Report to: - CEMEX UK Operations Ltd Wolverhampton Road Oldbury Warley West Midlands B69 4RJ

v. 4 – July 2018

Appendices to:

PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL OF LAND AT LIME KILN FARM, WANGFORD QUARRY, HILL ROAD, WANGFORD, SUFFOLK NR34 8AR

Unit 14B The Avenue High Street Bridgwater TA6 3QE www.aecol.co.uk

CONTENTS

APPENDIX A. BAT SPECIES CORE SUSTENANCE ZONES ……………………………... 1

APPENDIX B. PLANT SPECIES RECORDED AT LIME KILN FARM ON 3RD, 4TH & 5TH APRIL 2018 BY HENRY ANDREWS MSc CEcol MCIEEM …………………. 2

APPENDIX C. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES WITHIN LIME KILN FARM ………...... 4

APPENDIX D. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF FRESHWATER FISH WITHIN LIME KILN FARM …...... 50

APPENDIX E. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF AMPHIBIANS WITHIN LIME KILN FARM ……………………………… 56

APPENDIX F. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF REPTILES WITHIN LIME KILN FARM ………………………………… 64

APPENDIX G. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF SCHEDULE 1 AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF BIRDS WITHIN LIME KILN FARM …………………………………………………… 74

APPENDIX H. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS (EXCLUDING BATS) WITHIN LIME KILN FARM …………………………………………………………………………… 95

APPENDIX I. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF BATS WITHIN LIME KILN FARM …………………………...... 113

Report authors: Henry Andrews MSc CEcol MCIEEM, Louis Pearson BSc MSc GradCIEEM and Heather Anning BSc. Final proof: Henry Andrews. This report has been prepared by AEcol (Andrews Ecology Ltd) with all reasonable skill and diligence, within the terms agreed with the client. No part of the report may be reproduced without prior written approval of AEcol. No liability is accepted in respect of the use of data, conclusions or other material contained in this report for any purposes other than those specific to this report. © AEcol 2018

CEMEX UK OPERATIONS LTD PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL – APPENDICES Lime Kiln Farm ______

APPENDIX A. BAT SPECIES CORE SUSTENANCE ZONES.

A Core Sustenance Zone is defined as “an area surrounding a communal bat roost within which habitat availability and quality will have a significant influence on the resilience and conservation status of the colony using the roost” (Collins 2016). Table A1 sets out the Core Sustenance Zones for UK bat species as defined by Collins (2016).

Table A1. Core Sustenance Zones for UK bat species as defined by Collins (2016).

CORE SUSTENANCE CONFIDENCE IN BAT SPECIES ZONE RADIUS ZONE SIZE (km) Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus 6 Moderate Serotine Eptesicus serotinus 4 Poor Bechstein’s bat Myotis bechsteinii 1 Moderate Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtii 1 Poor Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii 2 Poor Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus 1 Poor Alcathoe bat Myotis alcathoe 1 Poor Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri 4 Good Unknown so Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis 6 maximum taken Leisler’s bat Nyctalus leisleri 3 Moderate Noctule Nyctalus noctula 4 Poor Nathusius’ pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii 3 Poor Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus 2 Poor Soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus 3 Good Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus 3 Poor Grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus 3 Moderate Greater horseshoe-bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 3 Moderate Lesser horseshoe-bat Rhinolophus hipposideros 2 Good

References

Collins J 2016. Bat Surveys for Professional Ecologists: Good Practice Guidelines – 3rd Edition. Bat Conservation Trust, London

______APPENDIX B. PLANT SPECIES RECORDED AT LIME KILN FARM ON 3RD, 4TH & 5TH APRIL 2018 BY HENRY ANDREWS MSc CEcol MCIEEM.

LATIN VERNACULAR Acer campestre Field maple Achillea millefolium Yarrow

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LATIN VERNACULAR Agrostis capillaris Common bent Agrostis stolonifera Creeping bent Alnus glutinosa Alder Anthriscus sylvestris Cow parsley Arum maculatum Lords-and-ladies Betula pendula Silver birch Betula pubescens Downy birch Bromus hordaceus Soft brome Bromus sterilis Barren brome Castanea sativa Sweet chestnut fontanum Common mouse-ear Chaerophyllum temulentum Rough chervil Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle Cirsium vulgare Spear thistle Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Coronopus didymus Lesser swine-cress Corylus avellana Hazel Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Dactylis glomerata Cock’s-foot Elymus repens Common couch Euonymus europaeus Spindle Festuca rubra Red fescue Fraxinus excelsior Ash Galium aparine Cleavers Geranium molle Dove’s-foot cranesbill Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy Hedera helix Ivy Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog Hypochaeris radicata Common cat’s-ear Ilex aquifolium Holly Lamium album White dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red dead-nettle Lolium perenne Perennial -grass Malva sylvestris Common mallow Narcissus sp. Daffodil cultivar Pinus sylvestris Scots pine lanceolata Ribwort plantain Poa annua Annual meadow-grass Poa trivialis Rough meadow-grass Populus sp. Poplar Primula vulgaris Primrose Prunus avium Wild cherry Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Quercus robur Pedunculate oak Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup Rosa arvensis Field rose

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LATIN VERNACULAR Rosa canina Dog rose Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved dock Sambucus nigra Elder Senecio vulgaris Groundsel Stellaria media Chickweed Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot Ulex europaeus Common gorse Ulmus minor English elm Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Veronica persica Common speedwell

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APPENDIX C. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

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Many invertebrates are dependent upon individual plant species within broad habitat types, where this is the case the habitat is cited with the food plant (i.e. A3 – Parkland/scattered trees with Fagus sylvatica). In addition, many invertebrates are dependent upon a combination of habitats in close association, where this is the case the habitats are cited thus; A1.1.1 – Broadleaved semi-natural woodland in association with G2 – Running water. All other dependencies are cited in brackets (i.e. E2 – Flush and spring (on calcareous ground)).

Note: This table excludes all marine S41 Species Priority Species. Where it is likely that these species will be encountered, they will be similarly assessed. Species considered extinct were also excluded from consideration.

DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Saline lagoon with deep soft Ivell’s sea mud. Distribution: anemone W&CA1 Distribution: G1.6 Brackish standing No Edwardsia ivelli S41 SPECIES England: Widewater Lagoon, water (saline lagoon) Habitat Present: (cnidarian) W Sussex and E Suffolk. May N/A be extinct. Saltmarshes & coastal lagoons, Starlet sea & also brackish ditches & G1.6 Brackish standing Distribution: anemone 1 Nematostella W&CA ponds. water (coastal No vectensis S41 SPECIES Distribution: lagoon/ditch/pond) Habitat Present: England: Scattered in SW, S, H2 Saltmarsh N/A (cnidarian) SE & E & also Cumberland. Jennings’s ribbon Pond (formerly a clay pit) & F1 Swamp with Distribution: worm pond margins in reedbeds. Phragmites australis No Prostoma S41 SPECIES Distribution: G1 Standing water (former Habitat Present: jenningsi England: Croston Pond, S (ribbon clay-pit) N/A worm) Lancashire. Nutrient-rich (i.e. naturally eutrophic) ponds connected to F Swamp, marginal & Crystal moss- slow-flowing rivers on debris inundation (emergents) Distribution: or stands of emergent G1.1 Eutrophic standing No Lophopus S41 SPECIES vegetation. water (pond) Habitat Present: crystallinus Distribution: G2 Running water (slow- N/A England: E Norfolk & N (bryozoan) flowing river) Lincolnshire. Wales: Brecknockshire. Brackish water lagoons & estuaries on submerged stones/plants/wood/artificial G1.6 Brackish standing Distribution: Trembling sea-mat W&CA1 substrates. water (lagoon) No Victorella pavida S41 SPECIES Distribution: G2.6 Brackish running Habitat Present: (bryozoan) England: Falmouth, W water (estuary) N/A Cornwall, River Thames, S Essex & Middlesex. Lagoonal shingle at water level De Folin’s lagoon G1.6 Brackish standing Distribution: snail amongst pebbles. water (lagoon) No Caecum W&CA1 Distribution: H1.2 Intertidal Habitat Present: armoricum England: The Fleet, Dorset, W shingle/cobbles N/A (mollusc) Sussex & E Kent. Brackish water habitats: saline Lagoon spire-snail lakes & non-tidal lagoons, & G1 Standing water Distribution: Heleobia also drainage ditches. (drainage ditch) No S41 SPECIES stagnorum Distribution: G1.6 Brackish standing Habitat Present: (mollusc) England: Worcestershire & S water (saline lake) N/A Hampshire. Bare mud exposed at low tide B5 Marsh/marshy on tidal sections of rivers grassland beneath emergent vegetation, F Swamp, marginal & Distribution: Swollen spire-snail & coastal/ inundation (emergents: No Mercuria similis S41 SPECIES floodplain grazing marsh Glyceria maxima & Habitat Present: (mollusc) where mosaic of partially Phragmites australis) N/A trampled vegetation and small G1 Standing water (small pools. pool)

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Distribution: G2 Running water (tidal England: S Hampshire, S section of river) Essex, E Suffolk & E Norfolk. Freshwater slow-flowing lakes & ponds with clear, hard water free from sediment & a firm Distribution: Glutinous snail substrate. G1.3 Oligotrophic standing No Myxas glutinosa W&CA1 Distribution: water (lake/pond) Habitat Present: (mollusc) England: Berkshire. N/A Wales: Llyn Tegid, Merionethshire. Nutrient poor waters in freshwater marshes (inc. B5 Marsh/marshy amongst shallowly flooded grassland with Molinia tussocks of purple moor-grass), caerulea Distribution: Mud snail small ditches, temporary or No Omphiscola glabra S41 SPECIES pools/seepages & track ruts in D Heathland Habitat Present: (mollusc) lowland heathland & both in association with N/A commons. G1 Standing water Distribution: (ditch/temporary pool) England & Wales: scattered. Unpolluted calcareous waters in well-vegetated marsh B5 Marsh/marshy drains/ditches, floodplains, grassland Distribution: Lesser whirlpool pools, streams, slow rivers & ram’s-horn snail EPS G1 Standing water Yes ox-bow lakes. Anisus vorticulus S41 SPECIES (ditch/pool/ox-bow lake) Habitat Present: Distribution: G2 Running water No (mollusc) England: SE & E, Cheshire & (stream/river) S Lancashire. Wales: Flintshire. Clean, slow-flowing calcareous water & densely vegetated Thames ram’s- margins in River Thames upper Distribution: F2 Marginal & inundation horn snail catchments. No Gyraulus S41 SPECIES G2 Running water (slow- Distribution: Habitat Present: acronicus flowing river) England: Berkshire, N/A (mollusc) Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire & E Suffolk.

B5 Marsh/marshy Clean, hard water ditches grassland The shining ram’s- Distribution: choked with rich aquatic plants in association with Yes horn S41 SPECIES on lowland grazing marshes. G1 Standing water (ditch) Segmentina nitida Habitat Present: Distribution: with Callitriche & No (mollusc) England & Wales: scattered. Potamogeton sp. & Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Damp hollows in coastal sparsely-vegetated sand dunes, & on bare mud in calcareous Distribution: Sandbowl snail W&CA1 seepages/flushes in uplands. E2.2 Basic flush (upland) No Quickella arenaria S41 SPECIES Distribution: H6 Sand dune Habitat Present: (mollusc) England: Braunton Burrows, N N/A Devon & Pennines, Westmorland. Well-drained lime-rich soils (chalk or limestone) in undisturbed grassy or scrubby Distribution: habitats. Calcareous: Roman snail No Helix pomatia W&CA2 Distribution: A2 Scrub Habitat Present: England: concentrated around B3 Calcareous grassland (mollusc) N/A Chilterns, North Downs, Cotswolds & Mendip fringes. Wales: Cardiganshire. Dry, short neutral & calcareous B2 Neutral grassland Cylindrical whorl- grassland in sandy/stony B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: snail ground, screes, rocks, base of H6 Sand dune No Truncatellina S41 SPECIES cylindrica stone walls, sand dunes & I1.2 Scree Habitat Present: disused limestone quarry. I2.1 Quarry (disused N/A (mollusc) Distribution: limestone) ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE England: W Sussex, W J2.5 Wall (stone) with Suffolk, Bedfordshire, SW Artemisia, Sedum & Yorkshire & County Durham. Thymus sp. Saltmarsh, base-rich fen meadows & freshwater seepage, sand dunes/slacks & B5 Marsh/marshy depressions in limestone grassland Distribution: Narrow-mouthed pavement. E2 Flush and spring whorl-snail S41 SPECIES Yes Distribution: E3 Fen Vertigo angustior Local BAP Habitat Present: England: Suffolk, Norfolk, H2 Saltmarsh No (mollusc) Northamptonshire, W H6 Sand dune Lancashire & SE Yorkshire. I1.3 Limestone pavement Wales: Glamorganshire & Camarthenshire. Calcareous flushes (alkaline fens) amongst moss, low- E2.2 Basic flush Distribution: Round-mouthed growing sedges & rich arctic- E3 Fen whorl-snail No S41 SPECIES alpine plants. both with moss, sedges, Vertigo genesis Habitat Present: Distribution: Primula farinosa & N/A (mollusc) England: SE, MW & NW Tofieldia pusilla Yorkshire & County Durham. Humid calcareous flush-fens (alkaline fens) fed by tufa- depositing springs with dense E2.2 Basic flush cover of low-growing grasses Distribution: Geyer’s whorl- E3 Fen snail & sedges free from mosses. No S41 SPECIES both with grasses, sedges, Vertigo geyeri Distribution: Habitat Present: Carex viridula & Schoenus England: W Norfolk, SE & NE N/A (mollusc) nigricans Yorkshire & Westmorland. Wales: Caernarfonshire & Anglesey. Calcareous: B5 Marsh/marshy grassland Calcareous lowland wetlands, E3 Fen fens & swamps with pools & F Swamp, marginal & ditches, & depressions in wet inundation Desmoulin’s meadows. All usually border all in association with Distribution: whorl-snail lakes, rivers or southern chalk G1 Standing water Yes Vertigo S41 SPECIES streams. (pool/ditch) Habitat Present: moulinsiana Distribution: or No (mollusc) England: Scattered. G2 Running water Wales: Radnorshire & (river/stream) Caernarfonshire. all with Carex riparia, C. acutiformis, Cladium mariscus & Glyceria maxima Still/slow-flowing hard waters in drainage ditches on lowland Large-mouthed B5 Marsh/marshy grazing marshes or fens with a Distribution: grassland valve-snail muddy substrate. Yes Valvata S41 SPECIES E3 Fen Distribution: Habitat Present: macrostoma G1 Standing water England: Scattered in S, SW & No (drainage ditch) (mollusc) E, also S Lincolnshire & SE Yorkshire. Fast-flowing clean streams & Freshwater pearl- rivers with fine gravel & coarse Distribution: mussel sand beds & free of turbidity. W&CA1 G2 Running water No Margaritifera Distribution: S41 SPECIES (stream/river) Habitat Present: margaritifera England: Scattered in SW, N/A (mollusc) Midlands & N. Wales: S, mid and N. Lower stretches of clean, slow- flowing lowland rivers, with a Compressed river- silt-sandy substrate. Distribution: mussel G2 Running water (slow- Distribution: No Pseudanodonta S41 SPECIES flowing river) England: Scattered in SE, E, Habitat Present: complanata Midlands & N. N/A (mollusc) Wales: Monmouthshire & Radnorshire. ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Calcareous rivers, streams & ponds. Fine-lined pea- Distribution: Calcareous: Distribution: mussel England: Scattered in SW, S, G1 Standing water (pond) No Pisidium S41 SPECIES SE & Midlands, also MW G2 Running water Habitat Present: tenuilineatum Yorkshire. (river/stream) N/A (mollusc) Wales: Monmouthshire & Flintshire. Large rivers (inc. canalised) Witham orb- with coarse sandy sediment. Distribution: Distribution: G2 Running water No mussel S41 SPECIES Sphaerium England: Great Ouse, (large river) Habitat Present: solidum (mollusc) Cambridgeshire & River N/A Witham, S Lincolnshire. Ponds & lagoons with gravel, Distribution: Lagoon sandworm sand & mud substrata. W&CA1 G1.6 Brackish standing No Armandia cirrhosa Distribution: S41 SPECIES water (pond/lagoon) Habitat Present: (worm) England: Dorset & S N/A Hampshire. Sheltered estuaries & lagoons. Tentacled lagoon- G1.6 Brackish standing Distribution: Distribution: worm W&CA3 water (lagoon) Yes England: Scattered in SW, S, Alkmaria romijni G2.6 Brackish running Habitat Present: SE, E & N. water (estuary) No (worm) Wales: Pembrokeshire.

Shallow freshwater eutrophic pools with standing water/slight flow, muddy bottoms & fringed with reed. Also streams & ditches in grazing marshes. Require food B5 Marsh/marshy resource of amphibians or grassland grazing stock, but also fish, G1.1 Eutrophic standing Distribution: Medicinal leech birds & other mammals. Water water (pool/ditch) No Hirudo medicinalis W&CA1 temperature should reach 20°C in association with Habitat Present: (worm) & pH range of 6.2-7.2 with a F1 Swamp with N/A low salinity. Phragmites australis Distribution: G2 Running water (stream) England: Scattered in SW, SE, E & Midlands, & also Warwickshire, Leicestershire & Westmorland. Wales: S, Mid and N.

Dry sandy heathland with some Ladybird spider bare or lichen covered patches, Distribution: Eresus W&CA1 well-drained soil & S-facing No D1 Dry heathland sandaliatus S41 SPECIES slopes. Habitat Present: (spider) Distribution: N/A England: Dorset only. A1.2 Coniferous forest Pine forest with open glades & (with Pinus sp. & open heathland in low, dry or dead glades) Distribution: vegetation. Small mesh- D1 Dry heathland No weaver Dictyna S41 SPECIES Distribution: (with Calluna vulgaris, Habitat Present: pusilla (spider) England: Dorset, E Kent, Erica sp., Juniperus N/A Surrey, W Norfolk, communis & young Pinus Staffordshire & NE Yorkshire. sp.) Dorset mesh- Dry sandy heathland with bare Distribution: stony areas & dry algal mats. No weaver S41 SPECIES D1 Dry heathland Altella lucida Distribution: Habitat Present: (spider) England: Morden Bog, Dorset. N/A Dry heathland amongst D1 Dry heathland Heath grasper Distribution: heather/under stones, also (with Calluna vulgaris & Haplodrassus No S41 SPECIES sometimes stable sand dunes or Erica sp.) dalmatensis Habitat Present: shingle on coast. H3 Shingle above high tide (spider) N/A Distribution: mark

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE England: Scattered in SW, S, H6 Sand dune SE & E. Wales: Anglesey. Fens amongst cut sedges (& Distribution: Rosser’s sac- tussocks) & reeds. E3 Fen Yes spider Clubiona S41 SPECIES Distribution: (with cut sedges & reeds) Habitat Present: rosserae England: W Suffolk & (spider) No Cambridgeshire. Dry sandy habitats: heathland, coastal grassland & sand Golden lantern- dunes. All sites are coastal D1 Dry heathland Distribution: apart from Breckland heaths. H6 Sand dune No spider S41 SPECIES Agroeca cuprea Distribution: H8.4 Coastal grassland Habitat Present: (spider) England: S Devon, E Sussex, E H8.5 Coastal heathland N/A Kent, W Suffolk, W Norfolk, S Lancashire & Westmorland. Short calcareous chalk & limestone grassland in stony Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland Southern crablet areas, especially near the coast, No Ozyptila nigrita S41 SPECIES H6 Sand dune & also sometimes sand dunes. Habitat Present: (spider) H8.4 Coastal grassland Distribution: N/A England: S & SE. Coastal sand dunes, especially on fore-dunes, on sand or Distribution: Sand running among marram. H6 Sand dune spider Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: (with Ammophila Philodromus fallax Habitat Present: England: SW, SE, E & also S arenaria) No (spider) Lancashire. Wales: S, Mid & N. Lichen-covered trees A1 Woodland Lichen running (broadleaved & coniferous), Distribution: spider (all types) sometimes in gardens & No Philodromus S41 SPECIES A3 Parkland/scattered trees orchards. Habitat Present: margaritatus (orchards/gardens) Distribution: N/A (spider) with lichens England: S. Whelk-shell Tide litter in empty whelk Distribution: jumper shells & in open on shingle. Yes Pseudeuophrys S41 SPECIES H1.2 Shingle obsoleta Distribution: Habitat Present: England: S & E coasts. No (spider) Lowland bogs, marsh & fen B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: amongst low vegetation. Sedge jumper grassland No Sitticus caricis S41 SPECIES Distribution: E1 Bog Habitat Present: England: Scattered. (spider) E3 Fen N/A Wales: Scattered. Former industrial sites with dry B Grassland Distinguished sparsely vegetated ground & Distribution: I2 Artificial jumper grassland with seasonally wet No Sitticus S41 SPECIES J4 Bare ground areas on sandy/stony substrate. Habitat Present: distinguendus J5 Other habitat Distribution: N/A (industrial) (spider) England: Essex & Kent. Dry sandy heathland with open Distribution: Great fox-spider stony areas. No Alopecosa fabrilis S41 SPECIES D1 Dry heathland Distribution: Habitat Present: (spider) England: Dorset & Surrey. N/A Yellow-striped Saltmarsh under mud, debris & Distribution: bear-spider stones. Yes Arctosa S41 SPECIES H2 Saltmarsh fulvolineata Distribution: Habitat Present: England: S & E coasts. No (spider) Fens, around small pools in old Fen raft spider E3 Fen Distribution: peat cuttings. Dolomedes W&CA1 with Cladium mariscus Yes Distribution: plantarius S41 SPECIES in association with Habitat Present: England: E Sussex & E Anglia. (spider) G1 Standing water (pools) No Wales: S. Silky gallows- Lowland heathland, scrub, A2 Scrub Distribution: coastal grassland & sand in association with Yes spider S41 SPECIES Dipoena inornata dunes. D Heathland Habitat Present: (spider) Distribution: H6 Sand dune No

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE England & Wales: Scattered in H8.4 Coastal grassland S half. Saltmarsh & brackish marshes, Distribution: under tidal litter, mud & Duffey’s bell-head Yes money spider vegetation. S41 SPECIES H2 Saltmarsh Habitat Present: Baryphyma duffeyi Distribution: No England: Suffolk, Essex & (spider) Kent. Woodland (all types) in moss Serrated tongue- & litter, chalk & acid Distribution: A1 Woodland (all types) spider grassland. No Centromerus S41 SPECIES B1 Acid grassland Distribution: Habitat Present: serratus B3 Calcareous grassland England: S, mainly Dorset, N/A (spider) Hampshire, Surrey & Essex. Very wet acid bogs in Sphagnum moss, grass & sedge Distribution: Welch’s money- E1 Bog spider Carex tussocks. No S41 SPECIES with Sphagnum & Carex Erigone welchi Distribution: Habitat Present: sp. (spider) England & Wales: Extremely N/A local. Cotton’s amazon Lowland Sphagnum bogs. Distribution: Distribution: E1 Bog No spider S41 SPECIES Glyphesis England: S, Cheshire, with Sphagnum sp. Habitat Present: cottonae (spider) Shropshire & Cumberland. N/A Dry heathland in litter & patches of bare ground, sand Peus’s long-back Distribution: dunes & dune slacks. spider D1 Dry heathland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Mecopisthes peusi H6 Sand dune Habitat Present: England: S, Cheshire & N/A (spider) Lancashire. Wales: Scattered. Limestone grassland & Calcareous: Distribution: sometimes woodland. Thin weblet A1.1 Broadleaved No Meioneta mollis S41 SPECIES Distribution: woodland Habitat Present: (spider) England & Wales: Scattered in B3 Calcareous grassland N/A S, E & central. Ancient woodland in litter, hollow trees & birds’ nests. A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Midas tree-weaver Distribution: natural woodland No Midia midas S41 SPECIES England: Nottinghamshire, A3.1 Broadleaved parkland Habitat Present: (spider) Leicestershire, Essex & with veteran/ancient trees N/A Berkshire. In south, woodland in moss on South: trunks & lower branches. In Broad groove- A1 Woodland Distribution: north, uplands & mountains head spider A3 Parkland/scattered trees No Monocephalus S41 SPECIES under rocks. with mosses Habitat Present: castaneipes Distribution: North: N/A England: Scattered in S & W. (spider) I Rock exposure & waste Wales: Scattered. Under stones, debris & cliff- Horrid ground- Distribution: faces in disused limestone weaver I2.1 Quarry (disused No Nothophantes S41 SPECIES quarries. limestone) Habitat Present: horridus Distribution: N/A (spider) England: Plymouth, Devon. A1 Woodland (wet) Wet heathland & fen with Swamp lookout A3 Scattered trees Distribution: spider mosses, under pine trees in D2 Wet heathland No Notioscopus S41 SPECIES swamp & wet woodland. E3 Fen Habitat Present: sarcinatus Distribution: with mosses N/A (spider) England & Wales: Scattered. F1 Swamp Damp woodland, scrub, peat A1 Woodland (damp) Triangle bog, fen & heathland amongst Distribution: A2 Scrub moss, leaf litter, pine needles & No hammock-spider S41 SPECIES D Heathland Saaristoa firma heather. Habitat Present: E1 Bog (spider) Distribution: N/A E3 Fen England & Wales: Scattered.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Cloud-living spider Wet places in upland mires B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: Semljicola amongst moss, rushes & grass. grassland No S41 SPECIES caliginosus Distribution: D2 Wet heathland Habitat Present: (spider) England: N. E Mire N/A Bend-bearing Coastal sand dunes in marram Distribution: H6 Sand dune blunt-brow spider & sea buckthorn litter. No S41 SPECIES with Ammophila arenaria Silometopus Distribution: Habitat Present: & Hippophae rhamnoides incurvatus (spider) England: Coasts of N. N/A Pine woodland & open dry Gentle groove- Distribution: heathland under deep litter & A1.2 Coniferous woodland No head spider S41 SPECIES moss. Tapinocyba mitis D1 Dry heathland Habitat Present: Distribution: (spider) N/A England: S central. Dry heathland, near pines trees Small-horned Distribution: walckenaer & woodland litter. D1 Dry heathland No Walckenaeria S41 SPECIES Distribution: in association with Habitat Present: corniculans England: Scattered in S & A1 Woodland N/A (spider) central. Clear, well-oxygenated White-clawed alkaline water in small streams, G1 Standing water Distribution: freshwater lakes, rivers, water-filled (lake/reservoir/flooded- crayfish W&CA2 Yes quarries & reservoirs. quarry) Austropotamobius S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: Distribution: G2 Running water pallipes No England: Central & N. (stream/river) (crustacean) Wales: Borders. Temporary pools (ponds to muddy ruts) in neutral G1 Standing water Distribution: Fairy shrimp grassland sites with regular (ephemeral) Chirocephalus No W&CA1 disturbance. in association with diaphanous Habitat Present: Distribution: B2 Neutral grassland N/A (crustacean) England: Devon, Cornwall, New Forest & Cambs. Saline lagoons. Lagoon sand- Distribution: shrimp Distribution: W&CA3 G1.6 Brackish standing No Gammarus England: S coast, Severn S41 SPECIES water Habitat Present: insensibilis Estuary, E Anglia & Humber. N/A (crustacean) Wales: S. Limestone caves, mines, Distribution: British cave E2 Flush & spring Niphargus underground wells & springs. No shrimp S41 SPECIES I1.5 Cave glenniei Distribution: Habitat Present: I2.3 Mine (crustacean) England: Devon & Cornwall. N/A Tadpole shrimp Seasonal brackish ponds which Distribution: Triops W&CA1 dry out in summer. G1.6 Brackish standing No cancriformis S41 SPECIES Distribution: water (seasonal ponds) Habitat Present: (crustacean) England: New Forest. N/A Coastal locations - deciduous Turk’s earth- woodland on vegetated cliffs Distribution: A1.1 Broadleaved centipede under stones & litter. No Nothogeophilus S41 SPECIES woodland Distribution: Habitat Present: turki H8 Maritime cliff & slope England: Isles of Scilly & Isle N/A (centipede) of Wight. A1 Woodland (also carr) Newly-ploughed pasture, B4 Improved grassland Kentish snake Distribution: millipede arable, woodland, wetlands, B5 Marsh/marshy No Metaiulus S41 SPECIES wet grassland & carr. grassland Habitat Present: pratensis Distribution: E3 Fen N/A (millipede) England: Kent. F1 Swamp J1.1 Arable Distribution: Boring millipede Old coppice woodland. A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Polyzonium No S41 SPECIES Distribution: natural woodland germanicum Habitat Present: England: Kent. (ancient coppice) (millipede) N/A Coastal woodland & scrub in Sand pill-millipede pockets of sand on cliffs & A1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: Trachysphaera outcrops. woodland No S41 SPECIES lobata Distribution: A2 Scrub Habitat Present: (millipede) England: Isle of Wight. H8 Maritime cliff & slope N/A Wales: Swansea.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Lowland rivers & streams, Southern iron blue amongst aquatic macrophytes F2.2 Inundation vegetation Distribution: in riffle areas. in association with Yes mayfly S41 SPECIES Nigrobaetis niger Distribution: G2 Running water Habitat Present: (mayfly) England & Wales: Widespread (river/stream) No but local. Pools & margins of large rivers Yellow mayfly amongst stones & sand. Distribution: Potamanthus Distribution: G2 Running water No S41 SPECIES luteus England: S & central (Wye, (river) Habitat Present: (mayfly) Herefordshire). N/A Wales: S & E (Usk). Fen & grazing marsh dyke & B5 Marsh/marshy ditch systems & small turf grassland Distribution: W&CA1 ponds with clean water & Norfolk hawker E3 Fen Yes Aeshna isosceles S41 SPECIES floating vegetation. F1 Swamp Habitat Present: (dragonfly) Local BAP Distribution: G1 Standing water No England: Norfolk & Suffolk with Stratoites aloides Broads. Base-rich slow-flowing rivers B5 Marsh/marshy Southern & streams, acid heathland & grassland Distribution: damselfly 1 Coenagrion W&CA water meadows in floodplains D Heathland No S41 SPECIES of chalk rivers. in association with Habitat Present: mercurial Distribution: G2 Running water N/A (damselfly) England & Wales: S & SW. (on calcareous ground) B5 Marsh/marshy Large marsh Wetlands, acid bogs, tussocky grassland (acid) Distribution: grasshopper grass & scrub. E1 Bog Yes Stethophyma S41 SPECIES grossum Distribution: E3 Fen Habitat Present: England: S. F1 Swamp No (grasshopper) with Molinia caerulea S-facing short turf on sand or B1 Acid grassland chalk soils with patches of bare Distribution: Field cricket B3 Calcareous grassland W&CA1 ground. Yes Gryllus campestris in association with S41 SPECIES Distribution: Habitat Present: J4 Bare ground (cricket) England: Surrey, Sussex & No (south-facing) Hampshire. Mole cricket Loose damp soil, edges of Distribution: E3 Fen Gryllotalpa W&CA1 wetlands & seepages. Yes F1 Swamp gryllotalpa S41 SPECIES Distribution: Habitat Present: F2 Marginal & inundation (cricket) England & Wales: Scattered. No

Chalk grassland, with areas of Wart-biter Distribution: bare ground. B3 Calcareous grassland Decticus W&CA1 No Distribution: in association with verrucivorus S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: England: Wiltshire, E Sussex, J4 Bare ground N/A (cricket) Dorset & Kent.

