Download Article
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society Heather Langford Theses submitted for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Centre of Asian Studies University of Adelaide May 2009 ii Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the research requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Centre of Asian Studies School of Humanities and Social Sciences Adelaide University 2009 iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1. Literature Review..............................................................................13 1.2. Chapter summary ..............................................................................17 1.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................19 2. Background .......................................................................................20 2.1. Pre Han History.................................................................................20 2.2. Qin Dynasty ......................................................................................24 2.3. The Han Dynasty...............................................................................25 2.3.1. Trade with the West............................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................32 3. Textiles and Technology....................................................................33 -
Ps TOILETRY CASE SETS ACROSS LIFE and DEATH in EARLY CHINA (5 C. BCE-3 C. CE) by Sheri A. Lullo BA, University of Chicago
TOILETRY CASE SETS ACROSS LIFE AND DEATH IN EARLY CHINA (5th c. BCE-3rd c. CE) by Sheri A. Lullo BA, University of Chicago, 1999 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2003 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts & Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2009 Ps UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS & SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Sheri A. Lullo It was defended on October 9, 2009 and approved by Anthony Barbieri-Low, Associate Professor, History Dept., UC Santa Barbara Karen M. Gerhart, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Bryan K. Hanks, Associate Professor, Anthropology Anne Weis, Associate Professor, History of Art and Architecture Dissertation Advisor: Katheryn M. Linduff, Professor, History of Art and Architecture ii Copyright © by Sheri A. Lullo 2009 iii TOILETRY CASE SETS ACROSS LIFE AND DEATH IN EARLY CHINA (5th c. BCE-3rd c. CE) Sheri A. Lullo, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2009 This dissertation is an exploration of the cultural biography of toiletry case sets in early China. It traces the multiple significances that toiletry items accrued as they moved from contexts of everyday life to those of ritualized death, and focuses on the Late Warring States Period (5th c. BCE) through the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), when they first appeared in burials. Toiletry case sets are painted or inlaid lacquered boxes that were filled with a variety of tools for beautification, including combs, mirrors, cosmetic substances, tweezers, hairpins and a selection of personal items. Often overlooked as ordinary, non-ritual items placed in burials to comfort the deceased, these sets have received little scholarly attention beyond what they reveal about innovations in lacquer technologies. -
Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin
Journal of chinese humanities 5 (2019) 124-148 brill.com/joch Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin Ge Zhaoguang 葛兆光 Professor of History, Fudan University, China [email protected] Abstract This article is not concerned with the history of aesthetics but, rather, is an exercise in intellectual history. “Illustrations of Tributary States” [Zhigong tu 職貢圖] as a type of art reveals a Chinese tradition of artistic representations of foreign emissaries paying tribute at the imperial court. This tradition is usually seen as going back to the “Illustrations of Tributary States,” painted by Emperor Yuan in the Liang dynasty 梁元帝 [r. 552-554] in the first half of the sixth century. This series of paintings not only had a lasting influence on aesthetic history but also gave rise to a highly distinctive intellectual tradition in the development of Chinese thought: images of foreign emis- saries were used to convey the Celestial Empire’s sense of pride and self-confidence, with representations of strange customs from foreign countries serving as a foil for the image of China as a radiant universal empire at the center of the world. The tra- dition of “Illustrations of Tributary States” was still very much alive during the time of the Song dynasty [960-1279], when China had to compete with equally powerful neighboring states, the empire’s territory had been significantly diminished, and the Chinese population had become ethnically more homogeneous. In this article, the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” [Wanfang zhigong tu 萬方職貢圖] attributed to Li Gonglin 李公麟 [ca. -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2016 ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 6, 2016 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 21–471 PDF WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 19:58 Oct 05, 2016 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\AR16 NEW\21471.