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South-West Asia

Major Developments

For the first months of 2001, Afghanistan continued to experience the devastating effects of drought, human rights abuses, and continued conflict between the Taliban and Northern Alliance. Prior to September, attempts by the United Nations and donor governments to bring the warring Afghan factions to the negotiating table had failed. Despite this, some 21,000 refugees returned from Pakistan with UNHCR assistance. They were mostly Pashtuns who said they were going back to Afghanistan because they could no longer afford to live in Pakistan, where employment opportunities were becoming increasingly rare, and because they feared being deported. At the same time, more than 140,000 Afghans returned spontaneously from the Islamic Republic of Iran, without seeking assistance from UNHCR.

Others, however, continued to flee to neighbouring countries in search of assistance. The Islamic Afghanistan Republic of Iran and Pakistan, meanwhile, adopted Islamic Republic of Iran a closed border policy and deported Afghans who Pakistan did not have the required travel documents. 75190 Caswaname 13/06/02 16:20 Side 271 South-West Asia South-West

In the spring, in an apparent bid to deter Afghans ble cases to enter the country, authorising UNHCR from entering Pakistan, the Government of to establish a pre-registration camp near the border Pakistan stopped transferring newly arrived at Chaman, and to move new arrivals to new camps Afghans from a makeshift camp at Jalozai, where conditions were very bad, to more suitable Persons of Concern to UNHCR locations. Following an intervention by the UN Secretary General, a visit by the High Commis- Mln. Jan. 01, Total: 4,933,493 Dec. 01, Total: 5,293,488 sioner, and a relentless international media 4,5 campaign, the Government of Pakistan eventually agreed to allow UNHCR and NGO partners to 4,0 provide assistance to the new arrivals in Jalozai. 3,5

3,0 After 11 September and the subsequent US-led coa- lition’s military intervention in Afghanistan, 2,5 UNHCR and its partners prepared for an anti- 2,0 cipated exodus of some 1.5 million refugees and vi- gorously advocated for an open border policy with 1,5 all neighbouring States. 1,0

The Islamic Republic of Iran continued to maintain 0,5

its closed border policy and did not record any new 0 Afghan arrivals after 11 September. After initial Refugees Asylum- Returnees Other reluctance, the Government of Pakistan ultimately seekers responded positively to requests to allow vulnera-

UNHCR Global Report 2001 – 271 75190 Caswaname 13/06/02 16:20 Side 272

in Baluchistan. It is estimated that some 250,000 people fled to Pakistan. At the end of the year, the Government also allowed the transfer of refugees from the Jalozai camp and from urban centres to new camps in North West Frontier Province.

Challenges and Concerns

In the first part of the year, the military and political stalemate within Afghanistan, combined with drought and devastation of

South-West Asia the country as a whole, continued Pakistan: Having fled the violence in their country, Afghan refugees are seen here at a to hamper efforts to find durable camp in neighbouring Pakistan. UNHCR solutions to the plight of the Afghan refugees. UNHCR’s focus shifted from preparing to receive and assist huge numbers of new arrivals in the In the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan, neighbouring asylum countries, to preparation for UNHCR faced difficulties in upholding its protec- a mass return into Afghanistan, and assistance for tion mandate, particularly in attempting to per- IDPs. While much attention was directed to suade these Governments to relax their strict policy Afghanistan, the situation in Pakistan and the on new arrivals. Islamic Republic of Iran continues to merit attention. In addition to the large numbers of refugees In September, the focus of the international commu- already hosted by these countries prior to the nity was on Afghanistan, and donors responded events of 11 September, UNHCR was assisting positively to appeals for funds for the anticipated 250,000 Afghans believed to have fled into Pakistan refugee exodus. Meanwhile, all international staff during the military campaign. were withdrawn to ofﬁces in neighbouring countries, and national staff did their best to continue with the programme, security permitting. Progress Toward Solutions