Northern February Rivers. Distribution: red Distribution: No Brachyptera S41 SPECIES G2 Running water (river) putata England: Hereford (Wye). Habitat Present: Wales: Usk. N/A (stonefly) A1.1.2 Broadleaved Apple lace-bug Orchards & hedgerows with Distribution: plantation woodland Physatocheila lichen-covered apple trees. No S41 SPECIES (orchard) smreczynskii Distribution: Habitat Present: J2 Hedgerows (bug) England: Cornwall & Devon. N/A with Malus sp. trees Sandy silt, near high water Distribution: Hairy shore-bug mark with sparse cord-grass. H6 Sand dune No Saldula setulosa S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Spartina sp. Habitat Present: England: Poole Harbour, (bug) N/A Dorset. Lesser water- Ponds & ditches in fenland. E3 Fen Distribution: Distribution: in association with Yes measurer S41 SPECIES Hydrometra England: Norfolk Broads & E G1 Standing water Habitat Present: gracilenta (bug) Sussex. G2 Running water No New Forest cicada Warm, sunny & S-facing Distribution: W&CA1 Warm & sunny, S-facing sites Cicadetta montana sites in: No S41 SPECIES in open grass or heathland, & (bug) B Grassland (open) Habitat Present: ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE woodland with scrub edges & D Heathland (open) N/A forest clearings. A1 Woodland Distribution: (forest clearings) England: New Forest ONLY in association with (thought to be extinct). A2 Scrub Coastal saltmarshes, dykes & sea walls where sea wormwood Distribution: Sea-wormwood H2 Saltmarsh leafhopper grows. No S41 SPECIES H8 Maritime cliff & slope Chlorita viridula Distribution: Habitat Present: with Artemisia maritima (bug) England: Thames Estuary & N N/A Kent coast. Large dune Coastal sand dunes with sparse Distribution: pioneer vegetation. H6 Sand dune No leafhopper S41 SPECIES Doratura impudica Distribution: with Elytrigia juncea Habitat Present: (bug) England: E Anglia coast & SE. N/A Carline thistle Tall calcareous grassland. Distribution: leafhopper Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland No S41 SPECIES Euscelis venosus England: Hampshire & (tall sward) Habitat Present: (bug) Worcestershire. N/A Ponds with broad-leaved Distribution: Pondweed G1 Standing water leafhopper pondweed. No S41 SPECIES (ponds) Macrosteles cyane Distribution: Habitat Present: with Potamogeton natans (bug) England: Surrey & Sussex. N/A Well-established chalk Distribution: Chalk planthopper grassland with grass tussocks. No Eurysa douglasi S41 SPECIES B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Habitat Present: (bug) England: Sussex & Kent. N/A Calcareous grassland with tall Distribution: Tall fescue fescue grass tussocks. planthopper B3 Calcareous grassland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Ribautodelphax with Festuca arundinacea Habitat Present: England: Dorset, Essex & imitans N/A (bug) Middlesex. B5 Marsh/marshy Shaded marshes & carrs, grassland Distribution: lowland wetland margins & Agonum scitulum E3 Fen No S41 SPECIES fens. (ground ) F Swamp, marginal & Habitat Present: Distribution: inundation N/A England: Medway, Kent. G2 Running water Damp areas in dry, sandy Distribution: Early sunshiner D1 Dry heathland heaths. No Amara famelica S41 SPECIES in association with Distribution: Habitat Present: D2 Wet heathland () England: Sussex & Yorkshire. N/A B1 Acid grassland Dry, open sandy heath, sandy Wormwood D1 Dry heathland Distribution: roadside verges & sand dunes. moonshiner D5 Dry heath/acid Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: Amara fusca grassland mosaic Habitat Present: England: Suffolk. (ground beetle) H6 Sand dune No Wales: S. with Artemisia campestris Distribution: Heath short-spur Dry, sandy heaths. Anisodactylus No S41 SPECIES Distribution: D1 Dry heathland nemorivagus Habitat Present: England: S (Hampshire). (ground beetle) N/A Saltmarsh short- Saltmarshes, open saline Distribution: spur G1.6 Brackish standing lagoons & brackish ditches. No Anisodactylus S41 SPECIES water Distribution: Habitat Present: poeciloides H2 Saltmarsh England: S & E coast. N/A (ground beetle) Thorne pin-palp Moist, lowland raised bogs. Distribution: Bembidion Distribution: E1 Bog No S41 SPECIES humerale England: Hatfield & Thorne E4 Bare peat Habitat Present: (ground beetle) Moors, Yorkshire. N/A Wetland margins, rivers, ponds Scarce four-dot F Swamp, marginal & Distribution: & bare silt lagoon margins. pin-palp inundation Yes Bembidion S41 SPECIES Distribution: G1 Standing water Habitat Present: quadripustulatum England: S half of E. G2 Running water No (ground beetle) Wales. Pale pin-palp Sandy or gravelly river banks Distribution: Bembidion S41 SPECIES by slow-moving water. G2 Running water (river) No testaceum Distribution: Habitat Present: ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE (ground beetle) England: N, S & E. N/A Wales: S. Waste ground & brownfield Streaked I2.2 Artificial rock sites with bare ground & sandy Distribution: exposure & waste bombardier beetle soil. No Brachinus S41 SPECIES J4 Bare ground Distribution: Habitat Present: sclopeta (ground J5 Other habitat England: Thames Corridor, N/A (industrial) beetle) London. Edges of large silt lagoons in Distribution: Silt silver-spot G1 Standing water Bracteon quarries. Yes S41 SPECIES in association with argenteolum Distribution: Habitat Present: I2.1 Quarry (ground beetle) England: Suffolk & Kent. No Old oak woodland & wood A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Lesser searcher pasture. natural woodland Distribution: Calosoma Distribution: A3.1 Broadleaved No S41 SPECIES inquisitor England: Devon, New Forest & parkland/scattered trees Habitat Present: (ground beetle) Lake District. J2.3 Hedge with trees N/A Wales. with Quercus sp. A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- natural woodland Moist old woodland & mossy A3.1 Broadleaved Distribution: wood pasture in river valleys & parkland/scattered trees Blue ground beetle No Carabus intricatus S41 SPECIES dead wood. in association with Habitat Present: (ground beetle) Distribution: E2 Flush & spring or N/A England: Cornwall & Devon. G2 Running water with Quercus sp. & Fagus sylvatica Cultivated fields, arable field A1 Woodland margins, grasslands, scrub, Distribution: Necklace ground A2 Scrub beetle S41 SPECIES sandy heaths, willow carr & Yes B Grassland Carabus monilis Local BAP woodland. Habitat Present: D1 Dry heathland Distribution: Yes (ground beetle) J1.1 Arable England: Central & S. Distribution: Very wet fens, bogs & flushes. Black night-runner No Chlaenius tristis S41 SPECIES Distribution: E Mire Habitat Present: Wales: N (Llyn peninsula). (ground beetle) N/A Dunes with open heath & Northern dune Distribution: grassland. H6 Sand dune No S41 SPECIES Distribution: hybrida Habitat Present: England: Lancashire & (ground beetle) N/A Cumbria coasts. Lowland heaths with patches Distribution: Heath tiger beetle of bare ground. No Cicindela sylvatica S41 SPECIES D1 Dry heathland Distribution: Habitat Present: (ground beetle) England: Dorset & Surrey. N/A Soft cliffs & grassy slopes on Distribution: Cliff tiger beetle coast. Cylindera No S41 SPECIES Distribution: H8 Maritime cliff & slope germanica Habitat Present: England: Dorset, Hampshire & N/A (ground beetle) Isle of Wight coasts. Sandy lowland heaths, Brush-thighed Distribution: grassland, sand pits & dunes. B1 Acid grassland seed-eater Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: D Heathland (sandy) Harpalus froelichii Habitat Present: England: E Anglia & H6 Sand dune (ground beetle) No Lincolnshire. St. Bees seed- Sand or chalk grassy soft cliffs. Distribution: eater Harpalus Distribution: No S41 SPECIES H8 Maritime cliff & slope honestus (ground England: Whitehaven, Habitat Present: beetle) Cumbria. N/A Seed-eating Sand dunes & sandy or Distribution: calcareous grassland. B1 Acid grassland ground beetle No Harpalus S41 SPECIES Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland Habitat Present: melancholicus England: Kent. H6 Sand dune N/A (ground beetle) Wales: S (Stackpole Warren). Blue plunderer Dry, sandy grasslands & Distribution: B1 Acid grassland Lebia S41 SPECIES heaths. No D Heathland cyanocephala Distribution: Habitat Present:

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE (ground beetle) England: Surrey. with Hypericum sp. & N/A Chrysolina hyperici beetle

A2.1 Dense scrub Bare & disturbed ground, in association with arable field margins, hedges, Distribution: Set-aside downy- B3 Calcareous grassland scrub & calcareous grassland. Yes back S41 SPECIES J1.1 Arable Ophonus laticollis Distribution: Habitat Present: J2.1/J2.3 Intact England: Oxfordshire, East Yes (ground beetle) hedge/hedge with trees Anglia & Cambs. J4 Bare ground Calcareous grassland & bare Distribution: Mellet’s downy- ground, often on coast. B3 Calcareous grassland back No S41 SPECIES Distribution: H8.4 Coastal grassland Ophonus melletii Habitat Present: England: Very local & J4 Bare ground N/A (ground beetle) scattered. A downy-back Dry chalk, limestone or gravel Distribution: ground beetle with some vegetation & chalk No Ophonus S41 SPECIES pits. I2.1 Quarry (limestone) Habitat Present: puncticollis Distribution: N/A (ground beetle) England: S & E. Limestone quarries & previously developed bare Distribution: I2.1 Quarry (limestone) Oolite downy-back disturbed ground. No Ophonus stictus S41 SPECIES J4 Bare ground Distribution: Habitat Present:

(ground beetle) England: Leicestershire & N/A Northamptonshire. Well-vegetated fens, dune Crucifix ground E3 Fen beetle slacks & coastal grazing marsh, Distribution: H2 Saltmarsh Panagaeus always near water. No S41 SPECIES H6 Sand dune cruxmajor Distribution: Habitat Present: in association with (ground beetle) England: E & SE. N/A G1 Standing water Wales: S. Mab’s lantern Broadleaved woodland, A1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: ground beetle parkland & wood pasture. woodland No Philorhizus S41 SPECIES quadrisignatus Distribution: A3.1 Broadleaved Habitat Present: England: S & central. parkland/scattered trees N/A (ground beetle) Coastal soft cliffs & sand or H3 Shingle Distribution: Philorhizus shingle on coast. H5 Strandline vegetation No vectensis S41 SPECIES Distribution: H6 Sand dune Habitat Present: (ground beetle) England: S coast (Cornwall to H8 Maritime cliff & slope N/A Kent). Lowland dry heathland, bare Kugelann’s green Distribution: disturbed sandy ground & sand D1.1 Dry acid heathland clock No S41 SPECIES pits. I2.1 Quarry (sand pit) Poecilus kugelanni Habitat Present: Distribution: J4 Bare ground (sandy) N/A (ground beetle) England: S & E. Coastal sandy saline lagoon Distribution: Yellow pogonus margins & clay coastal G1.6 Brackish standing Pogonus No S41 SPECIES marshes. water luridipennis Habitat Present: Distribution: H2 Saltmarsh N/A (ground beetle) England: S, SW & E coasts. Shallow, swift-flowing stream D1 Dry heathland & Distribution: Sharp’s diving in lowland heathland beetle D2 Wet heathland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Agabus brunneus in association with Habitat Present: England: Cornwall, Dorset, G2 Running water N/A (water beetle) New Forest & Yorkshire. E3 Fen Lowland wetlands, reedbeds, One-grooved F Swamp, marginal & Distribution: diving beetle stagnant ponds & slow drains. inundation Yes Bidessus S41 SPECIES Distribution: in association with Habitat Present: unistriatus (water England: New Forest & G1 Standing water &/or No beetle) Norfolk Broads. G2 Running water Spangled diving Large shallow ponds on acidic Distribution: beetle sandy soils in heathland. D Heathland W&CA1 No Graphoderus Distribution: in association with S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: zonatus England: Woolmer Forest, G1 Standing water N/A (water beetle) Hampshire.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE B5 Marsh/marshy Ron’s diving Shallow peaty pools on grassland Distribution: Hydroporus exposed heathland & rush D Heathland beetle No necopinatus S41 SPECIES pasture. E1 Bog Habitat Present: subsp. roni Distribution: in association with N/A (water beetle) England: Poole Basin, Dorset. G1 Standing water (weedy & peat-rich) Shallow & temporary pools in B2 Neutral grassland Oxbow diving unimproved pasture, often in B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: beetle old oxbow systems. E3 Fen Yes Hydroporus S41 SPECIES rufifrons Distribution: in association with Habitat Present: England: N, S & E. G1 Standing water No (water beetle) Wales: Ceredigion. (shallow & ephemeral) Lowland rich fen & marsh near Sussex diving coast (but not in brackish B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: beetle water). grassland No Laccophilus S41 SPECIES poecilus Distribution: E3 Fen Habitat Present: England: Lewes Levels, Sussex G1 Standing water N/A (water beetle) & SW Yorkshire. Lowland fens & wet carr A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Eyed longhorn woodland with purple willows. natural woodland (carr) beetle No S41 SPECIES Distribution: A2 Scrub oculata Habitat Present: England: Cam Washes, E3 Fen () N/A Cambridgeshire. with Salix purpurea Mountainous base-rich B3.1 Unimproved Rainbow leaf Distribution: grassland (630 m above sea calcareous grassland beetle No Chrysolina W&CA1 level). J5 Other habitat Habitat Present: cerealis Distribution: (mountain) N/A () Wales: N (Caernarvonshire). with Thymus polytrichus Tansy beetle Riverbanks & wetlands. Distribution: Chrysolina Distribution: G2 Running water (river) No S41 SPECIES graminis England: Banks of R.Ouse, with Tanacetum vulgare Habitat Present: (leaf beetle) York. N/A A1.1 Broadleaved woodland A2 Scrub Woodland & scrub in lowland in association with Hazel pot beetle calcareous grassland & Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland Cryptocephalus heathland. No S41 SPECIES D Heathland coryli Distribution: Habitat Present: with Betula pendula, England: Lincolnshire, Surrey, N/A (leaf beetle) Corylus avellana, Berkshire & Sherwood Forest. Crataegus monogyna, Quercus sp. & Dactylis glomerata A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Ten-spotted pot Broadleaved woodland on wet natural woodland Distribution: beetle hillsides, fens & bogs. E Mire No Cryptocephalus S41 SPECIES decemmaculatus Distribution: with Salix sp., Alnus Habitat Present: England: Staffordshire. glutinosa & Betula N/A (leaf beetle) pubescens Wetlands, mixed fen & fen B5 Marsh/marshy Pashford pot Distribution: meadows. grassland beetle Yes Cryptocephalus S41 SPECIES Distribution: E3 Fen Habitat Present: exiguus England: Pashford Poors Fen, F1 Swamp No (leaf beetle) Suffolk. with Rumex sp. A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- natural woodland (coppice) Scrub on chalk downland & Shining pot beetle A2 Scrub (on calcareous Distribution: formerly coppice woodland. Cryptocephalus ground) No S41 SPECIES Distribution: nitidulus with Betula & Salix sp., Habitat Present: England: Surrey, Sussex & Corylus avellana, N/A (leaf beetle) Nottinghamshire. Crataegus monogyna & Ligustrum vulgare Rock-rose pot Calcareous grassland on S- Distribution: beetle B3 Calcareous grassland facing slopes. No Cryptocephalus S41 SPECIES with Helianthemum Distribution: Habitat Present: primarius nummularium England: S. N/A (leaf beetle)

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1.1 Broadleaved Blue pepper-pot Scrub, broadleaved woodland Distribution: beetle woodland & commons. No Cryptocephalus S41 SPECIES A2 Scrub Distribution: Habitat Present: punctiger B Grassland England: S, W, E & central. N/A (leaf beetle) with Betula & Salix sp. A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Broadleaved woodland, Six spotted pot A2.1 Dense scrub Distribution: calcareous grassland & dense beetle B3 Calcareous grassland No Cryptocephalus S41 SPECIES scrub. with Betula, Quercus & Habitat Present: sexpunctatus Distribution: Salix sp., Corylus avellana, N/A England: S, W & E. (leaf beetle) Crataegus monogyna & Populus tremula B5 Marsh/marshy grassland E3 Fen Aquatic vegetation at margins F Swamp, marginal & Distribution: of lakes, ponds, fens & marsh. inundation Zircon reed beetle Yes aquatica S41 SPECIES Distribution: G1.1 Eutrophic standing Habitat Present: (reed beetle) England: E Anglia, Sussex & water No Lake District. G1.2 Mesotrophic standing water with Carex acutiformis, C. rostrata & C. vesicaria Lowland river, canal, lake & Two-tone reed pond margins. G1.1 Eutrophic standing Distribution: beetle Restricted distribution: water Yes S41 SPECIES Donacia bicolora England: Scattered in S & G2 Running water Habitat Present: (reed beetle) Cumbria. with Sparganium erectum No Wales: Scattered.

Bronze Lundy Distribution: cabbage flea Coastal cliffs & slopes. H8 Maritime cliff & slope No beetle S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Coincya wrightii Habitat Present: Psylliodes England: Lundy Island. luridipennis N/A Moccas beetle Old oak wood pasture. Distribution: Hypebaeus Distribution: A3.1 Broadleaved No W&CA1 flavipes England: Moccas Park, parkland/scattered trees Habitat Present: (malachite beetle) Herefordshire. N/A Hay meadows, pastures, wide verges & hedgerows. Distribution: Scarlet malachite B Grassland beetle Distribution: No S41 SPECIES J2.1/J2.3 Intact Malachius aeneus England: New Forest, Kent, Habitat Present: hedge/hedge with trees (malachite beetle) Cambs, Somerset & N/A Essex/Hertfordshire. Distribution: Upland heathland. Petty whin weevil D Heathland (upland) No Exapion genistae S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Genista tinctoria Habitat Present: England: S & SE. (beetle) N/A A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Sallow guest Dense stands of sallow & Distribution: natural woodland (carr) Melanapion willow carr in fens. Yes weevil S41 SPECIES A2.1 Dense scrub minimum Distribution: Habitat Present: E3 Fen (beetle) England: E, W & central. No with Salix sp. E3 Fen F Swamp, marginal & Distribution: Flowering-rush Lowland fens & reedbeds. weevil inundation No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Bagous nodulosus G1.1 Eutrophic standing Habitat Present: England: Somerset Levels. (beetle) water N/A with Butomus umbellatus Alder flea weevil Sheltered & well-lit canopy A1.1.1/A1.3.1 Distribution: Orchestes woodland. Broadleaved/mixed semi- Yes S41 SPECIES testaceus Distribution: natural woodland with Habitat Present: (beetle) England: E & central. Alnus glutinosa No Distribution: Poplar leaf-rolling Woodland edge & scrub. A1.1 Broadleaved weevil No S41 SPECIES Distribution: woodland (edge) Byctiscus populi Habitat Present: England: S, E & central. A2 Scrub (beetle) N/A ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE with Populus tremula & P. alba

A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Dead/decaying beech & oak natural woodland Bearded false Distribution: trees in woods & wood pasture. A3.1 Broadleaved darkling beetle No Melandrya barbata S41 SPECIES Distribution: parkland/scattered trees Habitat Present: England: New Forest & with Quercus sp. & Fagus (false darkling N/A beetle) Berkshire. sylvatica veteran/ancient trees Black oil-beetle Coastal grassland, cliffs, heaths Distribution: Meloe & meadows. B3 Calcareous grassland No S41 SPECIES proscarabaeus Distribution: H8 Maritime cliff & slope Habitat Present: (oil-beetle) England & Wales: Scattered. N/A Coastal grassland, cliffs, heaths Distribution: Rugged oil-beetle B1 Acid grassland & meadows. No Meloe rugosus S41 SPECIES B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Habitat Present: (oil-beetle) H8 Maritime cliff & slope England: SW England. Wales. N/A A1.1 Broadleaved Woodland glades, meadows, woodland Distribution: heathland, moors & coastal Violet oil-beetle A1.3 Mixed woodland No Meloe violaceus S41 SPECIES grassland. B1 Acid grassland Habitat Present: Distribution: (oil-beetle) B3 Calcareous grassland N/A England: Scattered in N & W. D Heathland Lowland raised mires & peat bogs amongst moss & heather Distribution: Mire pill beetle 3 Curimopsis nigrita W&CA litter. E Mire No S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Sphagnum sp. Habitat Present: (pill beetle) England: S Yorkshire & N/A Lincolnshire. A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- natural woodland Red-horned Old deciduous woods, wood A3.1 Broadleaved cardinal click Distribution: pasture, veteran trees & dead parkland/scattered trees No beetle S41 SPECIES wood. J2.3 Hedge with trees Ampedus Habitat Present: Distribution: with Fagus sylvatica, rufipennis (click N/A England: S, W & E. Fraxinus excelsior & beetle) Ulmus sp. veteran/ancient trees Chestnut click Loose sandy soil on soft cliffs. Distribution: beetle Distribution: No Anostirus S41 SPECIES H8 Maritime cliff & slope castaneus England: Isle of Wight & Birk Habitat Present: (click Crag near Harrogate. N/A beetle) Ancient decaying oak trees & A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: dead wood. natural woodland Oak No Lacon querceus S41 SPECIES Distribution: A3.1 Broadleaved Habitat Present: (click beetle) England: Windsor Forest, parkland/scattered trees N/A Berkshire. with veteran/ancient trees Old decaying broadleaved trees A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Violet click beetle & wood pasture. natural woodland Distribution: Limoniscus W&CA1 Distribution: A3.1 Broadleaved parkland No violaceus S41 SPECIES England: Worcestershire, with Fagus sylvatica & Habitat Present: (click beetle) Windsor Forest, Berkshire & Fraxinus excelsior N/A Gloucs. veteran/ancient trees A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Old woodland & wood pasture natural woodland Queen’s with veteran trees & Distribution: executioner A3.1 Broadleaved deadwood. No Megapenthes S41 SPECIES parkland/scattered trees Distribution: Habitat Present: lugens with Fagus sylvatica & England: Windsor Forest & N/A (click beetle) Ulmus sp. veteran/ancient Park, Berkshire. trees Sandwich click Sand dunes. Distribution: beetle Distribution: Yes Melanotus S41 SPECIES H6 Sand dune punctolineatus England: Kent & Suffolk. Habitat Present: Wales: S (Swansea). No (click beetle)

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Riverbanks & canal margins in waterlogged soil. Distribution: Hairy click beetle G2 Running water Distribution: No filiformis S41 SPECIES (river/canal) England: River Parrett, Habitat Present: with Phalaris arundinacea (click beetle) Somerset, Severn Catchment & N/A Cumbria. A1.1 Broadleaved Old decaying beech trees & Cosnard’s net- woodland Distribution: dead wood. winged beetle A3.1 Broadleaved No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Platycis cosnardi parkland/scattered trees Habitat Present: England: Wye Gorge/Forest of (beetle) with old Fagus sylvatica N/A Dean & W Sussex Downs. decaying trees Old traditional orchards. A1.1.2 Broadleaved Distribution: plantation woodland Distribution: Noble chafer England: Worcestershire, (orchard) No Gnorimus nobilis S41 SPECIES Gloucestershire, Kent, with Prunus avium, P. Habitat Present: (beetle) Herefordshire, New Forest & domestica & Malus N/A Oxfordshire. domestica A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Woodlands & pasture with natural woodland Variable chafer Distribution: veteran trees & dead wood. A3.1 Broadleaved Gnorimus No S41 SPECIES Distribution: parkland/scattered trees variabilis Habitat Present: England: Windsor Forest & with Fagus sylvatica & (beetle) N/A Great Park, Berkshire. Quercus & Ulmus sp. veteran/ancient trees

A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- natural woodland Broadleaved woodland, wood A3.1 Broadleaved pasture & hedgerows with parkland/scattered trees Distribution: veteran trees & dead wood. Stag beetle S41 SPECIES J2.1/J2.3 Intact Yes Lucanus cervus Distribution: Local BAP hedge/hedge with trees Habitat Present: (beetle) England: Strongholds in S, SW with Quercus, Tilia & Yes & SE, scattered elsewhere. Ulmus sp., Fagus sylvatica Wales: S. & Malus domestica veteran/ancient trees

B5 Marsh/marshy grassland New Forest mud Shallow grassy pools on peat D Heathland Distribution: beetle heathland & rush pasture. E1 Bog No Helophorus S41 SPECIES laticollis Distribution: E3 Fen Habitat Present: England: New Forest. in association with N/A (beetle) G1 Standing water (shallow/grassy)

