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Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus Northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation Valerie A

Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 3-1-2011 Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation Valerie A. Lee Loma Linda University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Valerie A., "Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation" (2011). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 37. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/37 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Science and Technology in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation by Valerie A. Lee ____________________ A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology ____________________ March 2011 © 2011 Valerie A. Lee All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this thesis in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree Master of Science. , Chairperson William K. Hayes, Professor of Biology Stephen G.
Free-Roaming Cat Interactions with Wildlife Admitted to a Wildlife Hospital

The Journal of Wildlife Management; DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21181 Note Free-roaming cat interactions with wildlife admitted to a wildlife hospital DAVE L. MCRUER,1 Wildlife Center of Virginia, PO Box 1557, 1800 South Delphine Avenue, Waynesboro, VA 22980, USA LINCOLN C. GRAY, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, MSC 4304, 801 Carrier Drive, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA LEIGH-ANN HORNE, Wildlife Center of Virginia, PO Box 1557, 1800 South Delphine Avenue, Waynesboro, VA 22980, USA EDWARD E. CLARK JR., Wildlife Center of Virginia, PO Box 1557, 1800 South Delphine Avenue, Waynesboro, VA 22980, USA ABSTRACT Free-roaming domestic cats are a major anthropogenic source of morbidity and mortality to wild birds and mammals in the United States. Permitted wildlife rehabilitators routinely treat cat-caused injuries. However, extent of these activities is under-reported in the scientiﬁc literature. To determine incidence, age class, mortality, diversity and frequency of species affected, nature of injuries, time in care, and temporal and geospatial trends associated with interactions between free-roaming cats and wildlife, we conducted a retrospective analysis on 20,921 records from small birds and mammals presented to the Wildlife Center of Virginia (WCV), USA between 2000 and 2010. Cat interaction was the second greatest cause of small-mammal admissions (14.8%), fourth greatest cause of mammal mortality (70.8%), fourth greatest cause of bird admissions (13.7%), and second greatest cause of avian mortality (80.8%). Eighty-three species were admitted following interactions with cats. Age of wildlife admitted following cat interaction varied by class; juvenile mammals were captured most frequently (40.5%), followed by neonates (34%), then adults (25.5%).
Birds of Perry County Contact Us the Tell City Ranger District of the Hoosier National Forest Is Open 8-4:30 Monday Through Friday to Serve Visitors

Birds of Perry County Contact Us The Tell City Ranger District of the Hoosier National Forest is open 8-4:30 Monday through Friday to serve visitors. Tell City Ranger District 248 15th Street Tell City, IN 47586 812-547-7051 Federal relay system for the deaf and hearing impaired: 1-800-877-8339 website: www.fs.usda.gov/hoosier Great Bllue Heron Tufted Titmouse __________________________ vV USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. America’s Great Outdoors Last updated 11/2011 Forest Service United States Department of Agriculture The third and fourth columns are the genus and Using the Checklist species of the bird. The fifth column shows the The first column after the bird’s common name is bird’s status in Indiana as of 2009. (Available at http:// evidence of the bird’s breeding status in our area. www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/files/Birds_Of_Indiana.pdf) CO = Confirmed breeding evidence FC = Federal Candidate FE = Federal Endangered PR = Probable breeding evidence FT = Federal Threatened SC - State Special Concern PO = Possible breeding evidence SE = State Endangered X = Exotic/Introduced OB = Observed, no breeding evidence Bird abundance will vary seasonally, and often from This shows highest breeding evidence value from year-to-year as well. Actual abundance is often dis- published 1985-1990 breeding bird atlas data and tinct from detectability. Some species may be com- draft 2005-2010 atlas data. (Available at http://www. mon but secretive and only rarely seen. Others may pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/) be numerically sparse, yet highly
Food Habits and Feeding Behavior of the Baltimore Oriole in Costa Rica