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Cochairman Chairman JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina TOM COTTON, Arkansas TRENT FRANKS, Arizona STEVE DAINES, Montana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois BEN SASSE, Nebraska DIANE BLACK, Tennessee DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio GARY PETERS, Michigan MICHAEL M. HONDA, California TED LIEU, California EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS CHRISTOPHER P. LU, Department of Labor SARAH SEWALL, Department of State DANIEL R. RUSSEL, Department of State TOM MALINOWSKI, Department of State PAUL B. PROTIC, Staff Director ELYSE B. ANDERSON, Deputy Staff Director (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 19:58 Oct 05, 2016 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 U:\DOCS\AR16 NEW\21471.TXT DEIDRE C O N T E N T S Page I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 5 Recommendations to Congress and the Administration .............................. -
Are China's Water Resources for Agriculture Sustainable? Evidence from Hubei Province
sustainability Article Are China’s Water Resources for Agriculture Sustainable? Evidence from Hubei Province Hao Jin and Shuai Huang * School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-21-65903686 Abstract: We assessed the sustainability of agricultural water resources in Hubei Province, a typical agricultural province in central China, for a decade (2008–2018). Since traditional evaluation models often consider only the distance between the evaluation point and the positive or negative ideal solution, we introduce gray correlation analysis and construct a new sustainability evaluation model. Our research results show that only one city had excellent sustainable development capacity of agricultural water resources, and the evaluation value of eight cities fluctuated by around 0.5 (the median of the evaluation result), while the sustainable development capacity of agricultural water resources in other cities was relatively poor. Our findings not only reflect the differences in the natural conditions of water resources among various cities in Hubei, but also the impact of the cities’ policies to ensure efficient agricultural water use for sustainable development. The indicators and methods Citation: Jin, H.; Huang, S. Are in this research are not difficult to obtain in most countries and regions of the world. Therefore, the China’s Water Resources for indicator system we have established by this research could be used to study the sustainability of Agriculture Sustainable? Evidence agricultural water resources in other countries, regions, or cities. from Hubei Province. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3510. https://doi.org/ Keywords: water resources; agricultural water resources; sustainability; gray correlation analysis; 10.3390/su13063510 evaluation model Academic Editors: Daniela Malcangio, Alan Cuthbertson, Juan 1. -
Study on the Relationship Between Guan Yu and Sun Quan (The Kingdom of Wu)
2019 International Conference on Cultural Studies, Tourism and Social Sciences (CSTSS 2019) Study on the Relationship between Guan Yu and Sun Quan (The Kingdom of Wu) Xinzhao Tang School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Keywords: Guan Yu; Sun Quan and the kingdom of Wu; Jingzhou Abstract: The alliance formation of Sun Quan and Liu Bei makes China's political structure gradually enter the “three kingdoms” era in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After the battle of Red Cliff, the alliance gradually breaks down. Many scholars pass the buck to Guan Yu. They think that the reason why the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei broke down at last is because Guan Yu was too headstrong and he didn’t pay much attention to better the relationship with Sun Quan. This paper discusses the breakdown of the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei from Guan Yu's point of view. 1. Introduction The formation of the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei is the result of the change of the political pattern since the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The powerful warlords destroyed the weak warlords, and the weak warlords had to form an alliance to fight against the powerful warlords for their survival. As Cao Cao and his army were marching toward the south, Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed an alliance and defeated Cao Cao in the battle of Red Cliff. After that, with the threat of Cao Cao gradually decreasing, the contradiction between the two forces began to become increasingly sharp. -
China, Das Chinesische Meer Und Nordostasien China, the East Asian Seas, and Northeast Asia