Gravel water Rivers with exposed sand & Distribution: beetle gravel sediment. No Hydrochus S41 SPECIES G2 Running water (river) nitidicollis Distribution: Habitat Present: England: Cornwall & Devon. N/A (water beetle) Still, weedy & peat-rich ditches Lesser silver water & ponds, often with Distribution: overhanging tree cover. beetle G1 Standing water (weedy No Hydrochara W&CA1 Distribution: & peat-rich) Habitat Present: caraboides England: Somerset Levels & N/A (water beetle) Cheshire. Wales E. Saline lagoons amongst Distribution: vegetation on edges. F2 Marginal & inundation Bembridge beetle No Paracymus aeneus W&CA1 Distribution: G1.6 Brackish standing Habitat Present: (water beetle) England: Essex & Isle of water N/A Wight. Crumbly mud at edge of Distribution: seepage-fed sea cliff faces. G2 Running water Rockface beetle No Ochthebius poweri S41 SPECIES Distribution: in association with Habitat Present: England: SW. H8 Maritime cliff & slope (water beetle) N/A Wales: S.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Shingle rove River margins amongst sand & Distribution: beetle Meotica gravel. No S41 SPECIES G2 Running water (river) anglica Distribution: Habitat Present: (rove beetle) England: S. Wales. N/A Wetland edges. Distribution: Skeetle Distribution: F Swamp, marginal & No Stenus longitarsis S41 SPECIES England: New Forest & Test inundation Habitat Present: (camphor beetle) Valley, Hampshire. N/A A1.1 Broadleaved Open deciduous woodland & woodland Distribution: Oak mining bee scrub. A2 Scrub No Andrena ferox S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Crataegus monogyna, Habitat Present: (bee) England: Scattered in S. Quercus sp. & Acer N/A pseudoplatanus A1 Woodland (open) A2 Scrub B Grassland D Heathland Heaths, moorland, rarely open in association with Distribution: Tormentil mining woodland with S-facing slopes J4 Bare ground No bee S41 SPECIES of bare ground for nesting. (S-facing slopes) Andrena tarsata Habitat Present: Distribution: with Rubus fruticosus, N/A (bee) England & Wales: Scattered. Campanula rotundifolia, Calluna vulgaris, Angelica sylvestris, Achillea millefolium, Potentilla & Spiraea sp. B1 Acid grassland D Heathland H6.5 Coastal dunes Sandy soils - commons, H8 Maritime cliff & slope heathlands, coastal dunes & Distribution: with , Potter flower bee cliffs. No Anthophora retusa S41 SPECIES Glechoma hederacea, Distribution: Habitat Present: , (bee) England: Mainly S half, N/A , scattered in central & E. Raphanus raphanistrum, Cheiranthus, Taraxacum & Vicia sp. Tall, open flower-rich B2 Neutral grassland grasslands on drier sites, often B3 Calcareous grassland Brown-banded Distribution: on quarries & brownfield sites. in association with carder-bee No S41 SPECIES Distribution: I2.1 Quarry Bombus humilis Habitat Present: England & Wales: S & W with Asteraceae, (bee) N/A coasts, scattered in central & Fabaceae, Lamiaceae & N. Scrophulariaceae B1 Acid grassland Large areas of tall, open, B2 Neutral grassland Moss carder-bee flower-rich grasslands, often Distribution: B5 Marsh/marshy Bombus damp in S. No S41 SPECIES grassland muscorum Distribution: Habitat Present: with Asteraceae, (bee) England & Wales: Mainly N/A Fabaceae, Lamiaceae & coastal & scattered. Scrophulariaceae A2 Scrub Red-shanked Extensive areas of tall open B2 Neutral grassland Distribution: grasslands & scrub. carder-bee B3 Calcareous grassland Yes Bombus S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Fabaceae, Habitat Present: ruderarius England & Wales: Mainly S Lamiaceae & No half, scattered in N. (bee) Scrophulariaceae B2 Neutral grassland Open, flower-rich habitats with B3 Calcareous grassland diversity of wildflowers, G2.1 Eutrophic running Large garden particularly labiates & water Distribution: bumblebee S41 SPECIES legumes, extensive river-valley (river-valley system) Yes Bombus ruderatus Local BAP systems & legume-dominated J1.1 Arable Habitat Present: (bee) field margins. with Fabaceae, Yes Distribution: Lamiaceae & England: Mainly S & central. Scrophulariaceae, Iris psuedocorus, Stachys

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE palustris, Symphytum sp., Digitalis purpurea & Lonicera periclymenum B2.1 Unimproved neutral Herb-rich grasslands associated grassland with pre-intensification Short-haired B3.1 Unimproved Distribution: bumblebee farming systems in lowlands. calcareous grassland with No Bombus S41 SPECIES Distribution: Trifolium pratense, Habitat Present: subterraneus England: Dungeness, Kent. Lonicera periclymenum, N/A (bee) Currently a reintroduction Lamium album & Echium project. vulgare B3 Calcareous grassland D Heathland H2 Saltmarsh Open flower-rich sites -sand H3 Shingle dunes, edges of saltmarshes, H6 Sand dune shingle beaches, chalk Distribution: Shrill carder-bee I2 Artificial rock exposure downland, heathland & sand No Bombus sylvarum S41 SPECIES & waste pits. Habitat Present: (bee) (sand pits) Distribution: N/A with Asteraceae, England: Mainly S, SE & E. Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Wales: S. Scrophulariaceae, Boraginaceae & Dipsacaceae H6 Sand dune Coastal sand dunes & machair with Gentianaceae, Northern colletes (maritime grassland with Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Distribution: flower-rich sward on wind- Asteraceae, Apiaceae, No bee S41 SPECIES Colletes floralis blown shell-sand). Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Habitat Present: (bee) Distribution: Campanulaceae, N/A England: Cumbria. Caryophyllaceae & Chenopodiaceae Sea-aster colletes Coastal sites - sand dunes & Distribution: firmer soil behind beaches. H6 Sand dune bee Yes Colletes S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Aster tripolium & Habitat Present: halophilus England: E Anglia, Thames Reseda luteola No (bee) Estuary & S coast. A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Coastal flower-rich sandy natural woodland (open grasslands, soft rock cliffs & rides) Distribution: Long-horned landslips, open rides in D1 Dry heathland No mining bee S41 SPECIES deciduous woodland & Eucera longicomis H8 Maritime cliff & slope Habitat Present: heathland. (bee) with Boraginaceae N/A Distribution: Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, England & Wales: S. Liliaceae Rough coastal landslips, base H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: A solitary bee of cliffs & slopes above beach Lasioglossum with Asteraceae, Daucus No S41 SPECIES for nesting. angusticeps carota & Lotus Habitat Present: Distribution: corniculatus N/A (bee) England: S coast. Open grassland where host bee Distribution: Scabious cuckoo- Andrena hattorfiana present. B Grassland bee Nomada No S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Knautia arvensis & armata Habitat Present: England: Mainly Oxfordshire N/A (bee) & Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire. Coastal limestone grassland with areas of open clay soil B3.1 Unimproved Distribution: A cuckoo-bee where host bee Andrena calcareous grassland No Nomada errans S41 SPECIES nitidiuscula nests. with Daucus carota, Habitat Present: Distribution: Senecio sp. & Achillea (bee) N/A England: Isle of Purbeck, millefolium Dorset. A2 Scrub Unimproved grassland & B2.1 Unimproved neutral Distribution: Wall mason bee sheltered scrub. grassland No Osmia parietina S41 SPECIES Distribution: B3.1 Unimproved Habitat Present: England: N & W. calcareous grassland with (bee) N/A Wales. Fabaceae particularly Lotus corniculatus. Also

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Rubus fruticosus & Ajuga reptans Sandstone & chalk cliffs & Distribution: Large mason bee H8 Maritime cliff & slope Osmia adjacent landslips. No S41 SPECIES with Lotus corniculatus & xanthomelana Distribution: Habitat Present: Hippocrepis comosa (bee) England: Isle of Wight. N/A Light sandy soils on S-facing Four-banded sunny sites - flower-rich areas B1 Acid grassland Distribution: on edges of lowland dry acid weevil-wasp D1 Dry heathland No Cerceris S41 SPECIES grassland, dry heathland & I2 Artificial rock exposure Habitat Present: quadricincta disturbed waste ground. & waste (disused) N/A (wasp) Distribution: England: Essex & Kent. B1 Acid grassland D1 Dry heathland Tall, open, lowland dry acid in association with Five-banded grassland with hard sandy J4 Bare ground Distribution: weevil-wasp soils, heathland & sand & (sandy soils) Yes Cerceris S41 SPECIES gravel pits. I2 Artificial rock exposure Habitat Present: quinquefasciata Distribution: & waste No (wasp) England: S & E. (sand/gravel pit) with Rubus fruticosus & Cirsium arvense Scrubby heathland & open A1 Woodland (open) woodland. A2 Scrub Distribution: Ruby-tailed wasp Distribution: in association with No Chrysis fulgida S41 SPECIES England: S, SE & E & D Heathland Habitat Present: (wasp) Worcestershire. with Populus tremula & N/A Wales: S. Salix repens Un-grazed or lightly grazed sandy humid heathland with Bloody spider- Distribution: low vegetation. hunting wasp No Homonotus S41 SPECIES Parasite of spider D Heathland Habitat Present: sanguinolentus Cheiracanthium erraticum. N/A (wasp) Distribution: England: S. Open sites on light clay soils - B Grassland grasslands, heathlands, soft D Heathland rock cliffs, landslips & H2 Saltmarsh Black-headed Distribution: mason wasp saltmarsh margins. Also H8.2 Maritime soft cliffs No Odynerus S41 SPECIES disturbed sites - brick pits, sand I2 Artificial rock exposure Habitat Present: melanocephalus pits & railway embankments. & waste N/A (wasp) Distribution: (brick/sand pit) England: S half to Midlands. with Trifolium & Veronica Wales: Snowdonia. sp. & Daucus carota B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: Fen mason wasp Coastal grazing marsh & fens. grassland Odynerus Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: E3 Fen simillimus Habitat Present: England: East Anglia. H2 Saltmarsh No (wasp) H8.4 Coastal grassland Heathland rich in bell heather (for nectar & prey), with D Heathland Purbeck mason exposed clay ground & open Distribution: in association with wasp water (for nesting). Parasite of No Pseudepipona S41 SPECIES G1 Standing water & micro- Acleris hyemana. Habitat Present: herrichii J4 Bare ground (clay) Distribution: N/A (wasp) with Erica cinerea England: SE Dorset (Poole Basin). Sun-exposed, rocky or shingle D Heathland coastal sites with short, sparse H3 Shingle maritime vegetation, lowland H4 Boulders/rocks Distribution: Dark guest ant heathlands with sparse or short Anergates H5 Strandline vegetation No S41 SPECIES vegetation and bare free- atratulus H6 Sand dune Habitat Present: draining ground. Parasite of ant H8 Maritime cliff & slope N/A (ant) Tetramorium caespitum. in association with Distribution: J4 Bare ground England: S & SE. Fairly open heaths, moors, A1 Woodland Distribution: S41 SPECIES Narrow-headed ant woodland rides & clearings, B Grassland No

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Formica exsecta Caledonian forests & roadside D Heathland Habitat Present: (ant) verges with grass tussocks. with grass tussocks N/A Distribution: particularly Molinia England: S. caerulea Dry scrubby heathland, A1 Woodland meadows, hedgerows, grassy Distribution: Black-backed A2 Scrub roadsides & occasionally No meadow ant S41 SPECIES B Grassland Formica pratensis woodlands. Habitat Present: D1 Dry heathland Distribution: N/A (ant) J2 Hedgerows England: Dorset. B1 Acid grassland S-facing banks on dry D1 Dry heathland heathland with sparse Distribution: D5 Dry heath/acid Red barbed ant vegetation & acid grassland No Formica rufibarbis S41 SPECIES grassland mosaic with grass tussocks. Habitat Present: (ant) with grass tussocks of Distribution: N/A Molinia caerulea & England: Surrey & Scilly Isles. Agrostis curtisii Open woodland & scrub. Distribution: Shining guest ant Dependent on a host species Formicoxenus A1 Woodland No S41 SPECIES (typically wood ants). nitidulus A2 Scrub Habitat Present: Distribution: N/A (ant) England: Scattered. Dry, sunny sites with short or B1 Acid grassland recently burnt vegetation & D1 Dry heathland patches of bare ground, under Distribution: Erratic ant D5 Dry heath/acid Tapinoma stones, banks, dry peat & moss No S41 SPECIES grassland mosaic erraticum - open lowland heathland, cliff Habitat Present: H8 Maritime cliff & slope (ant) tops & moorland. N/A in association with Distribution: J4 Bare ground England: S. Warm, dry open sites with sparse cover of low-growing B Grassland vegetation & coastal vegetated D1 Dry heathland Distribution: Long-spined ant shingle. Nests under moss, Temnothorax H3 Shingle No S41 SPECIES lichen, heather, stones, fine interruptus in association with Habitat Present: grass roots & peat. (ant) H5 Strandline vegetation N/A Distribution: H8 Maritime cliff & slope England: Dorset, New Forest & Dungeness, Kent. Shallow, still water on stony & Distribution: Scarce grey flag G2 Running water (river) Hydropsyche gravel substrate in rivers. No S41 SPECIES with stony & gravel bulgaromanorum Distribution: Habitat Present: substrate (caddisfly) England: River Arun, Sussex. N/A A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Seasonal streams & deep slow natural woodland (riparian) pools with leaf litter build-up in association with Distribution: Scarce brown from surrounding riparian sedge G1 Standing water Yes S41 SPECIES deciduous trees. Ironoquia dubia (deep slow pools) Habitat Present: Distribution: &/or No (caddisfly) England: Berkshire, Suffolk & G2 Running water Hampshire. (seasonal streams) D Heathland Small pools in heathland & E1 Bog Window winged Distribution: sedge raised bogs with clumps of in association with No Hagenella S41 SPECIES rushes & grass tussocks. G1 Standing water Habitat Present: clathrata Distribution: (small pools) N/A (caddisfly) England: NW, SE & central. with clumps of Juncus sp. & grass tussocks Small to medium-sized Small grey sedge streams, arising from base-rich Distribution: Glossosoma rocks with a moderately fast No S41 SPECIES G2 Running water (stream) intermedium current. Habitat Present: (caddisfly) Distribution: N/A England: Lake District. S-facing, sunny but sheltered B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Lulworth skipper slopes on chalk & limestone H8.4 Coastal grassland No Thymelicus acteon S41 SPECIES coastal grassland & undercliffs. with Brachypodium Habitat Present: (butterfly) Distribution: pinnatum N/A

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE England: Dorset.

A1 Woodland Warm, open areas - S-facing B3 Calcareous grassland chalk & limestone downland, H6 Sand dune open hillsides, railway H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: Dingy skipper embankments, dunes, cliffs, I2.1 Quarry (disused) Yes Erynnis tages S41 SPECIES disused quarries, woodland J1.3 Ephemeral/short Habitat Present: (butterfly) edges, clearings & rides. perennial No Distribution: with Lotus corniculatus, L. England & Wales: Widespread. pedunculatus & Hippocrepis comosa A1 Woodland (edge, rides & clearings) Warm, sheltered sites with B Grassland (unimproved) sparse vegetation - woodland B3 Calcareous grassland edge, rides & clearings, chalk D Heathland downland, unimproved I2 Artificial rock exposure Distribution: Grizzled skipper grassland on hillsides, valleys, & waste (quarries/ No Pyrgus malvae S41 SPECIES quarries, gravel pits, railway gravel pits) Habitat Present: (butterfly) embankments & occasionally with Agrimonia eupatoria, N/A heathland. Potentilla reptans, P. Distribution: sterilis, P. erecta, Fragaria England: Central & S. vesca, Rubus fruticosus, Rosa canina, Sanguisorba minor & Geum urbanum Swallowtail Wet open fens. Distribution: Papilio machaon Distribution: E3 Fen Yes W&CA1 subsp. britannicus England: Norfolk (& Suffolk) with Peucedanum palustre Habitat Present: (butterfly) Broads. No Warm, sheltered & damp sites A1 Woodland - woodland edge & rides, A2 Scrub scrub, meadows & rough B Grassland Distribution: Wood white overgrown field edges, disused H8 Maritime cliff & slope No Leptidea sinapis S41 SPECIES railway cuttings & coastal with Lotus corniculatus, L. Habitat Present: (butterfly) undercliffs. pedunculatus, Lathyrus N/A Distribution: linifolius, L. pratensis & England: Central & S. Vicia cracca A1 Woodland Distribution: Hedgerows, scrub & woodland. A2 Scrub Brown hairstreak Yes Thecla betulae S41 SPECIES Distribution: J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: England & Wales: S half. with Prunus spinosa & P. (butterfly) Yes domestica A1.1 Broadleaved White-letter Edges of deciduous woodland, woodland (edge) Distribution: hairstreak S41 SPECIES hedgerows & roadside verges. J2.1/J2.3 Intact Yes Satyrium w-album Local BAP Distribution: hedge/hedge with trees Habitat Present: (butterfly) England & Wales: Widespread. with Ulmus procera, U. Yes minor & U. glabra Warm, sheltered sites - herb- rich unimproved chalk & A1 Woodland limestone grassland, disused B3 Calcareous grassland quarries & gravel pits, road & Distribution: H6 Sand dune Small blue railway embankments, No Cupido minimus S41 SPECIES H8.4 Coastal grassland woodland rides & clearings, Habitat Present: (butterfly) I2.1 Quarry (disused/gravel dunes & coastal grassland. N/A pit) Distribution: with Anthyllis vulneraria England & Wales: Widespread but local.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE B3 Calcareous grassland D Heathland Warm, sheltered, S-facing sites I2.1 Quarry (disused - chalk & limestone grassland, sand/chalk/limestone) Distribution: heathland & disused sand, with Erica cinerea, E. Silver-studded Yes Plebejus S41 SPECIES chalk or limestone quarries. tetralix, Calluna vulgaris, blue Habitat Present: argus (butterfly) Distribution: Helianthemum No England: S & E. nummularium, Wales. Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus & Ulex europaeus. Sheltered, S-facing slopes or in B3 Calcareous grassland hollows, limestone grassland, H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: Northern brown coastal valleys, quarries, I1.1.2 Basic inland cliff No argus S41 SPECIES outcrops & limestone I1.3 Limestone pavement Aricia artaxerxes Habitat Present: pavement. I2.1 Quarry (limestone) (butterfly) N/A Distribution: with Helianthemum England: N. nummularium

Warm, dry unimproved acidic B1 Acid grassland Distribution: EPS or limestone grassland on S- B3 Calcareous grassland Large blue No Maculinea arion W&CA4 facing, close-grazed slopes. with Thymus polytrichus, Habitat Present: S41 SPECIES Distribution: Origanum vulgare & (butterfly) N/A England: SW. Myrmica sabuleti

A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Chalk & limestone grassland natural woodland with light scrub & clearings in (coppiced) Distribution: Duke of Burgundy coppiced woodland. A2 Scrub No Hamaeris lucina S41 SPECIES Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland Habitat Present: (butterfly) England: Central, scattered in with Primula veris, P. N/A N. vulgaris & P. veris x vulgaris

Deciduous woodland & conifer A1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: plantations. woodland White admiral Yes Limenitis camilla S41 SPECIES Distribution: A1.2 Coniferous woodland Habitat Present: (butterfly) England: Central, S & E. with Lonicera No Wales: E. periclymenum

A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (clearings) Open areas - deciduous A2 Scrub woodland & clearings, damp B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Small pearl- limestone grassland, scrub, B5 Marsh/marshy No bordered fritillary S41 SPECIES cliffs, marshland & moorland. grassland Boloria selene Habitat Present: Distribution: C Tall herb & fen N/A (butterfly) England: S, SW & N. D Heathland Wales. H8 Maritime cliff & slope with Viola riviniana & V. palustris A1.1 Broadleaved Open deciduous woodland & woodland (open & Pearl-bordered clearings, conifer plantations & clearings) Distribution: fritillary limestone pavement. A1.2.2 Coniferous No Boloria S41 SPECIES euphrosyne Distribution: plantation woodland Habitat Present: England: Scattered in S, SW & I1.3 Limestone pavement N/A (butterfly) N. Wales. with Viola riviniana, V. canina & V. palustris A1 Woodland Suitably-managed woodland, B Grassland (unimproved) Distribution: High brown rough grassland on woodland I1.3 Limestone pavement No fritillary S41 SPECIES edges & limestone pavement. Argynnis adippe with Viola riviniana, V. Habitat Present: Distribution: canina, V. hirta & V. N/A (butterfly) England: NW & SW. Wales. lactea

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland B1 Acid grassland Chalk grassy hillsides, damp B3 Calcareous grassland meadows, heathland, moorland Distribution: Marsh fritillary B5 Marsh/marshy W&CA1 & woodland clearings. No Euphydryas grassland S41 SPECIES Distribution: Habitat Present: aurinia D Heathland (butterfly) England: NW & SW. N/A with Succisa pratensis, Wales: W. Knautia arvensis & Scabiosa columbaria Coastal grassland (undercliffs or cliff tops) & S-facing chalk Distribution: downland with regular B3 Calcareous grassland Glanville fritillary No Melitaea cinxia S41 SPECIES disturbance. H8.4 Coastal grassland Habitat Present: (butterfly) Distribution: with Plantago lanceolata N/A England: S & SW coasts & Isle of Wight. A1 Woodland (clearings) B Grassland Warm sites - heathland, rich D Heathland Distribution: Heath fritillary grassland & woodland W&CA1 with Melampyrum No Melitaea athalia clearings. S41 SPECIES pratense, Plantago Habitat Present: (butterfly) Distribution: lanceolata, Veronica N/A England: SW & SE. chamaedrys & Digitalis purpurea B Grassland (unimproved) H6 Sand dune H8 Maritime cliff & slope Short unimproved grassland, I2.1 Quarry (disused) coastal cliffs & dunes, J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: Wall hedgerows, wasteland, disused Lasiommata S41 SPECIES land Yes quarries, gardens, railway megera Local BAP J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: embankments & footpaths. (butterfly) with Agrostis sp., Dactylis Yes Distribution: glomerata, Brachypodium England & Wales: Widespread. sylvaticum, B. pinnatum, Deschampsia flexuosa & Holcus lanatus Moist or boggy areas in B1 Acid grassland Distribution: sheltered depressions & Mountain ringlet D4 Montane heath No Erebia epiphron S41 SPECIES mountain grassland. E Mire Habitat Present: (butterfly) Distribution: with Nardus stricta N/A England: Lake District. B3 Calcareous grassland Sheltered, sunny & dry sites D Heathland with sparse vegetation & bare H6 Sand dune ground - heathland, sand H8 Maritime cliff & slope dunes, calcareous grassland, Distribution: Grayling I2.1 Quarry (disused) coastal grassland, cliffs & Yes Hipparchia semele S41 SPECIES with Agrostis curtisii, Aira disused quarries. Habitat Present: (butterfly) praecox, Festuca rubra, F. Distribution: No ovina, Ammophila England & Wales: Primarily areneria & Deschampsia coasts, with some colonies cespitosa inland. J4 Bare ground A1 Woodland Open sites - woodland rides, A2 Scrub shorter grassland, heathland, Small heath B Grassland Distribution: railway embankments, disused Coenonympha S41 SPECIES D Heathland Yes quarries, meadows & sand pamphilus Local BAP H6 Sand dune Habitat Present: dunes. (butterfly) I2.1 Quarry (disused) Yes Distribution: with Agrostis, Festuca & England & Wales: Widespread. Poa sp. D2 Wet heathland Open wet sites - lowland raised E1 Bog Distribution: Large heath bogs, upland blanket bogs & Coenonympha with Eriophorum No S41 SPECIES damp acidic moorland. tullia vaginatum, E. Habitat Present: Distribution: angustifolium, Juncus N/A (butterfly) England: N. Wales. articulatus & Erica tetralix Rough meadows & grassland. Distribution: Ghost moth B Grassland S41 SPECIES Distribution: Yes

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Hepialus humuli Local BAP England & Wales: Widespread. with Humulus lupulus & Habitat Present: (moth) Urtica dioica No A1.1/A1.3 Woodland A3.1/A3.3 Parkland/ Open low-lying & damp sites – scattered trees deciduous & carr B5 Marsh/marshy woodland/edges, hedgerows, grassland parks, gardens, road-sides, dry D1 Dry heathland heathland, golf courses, G1 Standing water Distribution: Goat moth Cossus cossus S41 SPECIES riverbanks, old flooded pits, G2 Running water Yes Local BAP trees on floodplains & trees J1.1 Arable Habitat Present: (moth) around arable ponds. J1.2 Amenity grassland Yes Distribution: J2 Hedgerows England & Wales: Locally with Salix, Populus, widespread in S half, scattered Betula, Ulmus, Quercus & in N England. Malus sp., Fraxinus excelsior & Alnus glutinosa trees

B3 Calcareous grassland Open sites – damp grassland & B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: meadows, chalk downland & Forester grassland Yes Adscita statices S41 SPECIES heathland. D Heathland Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: with Rumex acetosella & No England & Wales: Scattered. R. acetosa

H3 Shingle Sheltered but sunny sites Fiery clearwing in association with Distribution: beneath chalk sea cliffs & Pyropteron W&CA1 H5 Strandline vegetation No vegetated shingle beaches. chrysidiformis S41 SPECIES H8 Maritime cliff & slope Habitat Present: Distribution: (moth) with Rumex crispus & R. N/A England: Kent. acetosa

A1 Woodland (open & edge) A2 Scrub Heathland, scrub, open D Heathland Distribution: woodland & edges, hedgerows Pale eggar S41 SPECIES J2 Hedgerows Yes Trichiura crataegi & gardens. Local BAP with Betula pubescens, B. Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: pendula, Crataegus Yes England & Wales: Scattered. monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Erica sp. & Vaccinium myrtillus

A1 Woodland (open) Open woodland & scrub, waste A2 Scrub Lackey Distribution: ground, hedgerows & gardens. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Malacosoma S41 SPECIES Yes Distribution: land neustria Local BAP Habitat Present: England & Wales: Mainly S J2 Hedgerows (moth) Yes half, scattered in N England. with Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa & Rosa sp. A1.1 Broadleaved Mature oak woodland, woodland Distribution: parkland, hedgerows & A3.1 Broadleaved Oak hook-tip S41 SPECIES Yes Watsonalla binaria gardens. parkland/scattered trees Local BAP Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: J2 Hedgerows Yes England & Wales. with Quercus petraea & Q. robur Oak lutestring Mature oak woodland. A1.1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: Cymatophorima Distribution: semi-natural woodland Yes S41 SPECIES diluta England & Wales: Mainly S with Quercus petraea & Habitat Present: (moth) half, scattered in N England. Q. robur No Calcareous grassland on coast B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Rest harrow & sand dunes. H6 Sand dune No Aplasta ononaria S41 SPECIES Distribution: H8.4 Coastal grassland Habitat Present: (moth) England: S & SE coasts. with Ononis repens N/A Sussex emerald H3 Shingle Distribution: W&CA1 Shingle beaches. Thalera fimbrialis with Achillea millefolium No S41 SPECIES Distribution: (moth) & Daucus carota Habitat Present: ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE England: Kent. Sometimes N/A occurs as migrant on S coast. Woodland edges & hedgerows A1 Woodland Small emerald Distribution: on chalk downs & limestone. (on calcareous ground) Hemistola Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland chrysoprasaria Habitat Present: England & Wales: Mainly S J2 Hedgerows (moth) No half, scattered in N England. with Clematis vitalba Damp neutral grassland, A1 Woodland limestone & chalk grassland & (rides & clearings) downland, Breck grassland, A2 Scrub Dingy mocha sandy heathland, sand dunes, B1 Acid grassland Distribution: Cyclophora scrub, woodland rides & B2 Neutral grassland No S41 SPECIES pendularia clearings. B3 Calcareous grassland Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: D Heathland N/A England: Mainly S, scattered in H6 Sand dune central England. with Salix sp. particularly Wales: S. S. aurita & S. cinerea Scrubby oak woodland, A1.1 Broadleaved coppiced woodland & Distribution: False mocha woodland S41 SPECIES woodland clearings. Yes Cyclophora porata A1.3 Mixed woodland Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: with Quercus sp. (moth) England: Scattered in S half. Yes particularly Q. robur Wales. B5 Marsh/marshy grassland Marshes, riverbanks, damp Distribution: Blood-vein G2 Running water S41 SPECIES meadows & gardens. Yes Timandra comae J1 Cultivated/disturbed Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: land (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. Yes with Atriplex & Rumex sp. & Polygonum aviculare B3 Calcareous grassland Chalk grassland & saltmarshes H2 Saltmarsh Mullein wave Distribution: on coast. with Achillea millefolium, Scopula S41 SPECIES Yes Distribution: Artemesia vulgaris, marginepunctata Local BAP Habitat Present: England & Wales: Coasts. Hippocrepsis comosa, No (moth) Commoner in S half England. Origanum vulgare & Teurcrium scorodonia H3 Shingle Sandy coastal sites - sand H6 Sand dune dunes, vegetated shingle Distribution: Bright wave J1.2 Amenity grassland Idaea ochrata beaches & golf courses. Yes S41 SPECIES with Crepis, Taraxacum & subsp. cantiata Distribution: Habitat Present: Tussilago sp., Vicia England: SE. Sometimes No (moth) tetrasperma & Trifolium occurs as migrant on S coast. arvense A2 Scrub Limestone cliffs & downs with Distribution: Silky wave B3 Calcareous grassland scrub. No Idaea dilutaria S41 SPECIES H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: Habitat Present: with Helianthemum (moth) England & Wales: Scattered. N/A mummularium A1 Woodland (carr) B5 Marsh/marshy Marshy & damp sites - fens, grassland water meadows, damp Distribution: Oblique carpet E3 Fen S41 SPECIES woodland, marshes & Yes Orthonama vittata F Swamp, marginal & Local BAP riverbanks. Habitat Present: (moth) inundation Distribution: No G2 Running water England & Wales: Widespread. with Gallium saxatile & G. palustre Upland moorland & rocky C2 Upland species-rich hillsides up to 900 m above sea Distribution: Red carpet ledges Xanthorhoe level. No S41 SPECIES D4 Montane heath/dwarf decoloraria Distribution: Habitat Present: shrub (moth) England & Wales: Scattered, N/A with Alchemilla glabra commoner in N. Dark-barred twin- Gardens, woodland, A1 Woodland Distribution: hedgerows, downs, fens, moors spot carpet S41 SPECIES B Grassland Yes Xanthorhoe & sand dunes. Local BAP D Heathland Habitat Present: ferrugata Distribution: E3 Fen Yes (moth) England & Wales: Widespread.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE F Swamp, marginal & inundation H6 Sand dune J1 Cultivated/disturbed land J2 Hedgerows with Galium & Rumex sp. & Glechoma hederacea B3 Calcareous grassland Chalk downland, limestone H8 Maritime cliff & slope Chalk carpet hills, sea cliffs & quarries with I2.1 Quarry (limestone) Distribution: Scotopteryx broken or bare ground. J4 Bare ground (chalk) Yes S41 SPECIES bipunctaria Distribution: with Lotus corniculatus, Habitat Present: (moth) England & Wales: Mainly S, Trifolium arvense, T. No scattered in central & N. pratense, T. repens & Vicia sp. A1 Woodland (rides) B3 Calcareous grassland Calcareous grassland, acid D1 Dry heathland Distribution: Shaded broad-bar heath, woodland rides, roadside H6 Sand dune Scotopteryx S41 SPECIES Yes verges, sand dunes & gardens. J1 Cultivated/disturbed chenopodiata Local BAP Habitat Present: Distribution: land (moth) No England & Wales: Widespread. with Trifolium arvense, T. pratense, T. repens & Vicia sp. B3 Calcareous grassland Mostly coastal - lime & chalk D Heathland downland, grassy heathland, Distribution: H3 Shingle Galium carpet sea cliffs, sand dunes & Yes Epirrhoe galiata S41 SPECIES H6 Sand dune shingle. Habitat Present: (moth) H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: No with Gallium saxatile, G. England & Wales: Widespread. mollugo & G. verum Mountains & moorland where B1 Acid grassland Grey mountain stone walls & rocks. D Heathland Distribution: Distribution: I1 Natural rock exposure No carpet S41 SPECIES Entephria caesiata England: Mainly Midlands & J2.5 Stone wall Habitat Present: (moth) N England, scattered in S & with Calluna vulgaris & N/A central. Wales. Vaccinium myrtillus A1 Woodland A2 Scrub Suburban habitats - rough & B Grassland waste ground, weedy sites, C3.1 Tall ruderal gardens & allotments. Also Distribution: E3 Fen Dark spinach scrub, grassland, woodland & Yes Pelurga comitata S41 SPECIES F Swamp, marginal & fens. Habitat Present: (moth) inundation Distribution: No J1 Cultivated/disturbed England: Widespread. land Wales: Scattered. with Atriplex & Chenopodium sp. A1 Woodland Suburban habitats - gardens & A2 Scrub Distribution: Spinach allotments. Also rough B Grassland Yes Eulithis mellinata S41 SPECIES grassland, scrub & woodland. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Habitat Present: Distribution: land (moth) No England & Wales: Widespread. with Ribes nigrum & R. rubrum

