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Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body an Educator Guide Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body An Educator Guide Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body A Digital Learning Network Experience Designed To Share NASA's Space Exploration Program This publication is in the public domain and is not protected by copyright. Permission is not required for duplication. Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 2 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Table of Contents Digital Learning Network Expedition....................................................... 4 Expedition Overview ................................................................................. 5 Grade Level Focus Question Instructional Objectives National Standards.................................................................................... 5 Pre-Conference Requirements.................................................................6 Online Pre-Assessment Pre-Conference Requirement Questions Answers to Questions Expedition Videoconference Guidelines.................................................10 Audience Guidelines Teacher Event Checklist Expedition Videoconference Outline.......................................................12 Pre-Classroom Activities..........................................................................11 The Water Mystery Bag of Bones Post Conference........................................................................................19 Online Post Assessment Post-conference Assessment Questions NASA Education Evaluation Information System ..................................20 Certificate of Completion..........................................................................21 Vocabulary .................................................................................................22 Resources ............................................................................................................... ..27 Background Information...........................................................................28 Contributors and Developers...................................................................38 Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 3 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Digital Learning Network (DLN) Expedition A DLN Expedition is a one time connection that allows students to experience NASA first-hand. Each expedition features an integrated educational package of grade- appropriate instruction and activities centered around a 50 minute videoconference. Students participate in a Question and Answer session with a NASA JSC education specialist or a NASA Subject Matter Expert. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS Pre-Conference Requirements Online Pre-assessment A pre-assessment tool is available to determine the students’ level of understanding prior to the videoconference. Suggested answers are included. Expedition Videoconference Expedition Videoconference (50 minute conference) Long term exposure to a reduced gravity environment can affect the human body. During the event, students will develop an understanding of reduced gravity environments and why research and countermeasures are needed for human exploration of space. Join NASA’s Digital Learning Network as we visit NASA centers and learn about their unique facilities where reduced gravity experiments are conducted! Post-Conference Requirements Online Post-assessment A post-assessment tool is available to determine changes in student levels of understanding. NASA Education Evaluation Information System (NEEIS) Feedback Forms Educator and student feedback forms are available online for all DLN events. Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 4 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Expedition Overview Grade Level(s) 4-9 Focus Question What are the effects of long-term exposure to a reduced gravity environment on the human body? Instructional Objectives (accomplished through videoconferencing and pre- and post- activities) • Students will demonstrate an understanding of a reduced gravity environment and explain why research and countermeasures are needed for human exploration of space. • Students will make predictions and observe the effects of reduced gravity on the human body. National Standards National Science Education Standards Science as Inquiry - Content Standard A As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop: • Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry • Understandings about scientific inquiry Life Science - Content Standard C As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of Structure and Function in Living Systems. Disease is a breakdown in structures or functions of an organism. National Mathematics Standards Number and Operations Standard for Grades 6-8 In grades 6-8 all students should understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems. Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 5 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Pre-Conference Requirements Online Pre-Assessment A week before the event, students will need to take the online pre-conference assessment. This short assessment will provide useful background information for the presenters to prepare for the videoconference. Pre-Conference Assessment Questions 1. What is microgravity? 2. List the ways that microgravity is simulated on Earth for Astronaut training. 3. Bone loss and Muscle atrophy are effects that microgravity has on the human body. 4. What is fluid shift? 5. The cardiovascular system 6. Which body system controls the body position and balance? 7. Can you list some countermeasures to the affects of microgravity on the human body? 8. Which system provides shape and support, enables movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals? Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 6 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Pre-Conference Requirements Teacher’s Page with suggested answers: Answers to Pre and Post Assessment Questions 1. What is microgravity? The term, microgravity literally means small gravity, from the roots mikros (Greek) small + gravity. A microgravity environment (or μg), is defined as any environment where gravity levels are significantly reduced compared to those we experience at Earth’s surface. We refer to Earth’s surface environment as a one-gravity (1-g) environment. 2. List the ways that microgravity is simulated on Earth for Astronaut training. a. Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory – Pool b. KC-135 Reduced Gravity Airplane c. Drop Towers d. All the above 3. Bone loss and Muscle atrophy are effects that microgravity has on the human body. True False 4. What is fluid shift? Fluid shift refers to the shift of fluids from the lower to the upper body upon exposure to or recovery from microgravity 5. The cardiovascular system a. is the control and communication system for the body. It sends and receives messages. b. converts food we eat into energy for our bodies to use. c. consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away form cells. d. is made up of organs that help you breathe. Delivers oxygen to the body and takes away carbon dioxide. 6. Which body system controls the body position and balance? a. Skeletal b. Neurovestibular c. Muscular d. Digestive 7. Can you list some countermeasures to the affects of microgravity on the human body? Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 7 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Exercise Medications Pre-Flight Training Nutrition 8. Which system provides shape and support, enables movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals? a. Nervous System b. Digestive System c. Skeletal System d. Circulatory System Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 8 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Expedition Videoconference Guidelines Audience Guidelines Teachers, please review the following points with your students prior to the event: • Videoconference is a two-way event. Students and NASA presenters can see and hear one another. • Students are sometimes initially shy about responding to questions during a distance learning session. Explain to the students that this is an interactive medium and we encourage questions. • Students should speak in a loud, clear voice. If a microphone is placed in a central location instruct the students to walk up and speak into the microphone. • Teacher(s) should moderate students’ questions and answers. Teacher Event Checklist Date Pre-Conference Requirements Completed 1. Print a copy of the module. 2. Have the students complete the online pre-assessment. 3. Email questions for the presenter. This will help focus the presentation on the groups’ specific needs. 4. Review the Audience Guidelines, which can be found in the previous section. Day of the Conference Requirements 1. The students are encouraged to ask the NASA presenter qualifying questions about the Expedition. 2. Follow up questions can be continued after the conference through e-mail. Post - Conference Requirements 1. Have the students take the online Post-Assessment to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject. 2. Use the provided rubric as guidelines for content and presentation criteria. 3. Teacher(s) and students fill out the event feedback. Reduced Gravity: Effects on the Human Body Page 9 of 38 DLN-08-01-2008- JSC Expedition Videoconference Outline Introduction to Videoconference Long term exposure to a reduced gravity environment can affect the human body. During the event, students will develop an understanding of reduced gravity environments and why research and countermeasures are needed for human exploration of
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