FOOD HABITS AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE BALTIMORE ORIOLE IN COSTA RICA RICHARD L. TIMKEN ALTIMORE Orioles (Zcterus galbula) are mainly insectivorous during B their summer residence in North America (Bent, 1958)) but little is known of their food habits while wintering in Central America and northern South America. Slud (1964) mentions that this bird has a varied behavior and diet while in Costa Rica, and A. F. Skutch is reported as saying that Baltimore Orioles subsist on a variety of animal and plant foods (Bent, 1958). However, no qualitative or quantitative data are available concerning the food habits and feeding behavior of this species. In Costa Rica the species occupies a wider range of habitat than do the native orioles and exceeds them in total numbers (Slud, 1964). This study was undertaken to obtain some data concerning the habits of this successful species during its stay in Costa Rica. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted at seven different sites in five of the seven Costa Rican Provinces. Collections were obtained at: Taboga, Guanacaste Province; Heredia, Heredia Province; Turrialba, Cartago Province; and San Isidro, San Jose Province. Observations of feeding behavior were obtained at the collection sites and at three other sites: San Jose, San Jose Province; San Vito, and Rincon, Puntarenas Province. Birds were collected with shotguns at different hours on several dates. Stomachs from collected specimens were removed as quickly as possible, slit and preserved in a 70 per cent ethanol solution. The number of each item was recorded per stomach and the per cent by volume of each kind of food item was estimated.
Aullwood's Birds (PDF)

Aullwood's Bird List This list was collected over many years and includes birds that have been seen at or very near Aullwood. The list includes some which are seen only every other year or so, along with others that are seen year around. Ciconiiformes Great blue heron Green heron Black-crowned night heron Anseriformes Canada goose Mallard Blue-winged teal Wood duck Falconiformes Turkey vulture Osprey Sharp-shinned hawk Cooper's hawk Red-tailed hawk Red-shouldered hawk Broad-winged hawk Rough-legged hawk Marsh hawk American kestrel Galliformes Bobwhite Ring-necked pheasant Gruiformes Sandhill crane American coot Charadriformes Killdeer American woodcock Common snipe Spotted sandpiper Solitary sandpiper Ring-billed gull Columbiformes Rock dove Mourning dove Cuculiformes Yellow-billed cuckoo Strigiformes Screech owl Great horned owl Barred owl Saw-whet owl Caprimulgiformes Common nighthawk Apodiformes Chimney swift Ruby-throated hummingbird Coraciformes Belted kinghisher Piciformes Common flicker Pileated woodpecker Red-bellied woodpecker Red-headed woodpecker Yellow-bellied sapsucker Hairy woodpecker Downy woodpecker Passeriformes Eastern kingbird Great crested flycatcher Eastern phoebe Yellow-bellied flycatcher Acadian flycatcher Willow flycatcher Least flycatcher Eastern wood pewee Olive-sided flycatcher Tree swallow Bank swallow Rough-winged swallow Barn swallow Purple martin Blue jay Common crow Black-capped chickadee Carolina chickadee Tufted titmouse White-breasted nuthatch Red-breasted nuthatch Brown creeper House wren Winter wren
NEWS and NOTES by Paul Hess

NEWS AND NOTES by Paul Hess “Lilian’s” Meadowlark für Ornithologie 135:28), but no details about the findings have been published. Ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser was intrigued by mead - At last, a large-scale genetic report by F. Keith Barker, Ar - owlarks collected in 1929 near Arizona’s Huachuca Moun - ion J. Vandergon, and Scott M. Lanyon arrived in 2008 tains, because their size, structure, and plumage differed (Auk 125:869–879). They examined two mitochondrial from those of the Western Meadowlark and from known DNA (mtDNA) genes and one nuclear locus in 14 Eastern variations of Eastern Meadowlark. In 1930 he described the Meadowlark subspecies throughout the North American, specimens as a new Eastern Meadowlark subspecies and Central American, and South American range. named it lilianae to honor Lilian Baldwin, who had donat - The results indicate a long history of evolutionary diver - ed the collection ( Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Mu - gence between lilianae and all except one other Eastern seum of Natural History 1:83–124). Meadowlark subspecies, auropectoralis of central and We now know it as “Lilian’s” Meadowlark, of desert grasslands in the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico, where it is distinguishable from Western Meadowlark with careful study by eye and ear. In identification guides, lilianae re - ceived little attention and no illustration until the National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America in 1983. Kevin J. Zimmer of - fered tips in Birding (August 1984, pp. 155–156) and in his books The Western Bird Watcher (Prentice-Hall 1985) and Birding in the American West (Cornell University Press 2000).
Birds of Allerton Park

