Washington. standing and cooperation between nations. "Realizing that the true function of industry, commerce, and "(Dr.) HEINRICH WALTHER, trade is to supply the material needs of mankind, we desire to "Leader of the Catholic Party in the Swiss Parliament. cooperate with you to abolish economic warfare, to establish the "(Dr.) AUF DER MAUER, standards of Moral Rearmament in commercial transactions, to "Editor in Chief, Vaterland, Leading Catholic Newspaper. restore confidence to the machinery of business and thus to build "(Dr.) ZIMMERLI, on sure foundations a saner and kindlier world. "Mayor of Lucerne. "P. H. W. Almy, president, Rotary International of the "(Dr.) KARL WICK, British Isles; Peter Bennett, deputy president, Federa­ "Member of Parliament." tion of British Industries; Ernest Broadbent, president, "Best wishes for the campaign for moral rearmament in the National Chamber of Trade; Sir C. Granville Gibson, world's biggest democracy. In Switzerland, the smallest and oldest president, Association of British Chambers of Commerce; democracy, the conviction prevails that only moral rearmament can Sir Patrick Hannon, president of the National Union of give the discipline and dynamic which keep democracy eternally Manufacturers; vice president of the Federation of Brit­ young. Democracies, morally and spiritually rearmed, can lead ish Industries; Sir Walter Benton Jones, chairman of the the world to true and lasting peace. Central Council, Mining Association; Sir William Larke, "FRrrz; GYGA.X, K. B. E., director of the British Oil and Steel Federa­ "Secretary of Parliament:• tion; Sir Kenneth Lee, Chairman Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee, From members of the Danish Parliament: Co., Ltd.; Sir Frederick James Marquis, J.P., chairman of "Members of Danish Parliament greet those gathered on anniver­ Lewis', Ltd.; Henry Morgan, vice president, Association sary of moral rearmament. New spiritual attitude in the spirit of of British Chambers of Commerce, acting president, the Sermon on the Mount necessary for reconstruction, confidence, London Chamber of Commerce; Arthur Rank, director and peace in the nation and between the nations." o1 the Ge~eral Film Distrib.utors." Signed by 17 members of the Danish Parliament. 6830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8 From members of the Norwegian Parliament: It is rare in these days, Mr. President, to find something which · "Members and former members Norwegian Parliament and Gov­ will unite men and nations on a plane above conflict of party, class, Ernment appreciate backing world campaign moral rearmament, or political philosophy. I am sure that I voice the sentiment of all which must strengthen peacemaking, constructive forces." of us here today in expressing gratification at a response so remark­ Signed by 11 members, including the President of Parliament, the able to a need so urgent, and confidence that America will play her Honorable Carl J. Hambro. full part in this cause on whose fortunes the future of civilization From members of the Swedish Parliament: must largely depend. "As members of the Swedish Riksdag we welcome your lead for world-wide moral rearmament. In personal and public life we must GERMAN REFUGEE CHILDREN-ADDRESS BY SENATOR WAGNER develop capacity for living and working together in openness and [Mr. LA FoLLETTE asked and obtained leave to have printed unselfishness. This is the only way from chaos to lasting peace." Signed by 16 members of all parties in both Houses. in the RECORD a radio address on the subject of German refugee children, delivered by Senator WAGNER on June 7, From members of the Finnish Parliament: "We, members of the Finnish Parliament from five political par­ 1939, which appears in the Appendix.] ties, see in moral rearmament the only right· way to na-:: ~ onal unity, REFUGEE CHILDREN FROM GERMANY-LETTER BY WILLIAM B. international understanding, and a hate-free world." GRIFFITH Signed by representatives of the Nationalist, Labor, Swedish, Farmers, and Conservative Parties. [Mr. REYNOLDS asked and obtained leave to have printed in From Balkan leaders: the RECORD a letter addressed by William B. Griffith, chair­ "We, the undersigned members of the Balkan countries, are con­ man of the Immigration Restriction League of New York, to vinced that through the spirit of moral rearmament barriers of the editor of the New York Times on the subject of the selfishness, hatred, and prejudice can be removed, and bridges of understanding built between factions and nations. . admission of refugee children from Germany, which appears "Through morally rearmed homes, schools, social and national in the Appendix.] life, a new consciousness can arise whereby a true and lasting AMENDMENT OF NATIONAL HOUSING ACT OF 1937 peace will be established not only in the Balkan countries but all over Europe, for a peaceful and united Balkans, constructed on the The Senate resumed the consideration of the bill (S. 591) foundations of honesty, confidence, and love, will be a vital factor to amend the United States Housing Act of 1937, and for !n the peace and security of the world. "We unitedly Eend our greetings and best wishes that your cam­ other purposes. paign may create a spiritual powerhouse for world reconstruction. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to "Moshanoff, President, Bulgarian Parliament; Omarchevsky, the amendments offered by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. former Minister of Education; Nemiroff, leading Bul­ TAFT]. garian writer; Mechkaroff, leading Bulgarian writer; Teneff, newspaper director, Sofia; Dikoff, professor of Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, when the Senate began the international law, Sofia; Mme. Contostavlos, Mistress of consideration of the bill now pending I sent to the desk a the Robes, Athens, Greece; Mme. Bimaras, president, Na­ letter from President William Green, of the American Fed­ tional Council of Women; Zeferiadis, professor of inter­ national law, Athens; Louvaris, professor of theology, eration of Labor, speaking for a membership of some 5,000,- Athens; Plakidis, professor of astronomy, Athens; Pota­ 000 American workmen, endorsing completely the measure. mianos, shipowner, Athens." I now send to the desk a letter which I have received from Mr. President, scores of other communications have been received John L. Lewis, president of the Congress of Industrial Or­ by the sponsors, including messages from the Honorable B. S. B. ganizations. I ask that the letter from Mr. Lewis be read. Stevens, Prime Minister of New South Wales; from the President of the Esthonian National Council, M. Mihkel Pung; from the Hon­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the letter will orable E. G. Jansen, Speaker of the South African Legislative Assem­ be read, as requested. bly; from the Lord Mayor of London, the Right Honorable Sir Frank The Chief Clerk read the letter, as follows: H. Bowater, and fqrty-five Mayors of London boroughs; the Lord mayor of Dublin, the Right Honorable Alfred Byrne; the Lord Mayor CONGRESS OF INDUSTR.IAL ORGANIZATIONS, of Belfast, the Right Honorable Sir Crawford McCUllagh; the Lord Washington, D. 0., June 7, 1939. Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman W. G. Howell; the Lord Provost of Edin­ Hon. RoBERT F. WAGNER, burgh, the Right Honorable Henry Steele; the Lord Provost of Glas­ United States Senate, Washington, D. 0. gow, the Right Honorable Patrick DoHan, and one hundred and DEAR SENATOR WAGNER: I understand that the Senate is now twenty-one other provosts of Scottish towns; from Mr. Joseph considering S. 591, introduced by you, which increases the authori­ Hallsworth, Chairman of the British Trades Union Congress; from zation to borrow on the part of the United States Housing Au­ Senator D. F. Malan, leader of the Huguenot Centenary Celebra­ thority an additional $800,000,000 and appropriates $45,000,000 for tions, Union of South Africa; from Senator Edgar Brookes, repre­ grants and subsidies. senting one million Zulus in the South African Parliament; from The Congress of Industrial Organizations is wholeheartedly in the Mayor of Cape Town, Mr. William C. Foster; from Sir Lynden favor of such increased authorization and appropriation. The Macassey, K. B. E., K. C., Parliamentary Bar, Westminster. country has come to appreciate the importance of a Nation-wide Also from a number of distinguished French university professors; public housing program. The need for adequate housing has re­ from representative journalists in Great Britain, including the chair­ ceived universal recognition. In addition to taking care of the man of the Institute of Journalists, and the president of the Na­ needs of thousands of people, additional employment is provided tional Union of Journalists; also from editors and journalists in which is of such great importance at the present time. France, Holland, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Hungary; The Congress of Industrial Organizations has merely one com­ from representative national women's organizations in Great Brit­ plaint in regard to S. 591, namely, that the authorization for in­ ain, the Scandinavian countries, and France; from Miss Daphne du creased borrowing and appropriation falls far short of the ne€ds M;aurier; and from groups of writers, artists, engineers, and profes­ of this country. sors in Great Britain, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Fin­ Sincerely yours, land; from the Duke of Beaufort and other leading British and Con­ JoHN L. LEWis, President. tinental sportsmen; and from representative groups in Australia, Belgium, Bermuda, Burma, Ceylon, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, the other day, when the It:aly, Japan, Kenya, New Zealand, Palestine, Turkey, the West Indies, Senator from Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] was discussing this Yugoslavia, and all parts of the United States and Canada. legislation he made the statement--! am sure inadvertently­ From British mothers: that the Federal Administrator was permitting localities in "We, 3,500 mothers of the British Isles are working with you for most cases to make up 10 percent of the construction cost moral rearmament, believing peace can only come through homes and families