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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project MICHAEL M. MAHONEY Interviewed By: Ch

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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project MICHAEL M. MAHONEY Interviewed By: Ch The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project MICHAEL M. MAHONEY Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: October 17, 1995 Copyright 199 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Beginnings Education nterest in nternational Affairs Liberia, Peace Corps 1968-1969 )raduate Studies at Johns Hopkins Peace Corps Training Situation in Liberia Teaching in ,onrovia Peace Corps Else.here in Liberia Rule of President Tubman nterest in the Foreign Service 0e.spaper 1ork 1920-1921 Foreign Service E4amination Character of Junior Foreign Service Officers Refugee 5 ,igration Officer Trinidad 5 Tobago, Consular Officer 1921-1924 Prime ,inister Eric 1illiams Embassy Relations .ith 1illiams Heavy 7isa 1orkload Feelings About Consular 1ork Athens, )reece, Passport Officer 1924-1928 Turkish nvasion of Cyprus Crisis in American Consular Services Personal Assistant to Ambassador 9ubisch Change of Ambassadors )reek Reaction to Cyprus Crisis Blaming the :nited States 0ATO Relationship 1 Split Bet.een Consular Section 5 Rest of Embassy State Department, ARA Policy Planning 1928-1928 Policy 5 Resource ,anagement Documents Policy and A D Levels Trip Planning 9issinger 7ie.s on Latin America Ford-Carter Transition Human Rights ARA<s 2nd Rate Status in the Foreign Service State Department, Consular Bureau 1928-1929 Reorganizing ,anagement of the Bureau Removal of Francis 9night Creation of Citizens< Emergency Center Ron Sommerville nnovations ,e4ican Prison Problems Prisoner Transfer Treaties Computers for Consular Programs 0ear-Transfer of 7isa Legal Office to mmigration Po.er of Assistant Secretary Barbara 1atson Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Consul 1929-1982 Situation in the Dominican Republic mmigration to the :nited States Relations of the Ambassador to the 7isa Section 7isa Frauds Staff ,orale Problems ndustrial College of the Armed Forces 1982-1983 Reaction to Curriculum 7ietnam 5 the Armed Services ,ontreal, Canada, Chief, Consular Section 1983-1982 Quebec Separatism 3rd Country mmigrant 7isas nstallation of 1A0) Computer System Bilingualism of Staff American Services Feelings to.ard Americans ,anagement of the Post State Department, Chief, Citizens< Emergency Services 1982-1990 Functions of the Office Arrests of :.S. Citizens 2 Bombing of PanAm 103 - Public Anger at State Dept. - Congressional Hearings - Lessons Learned - Bureaucratic Reaction Travel Advisories - Criteria for ssuing Advisories - Travel nformation Sheets - nterest in Advisories by Other Countries - )ro.th of Citizens< Services Program - Reaction of Travel Agencies Hostages in Lebanon - Situation in Lebanon - Reagan Administration Reaction - ran-Contra Affair - C A Role - Reaction of Hostages< Families - :.S. )overnment Treatment of the Policy ssue - Terry Anderson Case 5 his Sister<s Activities - Final Release of Hostages - Personal Reaction to Pressures of this Job State Department, Personnel 1990-1993 Counseling Consular Officers Career Development Policy Discipline in Assignments Civil Service E4cursion Assignments Consular Cone System Consular ,anagement 1omen<s Class Action Suit Assignment of ,inorities Attitudes of ,inorities To.ard Assignment Process Problem of Career Leveling-Off Functional Hierarchy in State Personnel vs Bureaus on Assignments On.ard Assignment of Personnel Officers Rome, taly, Consul )eneral 1993-1998 :.S. Agencies in Rome Ambassador Reginald Bartholome. Embassy-Consular Section Relations DC, James Creagan American Citizen Services mmigrant 7isas Problems .ith talian Bureaucracy 3 Consular Automation 5 Closing Constituent Posts Future of Con)en Naples talian Political Scene :.S.- talian Relations 0otable Consular Cases Relations .ith the Consular Bureau Future of the Consular Function Future of Consular Personnel INTERVIEW $: Mike and I are old friends. Okay, Mike, let)s start at the beginning. When and where were you born, and could you tell me a little about your family. ,AHO0EA: .as born in ,assachusetts in June of 1944. came from a family of si4. .as the last child. guess it .as a middle-class American family. ,y father .as in the advertising business, and .e lived in a comfortable suburb of Boston. $: What was the name of the suburb, ,AHO0EA: Ne.ton. $: The Newton of the Newtons, ,AHO0EA: Right, .here gre. up, yes. .ent to public school through the 8th grade, and to a Jesuit Catholic high school, and to a small Catholic college in 7ermont. $: What was your impression of the Catholic high school, ,AHO0EA: Oh, think of it as, in a .ay, having been educated right at the very end of the ,iddle Ages, in the sense that graduated in 1961, and .e .ere reCuired, in