China, das Chinesische Meer und Nordostasien China, the East Asian Seas, and Northeast Asia Horses of the Xianbei, 300–600 AD: A Brief Survey Shing MÜLLER1 iNTRODUCTION The Chinese cavalry, though gaining great weight in warfare since Qin and Han times, remained lightly armed until the fourth century. The deployment of heavy armours of iron or leather for mounted warriors, especially for horses, seems to have been an innovation of the steppe peoples on the northern Chinese border since the third century, as indicated in literary sources and by archaeological excavations. Cavalry had become a major striking force of the steppe nomads since the fall of the Han dynasty in 220 AD, thus leading to the warfare being speedy and fierce. Ever since then, horses occupied a crucial role in war and in peace for all steppe riders on the northern borders of China. The horses were selectively bred, well fed, and drilled for war; horses of good breed symbolized high social status and prestige of their owners. Besides, horses had already been the most desired commodities of the Chinese. With superior cavalries, the steppe people intruded into North China from 300 AD onwards,2 and built one after another ephemeral non-Chinese kingdoms in this vast territory. In this age of disunity, known pain- fully by the Chinese as the age of Sixteen States (316–349 AD) and the age of Southern and Northern Dynas- ties (349–581 AD), many Chinese abandoned their homelands in the CentraL Plain and took flight to south of the Huai River, barricaded behind numerous rivers, lakes and hilly landscapes unfavourable for cavalries, until the North and the South reunited under the flag of the Sui (581–618 AD).3 Although warfare on horseback was practised among all northern steppe tribes, the Xianbei or Särbi, who originated from the southeastern quarters of modern Inner Mongolia and Manchuria, emerged as the major power during this period. -
Effect of Public Health Interventions on COVID-19 Cases
Respiratory epidemiology Original research Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215086 on 16 February 2021. Downloaded from Effect of public health interventions on COVID-19 cases: an observational study Weihong Qiu,1,2 Heng He,3 Peng Zhang,4 Wenwen Yang,4 Tingming Shi,5 Xing Wang,1,2 Ailian Chen,1,2 Li Xie,1,2 Meng Yang,1,2 Dongming Wang,1,2 Mingyan Li,4 Weihong Chen 1,2 ► Additional material is ABSTRACT published online only. To view Background As the epidemic of COVID-19 is gradually Key messages please visit the journal online (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ controlled in China, a summary of epidemiological thoraxjnl-2020- 215086). characteristics and interventions may help control its global What is the key question? spread. ► Since the outbreak, the full spectrum of the For numbered affiliations see Methods Data for COVID-19 cases in Hubei Province outbreak and the impact of non- pharmaceutical end of article. (capital, Wuhan) was extracted until 7 March 2020. interventions on COVID-19 in Hubei Province The spatiotemporal distribution of the epidemic in are still unclear. Correspondence to four periods (before 10 January, 10–22 January, 23 Professor Weihong Chen, What is the bottom line? January–6 February and 7 February–7 March) was Department of Occupational ► We analysed the effects of non- pharmaceutical and Environmental Health, evaluated, and the impacts of interventions were intervention measures, including district traffic School of Public Health, Tongji observed. interruption, wearing masks in public places Medical College, Huazhong Results Among 67 706 COVID-19 cases, 52 111 University of Science and and isolating infected patients and close (76.97%) were aged 30–69 years old, and 34 680 Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, contacts, on stopping the epidemic in Wuhan (51.22%) were women. -
The Ancient Chinese Notes on Hydrogeology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology Yu Zhou & François Zwahlen & Yanxin Wang Abstract The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology are people had profound insight into, and widespread use of, summarized and interpreted, along with records of some groundwater at a very early stage. The work summarized related matters, like groundwater exploration and utiliza- in this report involved collection and interpretation of the tion, karst springs, water circulation, water conservation available historical information on the ancient Chinese and saline-land transformation, mine drainage, and envi- perspective on hydrogeology and some related matters. It ronmental hydrogeology. The report focuses only on the introduces seven aspects of groundwater utilization and earliest recorded notes, mostly up until the Han Dynasty related issues. While hydrogeologists gather groundwater- (206 BC– AD 25). Besides the references cited, the related background data, ancient literature and books discussion in this report is based mainly on archaeological should be given as much attention as modern ones. material, the preserved written classic literature, and some Although numerous historical documents are available, assumptions and/or conclusions that have been handed very few hydrogeological records were found scattered down in legends to later ages. Although most material among them. It is hard to find them but they are useful for relates to ancient China, the lessons learned may have enriching the data and understanding the hydrogeological practical significance worldwide. Compared to other condition, and some literature contains records of col- contemporary parts of the world, ancient China, without lected data. -
Short-Term Outcomes of COVID-19 and Risk Factors for Progression