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland (rides) B Grassland B3 Calcareous grassland C3.1 Tall ruderal Open sites - woodland rides, D Heathland hedgerows, fens, gardens, E3 Fen Distribution: Small phoenix calcareous grassland, F Swamp, marginal & Ecliptopera S41 SPECIES Yes heathland, allotments & inundation silaceata Local BAP Habitat Present: roadside verges. J1 Cultivated/disturbed (moth) No Distribution: land England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Epilobium montanum, E. hirsutum, Circaea lutetiana & Chamerion angustifolium A1 Woodland (damp) Netted carpet Shady locations - damp open Distribution: in association with Eustroma woodlands & streamsides. No S41 SPECIES G2 Running water reticulatum Distribution: Habitat Present: with Impatiens noli- (moth) England: Lake District. N/A tangere A1 Woodland Woodlands, scrub, gardens & A2 Scrub Pretty chalk carpet hedgerows on calcareous soils. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: Melanthia Distribution: land Yes S41 SPECIES procellata England & Wales: Mainly S J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: (moth) half, scattered in N & central in association with No England. calcareous soil with Clematis vitalba Hedgerows in open areas & Barberry carpet Distribution: woodland edge. A1 Woodland (edge) Pareulype W&CA1 Yes Distribution: J2 Hedgerows berberata S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: England: Scattered in E. with Berberis vulgaris (moth) No Wales: S. A1.1 Broadleaved Damp & boggy moorland & woodland Argent & sable hillsides, fens & coppiced (coppiced & carr) Distribution: Rheumaptera deciduous woodland. D2 Wet heathland No S41 SPECIES hastata Distribution: E Mire Habitat Present: (moth) England & Wales: Widespread with Myrica gale, Betula N/A but scattered. pendula, B. pubescens & Salix sp. Open, dry, lowland sites - B1 Acid grassland calcareous grassland, limestone B2 Neutral grassland Grass rivulet hill, sandy or shingle beaches B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Perizoma albulata & dune slacks. Also some B5 Marsh/marshy Yes S41 SPECIES subsp. albulata moorland areas & wet grassland Habitat Present: (moth) meadows. H3 Shingle No Distribution: H6 Sand dune England & Wales: Widespread. with Rhinanthus minor Scarce pug Distribution: Saltmarshes. H2 Saltmarsh Eupithecia No S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Seriphidium extensaria subsp. Habitat Present: England: E. maritimum Occidua (moth) N/A A1 Woodland (open) A2 Scrub Grassland, heathland, B1 Acid grassland Distribution: moorland, hedgerows, gardens, Streak D Heathland Yes Chesias legatella S41 SPECIES scrub & open woodland. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Habitat Present: Distribution: (moth) land No England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Cytisus scoparius Heathland, moorland, open A1 Woodland (open) Distribution: Broom-tip woodland, roadside verges & A2 Scrub Yes Chesias rufata S41 SPECIES scrubby embankments. B1 Acid grassland Habitat Present: Distribution: D Heathland (moth) No England & Wales: Scattered. with Cytisus scoparius A2 Scrub Distribution: Grey carpet Dry stony habitats of Lithostege S41 SPECIES B Grassland Yes Breckland - grassland, scrub, griseata (moth) D Heathland Habitat Present:

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE farmland, waste ground & J1 Cultivated/disturbed No roadside verges. land Distribution: with Descurainia sophia England: East Anglia & & possibly Erysimum Yorkshire. cheiranthoides Ancient deciduous woodland, A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: woodland clearings, rides & natural woodland (ancient, Drab looper No Minoa murinata S41 SPECIES coppice. clearings, rides & coppice) Habitat Present: Distribution: with Euphorbia (moth) N/A England: S. Wales. amygdaloides Chalk: A1 Woodland (open) Barred tooth- Chalk downland, scrub, Distribution: striped A2 Scrub hedgerows & open woodland. Yes Trichopteryx S41 SPECIES B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Habitat Present: polycommata J2 Hedgerows England & Wales: Scattered. Yes (moth) with Fraxinus excelsior & Ligustrum vulgare A2 Scrub Gardens, allotments & B Grassland cultivated areas with fruit Distribution: J1 Cultivated/disturbed V-moth bushes. Yes Macaria wauaria S41 SPECIES land Distribution: Habitat Present: with Ribes sp. particularly (moth) England & Wales: Widespread No R. rubrum, R. nigrum & R. but scattered. uva-crispa B Grassland B3 Calcareous grassland Open sites - waste ground, D1 Dry heathland farmland, acid heathland, Distribution: J1 Cultivated/disturbed Latticed heath S41 SPECIES moorland & calcareous Yes Chiasmia clathrata land Local BAP grassland. Habitat Present: (moth) with Medicago sativa, Distribution: No Lotus corniculatus, England & Wales: Widespread. Trifolium repens, T. pratense & T. arvense A1 Woodland (carr) Open & damp scrubby A2 Scrub Distribution: Dark bordered heathland & grassland, near tall D2 Wet heathland No beauty S41 SPECIES trees or woodland. D6 Wet heath/acid Epione vespertaria Habitat Present: Distribution: grassland mosaic (moth) N/A England: N. with Salix repens & Populus tremula

A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees Woodland & suburban habitats A2 Scrub Distribution: August thorn - parks, scrub, gardens & J1 Cultivated/disturbed Ennomos S41 SPECIES Yes hedgerows. land quercinaria Local BAP Habitat Present: Distribution: J2 Hedgerows (moth) Yes England & Wales. with Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea & Q. robur

A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Dusky thorn Deciduous woodlands, Distribution: A1.3 Mixed woodland Ennomos S41 SPECIES hedgerows & gardens. Yes J1 Cultivated/disturbed fuscantaria Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: land (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. Yes J2 Hedgerows with Fraxinus excelsior

A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees J1 Cultivated/disturbed Woodland, parkland, gardens Distribution: September thorn land S41 SPECIES & hedgerows. Yes Ennomos erosaria J2 Hedgerows Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: with Fagus sylvatica, (moth) England & Wales. Yes Betula pubescens, B. pendula, Quercus & Tilia sp.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1.1 Broadleaved woodland A3.1 Broadleaved parkland/scattered trees A2 Scrub Broadleaved woodland, scrub, J1 Cultivated/disturbed parks, gardens & hedgerows. Distribution: Brindled beauty land S41 SPECIES Distribution: Yes Lycia hirtaria J2 Hedgerows Local BAP England & Wales: Widespread Habitat Present: with Alnus glutinosa, (moth) in S half, scattered in N Yes Quercus ilex, Q. robur, England. Betula pubescens, B. pendula, Crataegus monogyna, C. laevigata, Tilia platyphyllos, T. cordata & T. europaea.

B1 Acid grassland B3 Calcareous grassland H6 Sand dune Coastal sand dunes & hills, J1.2 Amenity grassland Belted beauty coastal grassland & golf Distribution: with Salix repens, Rosa Lycia zonaria courses. No S41 SPECIES pimpinellifolia, Lotus subsp. britannica Distribution: Habitat Present: corniculatus, Anthyllis England: NW. N/A (moth) vulneraria, Achillea Wales: N. millefolium, Iris pseudacorus, Trifolium & Plantago sp.

A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Woodland, hedgerows, scrub, A1.3 Mixed woodland Distribution: Sloe carpet farmland & damp heathland. A2 Scrub No Aleucis distinctata S41 SPECIES Distribution: D2 Wet heathland Habitat Present: (moth) England: S & SE. J1.1 Arable N/A J2 Hedgerows with Prunus spinosa

B3.1 Unimproved Long, herb-rich unimproved calcareous grassland with Distribution: Black-veined moth chalk grassland with tussocks W&CA1 Centaurea nigra, Lotus No Siona lineata of tall grass. S41 SPECIES corniculatus, Origanum Habitat Present: Distribution: (moth) vulgare & Brachypodium N/A England: Kent. pinnatum

B3.1 Unimproved calcareous grassland I2.1 Quarry (limestone) with Potentilla reptans, Straw belle Chalk downland, limestone Distribution: Achillea millefolium, Aspitates gilvaria hills & limestone quarries. No S41 SPECIES Pastinaca sativa, Lotus subsp. gilvaria Distribution: Habitat Present: corniculatus, Thymus (moth) England: Kent & Surrey. N/A polytrichus, Medicago lupulina, Veronica serpyllifolia & Linum catharticum A1 Woodland (carr) B1 Acid grassland B3.1 Unimproved

calcareous grassland Marshy woodland, damp acid B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: Narrow-bordered pasture or moorland & bee hawk-moth grassland Yes S41 SPECIES unimproved chalk downland. Hemaris tityus D2 Wet heathland Habitat Present: Distribution: D6 Wet heath/acid No (moth) England & Wales: Widespread grassland mosaic but scarce. with Succisa pratensis, Knautia arvensis & Scabiosa columbaria ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland (clearings) A3 Parkland/scattered trees (orchard) Figure of eight Woodland clearings, scrub, old A2 Scrub Distribution: Diloba S41 SPECIES mature hedgerows & gardens. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes caeruleocephala Local BAP Distribution: land Habitat Present: (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows Yes with Prunus spinosa, Crataegus, Malus & Rosa sp. A1 Woodland (damp, rides & clearings) B Grassland D Heathland Sandy heathland, damp E Mire woodland, rides & clearings, H6 Sand dune fens, bogs, damp neutral Distribution: Scarce vapourer with Crataegus monogyna, grassland, limestone grassland, Yes Orgyia recens S41 SPECIES Frangula alnus, Prunus chalk downland, Breck Habitat Present: spinosa, (moth) grassland & sand dunes. Yes Corylus avellanarius, Distribution: Betula, Erica, Quercus, England: NE & E. Rosa, Rumex & Salix sp., Rubus fruticosus, Filipendula ulmaria & Chamerion angustifolium D Heathland Speckled footman Distribution: Heathland. with Calluna vulgaris, Coscinia cribraria No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Agrostis curtisii, Erica subsp. bivittatta Habitat Present: England: Dorset. tetralix, E. cinerea & N/A (moth) Vaccinium myrtillus

A1 Woodland (open) A2 Scrub A3 Parkland/scattered trees Damp meadows, scrub, B Grassland gardens, parks, open woodland, Distribution: E3 Fen Garden tiger S41 SPECIES sand dunes, fens & waste Yes Arctia caja H6 Sand dune Local BAP ground. Habitat Present: (moth) J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: Yes land England & Wales: Widespread. with Arctium lappa, A. minus, Urtica dioica & Rumex obtusifolius

A1 Woodland A2 Scrub B Grassland Gardens, hedgerows, grassland, D Heathland Distribution: White ermine heathland, moorland, E3 Fen Spilosoma S41 SPECIES Yes woodland, scrub & fens. J1 Cultivated/disturbed lubricipeda Local BAP Habitat Present: Distribution: land Yes (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Rumex crispus, R. obtusifolius & Urtica dioica A1 Woodland A2 Scrub A3 Parkland/scattered trees B Grassland Gardens, hedgerows, parkland, D Heathland Distribution: woodland, heathland, E3 Fen Buff ermine S41 SPECIES Yes Spilosoma luteum grassland, fens & scrub. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Local BAP Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: land Yes England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Humulus lupulus, Lonicera periclymenum, Prunus domestica & Urtica dioica

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland (rides) B Grassland Grassland, sand dunes, D Heathland heathland, gardens, waste Distribution: Cinnabar H6 Sand dune S41 SPECIES ground, railway embankments Yes Tyria jacobaeae J1 Cultivated/disturbed Local BAP & woodland rides. Habitat Present: (moth) land Distribution: Yes with Senecio jacobea & England & Wales: Widespread. occasionally other Senecio sp. A1 Woodland (open) B1 Acid grassland B3 Calcareous grassland Sand dunes, sea cliffs, D Heathland Distribution: moorland, heathland, open White-line dart S41 SPECIES H6 Sand dune Yes Euxoa tritici woodland & downland. Local BAP H8 Maritime cliff & slope Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: with Galium verum, G. Yes England & Wales: Widespread. mollugo, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria media & S. holostea B Grassland Gardens, allotments, farmland, J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: Garden dart Euxoa nigricans S41 SPECIES downland & waste ground. land Yes Local BAP Distribution: with Trifolium pratense, Habitat Present: (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. Plantago major, P. Yes lanceolata & Rumex sp. A1 Woodland B1 Acid grassland B3 Calcareous grassland D1 Dry heathland Open, dry, sandy heathland or with Stellaria media, Lunar yellow calcareous grassland & open Distribution: Dactylis glomerata, grassy areas within woodland. Yes underwing S41 SPECIES Elytrigia repens, Primula Noctua orbona Distribution: Habitat Present: veris, Potentilla (moth) England: Mainly S & E. No reptans, Ranunculus Wales: Scattered. acris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Phalaris arundinacea & Festuca ovina A1.1 Broadleaved woodland A2 Scrub A3 Parkland/scattered trees B5 Marsh/marshy grassland Broadleaved woodland, scrub, E3 Fen Distribution: Double dart parks, marshes, riverbanks, S41 SPECIES F Swamp, marginal & Yes Graphiphora augur hedgerows, fens & gardens. Local BAP inundation Habitat Present: Distribution: (moth) G2 Running water Yes England & Wales: Widespread. J1 Cultivated/disturbed land J2 Hedgerows with Prunus spinosa, Betula, Crataegus & Salix sp. & Rumex obtusifolius A1 Woodland (fringes) Sandy or chalky soils - B1 Acid grassland Autumnal rustic woodland fringes, rough B3 Calcareous grassland Distribution: Eugnorisma S41 SPECIES grassland, heathland, moorland D Heathland Yes glareosa Local BAP & downland. with Betula pendula, B. Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: pubescens, Calluna Yes England & Wales: Widespread. vulgaris, Erica cinerea & Hyacinthoides non-scripta

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland (carr) A2 Scrub B Grassland B5 Marsh/marshy Wet woodland, grassland, grassland marshes, scrub, hedgerows, Distribution: D Heathland Small square-spot S41 SPECIES fens, gardens, heathland & Yes Diarsia rubi E3 Fen Local BAP rough meadows. Habitat Present: (moth) J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: Yes land England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Calluna vulgaris, Rumex & Taraxacum sp. & Digitalis purpurea

Heathland, moorland & bogs. D Heathland Distribution: Neglected rustic Distribution: E1 Bog Yes Xestia castanea S41 SPECIES England & Wales: Scattered & with Calluna vulgaris, Habitat Present: (moth) local. Erica cinerea & E. tetralix No

Acid heathland & moorland. Distribution: Heath rustic Distribution: D Heathland Yes Xestia agathina S41 SPECIES England & Wales: Scattered & with Calluna vulgaris Habitat Present: (moth) local. No

Mountains & high moorland, Northern dart D Heathland Distribution: up to 850 m. Xestia alpicola D4 Montane heath/dwarf Unknown S41 SPECIES Distribution: subsp. alpina herb Habitat Present: England: N (Lake District & with Empetrum nigrum No (moth) Pennines).

Rough or scrubby grassland & Distribution: Pale shining downland & open woodland on A1 Woodland (open) S41 SPECIES Yes brown chalk or limestone soils. A2 Scrub Polia bombycina Local BAP Habitat Present: Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland Yes (moth) England: Mainly S half.

B3 Calcareous grassland D Heathland Chalk downland, Breck & H6 Sand dune limestone grassland, sea cliffs, Bordered gothic H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: sand dunes, heathland, waste Heliophobus S41 SPECIES I2.1 Quarry (limestone) Yes ground, limestone quarries & reticulata J1 Cultivated/disturbed Habitat Present: embankments. (moth) land No Distribution: with Polygonum aviculare, England: S & E. Saponaria officinalis & Silene vulgaris

A1 Woodland B Grassland C3.1 Tall ruderal J1 Cultivated/disturbed land Woodland, gardens, waste J2 Hedgerows Distribution: Dot moth ground, roadside verges & Melanchra S41 SPECIES with Convolvulus arvensis, Yes hedgerows. persicariae Local BAP Sambucus nigra, Humulus Habitat Present: Distribution: lupulus, Rumex Yes (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. obtusifolius, Ribes nigrum, Senecio vulgaris, Trifolium repens, Corylus avellana, Hedera helix & Urtica dioica Broom moth Open woodland, scrub, A1 Woodland (open) Distribution: S41 SPECIES Melanchra pisi moorland, heathland, grassland A2 Scrub Yes Local BAP (moth) & gardens. B Grassland Habitat Present:

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Distribution: D Heathland Yes England & Wales: Widespread. H8 Maritime cliff & slope with Cytisus scoparius, Hippophae rhamnoides, Pteridium aquilinum, Calluna vulgaris, Rubus fruticosus & Salix sp. Shingle beaches & chalk or Distribution: H3 Shingle White spot limestone sea-cliffs. No Hadena albimacula S41 SPECIES H8 Maritime cliff & slope Distribution: Habitat Present: with Silene nutans (moth) England: S coast. N/A A1 Woodland (open) Open, rough acid grassland, B1 Acid grassland Distribution: heathland, open woodland & Hedge rustic S41 SPECIES D Heathland Yes Tholera cespitis fens. Local BAP E3 Fen Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: with Nardus stricta & No England & Wales: Scattered. Deschampsia flexuosa A1 Woodland (edges) A2 Scrub Rough grassland, scrub, A3 Parkland/scattered trees Distribution: downland, woodland edges, Feathered gothic S41 SPECIES B Grassland Yes Tholera decimalis parks & gardens. Local BAP J1 Cultivated/disturbed Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: land No England & Wales: Widespread. with Nardus stricta & Festuca ovina A1 Woodland (damp) B5 Marsh/marshy grassland D Heathland E3 Fen F Swamp, marginal & Marshes, damp woodland, inundation Distribution: Powdered quaker Orthosia gracilis S41 SPECIES fens, heathland & gardens. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes Local BAP Distribution: land Habitat Present: (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. with Salix cinerea, S. Yes aurita, S. caprea, Myrica gale, Prunus spinosa, Pulicaria dysenterica, Populus nigra, Lythrum salicaria & Filipendula ulmaria A1 Woodland (damp) B Grassland B5 Marsh/marshy Damp woodland, fens, Distribution: Shoulder-striped grassland S41 SPECIES grassland, marshes & gardens. Yes wainscot E3 Fen Mythimna comma Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: J1 Cultivated/disturbed England & Wales: Widespread. Yes (moth) land with grasses particularly Dactylis glomerata A1 Woodland Unshaded sites - rough (rides & clearings) downland, calcareous B Grassland Striped lychnis Distribution: grassland, roadside verges, B3 Calcareous grassland Shargacucullia No S41 SPECIES field margins, embankments, C3.1 Tall ruderal lychnitis Habitat Present: woodland rides & clearings. J1 Cultivated/disturbed (moth) N/A Distribution: land England: S. with Verbascum nigrum V. thapsus & V. lychnitis A1 Woodland (carr) Damp woodland, heaths, fens, B5 Marsh/marshy marshes, river valleys & Minor shoulder- grassland Distribution: knot gardens. D Heathland Yes Brachylomia S41 SPECIES Distribution: G2 Running water Habitat Present: viminalis England & Wales: Widespread E3 Fen No (moth) in S half, scattered in N with Salix & Populus sp. England. particularly S. cinerea

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1.1 Broadleaved woodland A1.3 Mixed woodland Broadleaved woodland, A2 Scrub gardens & areas with scattered A3 Parkland/scattered trees Distribution: Sprawler trees. Asteroscopus S41 SPECIES J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes Distribution: sphinx Local BAP land Habitat Present: England & Wales: Widespread with Prunus spinosa, Yes (moth) in S half, scattered in N Crataegus monogyna, Tilia England. x europaea, , Corylus avellana, Quercus robur & Ulmus minor B Grassland Rocky coastal habitats - D Heathland grassland, sand dunes, sea H6 Sand dune Distribution: Brindled ochre cliffs & upland grassland & H8 Maritime cliff and No Dasypolia templi S41 SPECIES moorland. slope Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: with Heracleum N/A England: Scattered in N & SW. sphondylium & Angelica Wales: Scattered. sylvestris A2 Scrub B Grassland Calcareous grassland, rough B3 Calcareous grassland meadows, downland, D Heathland Distribution: Deep-brown dart heathland, sand dunes & Aporophyla S41 SPECIES H6 Sand dune Yes gardens. lutulenta Local BAP J1 Cultivated/disturbed Habitat Present: Distribution: land Yes (moth) England: Widespread in S half. with Crataegus monogyna, Wales: Scattered. Rumex obtusifolius, R. acetosa & R. acetosella A1.1/A1.3 Woodland A2 Scrub A3 Parkland/scattered trees J1 Cultivated/disturbed Broadleaved woodland, Green-brindled land Distribution: hedgerows, scrub & suburban crescent S41 SPECIES J2 Hedgerows Yes Allophyes habitats - gardens & parkland. Local BAP with Prunus spinosa, Habitat Present: oxyacanthae Distribution: Crataegus monogyna, Yes England & Wales: Widespread. (moth) C. laevigata, Populus alba, Malus sylvestris, Rosa canina & Sorbus aucuparia A1 Woodland B1 Acid grassland Heathland, chalk downland, B3 Calcareous grassland fenland, woodland, sand dunes, Distribution: D Heathland Dark brocade S41 SPECIES moorland & upland grassland. Yes Blepharita adusta E3 Fen Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: (moth) H6 Sand dune England & Wales: Widespread Yes with Alnus glutinosa, but scattered. Silene vulgaris, Myrica gale & Calluna vulgaris A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Mature oak woodland, natural woodland hedgerows & areas with Distribution: Orange upperwing A3.1 Broadleaved scattered tress. No Jodia croceago S41 SPECIES parkland/scattered trees Distribution: Habitat Present: J2 Hedgerows (moth) England & Wales: Very rare - N/A with Quercus robur & Q. last recorded in S. petraea A1.1 Broadleaved woodland A2 Scrub Broadleaved woodland, B Grassland scrubby downland, heathland D Heathland Distribution: Flounced chestnut & moorland. S41 SPECIES with Salix aurita, S. Yes Agrochola helvola Distribution: Local BAP caprea, S. cinerea, Habitat Present: England & Wales: Widespread (moth) Betula pendula, B. Yes in S half, scattered in N pubescens, Quercus robur, England. Q. petraea, Ulmus procera, U. glabra, Calluna vulgaris ______

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE & Vaccinium myrtillus

A1.1/A1.3 Woodland A2 Scrub A3.1/A3.3 Parkland/ scattered trees B Grassland Broadleaved woodland, D Heathland parkland, scrub, gardens, Distribution: Brown-spot pinion E3 Fen S41 SPECIES heathland, fens, grassland & Yes Agrochola litura J1 Cultivated/disturbed Local BAP hedgerows. Habitat Present: (moth) land Distribution: Yes J2 Hedgerows England & Wales: Widespread. with Quercus sp., Crataegus monogyna, Silene vulgaris, Rumex acetosa & Filipendula ulmaria A1.1/A1.3 Woodland A2 Scrub Broadleaved woodland, scrub, B Grassland Beaded chestnut Distribution: hedgerows, grassland, D Heathland Agrochola S41 SPECIES Yes heathland & gardens. J1 Cultivated/disturbed lychnidis Local BAP Habitat Present: Distribution: land (moth) Yes England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Crataegus monogyna & other trees/shrubs A1.1/A1.3 Woodland Broadleaved woodland, Distribution: Centre-barred J1 Cultivated/disturbed S41 SPECIES hedgerows & gardens. Yes sallow land Atethmia centrago Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: J2 Hedgerows (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. Yes with Fraxinus excelsior A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Damp & broadleaved B5 Marsh/marshy woodland, heathland, grassland Distribution: Sallow Xanthia icteritia S41 SPECIES moorland, marshes, fens & D Heathland Yes Local BAP gardens. E3 Fen Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes England & Wales: Widespread. land with Salix sp., Populus alba & P. nigra A1.1/A1.3 Woodland Dusky-lemon Broadleaved woodland, A3.1/A3.3 Parkland/ Distribution: sallow S41 SPECIES hedgerows & parkland. scattered trees Yes Xanthia gilvago Local BAP Distribution: J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: (moth) England & Wales: Scattered. with Ulmus procera & U. No glabra

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland A2 Scrub A3 Parkland/scattered trees B3 Calcareous grassland D Heathland E3 Fen Woodland, hedgerows, parks, J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: gardens, scrubby heathland, Grey dagger S41 SPECIES land Yes Acronicta psi calcareous grassland & fens. Local BAP J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: with Prunus spinosa, Yes England & Wales: Widespread. Malus pumila, Betula pubescens, B. pendula, Tilia x europaea, Ulmus procera, Crataegus monogyna, C. laevigata & Sorbus aucuparia

A1 Woodland A2 Scrub B Grassland B5 Marsh/marshy grassland D Heathland Open sites - grassland, E3 Fen heathland, woodland, fens, J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: Knot grass S41 SPECIES scrub, marshes, gardens & land Yes Acronicta rumicis Local BAP hedgerows. J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: with Rubus fruticosus, Yes England & Wales: Widespread. Crataegus monogyna, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Plantago lanceolata, P. major, Rumex acetosa, R. obtusifolius, Humulus lupulus & Mentha aquatica

A1 Woodland D Heathland E3 Fen Wide range of habitats - H6 Sand dune Distribution: Mouse moth gardens, woodland, sand J1 Cultivated/disturbed Amphipyra S41 SPECIES Yes dunes, moorland & fens. land tragopoginis Local BAP Habitat Present: Distribution: with Crataegus monogyna, Yes (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. Salix sp., Foeniculum vulgare, Artemesia vulgaris & Sanguisorba minor

A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Mature oak woodland, wooded Distribution: natural woodland Heart moth commons & oak parkland. No Dicycla oo S41 SPECIES A3.1 Broadleaved Distribution: Habitat Present: parkland/scattered trees (moth) England: SE & E. N/A with Quercus robur

A1.1 Broadleaved Woodland, thickets, copses & woodland Distribution: White-spotted hedgerows. pinion S41 SPECIES A1.3 Mixed woodland Yes Distribution: Cosmia diffinis Local BAP J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: England: Scattered in S half. with Ulmus procera, U. Yes (moth) Wales: Scattered. minor & U. glabra