united under God's guidance to find His plan for the of the projects under its jurisdiction, simply by the allow­ world." ance of tax exemption. Among the signatories are factory workers, country women, do­ I stated at the time that I was sure the Senator was in­ mestic worker~. Members of Parliament, women in business and correct and that the law did not permit any such allow­ public affairs, including: The Lady Elphinstone; Mrs. Asa Johnson, ances, but that the 10 percent had to be put up by the president, National Council of Women of Great Britai~; Mrs. Theo­ dore ·woods, president, Mothers' Union; Dame Maria Ogilvie Gordon, locality in cash. The Senator then stated, I think-his president, National Women's Citizens Association; Mrs. James, recollection is better than mine-that if that was so the . president, Free Church Women's Council; Dame Elizabeth Cadbury, Administrator had violated the law. ' president, National Association of Women Workers; Dame Katherine Furze, director, World Bureau Girl Scouts; the Viscountess Davidson, In view of the controversy, I think it is fair to the Ad­ M. P.; the Countess of Airlie; the Dowager Countess of Minto; the ministrator that I have read from the desk a letter which Dowager Countess of Antrim; the Countess Buxton; the Countess of he sent to me in relation to the matter. Harrowby; the Viscountess Stonehaven; the Lady Birdwood; the Is Honorable Lady Hardinge; the Lady Trent; Lady Gowers; Dame The VICE PRESIDENT. there objection to having the Beatrix Hudson-Lyall; Dame Sybil Thorndilre; Julia Neilson-Terry; letter read? The Chair hears none, and the letter will be Mrs. H. W. Austin, and M;rs. Frank Salisbury. read. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6831 The Chief Clerk read as follows: authority more than enough to liquidate the local authority's DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, loan to the United States Housing Authority in Washington. UNITED STATE'S HOUSING AUTHORITY, Therefore, as I stated the other day, in the end the United Washington. States Housing Authority is giving 90 percent of the cost MY DEAR SENATOR WAGNER: I have received your inquiry con­ cerning a statement made by Senator TYDINGS on the Senate floor of each and every one of these projects to the municipality on June 6 to the effect that the 10 percent of the develop~ent or its agency, free of any cost whatever to the municipality cost of a low-rent housing project, which is supposed to be raised or its agency. It is true that when the local authority comes locally, is covered by tax exemptions. Upon examination of the RECORD, page 6670, I find that Senator TYDING: said: "The 10 per­ to Washington and gets 90 percent of the development cost cent is interpreted merely as remission of taxes. • • • The of a project, it agrees to pay that 90 percent back to the municipalities • • • simply agree that they will waive cer­ Federal Authority over a period of 60 years; but in the same tain taxes on these houses in the future, and that is a violation contract the United States Housing Authority agrees to of the 10-percent clause. • • • Mr. Keyserling himself in my office told me that they were taking this 10 percent in the form give to the local authority, each year for 60 years, a sum of a waiver of taxes." of money more than sufficient to pay the principal and the This statement is entirely incorrect. The 10 percent of the de­ yearly interest on the ~0-percent loan originally made; and velopment cost of a low-rent housing project that is required to the fact stands out in clear relief that the United States be raised locally cannot be covered in any way by tax exemptions under the United States Housing Act. It therefore goes without Housing Authority is giving to the cities and towns of saying that no arrangements have ever been made or contem­ ·America more than 90 percent of the entire cost of con­ plated to cover this 10 percent in any way by tax exemptions structing every slum-project building from one end of the for any project ever assisted by ,the United States Housing Au­ thority. Furthermore, it would be physically impossible to cover country to the other. this 10 percent by tax exemptions. Under the act the United In my opinion, when the Federal Government goes into the States Housing Authority can lend not more than 90 percent of business of providing homes for the people of America, it is the development cost of a project. It is obvious that the other going far out of its national field. It is going into the field 10 percent must come in cash from local sources before the project can be completed, and that future tax exemption cannot pay of local responsibility, and is taking from the locality al­ contractors to complete a project. most in its entirety supervision over the housing of the peo­ There are no subsidies or capital grants in the development or ple of the Nation, a matter formerly under the supervision of construction costs of U. S. H. A. assisted projects. The projects the locality itself. are financed entirely by loans, 90 percent of the construction loans being borrowed by the local housing authority from the Federal It is my thought that the Housing Act ought to be re­ Government and 10 percent of the construction loans being vised. It is my thought that the localities-the cities, the borrowed by the local housing authority from sources other than towns, and the States--ought to have a wider share in the the Federal Government, whether they be public sources or pri­ vate sources. The loans borrowed from the Federal Government solution of this problem. Today the Federal Government is are repaid in full, principal and interest, by the local authority; paying more than 90 percent of the entire cost of tearing and the loans borrowed from sources other than the Federal Gov­ down the old buildings and putting up the new buildings; ernment are repaid in full, principal and interest, by the local and I do not think that is a very good approach to the housing authority. All the Federal and local subsidies or annual contributions to solution of this problem. reduce rents are paid strictly on an annual basis after the proj­ Mark you, Mr. President, the annual contributions which ects have been completed. These annual subsidies are paid by the the Federal Government makes to the local authority are Federal Government in cash, and are paid by the localities in one called subsidies, but the local authority uses the money to or several of the forms permitted by the act, namely, "cash or tax remissions, general or special, or tax exemptions" (sec. 10 (a)). pay off the loan which it owes to the national authority. In practice, the localities have furnished their local annual con­ I cannot see any reason for sending money to Chicago or to tributions largely in the form of tax exemptions. On the average, Baltimore or to New York in one mail, having the check de­ the local annual contributions or subsidies are running about 50 percent of the Federal annual contributions or subsidies. posited, and then having the local authority write out a new I would not deem it necessary to Write you assuring you that we check for the same amount and send it back to the local are following the letter and the spirit of the .United States Housing authority and say, "Pay this amount on our loan as this Act, with which you are so familiar, had you not called to my atten­ year's contribution." In other words, the local authority tion the statement made yesterday to the effect that we were doing something which, under the statute, we have no right to do. receives from Washington, each year, a check, and sends the Faithfully yours, amount of the check back to Washington to pay off that NATHAN STRAUS, Administrator. year's amortization and interest. Han. RoBERT F. WAGNER, I know that what I have to say here is not going to change United States Senate. any votes. I do not believe many Senators are familiar with Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, the statement which I this act in its ramifications. It certainly is administered made, quoting Mr. Keyserling, the assistant to Mr. Straus, differently from what I conceived to be its general explana­ was an accurate statement. However, I believe Mr. Keyser­ tion at the time it was passed. In my judgment, within 3 or ling at the time thought I had directed my question to the 4 years from now this will be another Greenbelt proposition; rent subsidy. In quoting him, I quoted him verbatim. I be­ and then speeches will be made in this body by the very lieve he had in mind something foreign to the question I ad­ Senators who now, with a little care, could change the policy dressed to him, and that probably is the reason for my so as to prevent such a situation from arising. misunderstanding of the practice of the United States I put in the RECORD the other day a chart drawn by the Housing Authority. survey department of this agency. The chart showed that Commenting on the letter which Mr. Straus has sent, persons earning $2,500 a year were occupying some of the however, let me say that the letter leaves the listener under projects built by the Federal Government before the United a false impression. While it is accurate, nevertheless the in­ States Housing Authority was created. ference which it conveys is not accurate; for Mr. Straus says I put in the REcoRD charts showing that families making that the loans of 90 percent which the United States Housing $2,000 a year, $2,200 a year, $1,800 a year, $2,500 a year, were Authority makes to the local authorities are repaid, prin­ living in these Government-con5tructed houses, when they cipal and interest, by the local authorities to the national are supposed to be built for the very poor, the lowest-income authority. That is a correct statement; but what Mr. Straus groups of the Nation. did not say is that the Federal Government gives to the local If we take the financial break-down of these houses, in my authorities each year the ;money with which to pay the prin­ judgment we will find it is not going to be possible for the cipal and the interest of the 90-percent loans. So, in the people for whom they are built to live in them unless they end-and I do not think the Senator from New York will get money from relief appropriations in order to pay a part