AGORA | | RESEARCH LETTER Short-term outcomes of COVID-19 and risk factors for progression To the Editor: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a worldwide health concern. The severity of COVID-19 has been classified as mild, moderate, severe and critical [1]. To date, there have been a few studies focused on the clinical course and outcome of critical cases [2–4]. However, information regarding outcomes of mild-to-moderate cases is lacking, despite the fact that mild-to-moderate cases have accounted for approximately 80% of laboratory-confirmed patients [1, 5]. This study aimed to investigate short-term outcomes of patients rated with different severities on admission, and to identify risk factors for progression, thereby helping the management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. All consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to The First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou and to Xiangyang Central Hospital (tertiary hospitals located in Jingzhou City and Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, China) between 16 January and 24 February 2020 were unselectively enrolled. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was made according to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program for COVID-19 (Trial Version 5), released by China’s National Health Commission [6], and complied with World Health Organization interim guidance [7]. Mild cases were defined when patients only presented with mild symptoms and did not have a radiographic appearance of pneumonia. Moderate cases were defined when patients presented with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and had a radiographic appearance of pneumonia. Severe cases were defined when patients presented with one of the following: 1) respiratory − distress with respiratory rate ⩾30 breaths·min 1; 2) finger oxygen saturation ⩽93% at resting state; 3) arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction ⩽300 mmHg. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Scribes in Early Imperial
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Scribes in Early Imperial China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Tsang Wing Ma Committee in charge: Professor Anthony J. Barbieri-Low, Chair Professor Luke S. Roberts Professor John W. I. Lee September 2017 The dissertation of Tsang Wing Ma is approved. ____________________________________________ Luke S. Roberts ____________________________________________ John W. I. Lee ____________________________________________ Anthony J. Barbieri-Low, Committee Chair July 2017 Scribes in Early Imperial China Copyright © 2017 by Tsang Wing Ma iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Professor Anthony J. Barbieri-Low, my advisor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, for his patience, encouragement, and teaching over the past five years. I also thank my dissertation committees Professors Luke S. Roberts and John W. I. Lee for their comments on my dissertation and their help over the years; Professors Xiaowei Zheng and Xiaobin Ji for their encouragement. In Hong Kong, I thank my former advisor Professor Ming Chiu Lai at The Chinese University of Hong Kong for his continuing support over the past fifteen years; Professor Hung-lam Chu at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for being a scholar model to me. I am also grateful to Dr. Kwok Fan Chu for his kindness and encouragement. In the United States, at conferences and workshops, I benefited from interacting with scholars in the field of early China. I especially thank Professors Robin D. S. Yates, Enno Giele, and Charles Sanft for their comments on my research. Although pursuing our PhD degree in different universities in the United States, my friends Kwok Leong Tang and Shiuon Chu were always able to provide useful suggestions on various matters. -
Research on Current Situation and Development Path of Marathon Events in Hubei Province
Journal of Sports Science 7 (2019) 65-70 D doi: 10.17265/2332-7839/2019.02.005 DAVID PUBLISHING Research on Current Situation and Development Path of Marathon Events in Hubei Province Li Bairan Department of Physical education and Training, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian, China Abstract: This paper studies and analyzes the basic situation of the marathon in Hubei Province in recent years by means of literature, field investigation and comparative analysis. It is concluded that: the number, scale and scope of marathon events in Hubei Province are increasing year by year. Inadequacies: low overall cultural literacy of participants, poor quality of the event service, further upgrading for the coverage and project setting, and lack of marketization of the event. Suggestions: improve the cultural literacy of participants in the event; comprehensively improve the service quality of the event; rationally adjust the event items and coverage; deeply explore the level of event development and realize the sustainable development of the marathon in Hubei Province. Key words: Hubei Province, marathon, status quo, development path. As the “Lowest Entrance Level” sport, marathon is increasing year by year. The level of events upgrades not only a competitive competition, but also a physical rapidly, and partial existence of event pause status quo, fitness activity for all people. To promote the such as the Jingmen Marathon and the Wufeng popularization of competitive sports when the citizens Marathon, has been closed [2, 3]. In such cases, how to attach importance to healthy living, the development of promote the stable development of the marathon event marathon in China is the result driven by government’s in Hubei Province has become an urgent problem to be requests, social needs and individual needs, etc.