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland (open) B2 Neutral grassland B3 Calcareous grassland Open woodland, dry pastures, B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: marshes, calcareous grassland, Dusky brocade S41 SPECIES grassland Yes Apamea remissa gardens & hedgerows. Local BAP J1 Cultivated/disturbed Habitat Present: Distribution: (moth) land No England & Wales: Widespread. J2 Hedgerows with Elytrigia repens & Phalaris arundinacea A1 Woodland Dry pasture, chalk grassland, (open & edges) farmland, open woodland & A2 Scrub edges, fens, scrub, gardens & B Grassland Distribution: Large nutmeg S41 SPECIES heathland. D Heathland Yes Apamea anceps Local BAP Distribution: E3 Fen Habitat Present: (moth) England: Widespread in S half, J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes scattered in N. land Wales: Scattered. with Dactylis glomerata & Poa annua A1 Woodland (open) A2 Scrub B3 Calcareous grassland Fens, scrub, calcareous D Heathland grassland, heathland, open E3 Fen Distribution: Rosy minor Mesoligia literosa S41 SPECIES woodland, gardens & coastal H6 Sand dune Yes Local BAP areas - sand dunes & sea cliffs. H8 Maritime cliff & slope Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes England & Wales: Widespread. land with Dactylis glomerata, Ammophila arenaria & Leymus arenarius A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Fenland & ancient woodland. natural woodland (ancient) Concolorous No Chortodes S41 SPECIES Distribution: E3 Fen Habitat Present: extrema England: SE & E. with Calamagrostis (moth) N/A canescens & C. epigejos

Fenn’s wainscot E3 Fen Distribution: Fenland in reedbeds. Chortodes F Swamp, marginal & Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: brevilinea inundation Habitat Present: England: E Anglia. (moth) with Phragmites australis No

H3 Shingle H4 Boulders/rocks Sandhill rustic Sandy & rocky coasts, shingle H5 Strandline vegetation Distribution: (Cornish subsp.) & sand beaches. H6 Sand dune No Luperina nickerlii S41 SPECIES subsp. leechi Distribution: with Puccinellia maritima, Habitat Present: England: Cornwall. P. distans, Poa bulbosa, N/A (moth) Agropyron junceiforme & Festuca rubra

A1 Woodland (rides) A2 Scrub B Grassland (unimproved) Unimproved grassland, B5 Marsh/marshy woodland rides, scrub, fens, grassland marshes, gardens, moorland, Distribution: Ear moth D Heathland S41 SPECIES heathland & saltmarshes. Yes Amphipoea oculea E3 Fen Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: H2 Saltmarsh (moth) England: Widespread in S half, Yes J1 Cultivated/disturbed scattered in N. land Wales: Widespread. with Poa annua, Petasites hybridus & Deschampsia cespitosa

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland B Grassland E3 Fen G1 Standing water

G2 Running water Open woodland & rides, scrub, J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: rough grassland, marshes, fens, Rosy rustic S41 SPECIES land Yes Hydraecia micacea gardens, hedgerows & Local BAP J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: (moth) heathland. with Humulus lupulus, Yes Distribution: Plantago lanceolata, England & Wales: Widespread. Rumex obtusifolius, Stachys & Arctium sp., Limonium vulgare & Fragaria ananassa B5 Marsh/marshy Marsh mallow Marshes, fens, river banks & grassland Distribution: moth ditches. E3 Fen No Hydraecia osseola S41 SPECIES subsp. hucherardi Distribution: G1 Standing water Habitat Present: England: Kent & E Sussex. G2 Running water N/A (moth) with Althaea officinalis A2 Scrub B2.1 Unimproved neutral Coastal & rough neutral grassland grassland on clay soils, scrub, Distribution: Fisher’s estuarine B5 Marsh/marshy moth EPS sea cliffs, saltmarshes & No grassland Gortyna borelii W&CA4 grazing marsh. Habitat Present: H2 Saltmarsh Distribution: N/A (moth) H8 Maritime cliff & slope England: NE Essex & Kent. with Peucedanum officinale Bogs, fens, marshes, wet B5 Marsh/marshy heaths, upland acid moorland. grassland Distribution: Haworth’s minor Distribution: D Heathland Yes Celaena haworthii S41 SPECIES England: Scattered in N, scarce E1 Bog Habitat Present: (moth) in S half. E3 Fen No Wales: Scattered. with Eriophorum sp. A1 Woodland (damp) B5 Marsh/marshy Damp woodland, fens, grassland Crescent moorland, marshes, reedbeds, E Mire Distribution: Celaena S41 SPECIES riversides & lake or ditch F Swamp, marginal & Yes leucostigma Local BAP margins. inundation Habitat Present: (moth) Distribution: G1 Standing water No England & Wales: Scattered. G2 Running water with Iris pseudacorus & Cladium mariscus

F Swamp, marginal & Drier parts of reedbeds & reed- Distribution: White-mantled inundation S41 SPECIES lined ditches. Yes wainscot G1 Standing water Archanara neurica Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: G2 Running water (moth) England: Suffolk. No with Phragmites australis

B5 Marsh/marshy grassland Drier parts of reedbeds, reed- Distribution: F Swamp, marginal & Large wainscot S41 SPECIES lined ditches & riversides. Yes Rhizedra lutosa inundation Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: G1 Standing water (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. No G2 Running water with Phragmites australis

B Grassland J1.1 Arable Cereal & corn fields & grassy with wild grasses & cereal Distribution: Brighton wainscot margins. crops in Poaceae No musculosa S41 SPECIES Distribution: particularly Habitat Present: (moth) England: Central S. Hordeum vulgare, Avena N/A sativa, Triticum aestivum & Secale cereale

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A1 Woodland B Grassland C3.1 Tall ruderal Woodlands, rough meadows & Distribution: Rustic J1 Cultivated/disturbed S41 SPECIES gardens. Yes Hoplodrina blanda land Local BAP Distribution: Habitat Present: with Rumex crispus, R. (moth) England & Wales: Widespread. Yes obtusifolius, Plantago major, P. lanceolata & Stellaria media A1 Woodland A2 Scrub B Grassland C3.1 Tall ruderal Grassland, farmland, scrub, Mottled rustic D Heathland Distribution: heathland, woodland & Caradrina S41 SPECIES J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes gardens. morpheus Local BAP land Habitat Present: Distribution: (moth) with Rumex crispus, R. Yes England & Wales: Widespread. obtusifolius, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Gallium mollugo & Chenopodium sp. B5 Marsh/marshy Coastal fens & marshy grassland Distribution: Marsh moth grasslands. E3 Fen Yes Athetis pallustris S41 SPECIES Distribution: H Coastland Habitat Present: (moth) England: NE. with Filipendula ulmaria No & Plantago lanceolata Sparse vegetation in open Reddish buff A1 Woodland Distribution: heathland & sunny rides in Acosmetia W&CA1 (sunny rides) No woodland. caliginosa S41 SPECIES D Heathland (open) Habitat Present: Distribution: with Serratula tinctoria N/A (moth) England: Isle of Wight. Moorland, heathland & dune heath. D Heathland Distribution: Anomalous Distribution: H6.6 Dune heath Yes Stilbia anomala S41 SPECIES England & Wales: Scattered in with Deschampsia Habitat Present: (moth) mainly N & W, local in E flexuosa & D. cespitosa No England. Shoulder-striped Damp acid heathland. D2 Wet heathland Distribution: Distribution: with Erica tetralix, No clover S41 SPECIES Heliothis maritima England: Hampshire, Dorset & Calluna vulgaris & Habitat Present: (moth) Surrey. Narthecium ossifragum N/A Mature or ancient oak A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Light crimson woodland. natural woodland underwing No S41 SPECIES Distribution: (mature or ancient) Catocala promissa Habitat Present: England: Hampshire, formerly with Quercus robur & Q. N/A (moth) S. petraea Mature or ancient oak A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Dark crimson woodland. natural woodland (mature underwing No S41 SPECIES Distribution: or ancient) Catocala sponsa Habitat Present: England: New Forest, with Quercus robur & Q. N/A (moth) Hampshire. petraea Well-drained, open sites with B1 Acid grassland S-facing slopes, & dry, sandy B3.1 Unimproved Distribution: Four-spotted moth or chalky soils - field margins, calcareous grassland Yes Tyta luctuosa S41 SPECIES unimproved calcareous I2.1 Quarry (disused) Habitat Present: (moth) grassland & wasteland. J1 Cultivated/disturbed No Distribution: land England: S & E. with Convolvulus arvensis A1.1 Broadleaved Mature open deciduous woodland Distribution: woodland & coppice, often (open/coppice/ancient) Common fan-foot Yes Pechipogo S41 SPECIES ancient. with Quercus robur, Alnus Habitat Present: strigilata (moth) Distribution: glutinosa, Betula sp., Yes England: S half. Rubus fruticosus & Taraxacum officinale

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Distribution: Oak & broadleaved woodland. A1.1 Broadleaved Clay fan-foot No Paracolax tristalis S41 SPECIES Distribution: woodland Habitat Present: England: SE. with Quercus robur (moth) N/A A1.1 Broadleaved Mature broadleaved woodland Distribution: Olive crescent woodland (clearings) Trisateles & clearings. No S41 SPECIES with Fagus sylvatica, emortualis Distribution: Habitat Present: Quercus robur & Q. England: S & SE. N/A (moth) petraea Sandhill pigmy Distribution: moth Coastal sand hills & dunes. H6 Sand dune No Stigmella S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Salix repens Habitat Present: zelleriella England: Kent. N/A (moth) B Grassland Horehound long- Dry pastures, waste ground & C Tall herb & fern Distribution: horn moth hedgerows. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes Nemophora S41 SPECIES fasciella Distribution: land Habitat Present: England: S & E. J2 Hedgerows No (moth) with Ballota nigra Currant shoot Woodlands. Distribution: A1 Woodland borer Distribution: Yes S41 SPECIES with Ribes rubrum, R. Lampronia England & Wales: Scattered Habitat Present: nigrum & R. uva-crispa capitella (moth) but local. No Dorset tineid moth Distribution: Sea cliffs & rocky areas. Eudarcia H8 Maritime cliff & slope No S41 SPECIES Distribution: richardsoni with algae & lichens Habitat Present: England: Dorset coast. (moth) N/A Distribution: Scarce aspen Woodlands. midget moth A1 Woodland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Phyllonorycter with Populus tremula Habitat Present: England & Wales: W. sagitella (moth) N/A Lowland calcareous grassland Surrey midget Distribution: moth & downland. B3 Calcareous grassland No Phyllonorycter S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Scabious columbaria Habitat Present: scabiosella England: Surrey, Kent & N/A (moth) Gloucestershire. Woodlands, wood-pasture, A1 Woodland Distribution: Scarce brown parkland & hedgerows with streak A3 Parkland/scattered trees No S41 SPECIES veteran trees. Aplota palpella J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: Distribution: with veteran trees N/A (moth) England: S. Greenweed flat- Unimproved grassland. Distribution: body Distribution: B Grassland (unimproved) Yes Agonopterix S41 SPECIES atomella England & Wales: Scattered in with Genista tinctoria Habitat Present: S, E & NW. No (moth) Fuscous flat-body Calcareous grassland, chalk Distribution: B3 Calcareous grassland Agonopterix downs & limestone pavement. No S41 SPECIES I1.3 Limestone pavement capreolella Distribution: Habitat Present: with Pimpinella saxifraga (moth) England: Kent & Isle of Wight. N/A B5 Marsh/marshy Fens, shallow standing water, grassland Water-dock case- Distribution: bearer riverbanks & coastal marshes. E3 Fen Yes Coleophora S41 SPECIES Distribution: G1 Standing water Habitat Present: hydrolapathella England: Norfolk & Suffolk G2 Running water No (moth) Broads. with Rumex hydrolapathum A1.2.2 Coniferous Unimproved Breckland plantation woodland Basil-thyme case- Distribution: grassland & heathland, disused (rides) bearer Yes Coleophora S41 SPECIES airfields & forest rides. B Grassland (unimproved) Habitat Present: tricolor Distribution: D Heathland No (moth) England: Suffolk & Norfolk. with Holcus lanatus & Clinopodium arvensis

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Large gold case- Old rough pastures & Distribution: bearer A1 Woodland (rides) woodland rides. No Coleophora S41 SPECIES B Grassland (unimproved) Distribution: Habitat Present: vibicella with Genista tinctoria England: S. N/A (moth) Betony case- Distribution: Open woodland & rides. A1 Woodland bearer No Coleophora S41 SPECIES Distribution: (open & rides) Habitat Present: wockeella England: Surrey & Sussex. with Stachys officinalis N/A (moth) H6 Sand dune H8 Maritime cliff & slope with Armeria maritima, Distribution: Dry sandy habitats on coast. Least owlet Ononis repens, Thymus No siccella S41 SPECIES Distribution: polytrichus, Lotus Habitat Present: (moth) England: Chesil Beach, Dorset. corniculatus, Anthyllis N/A vulneraria, & Plantago & Cerastium sp. Distribution: Slate sober moth Damp heathland. Syncopacma D2 Wet heathland Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: albipalpella with Genista anglica Habitat Present: England: SE & E. (moth) No Distribution: Western sober Dry heathland. moth D1 Dry heathland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Syncopacma with Genista pilosa Habitat Present: England: Lizard, Cornwall. suecicella (moth) N/A Distribution: Chalk-hill lance- Limestone & chalk grassland. wing B3 Calcareous grassland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Epermenia with Thesium humifusum Habitat Present: England: Central S. insecurella (moth) N/A Mature traditional apple A1.1.2 Broadleaved Distribution: orchards & hedgerows. plantation woodland Mistletoe marble No Celypha woodiana S41 SPECIES Distribution: (orchards) Habitat Present: (moth) England: SW & Midlands. J2 Hedgerows N/A Wales. with Viscum album A2 Scrub Downland, scrub & hedgerows Distribution: Liquorice piercer B3 Calcareous grassland Grapholita on calcareous soils. No S41 SPECIES J2 Hedgerows pallifrontana Distribution: Habitat Present: with Astragalos England: S. N/A (moth) glycyphyllos Scarce aspen A1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: Mature aspen woodland. knothorn woodland No S41 SPECIES Distribution: Sciota hostilis A3.1 Mixed woodland Habitat Present: England: SE & W Midlands. (moth) with Populus tremula N/A A1 Woodland Calcareous grassland, (rides & edges) Distribution: White-spotted woodland rides & edges, B3 Calcareous grassland No sable S41 SPECIES limestone pavements & cliffs. H8 Maritime cliff & slope Anania funebris Habitat Present: Distribution: I1.3 Limestone pavement (moth) N/A England & Wales: Scattered. with Solidago virgaurea & Genista tinctoria A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Beautiful pearl Ancient woodland. Agrotera natural woodland (ancient) No S41 SPECIES Distribution: nemoralis with Carpinus betulus & Habitat Present: England: Kent. (moth) Corylus avellana N/A

Open, unimproved or semi- A1.2.2 Coniferous improved pasture, heathlands, Hornet robberfly plantation woodland Distribution: dunes & occasionally wide Asilus B Grassland Yes S41 SPECIES forest roads. Larvae associated crabroniformis (semi-improved) Habitat Present: with cattle & rabbit dung. (fly) D Heathland Yes Distribution: H6 Sand dune England & Wales: S. Lowland open heathland with Distribution: exposed sandy banks & bluffs Heath bee-fly D Heathland No Bombylius minor S41 SPECIES along the edges of paths. Habitat Present: Distribution: (fly) N/A England: Dorset & Isle of Man.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Lowland open heathland with varying age structure, sparse Mottled bee-fly vegetation & bare S-facing D1 Dry heathland Distribution: Thyridanthrax sandy banks, often on sand I2 Artificial rock exposure No S41 SPECIES fenestratus pits. & waste (sand pits) Habitat Present: (fly) Distribution: with Calluna vulgaris N/A England: Dorset, Sussex, Surrey, Berks & Hampshire. Sandy riverbanks with extensive sand bars, some tree A1 Woodland & Distribution: Southern silver shading & bare sand in sunny A2 Scrub stiletto-fly No S41 SPECIES areas. in association with Cliorismia rustica Habitat Present: Distribution: G2 Running water N/A (fly) England: N & SE. (with sand bars) Wales: S. Saline lagoons & salty lakes Distribution: Fancy-legged fly with bare muddy banks. Campsicnemus G1.6 Brackish standing No S41 SPECIES Distribution: magius water Habitat Present: England: SE coast, Thames N/A (fly) Estuary, Cheshire & Yorkshire. Broads long- Fen meadows & fen carr A1 Woodland (carr) Distribution: habitats. B5 Marsh/marshy legged fly Yes Dolichopus S41 SPECIES Distribution: grassland Habitat Present: laticola England: Norfolk Broads, E3 Fen No (fly) Kent, Sussex & Surrey. F1 Swamp A1 Woodland (carr) Bure long-legged Fenlands. Distribution: fly B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: No Dolichopus S41 SPECIES grassland England: Bure Valley, Norfolk Habitat Present: nigripes E3 Fen Broads. N/A (fly) F1 Swamp A1 Woodland Sandy river valleys with A2 Scrub shaded edges from riverside A3 Parkland/scattered trees shrubs, trees, woodland, B5 Marsh/marshy hedgerows & parkland with Distribution: English assassin- grassland mixed low intensity No fly S41 SPECIES J1.1 Arable Empis limata agriculture. Habitat Present: J2 Hedgerows (fly) Distribution: N/A in association with England: Moccas Park, G2 Running water (sandy Herefordshire. river valleys) Wales: Monnow & Usk Valley.

Distribution: Clubbed big- Fenlands. E3 Fen headed fly Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: F1 Swamp Dorylomorpha Habitat Present: England: East Anglia. with Phragmites australis clavifemora (fly) No Parklands & mature woodland A1.1 Broadleaved with tree holes with wet woodland Distribution: Golden hoverfly decaying wood. A3 Parkland/scattered trees Yes Callicera spinolae S41 SPECIES Distribution: with Fagus sylvaticus, Habitat Present: (fly) England: E Anglia & Fraxinus excelsior, Acer No Hertfordshire. sp. & Hedera helix Broken-banded Lowland dry heathlands. Distribution: wasp-hoverfly Distribution: No Chrysotoxum S41 SPECIES D1 Dry heathland octomaculatum England: Cornwall, Habitat Present: Hampshire, Surrey & Dorset. N/A (fly) Chalk grassland & downland, A1 Woodland (edge) Distribution: Phantom hoverfly scrub & deciduous woodland A2 Scrub No Doros profuges S41 SPECIES edges on chalk. B3 Calcareous grassland Habitat Present: (fly) Distribution: with Rubus sp. N/A England: Scattered in S & NW.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE A2 Scrub Bogs, valley mires, heathland, B5 Marsh/marshy moorland & wet heath pasture, Distribution: grassland Bog hoverfly with narrow mossy water No Eristalis cryptarum S41 SPECIES D Heathland channels & often scrub. Habitat Present: (fly) G2 Running water Distribution: N/A E1 Bog England: Dartmoor, Devon. E3.1 Valley mire Rot-holes with pools of water in mature deciduous trees in A1.1.1 Semi-natural Western wood- ancient woodland & wood broadleaved woodland Distribution: vase hoverfly pasture. (ancient) No S41 SPECIES Myolepta potens Distribution: A3.1 Broadleaved Habitat Present: (fly) England: Moccas Park, parkland/scattered trees N/A Herefordshire & (ancient) Gloucestershire. Fenland & reedbeds, often in A2 Scrub Distribution: Cigarillo gall-fly reeds amongst grasses & scrub. E3 Fen Yes Lipara similis S41 SPECIES Distribution: F1 Swamp Habitat Present: (fly) England: East Anglia. with Phragmites No Goat moth Cossus cossus A1 Woodland infested oak trees. A3 Parkland/scattered trees Distribution: Variegated fruit-fly Distribution: J2 Hedgerows No Amiota variegata S41 SPECIES England: New Forest, with Quercus sp. Habitat Present: (fly) Hampshire & Forest of Dean, in association with Cossus N/A Gloucestershire. cossus Coastal sand dunes & sparsely vegetated shingle, with land H3 Shingle/gravel above Distribution: Dune snail-killing snails (Helicidae). fly Salticella high-tide mark No S41 SPECIES Distribution: fasciata H5 Strandline vegetation Habitat Present: England: Lincolnshire & H6 Sand dune N/A (fly) Norfolk. Wales: Pembrokeshire. Brownfield sites, quarries, scrub, herb-rich semi-rank A1 Woodland Phoenix fly Distribution: grassland & deciduous A2 Scrub Dorycera No S41 SPECIES woodland. B Grassland graminum Habitat Present: Distribution: I2 Artificial rock exposure (fly) N/A England: S & SE, mainly in & waste Thames Corridor. Lowland raised sphagnum bog. Hairy canary Distribution: Distribution: Phaonia E1.6.2 Raised sphagnum No S41 SPECIES England: N, New Forest & jaroschewskii bog (lowland) Habitat Present: Burnham Beeches, N/A (fly) Buckinghamshire. Fens and marsh with open, B5 Marsh/marshy Barred green Distribution: colonel base-rich seepages. grassland No Odontomyia S41 SPECIES Distribution: E2 Flush & spring Habitat Present: hydroleon England: N Yorkshire. (on calcareous ground) N/A (fly) Wales: W. E3 Fen Open wetland habitats - F Swamp, marginal & floodplain grazing marsh & inundation Distribution: Black fungus gnat fens. B5 Marsh/marshy Yes Asindulum nigrum S41 SPECIES Distribution: grassland Habitat Present: (fly) England: East Anglia & E3 Fen No Hampshire. with Apiaceae Lowland mixed deciduous A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- woodland, beech woodland, natural woodland wood pasture & parkland with Distribution: Giant wood gnat A1.3.1 Mixed semi-natural Neoempheria fallen hollow trunks & old No S41 SPECIES woodland lineola beech stumps. Habitat Present: A3 Parkland/scattered trees (fly) Distribution: N/A with old stumps and fallen England: Gloucestershire & trunks of Fagus sylvatica New Forest. Lowland wood pasture & Royal splinter parkland with large hollow Distribution: beech trees. A3 Parkland/scattered trees No cranefly S41 SPECIES Gnophomyia Distribution: with Fagus sylvatica Habitat Present: elsneri (fly) England: Windsor Forest, N/A Berkshire.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS SITE Seepages where sparse Six-spotted Distribution: cranefly vegetation. No Idiocera S41 SPECIES Distribution: E2 Flush & spring Habitat Present: sexguttata England: New Forest. N/A (fly) Wales: S (Gower coast). Wet, rotting fallen trees & Northern yellow branches in shaded woodland A1 Woodland Distribution: splinter streams. in association with No S41 SPECIES Lipsothrix errans Distribution: G2 Running water Habitat Present: (fly) England: Scattered in N. with dead/decaying wood N/A Wales: Scattered. Wet, rotting wood in seepages in deciduous woodland with A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi- Distribution: Southern yellow continuous shade. natural woodland splinter Yes S41 SPECIES Distribution: in association with Lipsothrix nervosa Habitat Present: England: Scattered in S & G2 Running water (fly) No central. with dead/decaying wood Wales: Scattered in S. Wet, rotting fallen trees & branches in shaded woodland Scarce yellow A1 Woodland Distribution: splinter streams. in association with No Lipsothrix S41 SPECIES Distribution: G2 Running water Habitat Present: nigristigma England: S Lancashire & with dead/decaying wood N/A (fly) Cumbria. Wales: N Welsh borders. Un-modified rivers with River-shore Distribution: cranefly exposed sand shoals. G2 Running water No Rhabdomastix S41 SPECIES Distribution: (un-modified rivers) Habitat Present: japonica England: Scattered in S & NW. N/A (fly) Wales: Scattered in S.

Key: - • EPS – Species is listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 making it a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

• W&CA1 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives full legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-sections (1) and (4)(a-c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures or takes any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection; (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

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• W&CA2 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (1), so far as it relates to taking only, which states: Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally...takes any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

• W&CA3 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(a) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection.

• W&CA4 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

• S41 SPECIES – Species is listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

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APPENDIX D. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF FRESHWATER FISH WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

Note: This table excludes all marine S41 Species. Where it is likely that these species will be encountered, they will be similarly assessed. Species considered extinct were also excluded from consideration.

DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 PRESENT IN STATUS HABITATS THE SITE Coastal waters, estuaries & accessible rivers/streams within generally extensive river systems. Some populations land-locked. Spawning occurs in clear freshwater, G2.3 Oligotrophic in gravels, silt or sand. Juveniles running water (river Distribution: return to the sea when adults. & stream) River lamprey Yes S41 SPECIES Require waters free from pollution G2.6 Brackish Lampetra fluviatilis Habitat Present: or barriers, with suitable flows, running water No hiding places, clean spawning (estuary) gravels & prey fish species. H Coastland Distribution: England: Many accessible rivers in S, E & N. Wales: Mainly S, but scattered in N. Estuaries & easily accessible rivers (mainly restricted to lower reaches). Spawning in warm freshwater, in G2 Running water lean gravels, with marginal silt or (river) Distribution: sand for burrowing. Juveniles return Sea lamprey G2.6 Brackish Yes Petramyzon S41 SPECIES to sea when adults. Require waters running water Habitat Present: marinus free from pollution or barriers (even (estuary) No natural), with suitable flows & temp. H Coastland Distribution: England: S, E & N. Wales: Mainly S, but scattered in N. Marine & brackish waters & lower reaches of large rivers, with soft sandy or muddy substrate. Freshwater used for spawning, G2 Running water EPS upriver in shallow pools with a (large river) Distribution: Common sturgeon W&CA2 gravel base. Now rare in the UK but G2.6 Brackish No Acipenser sturio S41 SPECIES adults are occasionally encountered running water Habitat Present: in coastal and estuarine waters. (estuary) N/A Distribution: H Coastland England: E Cornwall, Cumberland & IOM. Wales: Glamorganshire, Camarthenshire & Pembrokeshire. Shallow coastal waters & estuaries, migrating into rivers to spawn in relatively shallow gravelly areas adjacent to deep clean pools. Juveniles spend 2 years in freshwater G2 Running water before returning to sea. Require (river) Distribution: W&CA2 Allis shad waters free from barriers (even G2.6 Brackish Yes S41 SPECIES Alosa alosa natural), with suitable flows & temp. running water Habitat Present:

Distribution: (estuary) No England: SW, S, SE, E, Midlands H Coastland (Welsh border) & Humber Estuary. Only recently-confimed spawning site in Tamar Estuary, S Devon. Wales: S half.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 PRESENT IN STATUS HABITATS THE SITE Shallow coastal waters & estuaries, migrating into lower reaches of large accessible rivers to spawn. Spawning occurs above the influence of the high tide, usually in water flowing over stones/gravel or in relatively G2 Running water shallow gravelly areas adjacent to (river) Distribution: Twaite shad W&CA3 deep clean pools. Young usually G2.6 Brackish Yes Alosa fallax S41 SPECIES move to the upper estuary to grow. running water Habitat Present: Require waters free from barriers (estuary) No (even natural ones), with suitable H Coastland flows & temp. Distribution: England: SW, S, SE, Midlands (Welsh border) & Humber Estuary. Wales: Mainly S half, scattered in N. Coastal areas, estuaries & accessible rivers during spawning periods. Spawning occurs in gravel beds in G2 Running water the upper reaches of the river. (river) Distribution: Juveniles spend time in freshwater G2.6 Brackish Yes Atlantic salmon S41 SPECIES Salmo salar before returning to sea as adults. running water Habitat Present: Distribution: (estuary) No England: Widespread in SW, S, SE H Coastland & N, scattered elsewhere. Wales: Widespread. Estuaries & all accessible rivers or streams, as well as fishing lakes G1 Standing water where introduced. Spawning occurs (fishing lake where in clean deep gravel in fast flowing introduced) water, usually at the downstream exit Distribution: G2 Running water Brown/sea trout of a pool. Occasionally spawn in Yes S41 SPECIES (river & stream) Salmo trutta shallow areas of lakes especially Habitat Present: G2.6 Brackish where there are gravelly spits. Some No running water adults will return to sea. (estuary) Distribution: H Coastland England: Widespread. Wales: Widespread. Large, deep oligotrophic lakes in glaciated basins & rivers. Sometimes found in streams flowing into ‘charr lakes’. Spawning occur over G1.3 Oligotrophic Distribution: gravel/stones. standing water (lake) No Arctic charr S41 SPECIES Salvelinus alpinus Distribution: G2 Running water Habitat Present: England: Lake District, MW (river) N/A Yorkshire, Westmorland & Cumberland. Wales: Caernarfonshire. Estuaries & mouth of rivers, migrating to lower reaches of the upper river to spawn. Eggs laid in quite fast flowing water. Young G2 Running water often swept down into the upper (river) Distribution: estuary. Return to sea after spawning G2.6 Brackish Yes Smelt S41 SPECIES & often not found far from shore. Osmerus eperlanus running water Habitat Present: Distribution: (estuary) No England: Mainly SE, E, Humber H Coastland Estuary & NW, scattered elsewhere. Wales: Monmouthsire, Glamorganshire, Pembrokeshire & Flintshire. Deep, cool, well oxygenated mesotrophic & oligotrophic lakes in upland areas, with shallow gravel for G1.2 Mesotrophic Distribution: W&CA1 spawning. standing water (lake) No Vendace S41 SPECIES Coregonus albula Distribution: G1.3 Oligotrophic Habitat Present:

England: Derwentwater & standing water (lake) N/A Bassenthwaite Lakes, Lake District, Cumberland.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 PRESENT IN STATUS HABITATS THE SITE Deep, cool, well oxygenated mesotrophic & oligotrophic lakes in upland areas, with shallow gravel for G1.2 Mesotrophic Distribution: Whitefish spawning. W&CA1 standing water (lake) No Coregonus Distribution: S41 SPECIES G1.3 Oligotrophic Habitat Present: lavaretus England: Lake District, standing water (lake) N/A Westmorland & Cumberland. Wales: Llyn Tegid, Snowdonia, Merionethshire. Slow-flowing large rivers, small streams, large & small drainage ditches, also known from small lakes & gravel-pits. Require stones & G1 Standing water patchy cover of submerged (& (lake) Distribution: possibly emergent) macrophytes for G2 Running water Spined loach S41 SPECIES Yes spawning, & sandy/silty substrate for (river, stream & Cobitis taenia Habitat Present: juveniles to bury themselves. UK drainage ditch) No populations are largely genetically I2.1 Quarry (flooded isolated from each other due to gravel-pit) limited means of dispersal. Distribution: England: Midlands, E & NW. Spawning occurs offshore & juveniles migrate from ocean to G1 Standing water freshwater to live under rocks, in (lake & pond) crevices, or in the mud on the bed of G1.6 Brackish estuaries, coastal lagoons, rivers, standing water lakes & ponds. Adults occur in Distribution: (coastal lagoon) European eel freshwater & usually remain for 7-19 Yes S41 SPECIES G2 Running water Anguilla anguilla years, although it can be longer. Eels Habitat Present: (river) have the ability to move on land No G2.6 Brackish through damp vegetation & during running water rainy periods. (estuary) Distribution: H Coastland England: Widespread. Wales: Widespread. Coastal waters; intertidal in high shore rock pools on sheltered shores Distribution: G1.6 Brackish Giant goby & brackish water. No W&CA1 standing water Gobius cobitis Distribution: Habitat Present: H1 Intertidal England: Cornwall, S Devon, E N/A Suffolk & Westmorland. Lower intertidal & inshore waters, under stones or algae on sheltered Distribution: Couch's goby muddy sand. No W&CA1 H1 Intertidal Gobius couchii Distribution: Habitat Present: England: Cornwall, S Devon, Dorset N/A & S Hampshire. Short snouted Shallow muddy waters, estuaries & G2.6 Brackish Distribution: seahorse inshore in seaweed & seagrasses. running water Yes W&CA1 Hippocampus Distribution: (estuary) Habitat Present: hippocampus England: S coast & SE. H1 Intertidal No Shallow coastal waters in algae & Distribution: seagrasses. Spiny seahorse Yes Hippocampus W&CA1 Distribution: H1 Intertidal Habitat Present: guttulatus England: S coast. No Wales: Pembrokeshire.