take issue with this statement--the Federal Government of the rent. The whole scheme is so visionary, so unreal, makes a contract to give to the local authority each year and so detached from local responsibility, that in the end it what the local authority is required to pay to the national is going to be revised. At least my remarks may have the Authority to liquidate the principal and interest on the loan effect of hastening the day, and may save Government some originally made; not only that much, but it gives the local hundreds of millions, a mere drop in the bucket, to be sure, 6832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8 but I shaH be grateful if I can contribute a little toward that was a subsidy given by the cities to the particular project saving a portion of the billion, six hundred million dollars, to bring down the rents. But that has nothing to do with which is the total which will be authorized by the pending the repayment of the loans of the local authorities to the measure and the previous acts. National Government. If we are to rehabilitate the underhoused third of this Mr. TAFT. Mr. President- Nation, the 8,000,000 families about whom the Chief Execu­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MINToN in the chair). tive and others high in authority in this administration talk, Does the Senator from Maryland yield to the Senator from and if we are to rehabilitate them at a cost of $5,000 a Ohio? family, it will require $40,000,000,000. It is not possible to Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. get away from . the fact that eight million times $5,000 is Mr. TAFT. The Senator understands, I assume, that $40,000,000,000; and that is about the size of the national these subsidy payments are not only sufficient to pay the debt now. 90 percent which is loaned by the Federal Government, but Further than that, Congress will be committed each year, also sufficient to pay the sinking fund and the 10 percent by contract, to appropriate for th~ benefit of these local which is borrowed locally from some other lender. housing authorities an amount sufficient to enable them to Mr. TYDINGS. That is absolutely correct. The Senator pay off the entire $40,000,000,000, if the program goes that knows that in my remarks on Tuesday I took as an illustra­ far. tion a million-dollar project, and using the exact figures of These houses are not being built by the States or the cities the United States Housing Authority, showed that each year or the towns of America; they are being built by the national they sent a sufficient amount of money to the local housing Treasury. Let me bring up a point in connection with that. authority not only to enable the Housing Authority to pay If one picks up a financial statement of the Government off the 90 percent which it had borrowed from the Federal at no place will he find that a single dollar being spent for Government, principal and interest, but, in addition a sum the United States Housing Authority is charged as a part sufficient to amortize the 10 percent which the cities are of the national debt. This is the way they get around that. required to put up in cash. I think that is the point to The United States Housing Authority gives its notes to the which the Senator from Ohio refers. Federal Treasury, the Federal Treasury sells the notes and There is not a particle of doubt that every year we are hands the money back to the Housing Authority, and the by congressional appropriation giving to the local housing Housing Authority lends the money to the cities. Yet the authority enough money to pay off, over a period of 60 Federal Government owes every dollar of that money, be­ years, the entire cost, principal and interest, of erecting cause in every one of these contracts there is a provision that every project in this country. the Congress shall annually appropriate for the cities an Perhaps the Senate wants that done. I do not believe amount of money sufficient to enable them to repay the it is necessary to spend $5,000 per family in order to clear loans. Consequently, if we did not make these annual con­ up the slums of this Nation. I do not believe it is nec­ tributions the notes would be in default, and there would be essary in all cases to demolish the buildings which are now a direct charge on the Federal Treasury to make them good. standing. I believe that they can be renovated; I believe So, on the enactment of the pending measure, we will in they can be modernized; I believe that the facilities which effect be committed, as a matter of bookkeeping and of might be required to raise them to what we may call a fact, to a national debt of a billion six hundred million dol­ decent standard of American living can be installed in these lars, in addition to all the other debts which the Federal houses. To be sure, I believe that some of them ought to Government owes. Yet if one picked up a financial statement come down; I believe that some of them are unfitted for of the Government he would not think the Federal Govern­ renovation, but I do not believe that in every case it is nec­ ment had a cent of liability in this matter, when it is liable essary to tear the buildings down and erect in their places for every single, solitary cent of this appropriation, because, modern apartment buildings for people who are making as I repeat, the loan is to be paid off by annual appropria­ four, five, six, seven, or eight hundred dollars a year. My tions of so much money by the Congress of the United common sense tells me that when they are constructed, even States. with the rent subsidies and the low rents, families making If I recall rightly, this $1,600,000,000 authorization will five, six, seven, of eight hundred dollars a year are not going mean an annual charge on the Treasury of about $45,000,000 to be able to pay the rent charged in such expensive buildings, a year. Every time the amount is increased, it means an and that the time will come, in the years that are ahead, added annual charge for 60 years. So that when we in­ when the housing authorities will be more interested in run­ crease the amount of the loan, we commit the Congresses ning the projects on a business basis than on a human­ which are to come to pay each year a definite sum of money interest basis. When that time comes, we will have com­ to liquidate the debt. mitted the Government to these expenses of hundreds of No one is disputing the statement that the cities of the millions of dollars without accomplishing the purpose we country are putting up practically nothing toward the de­ have in mind. velopment costs of these buildings; no one disputes the state­ Further than that, there is no provision in the bill to take ment that the Federal Government annually is putting up care of the poor housing conditions in the countryside. It sufficient money to liquidate the entire loan; that the Con­ applies only to the cities of America. I give my word that gress, not the local authority, each year is paying off these within an hour I can go from the Senate Chamber into either loans we are authorizing to be created, because the Congress Virginia or Maryland, which I hope are average States, and appropriates a sum of money for the local authority, which I can show hovels in which people are living far below the the local authority immediately sends back to the National standard of many of the homes which are being demolished Authority to pay off the bill. Without the annual appropria­ in the cities under the Housing Act. Inasmuch as all the tions, which are guaranteed in these contracts, there would initial cost of this renovation is directly and indirectly being not be any repayment of the loans at all. The Congress is paid for by the Government of the United States, I ask why committed to appropriate each year a sufficient amount to are those living in the countryside in small, insecure, and wipe out the entire $1,600,000,000 with interest in 60 years unsafe houses without modern conveniences entirely left out without any contribution at all from the cities, the towns, or of the operation of the law, while all this Federal money is the States of the United States. being poured into the larger cities of the country? Housing Mr. President, I have tried to explain the matter in my knows no geographic location. way, and I hope I have explained it accurately. I was in Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? error in one statement yesterday-that the 10 percent was in Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. the form of waived taxes and was not in cash. Mr. Keyserling Mr. WAGNER. I have drawn an amendment, which I pro­ told me that it was, and I could not see how that could be pose to offer, to take care of the ·very situation the Senator done under the law. What Mr. Keyserling meant was that now criticizes, namely, that under the present program the 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6833 U. S. H. A. is not reaching· the rural sections of the country Mr. President, in what I am saying i have no idea of de­ where there are many blighted areas. The amendment is feating the slum-clearance movement; I have no idea of now printed. It has been discussed with the Secretary of saying that the slum situation does not present a problem; Agriculture, as well as with the Administrator and others I have no idea of throwing cold water on the whole discus­ interested in the agricultural areas, in order that there may sion. I am trying to deal with facts and figures as they be developed a cooperative program between the Department have been presented to me by the United States Housing of Agriculture and the Housing Administration for the pur­ Authority, and as I have learned them from a study. of the pose of dealing with rural sections somewhat differently from law, in the hope that Congress will not commit itself to the the way in which we are now dealing with the more con­ further expenditure of hundreds of millions of dollars until gested areas of the country. it knows exactly how the money is going to be expended, Mr. TYDINGS. I have not seen the Senator's amendment, whether this is the best way we can do it, and whether or and, of course, the whole approach to that problem will have not there are improvements which can be engrafted on the to be entirely different, because there is not the governmental present system. responsibility out on a farm, or out on a little patch of land When the act was originally passed it received very scant alongside of the road. But I make the point that if this pro­ attention on the floor of the Senate. Only a few Senators gram is to go forward it ought not to be confined to special to my knowledge had any profound understanding of it. I groups such as are found in the larger cities of the country; do not believe that the sponsors of the act themselves had but if there is a standard of living erected in this country, it considered all its ramifications. Now that Congress has be­ ought to take care of the dilapidated houses in the country fore it the experience of the last 2 or 3 years in this activity, districts the same as it takes care of those in the cities. I ask that some action be taken short of what is proposed. Mr. WAGNER. That is the very purpose of this particular In conclusion let me say that there are practically no amendment. We have to deal somewhat differently with the houses now completed as a result of the first six or eight farm houses than with the houses built in congested areas. hundred million dollars which we authorized. Contracts The amendment proVides that eventually the farmer may have been made. Some houses are under construction, but own his home, or rent it. a large part of that program is not even yet under way. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I have not seen the Sen­ Why put on the line $800,000,000 more until enough of these ator's amendment. projects are finished so we can see whether or not the pro­ Mr. WAGNER. It has been available for several days. gram is going to be efficacious? Why go further into this Mr. TYDINGS. I may say that I am talking without hav­ program now when the original appropriations which we ing had a chance to read the amendment; or, what is more, made have not yet been exhausted, when the work in some. to study it. Sometimes just reading these amendments, as I cases has not yet been started, when the buildings in most have discovered from reading the United States Housing cases have not been completed, when today no one can tell Authority Act, gives one very little information. We must whether or not the dreams of the authors of this act will dig into the mechanics of a proposal and find out its ramifi­ become practical realities? cations. Mr. President, I say that we should move a little slowly Mr. WAGNER. It depends on how one reads it. before we commit the Treasury of the United States to Mr. TYDINGS. Yes. For example, the United States another expenditure of almost $1,000,000,000 in carrying out Housing Authority Act in no place provides that the United a plan which has not as yet been tried and tested and found States Housing Authority shall annually give to the locality to fill the need. a sum of money greater than the locality's need to pay off Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I merely wish to add a few brief the loan to the United States Housing Authority. The power words to explain the amendments now pending before the· is simply a general power. There is no limitation placed on Senate, and what it is I suggest should be done with respect to the amount. One reading the act would assume that there the housing policy. would be a very low annual payment; but when he digs into The amendments now pending propose that the contribu­ the figures, when he sees what has been done, he realizes tion be cut from $45,000,000 a year to $30,000,000 a year, and that the United States Housing Authority is giving to the that the total amount authorized be cut from $800,000,000 local authority not only sufficient money for the local au­ to $400,000,000 a year. Up to date $650,000,000 has been thority to pay off in full the 90-percent loan which it· owes allotted, and that is all that can be allotted of the first the Government, but enough money to liquidate the 10 per­ $800,000,000, so that if the amendment is adopted the Au­ cent which the cities of America have to put up as a condition thority will be given for allotment after the 1st of July an precedent to the loan. additional $550,000,000. The Authority has allotted only My objection to the program is based primarily on the fact $650,000,000 in the 18 months during which it has actually that the Federal Government, our Republic, which was con­ operated, and has not as yet completed a building. structed to deal with things with which the communities The peak of construction under the former program, under could not deal, is now reaching out into the field of com­ the $650,000,000 allotted, will not be reached until January munity affairs, not in a spirit of general helpfulness, not in 1940, and then, if we pass no additional legislation, construc­ a spirit of match and match, not in a spirit of mutual co­ tion will continue for about 4 months at that peale If we operation, but, in effect, the Federal Government is taking give the Authority an additional $550,000,000, we can go on at over the cost, so to speak, of the construction of new apart­ that rate of construction for a full year and more, from May ment houses to replace the slums. That is my basic objection 1940 to May 1941; in other words, if my amendment is to· the program. adopted, there will not be the slightest interference with the I think the States and the cities ought 'to have some larger work; in fact, we will give people more work. stake in the matter than they have. The problem in its The question of providing work in this emergency does not essence, of course, is national in scope, just as every other really arise, because it takes at least a year before any of thing that goes wrong with our country constitutes a na­ these projects can be started. If the pending measure is tional problem. But it is also a local problem, and it is passed, it will take approximately 2 years to spend the more of a local problem than it is a national problem. money; so if my amendment is adopted, we will not interfere Therefore I am hopeful', first, that nothing will be done to with the progress of the work in any way. appropriate more money to this agency until the entire law The purpose of my second amendment is to create a joint and the practices of the United States Housing Authority committee to investigate the actiVities of the Federal Gov­ can be restudied, and the act refined and improved to meet ernment in the field of housing, particularly as administered the demands for which it was originally passed. by the United States Housing Authority, the Federal Housing Secondly, if we cannot have that, I am at least hopeful Administration, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, and that we can reduce the amount of the appropriation until· other agencies of a temporary or emergency character. It we shall have had further time for study and examination. should have ample time in which to do its work, and time to '6834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE suggest a unified t>olicy instead of a three-pronged policy in and pay the rent, are occupying homes under a Government which one division has no relation to another division, so subsidy, to the disadvantage of every other man, woman, that 1 year from now, after the committee shall have made and child. If that be the policy of the Government, then its report, we can decide whether we want to go on with this every man, woman, and child has a right to occupy a Fed­ program, whether there is some cheaper way to do it, whether eral paid-for home on the same basis, which means State so­ we have to subsidize the construction, and whether we cialism and the ultimate destruction of private ownership of should extend the program to rural housing. The need for property. The head of one of the colored families in the the establishment of such a committee is I think emphasized, section to which I referred is a school teacher receiving if anything, by the amendment offered by the Senator from $2,200 a year. Such people with comparatively large incomes New York [Mr. WAGNER] with respect to rural housing. are housed with Government subsidies in all the earlier hous­ Let me read a portion of the Senator's amendment. It is ing projects. I have seen the same situation in other cities an amendment with respect to rural housing, substantially with beautiful, attractive, comfortable homes which have no affecting the whole subject of how we are to handle the justification unless all our citizens are given the same benefits. question of rural housing. It was never presented to the In my opinion such things are indefensible. I repeat it is Committee on Education and Labor. We did not hear of it the beginning of the end of private ownership of homes. until yesterday. I am, however, ready to vote for it. At the outset I took the position, and I now take the posi­ The Authority is hereby authorized and directed to develop and tion, that slum clearance, and slum clearance alone, is a legi­ undertake a comprehensive program to assist public housing timate, justifiable, and humane undertaking on the part of agencies in the development and administration of projects for our Government. I supported and defended the bill of the farm families of low income in rural areas. last session, with the hope and expectation that the act would Does that mean an apartment house in a rural area, or be administered with the sole objective of slum clearance in does it mean individual homes, or what does it mean? I do view. Again and again I have combatted those who talked not have the slightest idea. about homes for low-income groups. There is a slum group in contradistinction to the low-income group. If the low­ To make long-term leases or purchase agreem~nts or otherwise to rent or sell rural housing to farmers. income group means those with incomes of $800 or $1,000 a year, then every man and woman who toils in the factory Is the Government going to own farm houses all over the town where I live and where you live is in the low-income United States and rent individual farm houses to farmers; group; and yet many of them, through thrift and industry and if so, is it going to own the farms and rent them to over the years, have built homes and