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First State of the Environment Report for Liberia - 2006 First State of the Environment Report for Liberia - 2006

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First State of the Environment Report for Liberia - 2006 First State of the Environment Report for Liberia - 2006 FIRST STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT FOR LIBERIA - 2006 FIRST STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT FOR LIBERIA - 2006 Copyright © 2006 United Nations Development Programme This report has been prepared by the United Nations Development Programme for the Government of Liberia. Reproduction of this publication for educational or any other non- commercial purpose is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other purposes is prohibited without the prior permission in writing from the Government. Produced by UNDP P.O. Box 274 Monrovia, Liberia Vsat: 0031205407121 or 122 Fax: +31205407127 E-M: [email protected] In Collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Liberia P.O. Box 4024 4th Street, Tubman Blvd., Sinkor 1000 Monrovia 10, Liberia ii Table of contents FOREWORD...........................................................................................................................................................vi Acknowledgement..............................................................................................................................................viii Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................ix 1 OVERVIEW OF LIBERIA’S ENVIRONMENT ...........................................................................................11 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................11 Key Aspects of Liberia’s Environment ..............................................................................................................11 Recommendations...............................................................................................................................................18 2 ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................20 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................20 History of Liberia’s economy .............................................................................................................................20 The current state of the economy........................................................................................................................21 Social and economic issues.................................................................................................................................27 Conclusion and recommendations......................................................................................................................28 3 LAND RESOURCES AND USE .......................................................................................................................30 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................30 Land Resources Issues ........................................................................................................................................30 Land-Use Systems...............................................................................................................................................33 Institutional and Policy Framework for Land Management ..............................................................................35 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................................35 4 WATER RESOURCES AND USE ..................................................................................................................37 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................37 Surface Water......................................................................................................................................................37 Ground Water......................................................................................................................................................38 Water Supply and Demand .................................................................................................................................39 Water for Different Uses.....................................................................................................................................42 Institutional Arrangements..................................................................................................................................45 Conclusions and Recommendations...................................................................................................................46 5 BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES AND LAND USE........................................................................................48 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................48 Biodiversity of Different Ecosystems and Landscapes......................................................................................48 Alien Invasive Species (AIS)..............................................................................................................................59 The Management of Biodiversity in Liberia ......................................................................................................61 Biotechnology and Biosafety..............................................................................................................................64 Conclusion and Recommendations.....................................................................................................................68 6 POPULATION AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.........................................................................................70 Basic Population Indicators ................................................................................................................................70 Migration and Environment................................................................................................................................72 The Population Policy.........................................................................................................................................74 Recommendations and Conclusions...................................................................................................................75 7 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SANITATION ............................................................................................76 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................76 State of the Waste Management Sector..............................................................................................................76 Environmental Health and Sanitation.................................................................................................................82 Institutional and Legal Framework.....................................................................................................................83 Conclusion and Recommendations.....................................................................................................................85 8 INDUSTRY AND TRADE.................................................................................................................................87 Industry................................................................................................................................................................87 Mining .................................................................................................................................................................88 Trade....................................................................................................................................................................93 Tourism ...............................................................................................................................................................96 Transport ...........................................................................................................................................................100 Recommendations.............................................................................................................................................102 9 ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE...........................................................................................................104 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................104 State of Energy Production and Use.................................................................................................................104 iii Energy and Climate Change .............................................................................................................................109 Efforts to Deal with Climate
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