Key: - • W&CA1 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives full legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-sections (1) and (4)(a-c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures or takes any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— ______

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(a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection; (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

• W&CA2 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

• W&CA3 – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(a) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection.

• EPS – Species is listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 making it a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

• S41 SPECIES – Species is listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

References

Arkive undated a. Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser sturio). Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.arkive.org/atlantic-sturgeon/acipenser-sturio/ Arkive undated b. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.arkive.org/atlantic-salmon/salmo-salar/ JNCC undated a. Vertebrate species: fish – 1099 River lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SAC selection/species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1099

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JNCC undated b. Vertebrate species: fish – 1095 Sea lamprey Lampetra marinus. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/ species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1095 JNCC undated c. Vertebrate species: fish – 1102 Allis shad Alosa alosa. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/species.as p?FeatureIntCode=s1102 JNCC undated d. Vertebrate species: fish – 1103 Twaite shad Alosa fallax. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/species .asp?FeatureIntCode=s1103 JNCC undated e. Vertebrate species: fish – 1149 Spined loach Cobitis taenia. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/ species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1149 JNCC 2014. Smelt Osmerus eperlanus. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5667 Maitland P 2003a. Ecology of the River, Brook and Sea Lamprey. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Ecology Series No. 5. English Nature, Peterborough Maitland P 2003b. The status of smelt Osmerus eperlanus in England. English Nature Research Reports Number 516. English Nature, Peterborough Maitland P & Campbell R 1992. The New Naturalist Freshwater Fishes of the British Isles. Harper Collins Publishers, London Maitland P & Hatton-Ellis T 2003. Ecology of the Allis and Twaite Shad. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Ecology Series No. 3. English Nature, Peterborough Neish A 2007. Hippocampus guttulatus Long snouted seahorse. In: Tyler-Walters H & Hiscock K (eds). Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from:http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1891 Pond Life 2017. Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio). Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.pond-life.me.uk/sturgeon/acipensersturio Riley K 2005. Gobius couchi Couch’s goby. In: Tyler-Walters H & Hiscock K (eds). Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1307 Sabatini M & Ballerstedt S 2007. Hippocampus hippocampus Short snouted seahorse. In: Tyler-Walters H & Hiscock K (eds). Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1788 Scottish Natural Heritage 2013. Arctic charr. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.snh.gov.uk/about-scotlands-nature/species/fish/freshwater-fish/charr/ Scottish Natural Heritage 2015. Vendace and powan: the coregonids. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.snh.gov.uk/about-scotlands-nature/species/fish/ freshwater-fish/vendace-powan/

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Tillin H & Riley K 2017. Gobius cobitis Giant goby. In: Tyler-Walters H & Hiscock K (eds). Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. Accessed online on 5th September 2017 from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1305

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APPENDIX E. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF AMPHIBIANS WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

Great crested newt Triturus cristatus

Legal and conservation status

Great crested newts are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

In addition, the species is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Great crested newts are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Great crested newts use both aquatic and terrestrial habitat; adults breed in ponds during the spring and then emerge onto land, spending the summer resting, foraging and dispersing before hibernating through the winter (Natural England undated). It has been suggested that great crested newts prefer small- to medium-sized breeding ponds, around 50-250 m² (Bullock et al. 1998, Langton et al. 2001). However, a study in the Netherlands (Rannap et ______

- 54 - © AEcol 2018 CEMEX UK OPERATIONS LTD PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL – APPENDICES Lime Kiln Farm ______al. 2009) of 127 breeding ponds recorded a mean size of 419.4 m², and the National Amphibian Survey (NAS) (Swan & Oldham 1993) reported the highest percentages of ponds holding great crested newts were water-bodies of 501-750 m² (within a size range of <26 - >10,000 m²). Favoured terrestrial habitat comprises deciduous woodlands, scrub, mature hedgerows, undisturbed grassland, derelict industrial land, derelict decommissioned extraction areas and the edges of urban areas (Inns 2009, Jehle et al. 2011). For hibernation, newts seek out a location that affords them protection from winter conditions and exploit existing opportunities within the landscape such as log piles or disused mammal burrows, rather than excavating their own sites (Natural England undated).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1.1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved; • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (undisturbed); • G1 – Open water / Standing water; • I2.1 – Rock exposure and waste / Artificial / Quarry (disused areas); • J1.3 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Ephemeral/short perennial; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge (mature); • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge (mature); and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees (mature).

Assessment of The Site location against species distribution

Great crested newts are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

The desk-study identified that there are no waterbodies that might represent potentially suitable breeding habitat within The Site, and 19 waterbodies within a 500 m radius. Of the overall 19 waterbodies, five (Waterbodies 12-16) could reasonably be discounted from further survey as the lie beyond the A1095 which is a busy road that can be predicted to act as a significant barrier. In addition, four (Waterbodies 11, 17-19) were inaccessible as they are on private land for which access permission has not been granted, another waterbody was found to no longer exist; Waterbody 5 which was surveyed in 2016 but did not hold great crested newts. Of the remaining nine waterbodies, five (Waterbodies 6-10) comprise components of an operational silt-lagoon complex within the existing consented Wangford Quarry. All are therefore turbid with suspended fines, pumped through a system of culverts and in continuous circulation through processing plant machinery. In summary, these five waterbodies are considered wholly unsuitable for successful exploitation by breeding amphibians.

The remaining four waterbodies (Waterbodies 1-4) were assessed as to their suitability to

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- 55 - © AEcol 2018 CEMEX UK OPERATIONS LTD PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL – APPENDICES Lime Kiln Farm ______hold breeding great crested newts by the application of the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) (Oldham et al. 2000). The detailed HSI results are presented at Table E1.

The results of the HSI are as follows: - • Waterbody 1 has a Below Average likelihood of holding great crested newts; • Waterbody 2 has a Poor likelihood of holding great crested newts; • Waterbody 3 has an Average likelihood of holding great crested newts. This waterbody was surveyed by Torc Ecology in 2016 but did not hold great crested newts (Torc Ecology 2017); and • Waterbody 4 has a Poor likelihood of holding great crested newts. This waterbody is immediately adjacent to Waterbody 3.

Table E1. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) scores for the Waterbodies within a 500 m radius of The Site.

WATERBODY 1 2 3 4 Location 1 1 1 1 Pond area (M²) 0.25 0.1 1 0.1 Pond permanence 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 Water quality 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 Shade 0.2 1 0.2 0.2 HSI Fowl presence 1 1 1 1 Fish presence 0.67 1 1 1 Ponds within 1 Km 0.67 0.8 0.55 0.55 Terrestrial habitat 1 0.67 0.67 0.67 Macrophyte cover 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 HSI TOTAL 0.54 0.47 0.60 0.39 HSI SCORE BA P A P Key: A=Average; BA = Below average; and P = Poor.

Potentially suitable breeding and terrestrial habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Pool frog Pelophylax lessonae

Legal and conservation status

Pool frogs are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that: ______

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A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal, is guilty of an offence.

In addition, the speceis is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Pool frogs are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

The pool frog became extinct in England in the late 1990’s but was subsequently reintroduced in Norfolk in 2005 (Inns 2009). Whilst it is considered likely that pool frogs were historically present over much of East Anglia all other southern populations of the species are non-native (Inns 2009). The species favours groups of relatively small un-shaded permanent ponds with a rich aquatic flora, in open woodland (Inns 2009) and, although some pool frogs may remain moderately close to breeding ponds throughout the year (Arnold & Burton 1978), the species is the least aquatic of all the British frogs with a typical terrestrial range of several hundred metres from the natal pond (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). Pool frogs often, if not always, hibernate on land but almost nothing is known of the types of refuge they seek (Arnold & Burton 1978, Beebee & Griffiths 2000).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (open); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; and • G1 – Open water / Standing water (unshaded and permanent).

Assessment of The Site location against species distribution

Pool frogs are not known to occur in Suffolk. ______

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Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

N/A

Common toad Bufo bufo

Conservation status

Common toads are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Common toads only enter water for a short period in the spring (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). The spring migration to their breeding ponds takes place on damp evenings in March, in a comparatively brief breeding season lasting from mid-march through to late April. When spawning is complete toads have been known to disperse up to 1.6 km from the breeding site (Sinsch 1988) and typical home ranges vary between a recorded 55 and 1,600 m from the breeding pond (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). Favoured habitats comprise rough grassland, scrub and open woodland, with improved grassland (including grazed pasture), arable fields, heathland and moorlands avoided (Op. cit). Optimum pond size is approximately 1,000 m² with abundant macrophyte and emergent vegetation. As toad tadpoles are unpalatable to fish their presence does not inhibit use, and it has even been suggested (Beebee & Griffiths 2000) that toads appear to show a preference for fish ponds for breeding sites. Hibernation takes place on land, often in old rodent burrows (Inns 2009).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (open); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (rough, but avoids B4 – Improved grassland including grazed pasture); • G1 – Open water / Standing water; • I2.1 – Rock exposure and waste / Artificial / Quarry (disused areas); • J1.3 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Ephemeral/short perennial; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Common toads are known to occur in Suffolk.

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Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable breeding and terrestrial habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Natterjack toad Bufo calamita

Legal and conservation status

Natterjack toads are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

In addition, the species is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Natterjack toads are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

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Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Natterjack toads have a restricted distribution, and are confined to a few sandy sites with a bias toward coastal dunes and lowland heath (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). Inns (2009) cites habitat as comprising either sandy dunes (breeding in shallow dune slacks) or heathland (breeding in sandy-bottomed pools and lake margins). Key habitat components are ephemeral ponds in combination with unshaded bare ground or close-cropped swards. The species’ call is so loud and distinctive, and it has such a restricted distribution, that all the sites in which it occurs are known.

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • D – Heathland (lowland); • G1 – Open water / Standing water (sandy-bottomed pools and lake margins); and • H6 – Coastland / Sand dune.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Natterjack toads are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

No potentially suitable breeding or terrestrial habitats exist within The Site.

References

Great crested newt

Bullock D, Oldham R & Corbett K 1998. In: Gent T & Gibson S (eds.) 1998. Herpetofauna Workers Manual. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire Jehle R, Thiesmeier B & Foster J 2011. The Crested Newt. Laurenti Verlag, Bielefeld, Germany Langton T, Beckett C & Foster J 2001. Great Crested Newt Conservation Handbook. Froglife, Suffolk Oldham R, Keeble J, Swan M & Jeffcote M 2000. Evaluating the Suitability of Habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus). Herpetological Journal 10: 143-155 Rannap R, Lõhmus A & Briggs L 2009. Restoring Ponds for Amphibians: A Success Story. Hydrobiologica 634: 87-95 Swan M & Oldham R 1993. National amphibian survey. English Nature Research Report No. 38. Natural England, Peterborough Torc Ecology 2017. Ecological Impact Assessment of an Extension to Sand and Gravel Workings at Wangford, Suffolk. Torc Ecology, Fakenham

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Pool frog

Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire

Common toad

Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire Sinsch U 1988. Seasonal changes in the migratory behaviour of the toad Bufo bufo: direction and magnitude of movements. Oecologia 76: 390-398

Natterjack toad

Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London. Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire.

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APPENDIX F. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF REPTILES WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

Slow-worm Anguis fragilis

Legal and conservation status

Slow-worms are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (1), so far as it relates to killing and injuring only, which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures...any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Slow-worms are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Slow-worms favour an extensive ground-cover of thick vegetation with open sunny areas for basking (Arnold & Burton 1978, Beebee & Griffiths 2000, Inns 2009). Suitable habitat may include pasture, hedge-banks, scrub-land, woodland glades, heathland and even railway embankments (Arnold & Burton 1978). As slow-worms rarely bask in the open, preferring to remain semi-concealed in dense vegetation, dappled shade or under surface refuges, favoured sites often hold an abundance of logs, large flat stones, and building refuse including tiles, carpet tiles, or corrugated steel (Arnold & Burton 1978, Beebee & Griffiths 2000). Slow- worms show a predilection for white-netted slugs Deroceras reticulatum (an agricultural pest) and earth-worms Lumbricus terrestris (Luiselli 1992, English Nature 1998, Barker 2004), and this slow-moving invertebrate diet means that they are themselves sedentary, moving on average less than four metres per day, with home ranges averaging approximately 200 m² (Smith 1990). Hibernation sites are normally underground, often in disused mammal burrows (Inns 2009).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (glades and edges); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (including pasture); • D – Heathland; • I2.1 – Rock exposure and waste / Artificial / Quarry (disused areas); • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Arable (small-scale such as allotments etc.); ______

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• J1.3 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Ephemeral/short perennial; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees; and • J2.8 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Earth bank.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Slow-worms are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • B4 – Grassland and marsh / Improved grassland; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Common lizard Zootoca vivipara

Legal and conservation status

Common lizards are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (1), so far as it relates to killing and injuring only, which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures...any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Common lizards are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Common lizards require undisturbed ground that is topographically diverse and free from pesticide applications (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). The species favours a moderately humid environment and is typically found in open woods, hedge-banks, heaths, bogs, grassland, and railway embankments (Arnold & Burton 1978) and will bask in full sunshine, with logs and woodpiles favoured as basking sites (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). Males also show territorial ______

- 63 - © AEcol 2018 CEMEX UK OPERATIONS LTD PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL – APPENDICES Lime Kiln Farm ______behaviour around discarded car tyres (AEcol, own data). Active hunters, the adults take a variety of invertebrates including centipedes, spiders and small snails, whilst young rely upon aphids and smaller prey. Arable fields, heavily grazed pastures and dense woodland will therefore not hold lizard populations (Beebee & Griffiths 2000).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (open not dense); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (not heavily grazed or B4 – Improved grassland); • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland; • D – Heathland; • E1 – Mire / Bog; • I2.1 – Rock exposure and waste / Artificial / Quarry (disused areas); • J1.3 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Ephemeral/short perennial; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees; and • J2.8 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Earth bank.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Common lizards are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Sand lizard Lacerta agilis

Legal and conservation status

Sand lizards are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

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A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

In addition, the species is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly:- (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Sand lizards are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Sand lizards lay their eggs in holes dug by the females in bare sand and also hibernate in sandy burrows (Inns 2009). Favoured burrows are often shared and may be reoccupied for months and, in some cases, years (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). The species is therefore only found on sandy heaths and coastal sand-dunes (Arnold & Burton 1978, Inns 2009) where at least 1-5% of the total ground area is open sand (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). In heathland it tends to live in dense old heather into which it clambers and may be very conspicuous (Arnold & Burton 1978). The species has a strong affinity with south-facing slopes, ridges and gullies in an overall varied topography but is restricted to only a handful of sites within a very small geographical range. Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • D – Heathland (with exposed sand); and • H6 – Coastland / Sand dune.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Sand lizards are not known to occur in Suffolk.

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Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

N/A.

Grass snake Natrix natrix

Legal and conservation status

Grass snakes are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (1), so far as it relates to killing and injuring only, which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures...any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Grass snakes are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Grass snakes actively hunt and may move up to 120 m in a single day in search of prey (Appleby 1971, Beebee & Griffiths 2000). As frogs, toads, newts and fish are their primary prey (Appleby 1971, Arnold & Burton 1978), grass snakes typically favour damp places near water, and ponds, lakes, marshes, streams or ditches are all frequented (Appleby 1971, Beebee & Griffiths 2000). The habitat in the surrounding area must also hold good ground cover with an abundance of hiding places (Beebee & Griffiths 2000) as well as south-facing basking sites. In addition, for a population to persist, suitable egg-laying sites must be present. As moisture is essential to the development of the eggs after they have been laid, a site that is permanently damp but will not become waterlogged is essential (Appleby 1971). Manure heaps and piles of decaying vegetable matter are favoured, but loose soil, individual large logs or piles of rotting logs, and even disused mammal burrows may also be used (Appleby 1971). Hibernation sites include deep leaf litter, mammal burrows, overgrown rock piles and cracks or crevices beneath the buttress roots of large trees, with south-facing sites favoured overall (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). Whilst grass snakes are occasionally recorded on hedge- banks and in heathland, individuals found in such arid habitats are often animals that are ‘passing through’ rather than residents (Reading 1996).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (open); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (not B4 – Improved grassland); • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland; ______

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• D – Heathland; • E1 – Mire / Bog; • G1 – Open water / Standing water (ponds and lakes); • G2 – Open water / Running water (streams, rivers and ditches); • I2.1 – Rock exposure and waste / Artificial / Quarry (disused areas); • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Arable (manure and compost heaps); • J1.3 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Ephemeral/short perennial; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees; • J2.8 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Earth bank.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Grass snakes are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Adder Vipera berus

Legal and conservation status

Adders are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (1), so far as it relates to killing and injuring only, which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures...any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Adders are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

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Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Adders favour low-lying river meadows for summer feeding but may also be found in a variety of other undisturbed habitat including moors, heaths and dunes, bogs, open-woods and on field-edges. Adders are active hunters, moving distances of 50-200 m per day in search of prey, principally comprising voles, mice and shrews (Arnold & Burton 1978, Beebee & Griffiths 2000) but also lizards (Appleby 1971, Arnold & Burton 1978). Adders mate soon after emergence from communal hibernacula in the late March through April period, and whilst the population will then disperse, the females return to the hibernacula from late August onward, to give birth (Beebee & Griffiths 2000). As such, the presence of suitable hibernacula, typically a disused mammal burrow within an earth bank or tumuli located in an area of dry thickly vegetated high ground (Beebee & Griffiths 2000) is essential to the maintenance of the population.

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (open); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (not B4 – Improved grassland); • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland (in association with G2 – Running water; river meadows); • D – Heathland; • E1 – Mire / Bog; • H6 – Coastland / Sand dune; • J1.3 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Ephemeral/short perennial; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees; and • J2.8 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Earth bank.

Assessment of The Site location against species distribution

Adders are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees. ______

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Smooth snake Coronella austriaca

Legal and conservation status

Smooth snakes are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

In addition, the species is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly:- (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Smooth snakes are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

In Britain smooth snakes have only been recorded in heathland and immediately adjacent habitats such as woodland edge and grassland embankments (Arnold & Burton 1978, Inns 2009). A secretive species, the smooth snake spends much of its life underground in loose sand or abandoned mammal burrows (Beebee & Griffiths 2000) or in stands of mature heather (Inns 2009). This cryptic habit also extends to artificial refuges such as discarded corrugated steel. Where such refuges remain undisturbed in areas that are open to the sun they are readily adopted into the snakes basking regime. Rather than basking on top of the refuge, the snakes hide beneath, varying their position in proximity to the heated substrate above in response to the prevailing conditions. Smooth snakes follow a distinctly diurnal pattern of activity, hunting and basking in the early morning and late afternoon but seeking refuge underground ______

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Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (edge in association with heathland); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub (in association with heathland); • B1 – Grassland and marsh / Acid grassland (embankments in association with heathland); • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland (in association with heathland); and • D – Heathland.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Smooth snakes are not known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against site Phase 1 survey

N/A.

References

Slow-worm

Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London Barker G 2004. Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs. C.A.B.I. Publishing, Oxfordshire Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London English Nature 1998. Species Conservation Handbook: Translocation of Slow-worms. HERPS 3.2: Updated June 1998. English Nature, Peterborough Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire Luiselli L 1992. The diet of the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) Linnaeus 1758, in the Tarvisio Forest (Carnic Alps, NE Italy) (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae). Herpetozoa B5: 91-94 Smith N 1990. The ecology of the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis L.) in Southern England. MPhil thesis, University of Southampton. Cited in: Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London

Common lizard

Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London ______

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Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London

Sand lizard

Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire

Grass snake

Appleby L 1971. British Snakes. John Baker Ltd. Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London Reading C 1996. Evaluation of Reptile Survey Methodologies: final report. English Nature Research Reports: Nº 200. Natural England

Adder

Appleby L 1971. British Snakes. John Baker Ltd. Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London

Smooth snake

Appleby L 1971. British Snakes. John Baker Ltd. Arnold E & Burton J 1978. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. Collins, London Beebee T & Griffiths R 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles. Collins New Naturalist Series, Harper Collins, London Inns H 2009. Britain’s Reptiles and Amphibians. WildGuides, Hampshire

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APPENDIX G. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF SCHEDULE 1 AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF BIRDS WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Wintering: Winter migrant: G1 Standing water Mid-October to end-March. (lakes/reservoirs) Lowland lakes, reservoirs & rivers Bewick’s swan G2 Running water Distribution: Schedule 11 with low-lying wet pasture, flooded Cygnus (rivers) Yes (wintering) S41 SPECIES grassland, arable & saltmarsh. columbianus in association with Habitat Present: Amber List3 Distribution: bewickii B5 Marsh/marshy No subsp. England: Mainly S half, scattered grassland in N. H2 Saltmarsh Wales: Scattered. J1.1 Arable Winter migrant: Breeding & Mid-October to mid-April. wintering: Has been recorded breeding in G1 Standing water England. (lakes) Distribution: Whooper swan Schedule 11 Lowland arable near coast, flooded in association with Yes (wintering) Cygnus cygnus Amber List3 fields, lakes & sheltered inlets. B5 Marsh/marshy Habitat Present: Distribution: grassland No Wintering – England & Wales: H Coastland Mainly N & E, scattered in S half. in association with Breeding – England: SE & E. J1.1 Arable Winter migrant: Wintering: October to April. Distribution: White-fronted B5 Marsh/marshy S41 SPECIES Large lowland pastures & grassland Yes (wintering) grassland goose Red List2 with winter crops as well as bogs. Habitat Present: Anser albifrons E1 Bog Distribution: Yes (wintering) J1.1 Arable England & Wales: Scattered. Winter migrant: October to April. Wintering: Distribution: Dark-bellied S41 SPECIES Coastal mudflats & estuaries. G2.6 Brackish running Yes (wintering) brent goose 3 Branta bernicla Amber List Distribution: water Habitat Present: England & Wales: Mainly S, E & H1.1 Intertidal mud No W coasts. Summer & passage migrant: March to October. Has been recorded wintering. Breeding, wintering Narrow, sheltered & shallow & non-breeding standing freshwater, merging into passage: Distribution: Garganey grassland or wetland. Schedule 11 B5 Marsh/marshy Yes (breeding) Anas Distribution: Amber List3 grassland Habitat Present: querquedula Breeding & non-breeding F Swamp, marginal & No passage – England & Wales: inundation Scattered. G1 Standing water Wintering – England: Scattered in mainly S half. Wales: scarce, in N & S. Winter & passage migrant: Wintering & non- Late October to March. Distribution: Schedule 11 breeding passage: Coastal habitats - freshwaters on Yes (wintering) Scaup S41 SPECIES G1 Standing water Aythya marila coast. Habitat Present: Red List2 in association with Distribution: No H Coastland England & Wales: Scattered. Winter migrant: October to March. Distribution: Long-tailed duck Schedule 11 Off-shore in deep waters. Wintering: Yes (wintering) Clangula 2 hyemalis Red List Distribution: H Coastland Habitat Present: England & Wales: Mainly N & E No coasts.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Winter & passage migrant: October to March. Wintering & non- Distribution: Schedule 11 Mostly marine but also inshore breeding passage: Yes (wintering) Common scoter S41 SPECIES lochs. G1 Standing water Melanitta nigra Habitat Present: Red List2 Distribution: in association with No England & Wales: Coasts & H Coastland scattered in S half of England. Winter migrant: Wintering: October to March. Distribution: G1.6 Brackish Schedule 11 Mostly marine, occasionally mussel Yes (wintering) Velvet scoter standing water Melanitta fusca Red List2 beds in estuaries. Habitat Present: G2.6 Brackish running Distribution: No water England & Wales: Coasts. Resident. Breeding & Red grouse Extensive heather moorland, heaths wintering: Distribution: Lagopus S41 SPECIES & raised/blanket bogs. B Grassland No lagopus subsp. Amber List3 Distribution: D Heathland Habitat Present: scotica England: Mainly N & Exmoor. (heather moor) N/A Wales: Mainly N, scattered in S. E1 Bog Breeding & wintering: Resident. A1.2.1 Semi-natural Edges of upland moor, young Distribution: coniferous woodland Black grouse S41 SPECIES forestry plantations & ancient pine No (ancient) Tetrao tetrix Red List2 forests. Habitat Present: A1.2.2 Coniferous Distribution: N/A plantation woodland England & Wales: N. (young) D Heathland Resident. Distribution: Yes Lowland open grassland, farmland, Breeding & (breeding & thick hedges & field margins. Low wintering: S41 SPECIES wintering) Grey partridge grass with dense cover & dry areas. B Grassland Perdix perdix Red List2 Habitat Present: Avoids areas close to woodland. J1.1 Arable Yes (breeding & Distribution: J2 Hedgerows wintering) England & Wales: Widespread. Summer migrant: April to late summer. Distribution: Quail Open country - grassland & cereal Breeding: Schedule 11 Yes (breeding) Coturnix fields. Avoids areas close to B Grassland (open) Amber List3 Habitat Present: coturnix woodland. J1.1 Arable Yes (breeding) Distribution: England & Wales: Scattered. Winter & passage migrant: September to March/April. Distribution: Red-throated Along the coast, especially in Wintering & non- Yes (wintering/ non- diver Schedule 11 shallow, sandy bays and rarely seen breeding passage: breeding passage) Gavia stellata on inland waters. H1 Intertidal Habitat Present: Distribution: No England & Wales: Coasts. Wintering & non- Winter & passage migrant: breeding passage: Late autumn to March. Distribution: G1 Standing water Black-throated Sheltered coastal waters, natural Yes (wintering/ non- Schedule 11 (lakes/lagoons) lakes, large rivers, lagoons & breeding passage) diver Amber List3 G2 Running water Gavia arctica barrages. Habitat Present: (large rivers) Distribution: No in association with England & Wales: Coasts. H Coastland Wintering & non- Winter & passage migrant: breeding passage: August to April/May. Distribution: Great northern H Coastland Schedule 11 Coastal waters and occasionally Yes (wintering) diver and occasionally Amber List3 large inland lakes and reservoirs. Habitat Present: Gavia immer G1 Standing water Distribution: No (large inland England & Wales: Coasts. lakes/reservoirs) Winter migrant: Balearic July to October. Distribution: shearwater S41 SPECIES Coasts & offshore islands. Wintering: Yes (wintering) Puffinus Red List2 Distribution: H Coastland Habitat Present: mauretanicus England: S & E coasts. No Wales: SW.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Winter & passage migrant: Distribution: Leach’s petrel September to November. Wintering & non- Schedule 11 Yes (wintering) Oceanodroma Coastal headlands. breeding passage: Amber List3 Habitat Present: leucorhoa Distribution: H Coastland No England & Wales: Coasts.