provided comfortable farmers? I do not know. surroundings for themselves and their children. I am willing to vote for the amendment, but it emphasizes I am opposed to going into the business of building homes the fact that we do not know what our farm policy is, and we for low-income groups, because such a program means homes should go slow on this part of it, which is by far the most for millions, which would swamp the Public Treasury. I am expensive part of it, and we ought to create a committee to not now talking about loans at low rates of interest to the investigate the entire subject. That, Mr. President, is the low-income group to help them build homes. purpose of the amendment. When this subject was first taken up it was estimated that I hope very much that the Senate may see fit to adopt the an investment of $60,000,000,000 would be required to remove two amendments I have offered, which provide that we shall the slums in this country, and $15,000,000,000 in the city of proceed at the present rate for another year, and in the New York alone. Think what the cost will be if we go beyond meantime create a committee to investigate the whole prob­ the slum-cl:arance idea. lem of housing. I am strongly and sincerely devoted to the poor men and Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, as a member of the Com­ women who live in slums. I want to see them taken out of mittee on Education and Labor, I desire to speak briefly on the slums and given a home and a rent subsidy. I intend to this subject. First of all, I think we should distinguish the vote for the bill, but I give warning that if the program which undertakings of the Federal Government in the housing field is now being carried out and is not completed-it is unfor­ between what was originally undertaken by the agency lo­ tunate because of the short time that we have not some defi­ cated in the Department of the Interior during the early days nite results from the money already spent--the whole under­ of the emergency or depression and that which is being car­ taking will be blown out of Congress in a whirlwind of oppo­ ried on under the housing law of the last session. I have sition if the people of the country come to realize that slum nothing but words of condemnation and criticism of the clearance means homes for low-income groups of a limited method in which money was spent by the Department of the number who have a sufficient pull iocally to become favored Interior through the then Housing Authority in building tenants. houses, not for the poor but the middle class. Even the There is not a Senator who would not vote the money to claim that it would provide work for craftsmen who were provide a home to a real slum dweller or to the washer­ then unemployed does not justify this. They could and woman with a family of young children, who goes out and should have been slum-clearance projects solely. We know toils nights in a big office building in one of our cities. There the result of that experience. Such a program is nothing is not a Senator who would not give a home to a man who is more nor less than State socialism. It is nothing more crippled and injured from carrying the burdens of industry nor less than Government in competition with the small­ and who is left without an income for the support of his wife home owners of the country. and children. That is slum clearance. Those are the people In Washington, D. C., there is such a Federal housing de­ to whom I want to give this money. I am for subsidies first velopment on Benning Road for colored people. When the and foremost to the lowest-income class. I hope and pray Government found it could not receive sufficient income even that the present activities of the Federal Government are to pay the interest on its investment in the earlier home­ moving in that direction, but if they are not the conse­ project undertakings we passed a law permitting the rental quences will fall very heavily upon those who undertake to to be fixed on a basis 40 percent less than the investment impede a proper development of a real slum-clearance pro­ cost. Even with that rental fixed there is not a colored fam­ gram. ily in that housing project which does not have to show an Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? income of at least $100 a month. In the barber shop this Mr. WALSH. I yield. morning one of the colored barbers informed me casually Mr. KING. In view of the unsatisfactory situation under that a friend of his showed an income of $17 a week, and he the present act, in view of the fact that no houses have been could not obtain a tenement in this development. The same completed, and in view of the fact that the evidences which situation prevailed in all these earlier Federal housing have thus far been adduced indicate that the houses are not projects. for people from the slums but for the low-income groups, What does that mean? It means that those who have po­ does not the Senator believe we ought to postpone consider­ litical favor or infiuence, or who can pull sufficient strings ation of the bill until the next session of Congress? We have 1939. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6835 already appropriated $800,000,000. Commitments have been from year to year large expenditures to try to solve thts made to the extent of $650,000,000. There is still $150,000,000 problem. subject to commitment. In view of the fact that no houses Mr. President, I have spoken longer than I had intended. have yet been built, why would it not be wise to pretermit I feel so sincerely and so deeply on the question of slum clear­ any further discussion of the bill and wait until we see the ance that I would consider, if I had done nothing else during effects of the present law? the years of my public service than to have had a part and a Mr. WALSH. The question which the Senator has pro­ share in promoting the welfare of humanity by improving pounded has troubled me. I should much prefer to face the housing conditions of the people of the Nation and wiping the issue after a demonstration of what had been done out the slums, I would have performed a worth-while service. under the recent act. The Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] On the other hand, I think I could do real injury to the is a member of the subcommittee. He presented his views people of the country if the money appropriated for slum to our ·committee as he expressed them on the floor. He clearance should be diverted into competition with the owners has been devotedly interested in trying to find a safe solu­ of private property and in destroying the initiative of those tion of the problem. He knows how I feel. I am so keenly who own property and who desire to occupy and rent their and sincerely and deeply interested in eliminating slums homes. that I am willing to take another chance; but it is the last I am waiving all doubt; I am taking the liberty of hoping chance. that this desirable work will go ahead; but let me say here In many States there are statutes which permit a city that if a bill on this subject again comes before the Senate, if government to designate a particular area as a slum area I am in this Chamber, no one will more bitterly denounce, and tear down the buildings without paying a cent of money. more severely condemn it than will I, unless I find in the A real slum is an open sore. It is a breeder of disease. It homes in the large cities God's poor, the suffering men and contaminates the whole public health. Slum clearance is women who really need aid, the lowest class-not merely the more important than education. It is more important than low-income group, which means nearly everybody, but the any other governmental activity. The first function of lowest income group; and there is a great distinction. government is the preservation and protection of health, So, Mr. President, these are my views. maintaining physical beings who are capable of earning a Mr. LUNDEEN. Mr. President-- livelihood and defending their country. As I view it, edu­ Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Minnesota. cation is second in importance. Third in importance is pro­ Mr. LUNDEEN. If my recollection serves me aright, the viding opportunities for employment. President of the United States, on the Capitol steps, stated So we are dealing with a primary question, a very simple that one-third of the Nation was "ill-housed, ill-clothed, and question, and a very human question, the question of elim­ ill-fed." That is ·quite a large number, and I am very much inating slums in distinction from mere housing building interested in the statement of the able Senator from with the taxpayer's money and giving rent subsidies in Massachusetts. addition. Mr. WALSH. Someone has said that every man and I do not mean what I have said to be taken as criticism. woman who toils ought to receive an income sufficient to give I have an open mind. I do not share the view of the Sen­ him and his family the frugal comforts of life--"frugal" is a ator that the undertakings to date have indicated that good word-"the frugal comforts of life." I think the Presi­ what I hope and expect will not be realized. dent in making that statement had in mind that one-third We want plain, simple homes for the people who live in did not pos-sess the "frugal comforts of life." I do not think slums. Have we not learned anything from Europe? They he meant to say that one-third of the people of this country are really clearing up their slums. were poverty stricken or without clothing or without shelter. I think I am expressing the President's own view. He Mr. President, I again express the hope that when we desires, hopes, and expects that simple, clean, plain, solid, meet again, aiter we see the results of the expenditures that substantial homes would be built for those people, homes have been made and of the work that may be undertaken that are above w:Qat they now have, and yet not beyond under the pending bill, we will be able to rejoice and be the home of the man or woman who toils, sacrifices, and happy and hold up our heads and feel that we have done labors to provide a home for his family. one of the greatest services to human beings in taking them There is danger of actually going into competition with out of