Birds of Allerton Park 2 Table of Contents Red-head woodpecker .................................................................................................................................. 5 Red-bellied woodpecker ............................................................................................................................... 6 Hairy Woodpecker ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Downy woodpecker ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Northern Flicker ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Pileated woodpecker .................................................................................................................................. 10 Eastern Meadowlark ................................................................................................................................... 11 Common Grackle......................................................................................................................................... 12 Red-wing blackbird ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Rusty blackbird ...........................................................................................................................................
Baltimore Oriole Icterus Galbula ILLINOIS RANGE

Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Chordata The Baltimore oriole averages about seven to eight Class: Aves inches in length. The male has orange feathers Order: Passeriformes underneath and black back, wing, tail and head feathers. The female and young have orange-yellow Family: Icteridae feathers underneath and olive-green feathers on the ILLINOIS STATUS upper side. Two, white wing bars may be seen on all Baltimore orioles. common, native BEHAVIORS ILLINOIS RANGE The Baltimore oriole is a common migrant and summer resident statewide. It winters along the coast of the southern United States through Central America. It tends to stay high in the treetops, where it may sometimes be located by its whistling song. These birds begin arriving in Illinois each year in April and May. Nesting takes place in May and June with one brood raised per year. This oriole nests in elm, willow, apple, cottonwood and maple trees. The nest is a woven, hanging pouch of plant ﬁbers, hair, yarn, string and bark placed six to 60 feet above the ground. The nest is lined with hair, wool and grasses. The female builds the nest in four to eight days. Three to ﬁve white to pale blue eggs with dark markings are laid in the nest. The incubation period lasts 12 to 14 days with the female alone incubating. Fall migration starts in July, with most of the migration taking place at night. The Baltimore oriole lives in woodlands, especially along lakeshores or streams, and shade trees. It eats insects, fruits and seeds. © Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
A Bird's Primary Consideration When Choosing a Nesting Site Is Security

Fun Facts About Nesting GENERAL - A bird's primary consideration when choosing a nesting site is security. Protection from predators and proximity to food is of vital importance to the success of a bird's offspring. - Abundant and easily obtained sources of food allow for more time to be devoted to better nest site selection and construction of higher quality nests, along with more time and energy to be vigilant in defense of the nesting territory from interlopers and predators. - A study published in the England’s Royal Society journal Biology Letters found that birds with winter access to the extra nutrition that feeders provide will lay their clutch of eggs earlier and fledge an average of one more chick per clutch than do their counterparts with no access to feeders. CHICKADEE - Chickadees are cavity nesters. They will excavate their own nest site in a rotten or decaying wood, use an old woodpecker hole or use a nesting box. They add a cozy nest on a moss base. - Mountain Chickadees may excavate a cavity as well in very loose wood. They will also nest under rock crevices in a bank or in a hole in the ground. They add a cozy lining of fur to the nest. BUSHTITS - The one-foot-long hanging nest of a Bushtit resembles an Oriole’s nest and is woven out of a variety of materials including mosses, lichens, leaves and spider's webs. WRENS - The Cactus Wren builds an elaborate gourd-shaped nest in about ten days, and may fuss with improvements for another several weeks.
Learn About Texas Birds Activity Book

Learn about . A Learning and Activity Book Color your own guide to the birds that wing their way across the plains, hills, forests, deserts and mountains of Texas. Text Mark W. Lockwood Conservation Biologist, Natural Resource Program Editorial Direction Georg Zappler Art Director Elena T. Ivy Educational Consultants Juliann Pool Beverly Morrell © 1997 Texas Parks and Wildlife 4200 Smith School Road Austin, Texas 78744 PWD BK P4000-038 10/97 All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems – without written permission of the publisher. Another "Learn about Texas" publication from TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE PRESS ISBN- 1-885696-17-5 Key to the Cover 4 8 1 2 5 9 3 6 7 14 16 10 13 20 19 15 11 12 17 18 19 21 24 23 20 22 26 28 31 25 29 27 30 ©TPWPress 1997 1 Great Kiskadee 16 Blue Jay 2 Carolina Wren 17 Pyrrhuloxia 3 Carolina Chickadee 18 Pyrrhuloxia 4 Altamira Oriole 19 Northern Cardinal 5 Black-capped Vireo 20 Ovenbird 6 Black-capped Vireo 21 Brown Thrasher 7Tufted Titmouse 22 Belted Kingfisher 8 Painted Bunting 23 Belted Kingfisher 9 Indigo Bunting 24 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 10 Green Jay 25 Wood Thrush 11 Green Kingfisher 26 Ruddy Turnstone 12 Green Kingfisher 27 Long-billed Thrasher 13 Vermillion Flycatcher 28 Killdeer 14 Vermillion Flycatcher 29 Olive Sparrow 15 Blue Jay 30 Olive Sparrow 31 Great Horned Owl =female =male Texas Birds More kinds of birds have been found in Texas than any other state in the United States: just over 600 species.
Pocket Field Guide