Breeding & Resident & winter migrant: wintering: October to March. B5 Marsh/marshy Freshwater swamps & margins grassland Schedule 11 including reedbeds, gravel- G1 Standing water Distribution: Yes Bittern S41 SPECIES workings & riverside marshes. Botaurus G2 Running water (breeding/wintering) Local BAP Distribution: stellaris F1 Swamp Habitat Present:No Amber List3 Breeding – England & Wales: F2 Marginal Scattered & local. vegetation Wintering – England & Wales: I2.1 Quarry Scattered. (gravel-workings)

Rare summer migrant (has been Breeding: known to breed in UK): F1 Swamp April to June (sometimes October). F2 Marginal Distribution: Little bittern Freshwater swamps, reedbed, vegetation No Ixobrychus Schedule 11 fringes of lakes or pools. G1 Standing water Habitat Present: minutus Distribution: (lakes/pools) N/A England & Wales: Very rare. Only with Alnus glutinosa, recorded breeding in Yorkshire Salix sp. & other (1984) & Somerset (2010-2013). deciduous trees

Breeding & non- Rare passage migrant (has been breeding passage: known to breed in UK): B Grassland April/May to late summer. B5 Marsh/marshy Marsh, reedbed & wetland. On Distribution: Yes grassland passage often on open riverbanks, (non-breeding Purple heron F1 Swamp Schedule 11 seashore, sand-spits & short passage) Ardea purpurea F2 Marginal grassland. Habitat Present: vegetation Distribution: No in association with England & Wales: Scattered. G1 Standing water Recorded as breeding in G2 Running water Dungeness, Kent only (2010). H Coastland

Winter migrant: October to March. Wintering, non- Rare passage migrant (has been breeding passage & known to breed in UK): breeding: March to October. Distribution: B5 Marsh/marshy Spoonbill Coastal marshes, estuaries & Yes Schedule 11 grassland Platalea lagoons. (breeding/wintering) Amber List3 G1.6 Brackish leucorodia Distribution: Habitat Present: standing water Wintering – England & Wales: No G2.6 Brackish running Mainly coastal. water Breeding – England: E Anglia. H Coastland Non-breeding passage – England & Wales: Scattered.

Breeding, wintering Resident. & non-breeding Winter & passage migrant: passage: October to March. F1 Swamp Lochs, marshes, lakes, streams & Distribution: F2 Marginal Schedule 11 coastal areas. Yes (wintering) Slavonian grebe vegetation Podiceps auritus Red List2 Distribution: Habitat Present: G1 Standing water Breeding – England: E Midlands. No (lakes/lochs) Wintering & non-breeding G2 Running water passage – England & Wales: (streams) Coasts. H Coastland

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Summer migrant: Breeding: March to October. G1 Standing water Winter & passage migrant: (shallow inland lakes) October to March. in association with Breeding: sheltered, shallow F2 Marginal inland lakes fringed with water- vegetation Black-necked plants. Distribution: Wintering & non- grebe Schedule 11 Wintering: sheltered coastal Yes (wintering) breeding passage: Podiceps Amber List3 waters, large open reservoirs, Habitat Present: G1 Standing water nigricollis flooded gravel-pits & estuaries. No (open reservoirs) Distribution: G2 Running water Breeding & non-breeding (estuaries) passage – England: Mainly central H Coastland & E. I2.1 Quarry Wintering – England & Wales: (flooded gravel pit) mainly S half. Breeding & Resident. wintering: Small to medium deciduous A1.1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: Yes Red kite woodlands in arable farmland. semi-natural woodland (breeding/wintering) Schedule 11 Milvus milvus Distribution: in association with Habitat Present: England & Wales: Scattered but B Grassland No local. &/or J1.1 Arable Winter & passage migrant: October to March. Wintering & non- White-tailed Sea coasts, lake shores, broad breeding passage: Distribution: eagle Schedule 11 rivers, islands & wetlands. F1 Swamp No Haliaetus Red List2 Distribution: G1 Standing water Habitat Present: albicilla Wintering – England: S. G2 Running water N/A Non-breeding passage – England: H Coastland E coast. Breeding & Resident. wintering: Summer migrant: B Grassland April to October. Migrants B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: Yes occasionally overwinter in UK. grassland (breeding & Marsh harrier Margins of lakes & rivers, F1 Swamp Schedule 11 wintering) Circus wetlands, reedbeds, arable F2 Marginal Amber List3 Habitat Present: aeruginosus farmland, marshes & wet pasture. vegetation Yes (breeding & Distribution: G1 Standing water wintering) Breeding – England: Mainly E. (lakes) Wintering – England: Mainly S & G2 Running water E. (rivers) J1.1 Arable Resident. Breeding: Winter migrant: A1.2.2 Coniferous October to March. plantation woodland Breeding: young conifer (young) plantations, upland heather moors. D Heathland (upland) Distribution: Schedule 11 Wintering: arable farmland, rough Wintering: Yes (wintering) Hen harrier S41 SPECIES Circus cyaneus pastures, heathland, coastal sand B Grassland Habitat Present: Red List2 dunes & marshy areas. B5 Marsh/marshy Yes (wintering) Distribution: grassland Breeding – England & Wales: D Heathland Mainly N. J1.1 Arable Wintering – England: Widespread. H Coastland Breeding & non- breeding passage: Summer & passage migrant: A2.2 Coniferous Distribution: May to August. plantation woodland Yes (non-breeding Montagu’s Fens, wet heath, dunes, arable (young) Schedule 11 passage) harrier farmland & young conifer B5 Marsh/marshy Amber List3 Habitat Present: Circus pygargus plantation. grassland Yes (non-breeding Distribution: D2 Wet heathland passage) England: S & E. E3 Fen H2 Sand dune J1.1 Arable

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Breeding & non- Summer migrant: breeding passage: Mid-May to mid-August. A1.1 Broadleaved Passage migrant. woodland (lowland) Distribution: Lowland deciduous or mixed A1.2.2 Coniferous Yes (non-breeding Schedule 11 Honey buzzard woodlands & upland conifer plantation woodland passage) Pernis apivorus Amber List3 plantation with ample clearings (upland) Habitat Present: glades & rides on light soils. A1.3 Mixed woodland No Distribution: (lowland) England & Wales: Scattered. with clearings, glades & rides Resident. Breeding & Large mature woods & forests wintering: (both coniferous & deciduous). Distribution: Yes A1 Woodland Hunts in open countryside. Favours (breeding & (all types but large and Goshawk areas where woodland is wintering) Schedule 11 mature) Accipiter gentilis interspersed with fields, hedgerows Habitat Present: in association with & even wetlands. Yes (breeding & B Grassland Distribution: wintering) J1.1 Arable England & Wales: Mainly N, J2 Hedgerows scattered in S & E England. Wintering & non- breeding passage: Winter & passage migrant: A1.2 Coniferous forest October to March. (open) Distribution: Nests in mountainous upland areas, C2 Upland species- Golden eagle No Aquila Schedule 11 moorland, open coniferous forest & rich ledges Habitat Present: chrysaetos on sea-cliffs. D4 Montane N/A Distribution: heath/dwarf herb England & Wales: scarce. H8.1 Maritime hard cliff & slope I1.1 Inland cliff Breeding & non- Summer migrant: breeding passage: March to mid-August. A3 Scattered trees Passage migrant. (mature) Inland lakes, large rivers coastal in association with Distribution: lagoons, flooded gravel-pits & Osprey G1 Standing water Yes (non-breeding Schedule 11 estuaries. Require mature trees for Pandion (inland lakes/coastal passage) Amber List3 nesting. haliaetus lagoons) Habitat Present: Distribution: G2 Running water No Breeding – England: N & Rutland (large rivers/estuaries) Water, Leicestershire. Wales: N. H Coastland Non-breeding passage – England I2.1 Quarry & Wales: Scattered. (flooded gravel-pit) Resident. Winter migrant: Breeding: October to April. A1.2.2 Coniferous Breeding: uplands or heather- plantation woodland dominated moorland, also mature (mature) conifer plantations. B1 Acid grassland Distribution: Merlin Wintering: open low-lying country Schedule 11 D Heathland (upland) Yes (wintering) Falco including farmland & coastal areas, Red List2 Wintering: Habitat Present: columbarius also reedbeds, bogs & lowland D Heathland (lowland) Yes (wintering) heaths. E1 Bog Distribution: F1 Swamp Breeding – England & Wales: H Coastland Mainly N. J1.1 Arable Wintering – England & Wales: Widespread. Summer migrant: Breeding: April to October. A1 Woodland (edge) Distribution: Hobby Mature trees or woodland edges on A3 Scattered trees Yes (breeding) Schedule 11 Falco subbuteo heathland. (mature) Habitat Present: Distribution: in association with No England & Wales: Mainly S half. D Heathland Rare vagrant: September to May. Distribution: Sea coasts. Non-breeding Gyr falcon Yes (non-breeding Schedule 11 Distribution: passage: Falco rusticolus passage) England & Wales: Scattered H Coastland Habitat Present: No records. ______

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Breeding: C2 Upland species- Resident. rich ledges Breeding: crags or other rock-faces D Heathland in uplands, sea-cliffs, quarries & H8.1 Maritime hard buildings in towns. cliffs Distribution: Yes Peregrine Wintering: marshes. I1.1 Inland cliff (breeding/wintering) Schedule 11 Falco peregrinus Distribution: I1.2 Scree Habitat Present: Breeding – England & Wales: I2.1 Quarry No Scattered. (hardstone) Wintering – England & Wales: J3.6 Buildings Widespread. Wintering: B5 Marsh/marshy grassland Summer migrant: Mid-April to September. Breeding: Distribution: Large freshwater marshes & Spotted crake Schedule 11 B5 Marsh/marshy Yes (breeding) wetlands. Porzana porzana Amber List3 grassland Habitat Present: Distribution: F1 Swamp No England & Wales: Scattered but rare. Summer migrant: Breeding: Mid-April to August. B Grassland Distribution: Schedule 11 Thick & low vegetation in B5 Marsh/marshy No Corncrake S41 SPECIES meadows, rough pasture & fens Crex crex grassland Habitat Present: Red List2 (but avoids wet places). C3.1 Tall ruderal N/A Distribution: E3 Fen England: E & NE.

Rare passage migrant (has been known to breed in UK): March/April to August. Breeding & non- Shallow freshwater lake edges or breeding passage: reedy pools, marshes, swamps, B5 Marsh/marshy riverbeds, flooded fields, brackish Black-winged grassland Distribution: wetlands or pools, estuaries with stilt F1 Swamp No Schedule 11 extensive areas of mudflats, coastal Himantopus G1 Standing water Habitat Present: lagoons & marshes & salt himantopus (freshwater/brackish) N/A meadows/pans. G2 Running water Distribution: (rivers/estuaries) Breeding – England: Cheshire & H Coastland Cornwall. Non-breeding passage – England & Wales: Scarce. Resident. Winter migrant: Breeding: September/October to March. G1.6 Brackish Breeding: shallow brackish coastal standing water (coastal lagoons & mudflats. Avocet lagoons) Distribution: Yes Schedule 11 Wintering: estuaries with fine silt Recurvirostra in association with (breeding/wintering) Amber List3 substrate. avosetta H Coastland Habitat Present: No Distribution: Wintering: Breeding – England: Mainly E G2.6 Brackish running coast. water (estuaries) Wintering– England: Mainly E & SW coast. Wales: SW coast. Summer migrant: March to August/September. Dry open sites with bare stony ground such as on very short semi- Breeding: Distribution: Schedule 11 improved grassland, grazing B2 Neutral grassland Stone-curlew Yes (breeding) Burhinus S41 SPECIES pasture or arable with spring-sown B3 Calcareous Habitat Present: oedicnemus Amber List3 crops. Avoids areas close to grassland Yes(breeding) woodland. J1.1 Arable Distribution: England: E Anglian Breckland & around Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE

Summer migrant: March to June/July. Breeding: Shallow, standing & slow-flowing G1 Standing water Little ringed- freshwater shingle rivers & man- Distribution: G2 Running water plover made habitats close to freshwater Yes (breeding) Schedule 11 (shingle rivers) Charadrius especially sand & gravel quarries & Habitat Present: in association with dubius reservoirs. No I2.1 Quarry Distribution: (sand/gravel) England: Scattered in S half, rare in N. Wales: Scattered.

Rare passage migrant: Non-breeding April/May &/or August/September. passage: Coastal sites - shingle & sandy G1 Standing water Distribution: beaches with muddy pools, lakes, (muddy Kentish plover No Charadrius Schedule 11 lagoons & seasonal watercourses pools/lakes/lagoons) Habitat Present: alexandrinus with minimal marginal vegetation. G2 Running water N/A Distribution: (seasonal) England & Wales: Mainly S & E in association with coasts. H Coastland

Summer migrant: Breeding: Mid-April/May to July/August. C2 Upland species- Rare passage migrant: rich ledges August & September. D4 Montane Breeding: open, wide plateaux on heath/dwarf herb Distribution: largely barren (sparsely vegetated) I1 Natural rock Yes (non-breeding Dotterel heathy uplands or mountain Schedule 11 exposures passage) Charadrius ridges/tops. Red List2 with Calluna & Erica Habitat Present: morinellus Non-breeding passage: low-lying sp. & Racomitrium Yes (non-breeding arable farmland, hills & areas with lanuginosum passage) short grass. Non-breeding Distribution: passage: Breeding – England: NW. B Grassland Non-breeding passage – England J1.1 Arable & Wales: Scattered.

Breeding & Distribution: Yes wintering: Resident. (breeding & B Grassland S41 SPECIES Cultivated farmland, pasture, wet wintering) Lapwing B5 Marsh/marshy Vanellus Local BAP grassland, fen, bog & marsh. Habitat Present: grassland vanellus Red List2 Distribution: Yes (breeding & E1 Bog England & Wales: Widespread. wintering) E3 Fen

J1.1 Arable

Rare passage migrant: Non-breeding May to mid-June & end-July to passage: October. G1 Standing water Distribution: Edges (muddy) of freshwater lakes, Temminck’s stint (freshwater/brackish Yes (non-breeding Schedule 11 pools & marshes, also creeks, Calidris lakes/pools) passage) Red List2 brackish lagoons & estuaries on temminckii G2 Running water Habitat Present: coast. (creeks/estuaries) No Distribution: in association with England & Wales: Scattered but H Coastland local.

Winter & passage migrant: October to April/May. Distribution: Exposed, shallow rocky shores, Wintering & non- Purple sandpiper Schedule 11 Yes (wintering) wave-cut platforms & stony breeding passage: Calidris maritima Amber List3 Habitat Present: beaches or mussel-beds. H1 Intertidal No Distribution: England & Wales: Coasts.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE

Resident. Winter & passage migrant: August/September to March. Breeding: Breeding: lowland wet meadows B5 Marsh/marshy grazed in summer & flooded in grassland winter. Wintering & non- Wintering & non-breeding breeding passage: Distribution: passage: inland & coastal sites - Schedule 11 B5 Marsh/marshy Yes (wintering) Ruff freshwater marshes & wet Calidris pugnax Red List2 grassland Habitat Present: grassland near to estuaries, muddy G1 Standing water No fringes of pools or lakes & brackish (freshwater/brackish coastal lagoons. pools/lakes/lagoons) Distribution: G2.6 Brackish running Breeding – England: E Anglian water (estuaries) fenland & NW. Wintering – England & Wales: Scattered but local.

Resident (in SE coast England). Summer migrant: Breeding: March to July. B5 Marsh/marshy Winter & passage migrant: grassland September to March. E1 Bog Breeding: marshes, bogs & damp in association with Distribution: Schedule 11 meadows near lakes. Black-tailed G1 Standing water Yes (wintering) godwit S41 SPECIES Wintering & non-breeding Wintering & non- Habitat Present: Limosa limosa Red List2 passage: muddy estuaries on coast. breeding passage: No Distribution: G2.6 Brackish running Breeding – England: E Anglia, water (estuaries) Kent & N & SW. in association with Wintering & non-breeding H Coastland passage – England & Wales: Scattered.

Passage migrant: Mid-April to May & July to September. Non-breeding Winter migrant: passage & wintering: Distribution: Whimbrel October to March. G1 Standing water Schedule 11 Yes (wintering) Numenius Coastal habitats - estuaries, coastal (reservoirs) Red List2 Habitat Present: phaeopus grasslands & saltmarshes. Also G2.6 Brackish running No inland reservoirs. water (estuaries) Distribution: H Coastland England & Wales: Scattered along coasts.

Resident (in E England). Breeding: Summer migrant: B Grassland April to July. B5 Marsh/marshy Winter migrant: grassland July to March/April. D Heathland Breeding: upland boggy, grassy & E1 Bog Distribution: Yes heather moor, hill pasture, hay H3 Saltmarsh (breeding & S41 SPECIES Curlew meadows & coastal marshes. Also J1.1 Arable (lowland) wintering) Numenius Local BAP lowland agricultural land. Wintering & non- Habitat Present: arquata Red List2 Wintering: coastal sites, especially breeding passage: Yes (breeding) estuaries & wet meadows. B5 Marsh/marshy No (wintering) Distribution: grassland Breeding – England: Mainly N. G2.6 Brackish running Wales: Scattered. water Wintering – England & Wales: in association with Scattered, mostly coastal. H Coastland

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Wintering & non- Winter migrant: breeding passage: June/July to March. B5 Marsh/marshy Passage migrant: grassland March to June. G1 Standing water Marshes, muddy fringes of lakes, Distribution: (lake/reservoir) Green sandpiper Schedule 11 reservoirs, flood waters, rivers, Yes (wintering) G2 Running water Tringa ochropus Amber List3 gravel pits, ditches on lowland Habitat Present: (river/ditch/estuaries) farmland. Also coastal estuaries & No I2.1 Quarry (gravel marshes. pit) Distribution: J1.1 Arable (in England & Wales: Scattered in association with mainly S half. ditches) Passage migrant: Non-breeding Distribution: Late-April to September. passage: Yes (non-breeding Lake edges (muddy), reservoirs, B5 Marsh/marshy Wood sandpiper Schedule 11 passage) flooded grasslands & brackish grassland Tringa glareola Amber List3 Habitat Present: pools. G1 Standing water No Distribution: (lake/reservoir/

England & Wales: Scattered. brackish pool) Winter migrant: Wintering & non- October to March. breeding passage: Passage migrant: B5 Marsh/marshy April/May & July to September. grassland Muddy margins of lakes, rivers, Distribution: G1 Standing water Schedule 11 reservoirs, estuaries & coastal Yes (wintering) Greenshank (lake/reservoir) Tringa nebularia Amber List3 marshes. Habitat Present: G2 Running water Distribution: No (river/estuaries) Wintering – England & Wales: in association with Scattered along coasts. H Coastland Non-breeding passage – England

& Wales: Scattered. Non-breeding Rare passage migrant: passage: Distribution: August & September. F Swamp, marginal & Red-necked Yes (non-breeding Inland & coastal freshwater & inundation phalarope Schedule 11 passage) brackish pools or wetland sites. G1 Standing water Phalaropus Red List2 Habitat Present: Distribution: (freshwater/brackish lobatus No England: Scattered mainly in pools)

central & E, scarce. in association with H Coastland Resident. Winter migrant: Breeding: July to March. B Grassland Breeding: marshes, around lagoons B5 Marsh/marshy Distribution: Yes near coast, fields, grasslands near grassland (breeding & Mediterranean inland lakes & wetlands. F Swamp, marginal & gull Schedule 11 wintering) Wintering: coastal areas on inundation Larus Amber List3 Habitat Present: beaches & nearby fields. G1 Standing water melanocephalus Yes (breeding) Distribution: H Coastland No (wintering) Breeding – England & Wales: J1.1 Arable Scattered but local. Wintering: Wintering – England & Wales: H Coastland Scattered, mainly coastal. Winter migrant: Wintering: July to April. G1 Standing water Seacoasts, estuaries, lakes & Distribution: Little gull (lake/reservoir) reservoirs near coast & sometimes Yes (wintering) Hydrocoloeus Schedule 11 G2 Running water inland. Habitat Present: minutus (estuaries) Distribution: No in association with England & Wales: Scattered, H Coastland mainly coastal.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Breeding: A3 Parkland/scattered Resident. trees Winter migrant: B Grassland October to March. G1 Standing water Breeding: mainly coastal - cliffs, H Coastland beaches, shingle islands, moorland, I2.4 Refuse-tip parkland & buildings. Feeds in J1.2 Amenity inshore waters & offshore fishing grassland Distribution: Yes S41 SPECIES grounds, urban rubbish tips & Herring gull J3.6 Buildings (breeding/wintering) Local BAP playing fields. Larus argentatus Wintering: Habitat Present: Red List2 Wintering: reservoirs & estuaries, A3 Parkland/scattered No rubbish-tips, parks & playing trees fields. G1 Standing water Distribution: G2.6 Brackish running Breeding – England & Wales: water Mainly along coasts. H Coastland Wintering – England & Wales: I2.4 Refuse-tip Widespread. J1.2 Amenity grassland Summer migrant: Breeding: April to September. H3 Shingle above high Passage migrant. tide mark Breeding: shingle & sandy H6 Sand dune beaches. Distribution: Little tern Non-breeding Schedule 11 Non-breeding passage: coastal Yes (breeding) Sternula passage: Amber List3 areas, rivers & lakes. Habitat Present: albifrons G1 Standing water Distribution: No (lake) Breeding – England & Wales: G2 Running water Scattered but local along coasts. (river) Non-breeding passage – England H Coastland & Wales: Scattered. Passage migrant: Non-breeding Distribution: May & July to September. passage: Yes (non-breeding Black tern Freshwater lakes, gravel pits & G1 Standing water passage) Schedule 11 Chlidonias niger reservoirs. (lake/reservoir) Habitat Present: Distribution: I2.1 Quarry (gravel No England & Wales: Scattered. pit) Summer & passage migrant: Mid-May to August. Distribution: Schedule 11 Coastal sites - small offshore sandy Roseate tern Breeding: Yes (breeding/) S41 SPECIES or rocky islands, close to shore. Sterna dougallii H Coastland Habitat Present: Red List2 Distribution: No England & Wales: Scattered but local along coasts. Breeding: A1.1/A1.3 Woodland Summer migrant: (edge) Late-April to September. A1.1.2 Broadleaved Open woods, woodland edge, large plantation woodland hedges, heaths with clumps of (orchard) Distribution: S41 SPECIES Turtle dove trees, small plantations, orchards, A3 Parkland/scattered Yes (breeding) Streptopelia Local BAP large gardens & parkland. trees Habitat Present: turtur Red List2 Preferably near arable or weedy D Heathland Yes (breeding) fields. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Distribution: land England: Mainly S & E. J2 Hedgerows in association with J1.1 Arable Breeding: A1 Woodland Summer migrant: A2 Scrub Late-March to August. A3 Parkland/scattered Distribution: S41 SPECIES Favours reedbed, moorland, Cuckoo trees Yes (breeding) Local BAP woodland, scrub & agricultural Cuculus canorus D Heathland Habitat Present: Red List2 land. Also large parks. F Swamp, marginal & Yes (breeding) Distribution: inundation England & Wales: Widespread. J1.1 Arable J2 Hedgerows

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Breeding & wintering: A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered Resident. trees Open country - farmland, coastal B Grassland marshes & forest edge with rough Distribution: Yes B5 Marsh/marshy grassland, ponds, ditches, (breeding & grassland Barn owl riverbanks, railway embankments, wintering) Schedule 11 G1 Standing water Tyto alba roadside verges & hedges. Nests in Habitat Present: (pond/ditch) buildings, barns, hollow trees & Yes (breeding & G2 Running water cliffs. wintering) (riverbanks) Distribution: H2 Saltmarsh England & Wales: Widespread. I1.1 Inland cliff J1.1 Arable J2 Hedgerows J3.6 Buildings Rare passage winter migrant: Wintering: September to December. B Grassland Distribution: Snowy owl Open country - fields, marshes, B5 Marsh/marshy No Bubo Schedule 11 scandiacus moors & coasts. grassland Habitat Present: Distribution: D Heathland N/A England: Scattered but rare. H Coastland Breeding: A1 Woodland Summer migrant: (all types but open) Late-April to September. A3 Parkland/scattered Lowland heath with scattered trees, trees recently-felled woodland, open A4 Recently-felled Distribution: woodland, recently planted conifer Nightjar S41 SPECIES woodland Yes (breeding) plantations, coastal & inland Caprimulgus Local BAP B1 Acid grassland Habitat Present: moorland, commons, sand dunes & europaeus Amber List3 B3 Calcareous Yes (breeding) chalk downland. Also occasionally grassland shingle & industrial waste tips. D Heathland (lowland) Distribution: H3 Shingle above high England & Wales: Scattered mainly tide mark in S half. H6 Sand dune I2.4 Refuse-tip Rare passage migrant: Late-April to May. Distribution: Open country with bare soil or Non-breeding Yes (non-breeding Hoopoe 1 Upupa epops Schedule 1 short grass. passage: passage) Distribution: B Grassland Habitat Present: England & Wales: Scattered but No local. Resident. Breeding & Large slow-flowing rivers & their wintering: tributaries, canals & lakes in A3 Scattered trees lowland areas, with suitable banks Distribution: Yes in association with Schedule 11 for nesting & shallow edges for (breeding/wintering) Kingfisher G1 Standing water Alcedo atthis Amber List3 fishing with scattered trees for Habitat Present: (lakes) perching. Also ornamental lakes & No G2 Running water estuaries. (rivers/canals/ Distribution: estuaries) England & Wales: Widespread. Rare passage migrant (has been known to breed in UK): Non-breeding April/May to September. passage & breeding: Warm sunny open lowland A2 Scrub Distribution: landscapes, often near coast - open A3 Parkland/scattered Yes (non-breeding fields, pastures, grassland & steppe Bee-eater trees passage) Schedule 11 with scattered trees, sometimes Merops apiaster B Grassland Habitat Present: near open water. G1 Standing water Yes (non-breeding Distribution: G2 Running water passage) Non-breeding passage – England: H Coastland S & SE coasts. J1.1 Arable Breeding – England & Wales: Scattered.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Breeding & wintering: A1.1 Broadleaved Resident. Distribution: Yes woodland Open lowland deciduous woodland, (breeding & Lesser spotted A1.1.2 Broadleaved S41 SPECIES parklands, orchards, shelterbelts, wintering) plantation woodland woodpecker Local BAP isolated hedgerow trees & riverside Habitat Present: Dendrocopos A1.3 Mixed woodland Red List2 trees. Yes (breeding & minor A3 Parkland/scattered Distribution: wintering) trees England & Wales: Mainly S half. G2 Running water (river) J2.3 Hedge and trees Passage migrant (has been Non-breeding known to breed in UK): passage & breeding: Distribution: May & August to September. A1 Woodland with Yes (non-breeding Parkland, orchards, large gardens, Pinus & Betula sp. passage) Wryneck open pine & birch woodland & A1.1.2 Broadleaved Schedule 11 Habitat Present: Jynx torquilla heath with colonising pines. plantation woodland Yes (non-breeding Distribution: A3 Parkland/scattered passage) Non-breeding passage – England trees

& Wales: Mainly S & E coasts. D Heathland Breeding – England: SE. Wales: S. with Pinus sp. Rare summer passage migrant Non-breeding (has been known to breed in passage & breeding: UK): Mid-May to August. A1.1 Broadleaved Open deciduous woodland, forest Distribution: woodland edges, copses, spinneys & poplar Yes (breeding / non- A1.1.2 Broadleaved Schedule 11 plantations, usually near rivers or breeding passage) Golden oriole plantation woodland Oriolus oriolus Red List2 coastal sites. Habitat Present: with Populus sp. Distribution: No A1.3 Mixed woodland Non-breeding passage – England: in association with Mainly S & E. G2 Running water Breeding – England & Wales:

Scattered, mainly Suffolk. Non-breeding Rare passage migrant (has been passage & breeding: known to breed in UK): A1.3.2 Mixed May to June & August to October. Distribution: plantation woodland Old hedges, thickets, birch-pine Yes (non-breeding with Pinus & Betula Red-backed plantations, peat bogs & lowland passage) Schedule 11 sp. shrike heath with a mixture of gorse, Habitat Present: Red List2 A2 Scrub Lanius collurio heather & small trees. Yes (non-breeding D Heathland Distribution: passage) with Calluna, Erica & Non-breeding passage – England Ulex sp. & Wales: Mainly S & E coasts. E1 Bog Breeding – England: SW & E. J2 Hedgerows Breeding & Resident. wintering: Rocky coasts and mountains, B Grassland feeding on short grassland, pasture, Distribution: D Heathland Chough arable fields, heath, sand dunes & No Pyrrhocorax Schedule 11 H6 Sand dune beaches. Habitat Present: pyrrhocorax H8.1 Maritime hard Distribution: N/A cliff & slope England: SW coast. I1.1 Inland cliff Wales: W coast. J1.1 Arable Resident (in SE England). Winter migrant: Breeding: September to April. A1 Woodland Passage summer migrant: (all types) March to September. with Picea abies, Ilex Breeding: conifer plantations, aquifolium, Fagus Distribution: Yes deciduous or mixed woods with sylvatica & Quercus (breeding & Firecrest rich understorey. sp. wintering) Regulus Schedule 11 ignicapilla Wintering: scrub, low bushes, Wintering: Habitat Present: wooded valleys near coast, A1 Woodland Yes (breeding & hedgerows & large gardens. (valleys) wintering) Distribution: A3 Parkland/scattered Breeding – England: Mainly S & trees SE. Wales: scarce. A2 Scrub Wintering – England & Wales: J2 Hedgerows Scattered, mainly S. ______

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE

Breeding: A1 Woodland Resident. (all types) Breeding: conifer woodlands, in association with northern birch woods & mixed G2 Running water woodlands, with a damp substrate (rivers/streams) close to rivers or streams. Also A2 Scrub Distribution: Yes Willow tit S41 SPECIES alder carr, scrub surrounding gravel in association with (breeding/wintering) Poecile montana Red List2 pits, reservoirs, river-valleys & I2.1 Quarry Habitat Present: copses. (gravel pit) No Wintering: heaths, chalk hills & G1 Standing water other sites away from woods. (reservoirs) Distribution: Wintering: England & Wales: Mainly central. B3 Calcareous grassland D Heathland

Breeding: A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Resident. A1.1.2 Broadleaved Distribution: Yes Breeding: relatively large open plantation woodland (breeding & S41 SPECIES deciduous woodland, alder carr, (orchard) wintering) Marsh tit Poecile palustris Local BAP orchards, parks & copse. A3 Parkland/scattered Habitat Present: Red List2 Wintering: large mature gardens. trees Yes (breeding) Distribution: in association with No (wintering) England & Wales: Mainly S half. A1 Woodland Wintering: J1.2 Amenity grassland

Resident. Breeding & Dense reedbeds or vegetation wintering: around the edge of a reedbed. Distribution: Yes Bearded tit F1 Swamp Dstribution: (breeding/wintering) Panurus Schedule 11 F2.1 Marginal Breeding – England: Mainly S & Habitat Present: biarmicus vegetation E. Wales: Scarce. No with Phragmites Wintering – England: Scattered australis mainly in S & E. Wales: Mainly S.