insanitary, unhealthy, diseased, dilapidated homes the poor workingmen and women who own homes or who and giving them a chance to breathe God's fresh air and aspire to own homes. If we are not careful, we shall de­ enjoy peace and plenty in life. stroy all initiative in our people to provide homes for them­ Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, the Senate has been con­ selves. However, when we come to the question of real, sidering the pending bill for 3 days, and it is not my purpose disease-breeding slums, we have a primary duty and obliga­ or intention to indulge in any further details with respect to tion, because if disease comes out of the slums, slum clear­ the measure. I do ask, however, that the amendments sub­ ance is a benefit not only to the slum dwellers themselves mitted by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAF'i'] be rejected. but to the people who live about them and to the whole The adoption of the first two amendments proposed by him community. would simply mean that the rate of rehousing activity con­ While I am on my feet, I wish to say a few more words of templated under the original legislation and under the amend­ another aspect of slum clearance. We--I mean we public ments of the Housing Act adopted last year and those now servants--are largely responsible for the slum conditions of proposed by the bill under consideration would be cut very the country. Slums are largely due to a lack of education. drastically; moreover, it would cut in half the volume of the I do not mean education in schools. They are largely due new activity contemplated by the pending bill. to a failure to insist upon the enforcement of the sanitary Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? laws of cities and towns. If the officials had gone into the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MINTON in the chair). homes that have become so dilapidated and neglected and Does the Senator from Louisiana yield to the Senator from warned their occupants that they were creating a public Ohio? nuisance, and had insisted upon the proper observance of Mr. ELLENDER. I yield. laws on sanitation during the years that have passed, a Mr. TAFI'. How could that possibly be so under the amend­ period when a large number of recent immigrants came ment I have offered? How could the work be cut in half? into this ·country, we would not now, in my opinion, be Is not the money proposed to be provided sufficient to con­ confronted with this problem in the proportions which it tinue the work? The peak is not going to be reached until has assumed today. Unless we take action now, unless we 1940 or far into 1941. see to it particularly that sanitary arrangements are pro­ Mr. ELLENDER. The program now under way will employ vided and insisted upon we shall be called upon to repeat about 160,000 men at its peak in early 1940. After that 6836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8 period, unless we enact the pending bill, there will be ~ sharp Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, I understand the Senator to decline in employment. Now, the Senator from OhiO con­ refer to a time limit on the debate on the pending bill. Is templates-- there a limit upon individual Senators? Mr. TAFT. I should like to correct the Senator again. Mr. BARKLEY. The agreement provides that the Senate That will be in 1940. The amendment takes care of the shall proceed to vote at 3 o'clock p. m. on the bill and all situation up to that time. amendments. There is no limitation on individual Senators. Mr. ELLENDER. Just a minute, Senator. It is our pur· Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President-- pose under this bill to continue the employment of those The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Lou· now at work and to increase their number. If the bill as isiana yield to the Senator from Colorado? proposed is adopted, it will mean that during 1940 a peak of Mr. ELLENDER. I yield. almost 240,000 men employed will be reached, and that more Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, I was simply going . to call than 200,000 men will be employed at all times from the the attention of the Senator from Idaho to what seems to early spring of l940 to the end of 1941. In addition to the me to be a most unusual circumstance in reference to the .activity made possible under the present law, the pending unanimous-consent agreement. The · unanimous-consent bill would create in all about 466,000 man-years of employ­ agreement was submitted and then unanimous consent was ment· the amendment proposed by the Senator from Ohio obtained to waive the rule as to the calling of a quorum. In would reduce this by about 200,000 man-years. Certainly other words, we have a rule in the Senate which provides that is an entirely undesirable policy, particularly since the that before a time may be fixed for a final vote on a meas­ present period is so favorable for building purposes. ure a quorum shall be called in order that Senators may be Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? advised; but by unanimous consent, with perhaps 8 or 10 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from LoU· Senators present, that rule was waived and the unanimous­ isiana yield to the Senator from Utah? consent agreement entered into to fix a time for a final vote Mr. ELLENDER. I yield for a question. on the bill. It seems to me to be an extremely bad precedent. Mr. KING. I should like to ask the Senator if there have I was present, so I have no complaint about it. been made commitments in excess of the $800,000,000; and Mr. BARKLEY. I will say to the Senator that it is not a if so, by what authority? Eight hundred million dollars have precedent at all; the same procedure has been followed on a been authorized. There was no promise that $800,000,000 number of occasions; . I Will say also that there were more more were to be appropriated. than eight Senators present at the time. I made the request Mr. ELLENDER. There have been no commitments made, after consulting Senators on both sides of the Chamber wno I will s·ay to the Senator, in excess of the present law; but desired to dispose of the pending bill yesterday, but, largely many applications are now pending that will absorb, as it because of the fact that the Senator from Utah [Mr. KING] were, the additional $800,000,000 which we are now proposing. desired to speak on the bill, it went over and was not voted Mr. KING. The Senator knows that when the $800,000,000 on yesterday. The agreement was entered into by all Sena· were appropriated it was not anticipated that we would be tors who were present and was agreeable to the Senator called upon to appropriate $800,000,000 more. I am sure that from Utah. many Senators who voted for the measure and many who Mr. ADAMS. My comment was simply on what I thought supported it believed that it was an experiment. They was at least the establishment of a bad precedent, that we wanted to see the effect of the experiment before venturing were setting aside a rule which had a very definite purpose, further into an unknown land. namely, that Senators who were absent from the Chamber Mr. ELLENDER. Does the Senator think that is all that should not be bound by a unanimous-consent agreement was contemplated? I believe the Senate appreciated full well when they were not even notified that the requP.st for such that we were embarking on a permanent housing program to an agreement was to be made. rehouse slum dwellers, to provide permanency of employ­ Mr. BARKLEY. I appreciate what the Senator says, and ment and business in the great construction industries, and it has not been done often, but it has been done two or three thus to give greater stability to industry generally. How can times. the Senator say that recurring authorizations were not in­ tended, when the whole legislation is cast in permanent Mr. ADAMS. I realize that when the King and Queen are terms and contemplates the gradual abolition of the slums?. coming the situation may be different. Certainly, the Senator never thought that the original $500,- Mr. BARKLEY. There are always special circumstances 000,000-loan authorization in 1937 would make a serious dent which justify special treatment. on the slums of America. That was just a starter. Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, I was hot present when the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? unanimous-com:ent agreement was made, and, therefore, I Mr. ELLENDER. I yield. am not really in a position to raise any objection, but this is Mr. BARKLEY. In view of the impatience of Senators on the third time to my knowledge when unanimous-consent account of the garden party to be held this afternoon at the agreements have been made without observing the rule which British Embassy, and the desire that Senators will not leave has been referred to. I think the rule ought to be observed, the Chamber, I wish to say that I have communicated with or else finally disposed of. I say that at this time, because ihe British Embassy and I find that Senators are not required next time I hope to be present long enough to make an to be there until 4:40 o'clock this afternoon. Under the order objection. adopted yesterday, the Senate will vote today at 3 o'clock Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, besides the fact that more on the pending bill. It seems to me that that will give all labor will be employed by expanding the present program, Senators sufficient time to reach their homes and prepare another reason why the amendments of the Senator from whatever sartorial arrangements they may desire to make in Ohio should be defeated is that so far only 29 States are par­ order to attend the reception at the Embassy. I hope inas­ ticipating in the program. We have a total of 19 States which much as we are required under the rule to proceed to vote have not received a penny toward rehousing; and all of these at 3 o'clock, without further debate, that Senators will not States except 10 have enacted the necessary legislation in absent themselves until we have voted on this bill. order to carry through a housing program. While I am on my feet, if the Senator from Louisiana I desire to insert in the REcORD at this time a statement--! will