US EPA Source Reduction Assistance Grant X9-96479407- 0 SRAG - 800 A publication of the Louisville Water Company, Local Planning Team for the Wellhead Protection Plan Pocket Field Guide - US EPA Source Reduction Assistance Grant X9-96479407-0 Landscaping for Wildlife: SRAG - 800 Common Birds of Kentucky Louisville Water Company 550 S. 3rd Street Louisville, KY 40202 502-569-3600 http://www.louisvilleky.gov/LWC For additional copies, or more information, contact: Marsha Taylor Meyer Wellhead Protection Coordinator Louisville Water Company Northern Cardinal Winner of the Exemplary Source Water Protection Award, 2009, American Water Works Association 2009 Outstanding Watershed Project Kentucky-Tennessee Water Environment Association Page 16 Page 1 Kentucky’s Birds Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum The state of Kentucky is an ecologically diverse state that Milkvetch Astragalus canadensis transitions from alluvial and coastal plain soils of the Mississippi Butterfly Milkweed* Asclepias tuberose Asclepias verticillata Embayment in extreme western portion of the state to the Whorled Milkweed* Downy Wood Mint* Blephilia ciliate mountains of the Cumberland Plateau. Our diverse habitats Monkeyflower* Mimulus alatus include floodplain forests, upland forests, high elevation forests, Garden Phlox* Phlox paniculata grassland, riverine, and marsh habitats. Smooth Phlox* Phlox amoena Butterfly Milkweed Approximately 375 species of birds have been recorded in White Prairie Clover* Dalea candidum Kentucky, and, of these, about 150 species regularly breed in the Missouri Primrose* Oenothera missouri... state. These species can be classified as landbirds, waterbirds, Rattlesnake Master* Eryngium yuccifolium shorebirds, and waterfowl. Rose Mallow* Hibiscus moscheutos Rosinweed Silphium integrifolium This guidebook is not intended Royal Catchfly* Silene rigia to be the definitive reference Blue Sage* Salvia azuriea book for birds found within the Wild Senna* Cassia marilandica state.
Standard Abbreviations for Common Names of Birds M

Standard abbreviations for common names of birds M. Kathleen Klirnkiewicz I and Chandler $. I•obbins 2 During the past two decadesbanders have taken The system we proposefollows five simple rules their work more seriouslyand have begun record- for abbreviating: ing more and more informationregarding the birds they are banding. To facilitate orderly record- 1. If the commonname is a singleword, use the keeping,bird observatories(especially Manomet first four letters,e.g., Canvasback, CANV. and Point Reyes)have developedstandard record- 2. If the common name consistsof two words, use ing forms that are now available to banders.These the first two lettersof the firstword, followed by forms are convenientfor recordingbanding data the first two letters of the last word, e.g., manually, and they are designed to facilitate Common Loon, COLO. automateddata processing. 3. If the common name consists of three words Because errors in species codes are frequently (with or without hyphens),use the first letter of detectedduring editing of bandingschedules, the the first word, the first letter of the secondword, Bird BandingOffices feel that bandersshould use and the first two lettersof the third word, e.g., speciesnames or abbreviationsthereof rather than Pied-billed Grebe, PBGR. only the AOU or speciescode numbers on their field sheets.Thus, it is essentialthat any recording 4. If the common name consists of four words form have provision for either common names, (with or without hypens), use the first letter of Latin names, or a suitable abbreviation. Most each word, •.g., Great Black-backed Gull, recordingforms presentlyin use have a 4-digit GBBG.