Normative Power Europe: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives

Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics Edited by: Michelle Egan, American University, USA, Neill Nugent, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK, and William Paterson OBE, University of Aston, UK. Editorial Board: Christopher Hill, Cambridge, UK, Simon Hix, London School of Economics, UK, Mark Pollack, Temple University, USA, Kalypso Nicolaïdis, Oxford, UK, Morten Egeberg, University of Oslo, Norway, Amy Verdun, University of Victoria, Canada, Claudio M. Radaelli, University of Exeter, UK, Frank Schimmelfennig, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland. Following on the sustained success of the acclaimed European Union Series, which essentially publishes research- based textbooks, Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics publishes cutting edge research-driven monographs. The remit of the series is broadly defined, both in terms of subject and academic discipline. All topics of signifi- cance concerning the nature and operation of the European Union potentially fall within the scope of the series. The series is multidisciplinary to reflect the growing importance of the EU as a political, economic and social phenomenon. Titles include: Ian Bache and Andrew Jordan (editors) THE EUROPEANIZATION OF BRITISH POLITICS Richard Balme and Brian Bridges (editors) EUROPE-ASIA RELATIONS Building Multilateralisms Thierry Balzacq (editor) THE EXTERNAL DIMENSION OF EU JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS Governance, Neighbours, Security Michael Baun and Dan Marek (editors) EU COHESION POLICY AFTER ENLARGEMENT Derek Beach and Colette Mazzucelli (editors) LEADERSHIP IN THE BIG BANGS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Chris J. Bickerton EUROPEAN UNION FOREIGN POLICY From Effectiveness to Functionality Tanja A. Börzel (editor) COPING WITH ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION New Modes of Environmental Governance Milena Büchs NEW GOVERNANCE IN EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY The Open Method of Coordination Joan DeBardeleben and Achim Hurrelmann (editors) TRANSNATIONAL EUROPE Promise, Paradox, Limits Kenneth Dyson and Angelos Sepos (editors) WHICH EUROPE? The Politics of Differentiated Integration Michelle Egan, Neill Nugent and William E. Paterson (editors) RESEARCH AGENDAS IN EU STUDIES Stalking the Elephant Kevin Featherstone and Dimitris Papadimitriou THE LIMITS OF EUROPEANIZATION Reform Capacity and Policy Conflict in Greece Stefan Gänzle and Allen G. Sens (editors) THE CHANGING POLITICS OF EUROPEAN SECURITY Europe Alone? Heather Grabbe THE EU’S TRANSFORMATIVE POWER Eva Gross THE EUROPEANIZATION OF NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY Continuity and Change in European Crisis Management Adrienne Héritier and Martin Rhodes (editors) NEW MODES OF GOVERNANCE IN EUROPE Governing in the Shadow of Hierarchy Wolfram Kaiser, Brigitte Leucht and Michael Gehler TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS IN REGIONAL INTEGRATION Governing Europe 1945–83 Hussein Kassim and Handley Stevens AIR TRANSPORT AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Europeanization and its Limits Robert Kissack PURSUING EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM The European Union, International Organizations and the Politics of Decision Making Katie Verlin Laatikainen and Karen E. Smith (editors) THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED NATIONS Intersecting Multilateralisms Esra LaGro and Knud Erik Jørgensen (editors) TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Prospects for a Difficult Encounter Ingo Linsenmann, Christoph O. Meyer and Wolfgang T. Wessels (editors) ECONOMIC GOVERNMENT OF THE EU A Balance Sheet of New Modes of Policy Coordination Hartmut Mayer and Henri Vogt (editors) A RESPONSIBLE EUROPE? Ethical Foundations of EU External Affairs Philomena Murray (editor) EUROPE AND ASIA Regions in Flux Costanza Musu EUROPEAN UNION POLICY TOWARDS THE ARAB-ISRAELI PEACE PROCESS The Quicksands of Politics Daniel Naurin and Helen Wallace (editors) UNVEILING THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Games Governments Play in Brussels David Phinnemore and Alex Warleigh-Lack REFLECTIONS ON EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 50 Years of the Treaty of Rome Sebastiaan Princen AGENDA-SETTING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Emmanuelle Schon-Quinlivan REFORMING THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Roger Scully and Richard Wyn Jones (editors) EUROPE, REGIONS AND EUROPEAN REGIONALISM Asle Toje AFTER THE POST-COLD WAR The European Union as a Small Power Jonathan White POLITICAL ALLEGIANCE AFTER EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Richard G. Whitman and Stefan Wolff (editors) THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE Context, Implementation and Impact Richard G. Whitman (editor) NORMATIVE POWER EUROPE Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–9511–7 (hardback) and ISBN 978–1–4039–9512–4 (paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. Normative Power Europe Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives Edited by Richard G. Whitman Professor of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent, UK Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Richard G. Whitman 2011 All other chapters © respective authors 2011 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–0–230–57764–0 hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Normative power Europe : empirical and theoretical perspectives / edited by Richard G. Whitman. p. cm. — (Palgrave studies in European Union politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–230–57764–0 (hardback) 1. European Union countries—Foreign relations. 2. European Neighbourhood Policy (Program) 3. European Union. I. Whitman, Richard G. II. Title. III. Series. JZ1570.N67 2011 341.2422—dc22 2011005256 10987654321 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne Contents List of Tables and Figure vii Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations ix Notes on Contributors xi 1 Norms, Power and Europe: A New Agenda for Study of the EU and International Relations 1 Richard G. Whitman Part I Perspectives on Power 2 Legitimacy Through Norms: The Political Limits to Europe’s Normative Power 25 Chris J. Bickerton Part II Norms and the Neighbourhood 3 The European Union as a Regional Normative Hegemon: The Case of European Neighbourhood Policy 45 Hiski Haukkala 4 Mind the Normative Gap? The EU in the South Caucasus 65 Emma J. Stewart 5 Power Discourses and Power Practices: The EU’s Role as a Normative Power in Bosnia 83 Ana E. Juncos Part III Global Perspectives 6 Normative and Military Power in EU Peace Support Operations 103 Annika Björkdahl 7 The European Union, the United States and Global Public Goods: Competing Models or Two Sides of the Same Coin? 127 Michael Smith 8 The EU’s Development Policy: Empirical Evidence of ‘Normative Power Europe?’ 141 Vicki L. Birchfield v vi Contents 9 Promoting Labour Standards Through Trade: Normative Power or Regulatory State Europe? 161 Jan Orbie Part IV Future Orientations 10 Human Security and the Search for a Normative Narrative 187 Mary Martin 11 Normative Power Europe and Conflict Transformation 210 Thomas Diez and Michelle Pace 12 The European Union’s Normative Power: Critical Perspectives and Perspectives on the Critical 226 Ian Manners Bibliography 248 Index 278 List of Tables and Figure Tables 8.1 Net value of the ODA provided by the EU, in million ¤ (current rate) 157 10.1 Foreign policy narrative logics 194 Figure 5.1 Democratic freedoms in Bosnia (1992–2006) 88 vii Acknowledgements The editor would like to extend thanks to Bilge Yabanci and to Marianne Skinner, PhD candidates in the Department of European Studies and Mod- ern Languages at the University of Bath, in the preparation of this volume. Both provided expert assistance in reviewing the state-of-the-art literature on Normative Power Europe and identifying

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