yield for that purpose, let me say that we have already am not going to take the time of the Senate to read it;-show­ entered into an arrangement by previous order to meet to­ ing the decrease in the amount of labor employed if the pro­ morrow at 10:30 o'clock a. m., for the purpose of assembling posal of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] is adopt~d in con­ prior to going into the rotunda to meet the King and Queen. · trast with the pending bill. This statement compares the Assuming that this bill will be disposed of today, it will be differences not only as to labor, the increased number of my purpose tomorrow to ask that, at the conclusion of those dwellings, and so forth, but also as to materials that will be ceremonies, the Senate stand adjourned until Monday next. used under the program as we are now proposing it, and 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6837 under the program as it would stand if the- amendments of Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, there seems to be a great the Senator from Ohio should be adopted. desire to vote on the pending amendments and on the bill. I ask unanimous consent to have the statement printed in It is a perfectly natural desire, and I shall not detain the the RECORD. Senate for any great length of time. In fact, I shall speak The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so very briefly. I could not help, however, being disturbed dur­ ordered. ing the course of the remarks of the Senator from Massa­ The statement is as follows: chusetts [Mr. WALSH], especially when he said that this great humanitarian program which was inaugurated by the Con­ VII.-Effect of Taft amendment on business, reemployment, and rehousing gress for the purpose of actual slwn clearance is being diverted from that purpose. Under Sena- Mr. WAGNER. No. Under addi­ tor Taft's Mr. HATCH. I am quoting only what the Senator from tional pro­ amendment Accomplishments gram as con­ cutting pro­ Massachusetts said. templated posed addi­ Mr. WAGNER. I do not think the Senator from Massa­ by s. 591! tional pro- gram chusetts said that the present program of the U. S. H. A. is being diverted from the purposes of the act. I think what Increase in authorization of U. S. Housing Authority the Senator had in mind was the earlier construction under bonds ______--__ -_------$800, 000, 000 $400,()()(),000 the P. W. A. Increase in authorization of annual contribution con- tracts ______------______------45,000,000 30,000,000 Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I did not hear what the Total number of new dwellings to be constructed______238,800 138,300 Sena~or from New Mexico said. Total number of dangerous and unfit dwellings to be eliminated. ______------238,800 138,300 Mr. HATCH. I understood the Senator from Massachu­ Total number of man-years of work to be provided: setts to say that the program which we started as a slum­ (1) Directly at the site ______177,000 102,500 (2) Indirectly off the site ______289,000 167,500 clearance program was not being used for slum-clearance Total amount to be spent for materials______$440, 000, 000 $255, 200, 000 purposes. Break-down of amounts to be spent for materials: Brick and hollow tile ______$40,500,000 $23, 500, 000 Mr. WALSH. I said there were two undertakings by the Cement ______------$16, 000, ()()(} $9,300,000 Federal Government in the way of providing· houses for the Steel and iron------$44, 500, 000 $2{), 800, 000 Lumber and mill work.------~------$27,500,000 $16, 000, 000 people of the Nation. The first was undertaken by a hous­ Roofing ______------$10, 000, 000 $5,800,000 ing bureau under the Department of the Interior with Paint ______------___ _ . $5, 000,000 $2,900,000 Plumbing ______------$55, 000, 000 $31, 900, 000 funds allocated by the President from the $4,000,000,000 Electrical wiring and :fixtures------$42, 200, 000 $24, 500, ()()(} lump-sum appropriation of a few years ago. It was thought Heating ______------$44,000,000 $25, 500, 000 Other materiaL_------_ $155, 000, 000 $90, 000, 000 that that would be a slum-clearance undertaking. It was Number of men to be employed during month oi not, and is not. I denounced it then, and I denounce it October 1940: {1) Directly at the site ______47,500 27,500 now. (2) Indirectly off the site ______77,500 45,000 The second attempt was by an act of Congress. There was Amount to be disbursed by U. S. Housing Authority during month of October 1940------­ $34, 000, 000 $19, 700, 000 no act of Congress in the first attempt, and there has always Total number of families to be rehoused------­ 238,800 138,300 been a question whether or not it was constitutional. The Total number of persons to be rehoused_------­ 955,200 553,200 Number of projects to be assisted by U. S. Housing second undertaking was the act of the last session, which Authority______---___ ------__ ------581 336 for the first time put the Congress on record as favoring a Federal housing project. No dwellings have been completed Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, before taking my seat let under that act up to this time. I did not intend to imply me urge that the Senate defeat the third amendment proposed that in my opinion the intent of the Congress was not being by the Senator from Ohio. carried out under that law, but the :first I was very critical It proposes a joint congressional investigation of the admin­ of, and I am still critical of it. istration of the U.S. H. A. and other Federal housing agencies. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I am very glad the Senator The program of the U.S. H. A., according to the Senator from from New York made that explanation, because I received the Ohio, is working smoothly. I quote from a statement by him other impression; and I rose to voice my opposition to any on June 6: · such procedure as would convert a humanitarian program, I believe that the United States Housing Administration has done such as I conceive this to be, into something else. lts work well in this field. Its projects are well built. The cost is Mr. ADAMS and Mr. WAGNER addressed the Chair. being steadily reduced. There has not been the slightest breath of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from New suspicion in a field where the opportunity is always present. Mexico yield; and if so, to whom? I submit that an investigation of administration implies Mr. HATCH. I yield first to the Senator from Colorado; widespread dissatisfaction or complaints. then I will yield to the Senator from New York. It is contrary to and repudiates the President's plan for Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, I simply desire to call the reorganization already approved by Congress and which is Senator's attention to the fact, with which he is probably becoming effective in part on July 1. The amendment pro­ familiar, that the act itself has a double purpose. It pro­ poses study of the proper location and placement of all Fed­ vides that the projects under it may be either slum-clearance eral housing agencies, although Congress has just approved projects or low-rent housing projects. The low-rent housing a reorganization plan covering this question. projects concerning which the Senator from Massachusetts It proposes a special committee to study housing questions was complaining are included within the scope of the act. that regular committees of Congress have held hearings on Mr. HATCH. I now yield to the Senator from New York. for 5 years. All the information sought by the amendment is Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, I should like to differ right in the printed hearings and reports of these committees. there with the interpretation placed upon the act by the Senator TAFT is on the Senate committee which has been Senator from Colorado, because under an amendment­ holding hearings every year on the U. S. H. A. Why does he which, incidentally, was offered by the Senator from Massa­ want to create a different committee for the same purpose? chusetts [Mr. WALSH]-for every unit of new housing con­ No, Mr. President. Little would be gained by such an inves­ structed under the act a unit of slums must be cleared; and tigation. If one is necessary, why could it not be conducted the families to be housed are those who have formerly been by the standing committee of the Senate, or a subcommittee slwn dwellers. Therefore, under every contract which bas thereof, that deals with such matters? been let under the U.S. H. A., a showing must :first be made I repeat, I earnestly request that all three amendments be that slums equal to the number of units to be constructed rejected. have been eliminated. Therefore this is bound to be a SEVERAL SENATORS. Vote! Votef humanitarian slum-clearance program. Let me assure the 6838 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 8 Senator that I have kept in close touch with it, and it actually I believe that it was the understanding of substantially all is a slum -clearance program. Senators when the original housing act was under consid­ I do not want to delay a vote, and I do not want to discuss eration that it was for the purpose of eliminating slums, the matter at length. Of course, there will always be some particularly in New York City, and a few of the other large persons in a municipality who will contend that the area municipalities in the United States. As I recall the debate, cleared was not actually a blighted area. If that is so, that no one suggested then that we were embarking upon a gen­ reflects on the integrity of the local housing authorities. eral housing program. We were not intending to build homes But so far as I know-and I have investigated the subject for the people in the country or for the people in the cities; very thoroughly-for every project that is proposed to be we were to get rid of slums. I know the eloquent Senator constructed there has been an equivalent amount of slum from New York repeatedly in his perorations, as well as in clearance. The purpose of the act has been definitely and his exordium, referred to the fact that if we got rid of the clearly observed, notwithstanding some unfounded statements slums we would get rid of cess pools of vice and crime; that made by persons who have a prejudice against the whole it was essential that we get rid of slums. He ·emphasized that program. idea over and over again. I now agree with the intimation Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield on that is made, that we are distorting the act, and are con­ that point? verting it into a building program. Mr. HATCH. I will yield, but I want to get through with Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? the brief remarks I desire to make. I yield to the Senator, - Mr. KING. I yield. however. Mr. WAGNER. I hope the Senator will not make these Mr. TYDINGS. I had considerable correspondence with statements unless he is absolutely sure of the facts. There is the United States Housing Administrator on the elimination a good deal of this sort of propaganda being spread against of slums when new dwelling units took their place, on the this program. theory that one slum dwelling was to be eliminated for each Mr. KING. The propaganda is all for it. new family apartment constructed; and I believe that policy Mr. WAGNER. Let me assure the Senator that there are is being carried out, with this exception: The act does not now 29 States in which these projects are in progress, under say "demolished." It says "eliminated"; and in some in­ contract or under construction, and in every one of those stances the Administrator in his corresponder..