The evacuated staff, backed up by emergency teams While UNHCR continues to provide assistance to and with support from offices in neighbouring coun- refugees who are living in refugee camps, towns tries, worked to stockpile relief items and to identify and villages in countries of asylum, voluntary repa- and prepare camp sites. They also tried to establish triation remains the most likely durable solution to temporary protection measures, by advocating open the Afghan refugee situation. The neighbouring borders and negotiating with the authorities to ensure countries remain extremely reluctant to consider that people fleeing the war and persecution could find local integration despite evidence of a sizeable num- temporary refuge in the surrounding countries. ber of refugees having successfully integrated into the local population. At the end of the year, all the old assumptions were jettisoned. The apparent collapse of the Taliban and It is now anticipated that the hope of relative the signing of the Bonn Agreement establishing the peace and stability in Afghanistan will pave the Interim Administration brought a new spirit of way for a major voluntary repatriation from optimism, and generous international offers of neighbouring asylum countries as well as their help to set Afghanistan back on its feet. reintegration back into their country of origin.

272 – UNHCR Global Report 2001 75190 Caswaname13/06/0216:20Side273 separate country chapters. country separate Iran of Republic forward. to comes agency funds other no aside where areas in set intervene has but meet needs, to returnees’ education and health as such expertise sectors in specific with organisations on relying is UNHCR shelter. and supplies water ensure to projects impact quick via reintegration initial ing support- in and returnees, of rights framework the covering legal a of implementation and ment establish- the in Government new the supporting on focus will Afghanistan in assistance UNHCR’s ously to this emergency appeal. emergency this to ously for gener- and respondedrapidly donors Many funds. appeal new a issued UNHCR September, 11 from outflow after strikes military the resultof a refugee as Afghanistan, large a Expecting 2001. picture of months latter The the during refugees. significantly changed Afghan the for budget Thus, UNHCR has repeatedly been forced to cut its many donors. This translated into reduced funding. December among frustration of sense mounting a in to led 2001, agreement Bonn the of signing the Talibanthe and of fall the to prior solution of kind progressof towardsany lack the and refugeecrisis For many years the protracted nature of the Afghan Funding in operations UNHCR’s Operations and Pakistan Afghanistan r dsrbd in described are , the , Islamic NC lblRpr 01– UNHCR GlobalReport2001 273

South-West Asia >> Supplementary Supplementary ) USD ( Income Contribution Income Contribution Annual Programme BudgetAnnual Programme Budget Programme 1 Islamic Republic of IranPakistan AsiaSouth-West 5,137,606Islamic Republic of Iran 5,137,606Pakistan AsiaSouth-West 3,000,000 442,550 3,000,000 0 0 442,550 450,000 1,000,000 0 450,000 1,000,000 0 0 134,838 7,113,725 4,411,312 134,838 2,135,010 7,113,725 0 4,411,312 2,135,010 Islamic Republic of IranPakistan AsiaSouth-West 234,753Pakistan 234,753 AsiaSouth-West 1,626,794 0 1,626,794 0 4,195,229 0 0 0 4,195,229 0 4,460,303 0 4,460,303 0 500,000 14,050 500,000 14,050 Islamic Republic of IranPakistan 1,740,812 AsiaSouth-West 1,740,812Pakistan 2,625,010 2,625,075 0 0 1,836,545 469,822 0 0 1,836,547 469,822 772,213 772,213 0 0 Pakistan AsiaSouth-West 46,994 0 46,994 0 601,398 245,871 601,398 245,871 Voluntary Contributions – Restricted – Restricted Contributions Voluntary (ARG) Asia South-West 0 0 4,509 4,509 (SPA) Asia South-West 0 0 203,835 432,895 (GFR) Islamic Republic of Iran 57,873 57,873 0 0 (FRA) Asia South-West 750 750 382,906 382,906 – UNHCR Global Report 2001 Japan Afghanistan 2,780,000 2,780,000 0 0 IndonesiaInt. Islamic Relief (SAU)IrelandIslamic Association of Bahrain (BAH)Italy Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan Asia South-West 10,000 10,000 Afghanistan 10,000 10,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,000 0 349,789 0 349,789 20,000 84,599 84,599 Giorgio Armani (ITA)Giorgio Greece & Mrs. (PAK) Mr. Husain Afsar, Asia South-West Afghanistan Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0 100,000 0 100,000 0 0 164,327 0 164,327 7,500 0 7,500 FranceGermany Islamic Republic of Iran Afghanistan 469,822 469,822 328,957 328,957 0 2,324,057 2,324,057 0 FinlandFinnish Ref. Council (FIN) Asia South-West Afghanistan 0 462,478 0 462,478 15,290 0 15,290 0 Building Contractors (ARE) El-Eslah Society of Bahrain (BAH)España con ACNUR CommissionEuropean Pakistan Afghanistan 13,000 13,000 680,272 680,272 15,000 15,000 0 0 ChileChinaCzech RepublicDenmarkDeutsche Stiftung Asia South-West Asia South-West Pakistan Asia South-West 0 1,438,849 0 1,438,849 0 0 0 3,983,689 3,983,689 107,325 0 20,000 107,325 20,000 62,700 62,700 Individual Donor (SWI)Argentina con ACNUR AustraliaAustralia for UNHCR (AUL)Canada Asia South-West Asia South-West Asia South-West 0 Pakistan 0 1,284,027 0 1,284,027 0 500,000 1,951,220 400,000 43,663 500,000 1,951,220 400,000 43,663 1,915,174 1,915,174 DonorAction Réfugiés Individual Donor (UK) Asia South-West Earmarking 0 0 250,000 250,000 274 Egyptian Fed. for Construction and Pakistan 0 0 7,475 7,475