those days, to take four years of Latin, three years of classical )reek, and only t.o years of a modern language. took only one year of science and three years of mathematics. The curriculum that my children are doing no. Dboth of them go to Catholic schools, one of them to a Jesuit schoolE is completely different. This curriculum changed dramatically .ithin five or si4 years of the time graduated. t did teach you and prepare you very .ell for certain types of higher education, but not very much in the line of mathematics and science. $: Did you get any taste for international affairs at that time, ,AHO0EA: Not through high school. .ould say that .as almost completely una.are of it. n college, majored in history and began to study a good deal about this, especially 4 European history, the origins of the first .orld .ar. By chance, happened to read a book called Diplomat Among 1arriors by Robert ,urphy. That book had Cuite an effect on me, and .rote a book revie. of it for the student ne.spaper. That began to generate an interest in international affairs and, in fact, in the idea of a possible diplomatic career. $: What was the name of the college you went to, ,AHO0EA: Saint ,ichaels, in Burlington, 7ermont. $: Did they, other than have a book about diplomacy, have much about diplomacy, ,AHO0EA: No, donFt recall that there .as ever a course, for e4ample, in diplomatic history. But the history major there .as e4tremely intense. 7ery fe. people took it, because it .as run by a man .ho .as e4traordinarily demanding and difficult. But you certainly got, in many .ays, a very intensive education. And some of that, obviously, .as diplomacy. He .as fi4ated on the origins of the first .orld .ar, and seniors all had to .rite papers about this. And he told you at the beginning that the minimum length of the paper he e4pected .as 60 to 80 pages. $: .or those days, or for any time, good /od. ,AHO0EA: Aes, thatFs .hen you had to type .ith t.o fingers, .ithout .ord processing. $: In many ways, looking at the first world war is probably as concentrated a study in diplomacy as one can get. ,AHO0EA: Actually, it .as. This teacher sa. it as the .atershed event of the 20th CenturyG that everything ran up to it from the French Revolution, and everything flo.ed a.ay from it to the Cold 1ar. So you read very intensively in the period 1821, sometimes even before that, through 1914. A huge amount of that .as diplomatic maneuvering, but at a very high level of maneuvering. t really didnFt give you much idea about the life of diplomats or the day-to-day business of the career diplomat. Aou read a lot more about Bismarck than you did about first or second secretaries of the )erman Embassy in Paris. $: 0ou graduated when, ,AHO0EA: graduated from college in 1966. $: And then what, ,AHO0EA: And then .ent to graduate school at the :niversity of 1yoming, of all strange places. $: Why there, 8 ,AHO0EA: For one thing, it .as one of the fe. places that .ould give you graduate- school money if you .ere only interested in an ,.A. program. .as accepted at a lot of places, but did not .ant to commit to doing Ph.D. .ork at that point. n essence, if you .ere a history major or an English major in one of the liberal arts fields, and you didnFt really tell them that you .anted to go for a Ph.D., most of the big schools in the East .ere not interested in giving you money. 1yoming had been left a large pot of money by somebody to pay for fello.ships in the American Studies ,asterFs Degree program. So needed the money, and .as able to get one of these fello.ships. There, did get to take courses in diplomatic history and a number of other things, and again the idea .as a little further stimulated. After graduate school, .ent in the Peace Corps and taught school in Liberia for t.o years, and, there, met a lot of people .ho .orked for the embassy, .orked for :S A. And that finally decided me on the idea that thatFs the career .anted to pursue. $: Talk about Liberia. 0ou were there from when to when, ,AHO0EA: .as there from the beginning of F68 until the end of F69. $: 2ow would you characteri3e the Peace Corps volunteers of your era, 0ou were probably about the third wave, after the initial Kennedy ones, weren)t you, ,AHO0EA: Aes. tFs interesting. Almost all of them .ere there to avoid the draft, one has to say. That gave them, perhaps, a different impetus than the 9ennedy people, .ho really may have thought that they .ere out there doing something to remake the .orld. did not get that sense from most of my colleagues. They .ere dedicated people, they did their .ork, they .ere serious, but felt, .ith almost all of them, that they had been moved to be in the Peace Corps at that time because they .ere avoiding the draft. ,any of them .ere tandem couples, and the .ives .ere there because the husbands .ere there. 0o., certainly, for the single .omen volunteers, that clearly .as not the main reason.
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