~e pointed out cases the elimination of slums must accompany the con­ that, due to overcrowding, the actual slum dwelling is not struction of new homes for these low-income slum dwellers, demolished, but is renovated; and if it is renovated, that is who have been compelled to live in these very cess pools equivalent to its elimination. referred to by the Senator, which breed disease and crime. I have not those letters here, but I had correspondence So that when the Senator says in the first place that it was with Mr. Straus on the subject, because the Real Estate Board only for New York and some other cities-- of Baltimore called to my. attention the fact that some build­ Mr. KING. I said the large municipalities in the United ings were not being torn down, and I called Mr. Straus' States. attention to the fact that the law required that that be done; Mr. WAGNER. Twenty-nine States now have actual and he pointed out that the law does not require that the projects under contract and 10 additional States have made buildings be demolished. It requires that they be eliminated. application for other projects. In every one of those cases Therefore, if they are· reconditioned so as to take them out the construction of the new buildings is accompanied by the of the category of slum dwellings, without tearing them down, elimination of slums. I do not mind anyone being opposed that, in Mr. Straus' judgment, is an elimination under the act. if he is opposed to the philosophy of this humanitarian pro­ I shall be very glad to show the Senator from New York gram. That is his business, and I never question his sin­ the correspondence if he would like to see it. cerity. But I do not think we ought to have these statements Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President-- made-- Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I suggest that the Senators Mr. KING. If the Senator wants to make a speech-and continue their discussion between themselves. he has spoken half a dozen times already-he can wait until Mr. WAGNER. Yes; I think that would be better. I get through. · Mr. HATCH. I merely want to say that this program, as Mr. WAGNER. I am pleading with the Senator to inquire well as many other humanitarian programs, cannot be laid into the facts before he is led to make these statements. out in detail by the Congress of the United States. The Mr. KING. Mr. President, I have inquired into the facts, only thing we can do is to express the general will and and while I do not know as much about this subject, of intention of the Congress. It necessarily depends upon those who administer the law to see that the intention of Con­ course, as does the Senator from New York, because he has gress is carried out, and if they administer it in a way con­ devoted a good deal of time to its consideration, I do em­ trary to the intention and design of the Congress of the phasize what I stated a moment ago, that the act was driven United States they offend not against us, but against the through the Senate largely because of the propaganda in very program which they seek to serve. favor of getting rid of the slums. I do adm~t that in con­ In that connection, let me say that I rose mainly to quote nection with getting rid of the slums it was suggested that from Edmund Burke, who many, many years ago made a corresponding houses would be built which would take cal'e statement which I should like to see pasted on the desk of of those who were driven out of the slums. But I fear that every administrative officer engaged in executing any of the the act is being converted into a general housing proposi­ humanitarian programs which this administration, I believe tion, and the Senator now proposes to offer an amendment rjghtfully, has inaugurated. Mr. Burke said: to tack on to the pending bill a provision that the admin­ istration shall go into the country and build houses in The laws reach but a very little way. Constitute government how you please; infinitely the greater part of it must depend upon various parts of the United States. the exercise of powers which are left at large to the prudence and ' I rose for the purpose of indicating that I fear the law uprightness of ministers of state. upon the statute books is being diverted from the purpose I should like to see the Housing Authority and all other for which some of us at least intended that it should be officials charged with carrying on this program read that used, and that the bill now before us will be regarded as an statement, and remember that the programs must be ad­ opportunity for building houses, and not for eliminating ministered with prudence and uprightness. slums, and that therefore the foundation upon which th~ Mr. KING. Mr. President, just a word in regard to the original act was passed will be abandoned entirely. matter suggested by the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing HATCH]. to the amendment offered by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6839 TAFT] to the amendment in the nature of a substitute re­ [Mr. LEE and Mr. THoMAs], the Senator from West Virginia ported by the committee. [Mr. NEELY], the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. OVERTON], Mr. TAFT. I suggest the absence of a quorum. the Senator from Nevada [Mr. PITTMAN], the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. Indiana [Mr. VAN NUYsJ, and the Senator from Montana The legislative clerk called the roll. and the following [Mr. WHEELER] are unavoidably detained. Senators answered to their names: Mr. HATCH. My colleague [Mr. CHAVEZ] has a pair with Adams Gibson Logan Schwellenbach the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES]. If present Bankhea.d Gillette Lucas Sheppard and voting, I am advised, the Senator from New Hampshire Barbour Green Lundeen Slattery Barkley Guffey McCarran Smathers would vote "yea," and my colleague would vote "nay." Bilbo Gurney McKellar Smith Mr. McNARY. I announce the following pairs on this Bone Hale McNary Stewart question: Brown Hatch Maloney Taft Bulow Hayden Mead Thomas, Utah The Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES] with the Burke Herring Minton Tobey Senator from New Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZJ. If present, the Byrd Hill -Murray Townsend Capper Holman Norris Truman Senator from -New Hampshire would vote "yea," and the Caraway Holt O'Mahoney Tydings Senator from New Mexico would vote "nay." Connally Hughes Radcliffe Vandenberg The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. DANAHER] with the Davis Johnson. Colo. Reed Wagner Ellender King Reynolds Walsh Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. THoMAs]. If present, the Sen­ Frazier La Follette Russell Wiley ator from Connecticut would vote "yea," and the Senator Gerry Lodge Schwartz from Oklahoma would vote "nay.'' The PRESIDING OFFICER. Sixty-seven Senators having The Senator from Vermont [Mr. AusTIN] with the Sen­ answered to their names, a quorum is present. ator from California [Mr. DoWNEYJ. If present, the Senator The question is on agreeing to the amendment offered by from Vermont would vote "yea," and the Senator from Cali­ the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] to the amendment of the fornia would vote "nay.'' committee. I announce the general pair of the Senator from Minne­ Mr. TAFT. I ask for the yeas and nays. sota [Mr. SHIPSTEADJ with the Senator from Virginia [Mr. The yeas and nays were ordered. GLASS]. Mr. REED. Mr. President, I ask that we may have order, The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. DANAHER] is unavoid­ and that the amendment be read. I want to know what I am ably compelled to be out of the city. voting on. The result was announced-yeas 26, nays 39, as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will state the YEAS-26 amendment. Adams Gibson Hughes Tobey The CHIEF CLERK. On page 3, line 5, it is proposed to strike Bulow Gillette Lodge Townsend out "$45,000,000" and to insert "$30,0000,000"; on page 3, line Byrd Gurney McNary Tydings Capper Hale Radcliffe Vandent'3rg 13, it is proposed to strike out "$800,000,000" and to insert Connally Herring Reed Wiley "$400,000,000." Frazier Holman Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas and nays have been Gerry Holt Taft ordered, and the clerk will proceed to call the roll. NAYS-39 Bankhead Guffey McKellar Schwellenbach The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the roll. Barbour Hatch Maloney Sheppard Mr. BURKE (when his name was called). On this vote I Barkley Hayden Mead Slattery have a pair with the senior Senator from Louisiana [Mr. Bilbo Hill Minton Smathers Bone Johnson, Colo. Murray Stewart OVERTON]. If the senior Senator from Louisiana were pres­ Brown La Follette Norris Thomas, Utah ent, he would vote "nay" on this amendment. If I were at Caraway Logan O'Mahoney Truman Davis Lucas Reynolds Wagner liberty to vote, I should vote "yea." Ellender Lundeen Russell Walsh Mr. McNARY