South-West Asia 75190 Caswaname 13/06/02 16:20 Side 274 Side 16:20 13/06/02 Caswaname 75190 75190 Caswaname13/06/0216:20Side275 lvkaSuhWs sa001168131,658 35,000 131,658 35,000 0 516,146 0 0 516,146 0 2,796 3,042 0 56,480 1,648 0 0 2,226 2,796 1,816 3,042 56,480 20,849 1,648 1,222 2,226 27,777 0 1,816 5,000 20,849 501 South-West Asia 0 0 0 1,222 1,399 27,777 South-West 0 Asia 0 5,000 0 0 501 0 1,399 0 0 0 0 0 South-West Asia 0 0 0 0 Pakistan 0 0 0 251 511 0 33,768 243 Slovakia 0 0 1,465 Singapore 513 500 0 Save theChildren Sweden South-West 6,103 Asia South-West Asia 33,768 South-West Asia 251 0 Republic ofKorea 511 9,340 243 1,465 0 South-West Asia Private DonorsUnitedStatesofAmerica South-West Asia 15,390 513 7,049 Private DonorsUnitedKingdom 500 6,103 0 South-West Asia 494 Private DonorsSwitzerland 0 9,340 Private DonorsSweden South-West Asia 0 South-West Asia 0 15,390 0 0 7,049 Private DonorsSingapore 0 South-West Asia 494 Private DonorsPortugal 0 0 South-West 0 Asia 0 Private DonorsPakistan 15,500 0 South-West Asia 117,608 South-West Asia Private DonorsNetherlands 0 0 0 66,255 0 Private DonorsMexico 0 0 0 5,000,333 91,827 117,608 15,500 Private DonorsMalaysia Afghanistan 0 0 0 0 Private DonorsLuxembourg 5,000,333 66,255 200,000 Private DonorsKorea 0 91,827 0 Private DonorsJapan 0 0 449,438 0 South-West Asia 12,500 200,000 0 83,333 0 246,445 18,022 South-West Asia 0 South-West Asia South-West Asia 449,438 Private DonorsItaly 1,500,000 62,112 0 0 12,500 Afghanistan Private DonorsIslamicRep.ofIran 83,333 246,445 South-West Asia 0 South-West Asia 18,022 0 Private DonorsHongKongSAR,China 1,500,000 0 62,112 Private DonorsGreece South-West Asia 0 South-West Asia Private DonorsGermany 0 0 0 0 Private DonorsFrance Pakistan South-West Asia 0 212,419 Private DonorsCyprus 0 Pakistan Private DonorsChina Private DonorsCanada 212,419 Pakistan South-West Asia 0 171,430 0 Private DonorsAustria 0 South-West Asia 0 Private DonorsAustralia Pakistan 0 684,759 South-West 171,430 Asia “Pavarotti andFriends”(ITA) Pakistan OPEC Fund 684,759 Onnuri Church (KOR) 0 Pakistan South-West Asia South-West Asia Norway South-West Asia 0 Netherlands South-West Asia Pakistan Myochikai ArigatouFound.(JPN) 0 Morocco Monaco 0 Malaysia Luxembourg Lithuania Liechtenstein Latvia Kuwait South-West Pakistan Asia Jordanian HashemiteCharityOrg. (JOR) Japan AssociationforUNHCR(JPN) aitn6579657900 0 1,832,537 1,832,537 665,749 810,545 665,749 4,599 810,545 4,599 South-West Asia Pakistan 5,444,452 0 5,444,452 0 0 341,451 341,451 0 South-West Asia 0 South-West Asia 0 South-West Asia ot-etAi 66516,615 16,615 0 0 South-West Asia NC lblRpr 01– UNHCR GlobalReport2001 275 >> South-West Asia ghan Situation (Supplementary ibutions, opening balances and adjustments. ) USD ( ) USD ( and Trust Fundsand Trust Budget Programme Income Contribution Income Contribution Annual Programme BudgetAnnual Programme Supplementary 43,607,697 43,607,762 78,517,298 78,746,360 1 Revised Budget Expenditure Budget and Expenditure 434,500 23,058,644 23,493,144 285,000 20,858,343 21,143,343 Annual Supplementary Annual Supplementary Pakistan AsiaSouth-West 12,361,700 1,150,000 12,361,700 1,150,000 14,000,000 14,000,000 141,592 141,592 South-West AsiaSouth-West Pakistan AsiaSouth-West 0Islamic Republic of Iran 290,698 0 AsiaSouth-West 0 290,698 9,709 0 934,579 9,709 0 934,579 0 952,597 952,597 0 0 0 163,437 0 163,437 South-West AsiaSouth-West 0 0 321,111 321,111 Programme Programme Programme Programme Voluntary Contributions – Restricted – Restricted Contributions Voluntary (NET) Asia South-West 0 0 20,000 20,000 1 2 – UNHCR Global Report 2001 Includes scholarships for refugee students (Annual Programme Budget) and international procurement of non-food items for the Af Budget) and international procurement students (Annual Programme Includes scholarships for refugee For more information on the various earmarkings, please refer to the Donor Profiles. various earmarkings, please refer information on the For more contr voluntary contributions, lightly restricted unrestricted also included funds available for obligation in the region Total Programme Budget). Programme PakistanRegional Projects 1 21,078,681 14,124,628 35,203,309 16,952,370 10,603,078 27,555,448 AfghanistanIslamic Republic of Iran 15,961,971 2,628,250 16,861,776 8,777,878 8,083,898 13,007,208 18,590,221 7,337,774 5,669,434 12,962,894 1,388,056 14,350,950 1 2 USA for UNHCR (USA)Venezuela Conf. on Religion (JPN)World TOTAL Pakistan Afghanistan Asia South-West 56,323 30,990 56,323 30,990 0 1,383,200 0 1,383,200 0 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 UK for UNHCR (GBR) (AUS) Vienna Guild, UN Women’s UNFPAUnited States of America Pakistan Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Iran 400,000 8,289 Pakistan 0 400,000 8,289 0 0 33,781 0 2,854 33,781 0 2,854 0 0 0 Charity Association (LYB) Society Red Crescent Tunisian United Kingdom Asia South-West Asia South-West 0 0 0 50,000 0 50,000 4,181,295 4,181,295 Stichting Hartekreet SwedenSwitzerland Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Iran 581,395 581,395 0 0 0 463,822 0 463,822 Sokka Gakkai Youth Peace Conf. (JPN)Sokka Gakkai Youth Asia South-West Spain 0 Afghanistan 0 100,000 100,000 0 0 160,556 160,556 Country Budget Budget Total Budget Budget Total Donor Earmarking 276 The Qaddafi Internat. Found. For Pakistan 0 0 752,030 752,030 TOTAL TOTAL 46,253,030 47,895,420 94,148,450 76,056,949 37,538,038 38,518,911

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