Resident (in SW England). Breeding: Summer migrant (in E England): A1 Woodland (open) January to October. A2 Scrub Distribution: Yes Breeding: open woodland, young A3 Parkland/scattered (breeding & Schedule 11 plantations, recently felled trees wintering) Woodlark Local BAP plantations & heath with scattered A4 Recently-felled Lullula arborea Habitat Present: S41 SPECIES trees, scrub & short grass. woodland Yes (breeding & Wintering: farmland. B Grassland wintering) Distribution: D Heathland England: Mainly S & E. Wintering: Wales: Scarce. J1.1 Arable

Resident. Summer migrant: Breeding: March to October. B Grassland Breeding: open grassland in D Heathland Distribution: Yes uplands, heaths, coastal marshes, H2 Saltmarsh (breeding & S41 SPECIES set-aside, large arable fields & un- H6 Sand dune wintering) Skylark Local BAP grazed grassland, often without J1.1 Arable Alauda arvensis Habitat Present: Red List2 hedges. Also sand dunes, golf J1.2 Amenity Yes (breeding & courses & playing fields. grassland wintering) Wintering: arable fields, Wintering: unploughed stubble & saltmarshes. J1.1 Arable Distribution: H2 Saltmarsh England & Wales: Widespread.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Winter migrant: October to April. Coastal grazing marsh, dune Distribution: Shorelark Wintering: Schedule 11 systems, saltmarshes & beaches or Yes (wintering) Eremophila H Coastland Amber List3 stubble fields near the sea. Habitat Present: alpestris J1.1 Arable (coastal) Distribution: No England: Mainly E coast. Wales: Scarce. Resident. Breeding: Breeding: dense willow/bramble A2.1 Dense scrub Distribution: Yes scrub in damp, low-lying places, in association with Cetti’s warbler (breeding/wintering) Schedule 11 near to reedbeds. G Open water & Cettia cetti Habitat Present: Wintering: reedbeds. F1 Swamp No Distribution: Wintering: England & Wales: Mainly S half. F1 Swamp

Summer migrant: April to August. Breeding: Mature upland oak woods with Distribution: A1.1.1 Broadleaved Wood warbler high canopy & limited ground Yes (non-breeding S41 SPECIES woodland (upland) Phylloscopus vegetation. Also beech & birch passage) Red List2 with Quercus & sibilatrix woodlands. Habitat Present: Betula sp. & Fagus Distribution: No sylvatica England: Mainly N & W. Wales: Widespread.

Resident. Breeding & Dry lowland heath dominated by Distribution: Yes wintering: Schedule 11 gorse or heathers. (breeding/wintering) Dartford warbler D1 Dry heathland Sylvia undata Amber List3 Distribution: Habitat Present: with Ulex, Calluna & England: Mainly S. No Erica sp. Wales: S.

Breeding: Summer migrant: A1.2.2 Coniferous Mid-April to September. plantation woodland Lowland areas - thick scrub, A2.1 Dense scrub thickets, rough grass, marshes, Distribution: Grasshopper S41 SPECIES B Grassland warbler fens, heathland, young conifer Yes (breeding) Local BAP B5 Marsh/marshy Locustella plantations and overgrown gravel Habitat Present: Red List2 grassland naevia pits. No D Heathland Distribution: E3 Fen England & Wales: Widespread but I2.1 Quarry local. (gravel pit)

Breeding: A2 Scrub B Grassland Summer migrant: C3.1 Tall ruderal Late-May to August. F2.1 Marginal Typically close to water in dense vegetation Distribution: Marsh warbler Schedule 11 lush plants such as willowherb, in association with Yes (breeding) Acrocephalus S41 SPECIES meadowsweet & nettle with G1 Standing water Habitat Present: palustris Red List2 willows & scrub nearby. Gardens, &/or No alongside streams & fields. G2 Running water Distribution: with Epilobium & England: Mainly E coasts. Salix sp., Filipendula ulmaria & Urtica dioica

Summer migrant: Breeding: Late-April to August. Distribution: Schedule 11 B5 Marsh/marshy Savi’s warbler Extensive dense reedbeds & lush Yes (breeding) Locustella S41 SPECIES grassland marsh vegetation. Habitat Present: luscinioides Red List2 F Swamp, marginal & Distribution: No inundation England: Mainly S & E, rare.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE

Non-breeding passage: Rare passage migrant: F1 Swamp Late-July to October. F2.1 Marginal Distribution: Coastal reedbeds, in low vegetation Yes (non-breeding Aquatic warbler S41 SPECIES vegetation, stands of sedges or Acrocephalus G1 Standing water passage) Red List2 rushes near river margins, estuaries paludicola (lagoons) Habitat Present: & lagoons. G2 Running water No Distribution: (rivers/estuaries) England: Mainly S & SE coasts. with Carex & Juncus sp.

Non-breeding Rare vagrant (in England). passage & breeding: Resident (in Channel Islands). A1.1 Broadleaved Groups of tall trees with rugged woodland Short-toed bark in woods, avenues, parks, A1.1.2 Broadleaved Distribution: treecreeper Schedule 11 large gardens, orchards & copses. plantation woodland No Certhia Amber List3 Distribution: (orchards) Habitat Present: brachydactyla Non-breeding passage – England: A3 Parkland/scattered N/A S & E coasts. trees Breeding – England: Channel often in association Islands. with J3.6 Buildings (towns)

Breeding & wintering: A1 Woodland A1.1.2 Broadleaved plantation woodland Resident. (orchards) Open grasslands - gardens, lawns, A3 Parkland/scattered arable fields, playing fields & parks trees Distribution: Yes in urban & rural areas. Also open B Grassland (breeding & S41 SPECIES forests, near woodland margins, B5 Marsh/marshy wintering) Starling Local BAP grazed hill pastures, saltmarshes, Sturnus vulgaris grassland Habitat Present: Red List2 heaths, rocky shorelines, orchards, D Heathland Yes (breeding & reedbeds, floodlands, airfields & F1 Swamp wintering) refuse tips. H Coastland Distribution: I2.4 Refuse-tip England & Wales: Widespread. J1.1 Arable J1.2 Amenity grassland J3.6 Buildings J4 Bare ground

Summer migrant: Breeding: April to August. A1.2.1 Coniferous Passage migrant: plantation woodland April to May & September. B Grassland Breeding: steep gullies & crags on C2 Upland species- moorland & in mountains, hill rich ledges farms, fringes of forestry D Heathland Distribution: plantations & old quarries, often G1 Standing water Ring ouzel Yes (wintering/ non- S41 SPECIES near water. in association with Turdus breeding passage) Red List2 Non-breeding passage: short grass I2.1 Quarry (disused) torquatus Habitat Present: near coast & steep chalk hillsides I1 Natural rock No close to dense cover. exposure & waste Distribution: Non-breeding Breeding – England & Wales: passage: Mainly N. A2.1 Dense scrub Non-breeding passage – England: B3 Calcareous Mainly S & E coasts & central. grassland Wales: Scattered. H8.4 Coastal grassland

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE

Wintering: A1 Woodland (edge) A1.1.2 Broadleaved plantation woodland Winter migrant (has been known (orchards) to breed in UK): A3 Parkland/scattered October to May. trees Wintering: hedgerows, orchards, B Grassland pastures, arable & woodland edge, Distribution: J1.1 Arable Fieldfare Schedule 11 rarely gardens. Yes (wintering) J2 Hedgerows Turdus pilaris Red List2 Breeding: moorland valleys, birch Habitat Present: Breeding: woods & plantation edge. Yes (wintering) A1.1 Broadleaved Distribution: woodland with Betula Wintering – England & Wales: sp. Widespread. A1.1.2 Broadleaved Breeding – England: N. plantation woodland (edge) D Heathland (moorland valleys)

Breeding & wintering: Distribution: Yes Resident. A1 Woodland (breeding & S41 SPECIES Deciduous & coniferous woodland, (all types) Song thrush wintering) Turdus Local BAP parks, hedgerows & gardens. A3 Parkland/scattered Habitat Present: philomelos Red List2 Distribution: trees Yes (breeding & England & Wales: Widespread. J1.2 Amenity wintering) grassland J2 Hedgerows

Wintering: A1.1.2 Broadleaved Winter migrant: plantation woodland September to April. A2 Scrub Distribution: Hedgerows, orchards, open short A3 Parkland/scattered Redwing Schedule 11 Yes (wintering) grassland, farmland, parks, large trees Turdus iliacus Red List2 Habitat Present: gardens & scrub. B Grassland Yes (wintering) Distribution: J1 Cultivated/disturbed England & Wales: Widespread. land (gardens) J1.1 Arable J2 Hedgerows

Breeding: A1 Woodland Summer migrant: (glades/edges) Late-April to September. A1.1.2 Broadleaved Distribution: Spotted S41 SPECIES Woodland glades & edges, mature flycatcher plantation woodland Yes (breeding) Local BAP gardens, parks, cemeteries & Muscicapa (orchards) Habitat Present: Red List2 orchards. striata A3 Parkland/scattered Yes (breeding) Distribution: trees England & Wales: Widespread. J1.2 Amenity grassland

Passage migrant (has been known to breed in UK): Non-breeding May to early-June & August to Distribution: passage & breeding: October. Yes (non-breeding Bluethroat A2 Scrub Schedule 11 Scrub, gardens & grassy areas, passage) Luscinia svecica B Grassland usually near coast. Habitat Present: in association with Distribution: No H Coastland England & Wales: Mainly S & E coasts.

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Resident (on SE coast & Lancashire). Summer migrant (in central England): March to September. Winter migrant (on coasts): Breeding: September to March. I1.1 Inland cliff Breeding: cliffs, industrial I1.2 Scree Distribution: Yes Black redstart buildings, power stations, railway Schedule 11 I2.1 Quarry (disused) (breeding/wintering) Phoenicurus stations, disused Red List2 J3.6 Buildings Habitat Present: ochruros factories/warehouses, quarries & (industrial/rural) No rural buildings. Wintering: Wintering: rocky shores or below H Coastland cliffs. Distribution: Breeding – England: Mainly S & E. Wales: Scarce. Wintering – England & Wales: Mainly coastal. Breeding & wintering: A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Resident. A1.2.2 Coniferous Low thick scrub, extensive bramble Distribution: Yes plantation patches, gardens, parks, farmland (breeding & A2.1 Dense scrub S41 SPECIES with hedges, bracken on moorland, wintering) Dunnock A3 Parkland/scattered Prunella Local BAP conifer plantation, deciduous & Habitat Present: trees modularis Amber List3 coppice woodland, railway Yes (breeding & B Grassland embankments & cuttings. wintering) C1 Bracken Distribution: in association with England & Wales: Widespread. D Heathland J1.1 Arable in association with J2 Hedgerows Breeding & Resident. wintering: Distribution: Yes Buildings (often in towns or on A2 Scrub (breeding & House sparrow S41 SPECIES cultivated land), parks, gardens, A3 Parkland/scattered wintering) Passer Local BAP farmyards & industrial areas with trees Habitat Present: domesticus Red List2 open ground. J1 Cultivated/disturbed Yes (breeding & Distribution: land wintering) England & Wales: Widespread. J3.6 Buildings J4 Bare ground Breeding: A1.1 Broadleaved Resident. woodland (open/edge) Breeding: open woodland, A1.1.2 Broadleaved woodland edges, farmland with plantation woodland Distribution: Yes hedges, hedgerow trees, parks, (orchards) (breeding & Tree sparrow S41 SPECIES orchards & quarries. A3 Parkland/scattered wintering) Passer Local BAP Wintering: agricultural land trees Habitat Present: montanus Red List2 especially stubble or unploughed J1.1 Arable Yes (breeding & fields. in association with wintering) Distribution: J2 Hedgerows England & Wales: Mainly central J2.3 Hedge with trees & N. I2.1 Quarry Wintering: J1.1 Arable Breeding: B Grassland Summer migrant: B5 Marsh/marshy Late-March to September. grassland Lowland pastures, water meadows, Distribution: F2.1 Marginal S41 SPECIES marshes, riversides & arable fields, Yes (breeding) Yellow wagtail vegetation Motacilla flava Red List2 often near water. Habitat Present: J1.1 Arable Distribution: No in association with England: Mainly central & E. G1 Standing water Wales: Welsh borders. &/or G2 Running water

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Breeding: A1 Woodland Summer migrant: (open/edge) April to September. A1.2.2 Coniferous Heathland, open woodland & plantation woodland edges, young conifer plantations & (young) Distribution: S41 SPECIES recently felled trees, parkland with A2 Scrub Yes (breeding) Tree pipit Local BAP scattered trees, mature hedgerows, Anthus trivialis A3 Parkland/scattered Habitat Present: Red List2 open grassland with scrub & trees Yes (breeding) scattered trees. A4 Recently-felled Distribution: woodland England: Mainly S, SW & N. B Grassland Wales: Widespread. D Heathland J2 Hedgerows Wintering: Winter migrant (has been known A1.1 Broadleaved to breed in UK): woodland Distribution: Mid-September to April. Brambling A3 Parkland/scattered Yes (wintering) Fringilla Schedule 11 Beech woods, farmland, parks & trees Habitat Present: montifringilla sometimes gardens. with Fagus sylvatica No Distribution: J1 Cultivated/disturbed England & Wales: Widespread. land

Breeding: Resident. A1.1.1 Broadleaved Breeding: gorse-covered semi-natural woodland commons, rough ground with A1.1.2/A1.2.2 scrub, unmanaged farmland, Plantation woodland Distribution: Yes Linnet hedges, young plantations, fen A2 Scrub (breeding & S41 SPECIES Carduelis woodlands, rural gardens & B Grassland wintering) Local BAP cannabina orchards. D Heathland Habitat Present: Red List2 Wintering: farmland, wasteland & with Ulex sp. Yes (breeding & coastal marshes. J1.1 Arable wintering) Distribution: J2 Hedgerows England & Wales: Widespread in Wintering: most parts. H2 Saltmarsh J1.1 Arable

Resident (in N Wales). Summer migrant: April to September. Breeding: Winter migrant: B Grassland October to March. Twite D Heathland Distribution: Breeding: Upland moorlands, open Carduelis S41 SPECIES Wintering: Yes (wintering) country & hay meadows. flavirostris Red List2 J1.1 Arable Habitat Present: Wintering: coastal lowland stubble in association with No fields & saltmarshes. H Coastland Distribution: H2 Saltmarsh Breeding – England & Wales: N. Wintering – England & Wales: Mainly coastal.

Breeding & wintering: Resident. A1.1.1 Broadleaved Winter migrant: semi-natural woodland September to March. (also carr) Birch woodland, young conifer with Betula & Alnus plantations, alder carr, sallow & sp. hawthorn thickets, tall hedgerows, A1.2.2 Coniferous Distribution: Yes Lesser redpoll S41 SPECIES field hedgerows, gardens & heath plantation woodland (breeding/wintering) Carduelis 2 cabaret Red List with scattered trees. (young) Habitat Present: Distribution: A2.1 Dense scrub No Breeding – England: Mainly N, W with Salix & & SW, scattered elsewhere. Crataegus sp. Wales: Widespread. A3 Parkland/scattered Wintering – England & Wales: trees Widespread. in association with D Heathland J2 Hedgerows

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Rare passage migrant (has been known to breed in UK): March to April & September to Non-breeding November. passage & breeding: Summer migrant (in E Anglia): A1.1.2 Broadleaved Distribution: March to May. plantation woodland Yes (non-breeding Serin Gardens, parks, orchards & Schedule 11 (orchards) passage) Serinus serinus churchyards in suburban or rural A3 Parkland/scattered Habitat Present: areas. trees No Distribution: J1.2 Amenity Non-breeding passage – England: grassland (gardens) S & E coasts. Breeding – England: Mainly S coast. Breeding & Resident. wintering: Distribution: Yes Coniferous woodland particularly A1.2 Coniferous (breeding & Common spruce, pine & larch, mixed woodland wintering) Schedule 11 woodland & parkland. A1.3 Mixed woodland crossbill Habitat Present: Loxia curvirostra Distribution: A3 Parkland/scattered Yes (breeding & England: Mainly N & S. trees wintering) Wales: Widespread but local. with Pinus, Larix & Picea sp. Rare passage migrant (has been known to breed in UK): Non-breeding May to September. passage & breeding: Coastal areas in low scrub, thick A1.1.1 Broadleaved hedges, swampy areas & damp semi-natural woodland Distribution: Scarlet rosefinch woodland. (damp) No Carpodacus Schedule 11 erythrinus Distribution: A2 Scrub Habitat Present: Non-breeding passage – England: F1 Swamp N/A Mainly E coast. Wales: Scarce. J2 Hedgerows Breeding – England & Wales: in association with Mainly Cumbria, scattered H Coastland elsewhere. Breeding & wintering: A1 Woodland (all types) A1.1.2 Broadleaved Resident. plantation woodland Mature broadleaved, mixed or (orchards) Distribution: Yes coniferous woodland, thickets, A2 Scrub (breeding & Bullfinch S41 SPECIES scrub, large hedges, lowland A3 Parkland/scattered wintering) Pyrrhula Local BAP farmland, orchards, large gardens, trees Habitat Present: pyrrhula Amber List3 yews in churchyards & gorse on D Heathland Yes (breeding & heaths. with Ulex sp. wintering) Distribution: J1.1 Arable England & Wales: Widespread. J1.2 Amenity grassland (gardens/churchyards) with Taxus sp. J2 Hedgerows Breeding & wintering: Resident. A1.1 Broadleaved Mature deciduous & mixed woodland woodlands, large gardens, A1.1.2 Broadleaved cemeteries, parklands, orchards, plantation woodland hedges & shrubby places with Distribution: Hawfinch S41 SPECIES (orchards) scattered trees. Likes hornbeam Yes (wintering) Coccothraustes Local BAP A1.3 Mixed woodland especially. Habitat Present: coccothraustes Red List2 A3 Parkland/scattered Distribution: Yes (wintering) trees Breeding – England: S, SE, NW & J1.2 Amenity Midlands. Wales: SE & NW. grassland Wintering – England & Wales: (gardens/churchyards) Widespread but scattered. J2 Hedgerows with Carpinus betulus

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Wintering: Winter migrant: D Heathland (upland) Late-September to March. H1.1.1 Intertidal Upland moors, mountains, arable mud/sand fields, rough grassland near coast, Distribution: Snow bunting H1.1.2 Intertidal Schedule 11 saltmarshes & sand/shingle Yes (wintering) Plectrophenax shingle Amber List3 beaches. Habitat Present: nivalis H2 Saltmarsh Distribution: Yes (wintering) H8.4 Coastal grassland England: Mainly N & E coast, I1 Natural rock scattered elsewhere. exposure Wales: Scattered, mainly on coast. J1.1 Arable Winter migrant: Wintering: September to May. B Grassland Distribution: Lapland bunting Coastal heaths, stubble fields & D Heathland Schedule 11 Yes (wintering) Calcarius rough grass, usually near coast. H8.4 Coastal grassland Amber List3 Habitat Present: lapponicus Distribution: H8.5 Coastal Yes (wintering) England: Mainly S & E coasts. heathland Wales: Scattered on coast. J1.1 Arable Breeding: Resident. A1 Woodland (young Breeding: dry sunny habitats with plantations) varied vegetation - arable fields A2 Scrub with hedges, grassland, B Grassland Distribution: Yes road/railway embankments, C1 Bracken (breeding & S41 SPECIES commons & heaths. Also sea cliffs D Heathland Yellowhammer wintering) Emberiza Local BAP with shrubby vegetation such as H6 Sand dune Habitat Present: citrinella Red List2 bracken & heath, coastal sand H8 Maritime cliff & Yes (breeding & dunes & young plantations. slope wintering) Wintering: large fields, especially J1.1 Arable stubble fields & winter crops. in association with Distribution: J2 Hedgerows England & Wales: Widespread. Wintering: J1.1 Arable Breeding: A1 Woodland A2 Scrub Resident. A3 Parkland/scattered Breeding: Agricultural pasture trees surrounded by hedges & trees, B Grassland scrubby slopes near coast, heaths D Heathland Distribution: Schedule 11 with scattered gorse, often close to with Ulex sp. No Cirl bunting S41 SPECIES Emberiza cirlus salt & freshwater. J2 Hedgerows Habitat Present: Red List2 Wintering: arable fields, especially J1.1 Arable N/A stubble & set-aside. in association with Distribution: G1 Standing water England: S Devon & Cornwall. &/or G2 Running water Wintering: J1.1 Arable Breeding: A1 Woodland A1.2.2 Coniferous plantation woodland (young) Resident. A2 Scrub Breeding: reedbeds, riverbanks, B Grassland fens, marshes, coastal grazing B5 Marsh/marshy marshes, grasslands, ditches, grassland Distribution: Yes woodlands with water, clearings, E3 Fen (breeding & S41 SPECIES young conifer plantations & farm Reed bunting F1 Swamp wintering) Emberiza Local BAP crops particularly oilseed rape. F2.1 Marginal Habitat Present: schoeniclus Amber List3 Also hawthorn scrub on chalk vegetation Yes (breeding & downlands, dune slacks & gravel G1 Standing water wintering) pits. G2 Running water Wintering: agricultural land. H2 Saltmarsh Distribution: H6.4 Dune slack England & Wales: Widespread. I2.1 Quarry (gravel pit) J1.1 Arable Wintering: J1.1 Arable ______

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LEGAL AND EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTION & SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE PHASE 1 HABITAT STATUS HABITATS PRESENT IN SITE Resident. Breeding: Breeding: dry open countryside, Distribution: Yes B Grassland Corn bunting heaths & reedbed. (breeding & S41 SPECIES D1 Dry heathland Emberiza Wintering: tilled farmland, winter wintering) Local BAP F1 Swamp calandra subsp. stubbles & rough grasslands. Habitat Present: Red List2 Wintering: calandra Distribution: Yes (breeding & B Grassland England: Mainly central & E parts. wintering) J1.1 Arable Wales: Welsh borders.

Key: - • Schedule 11 – In addition to the standard protection afforded to all wild birds, their nests and eggs under Part 1, Section 1 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended), these species are listed under Schedule 1 of the Act and receive additional legal protection under sub-section 5 which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally [or recklessly]— (a) disturbs any wild bird included in Schedule 1 while it is building a nest or is in, on or near a nest containing eggs or young; or (b) disturbs dependent young of such a bird,

he shall be guilty of an offence.

• S41 SPECIES – Species is listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

• Red List2 – Species is listed as a Bird of Conservation Concern on the Red List (taken from Eaton et al. 2015).

• Amber List3 – Species is listed as a Bird of Conservation Concern on the Amber List (taken from Eaton et al. 2015).

References

Balmer D et al. 2013. Bird Atlas 2007-2011: The breeding and wintering birds of Britain & Ireland. BTO, Norfolk BTO 2013. BirdFacts. Accessed online on 7th through 9th January 2014 from: http://www.bto.org/about-birds/birdfacts Cramp et al. 1977-1994. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Volumes I-IX. Oxford University Press, Oxford Eaton M, Aebischer N, Brown A, Hearn R, Lock L, Musgrove A, Noble D, Stroud D & Gregory R 2015. Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. British Birds 108: 708-746 Holden P & Cleeves T 2002. RSPB Handbook of British Birds. A & C Black, London RSPB 2013. Bird guide: Birds by name. Accessed online on 7th through 9th January 2014 from: http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name/a/

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APPENDIX H. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS (EXCLUDING BATS) WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris

Legal and conservation status

Red squirrels are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive full legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-sections (1) and (4)(a- c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures or takes any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection; (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Red squirrels are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Red squirrels are mainly a diurnal and arboreal species, now predominantly found in coniferous forests dominated by Scots pine Pinus sylvestris or Norway spruce Picea abies, but less often in those dominated by Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). Red squirrels are also found in broadleaved woods, smaller woods or copses, heather moors and even gardens (Barrett-Hamilton et al. 1883, Harris & Yalden 2008). Red squirrels readily utilise roads, walls, hedgerows or even railway bridges to move between habitats, and will also cross small streams (Barrett-Hamilton et al. 1883). Habitats vary according to the time of year and amount of food available, but woodlands with many tree species generally provide a greater supply of food than those dominated by a single species. Red squirrels are opportunistic, with a varied diet comprising pine cones, beech mast, acorns, hazelnuts, fruits, berries and fungi, as well as buds, shoots, flowers of trees, bark, tree sap, lichens, caterpillars and less commonly, birds eggs and nestlings (Street 1961, Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). ______

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Red squirrels build dreys for both breeding and resting in trees, near the trunk, or in branch forks, usually above 6 m in height, but dreys can be as low 2.5 m high (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). Drey sites are generally in spruce trees, but hollow trees may also be used for dens, particularly in broadleaved woodlands (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). Nests are frequently constructed using climbing plants such as ivy Hedera helix, with the outer part made of leaves or needles both loose and on twigs, and the inner is lined with a mixture of soft material, usually moss, leaves, needles, dry grass, stripped bark, feathers and even rabbit fur (Street 1961, Harris & Yalden 2008).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (all types); • D – Heathland; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge (commuting only); • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees (commuting only); and • J2.5 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Wall (commuting only).

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Red squirrels are not known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

N/A.

Common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius

Legal and conservation status

Common dormice are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal, is guilty of an offence.

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In addition, the species is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Common dormice are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Dormice are an arboreal woodland species (Bright & Morris 1990, 1991 & 1992) yet whilst most commonly found in broadleaved woodlands and species-rich hedgerows, occasional records of dormice have been made in heathland, culm grassland, coastal scrub and coniferous plantations (Chanin & Woods 2003). In addition, studies in the south-west of England have demonstrated that scrub often represents dormouse habitat (Eden & Eden 1999, Chanin & Woods 2003), and the species has been recorded in mono-species goat willow Salix caprea scrub in Surrey in spring (AEcol own data 2013).

For populations to persist within a given site they require a succession of fruiting trees and shrubs to provide food (Richards et al. 1984, Bright & Morris 1993), including flowers (nectar and pollen), fruits (berries and nuts) with the presence of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. of overwhelming importance (Hurrell & McIntosh 1984), and some (especially aphids and caterpillars). There is a common misconception that dormice are dependent upon honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and hazel Corylus avellana, however, whilst the presence of both honeysuckle for the provision of nest material and hazel for a ready source of food prior to hibernation are of benefit to dormice, they are not essential (Hurrell & McIntosh 1984) and dormouse presence (from nest evidence) has been found in a low-cut hedge over 1 km from any area with fruiting hazel (Eden & Eden 1999).

As the animals are typically arboreal, only coming to the ground to move between areas of favoured arboreal habitat, and in the winter to hibernate, they are most often found in habitat with good canopy and/or shrub-layer connectivity and favour thick tangles of vegetation. As a general rule, if eye-level visibility is summer is more than 20 m then the shrub layer is sub- optimal dormouse habitat (Bright et al. 2006). Although they may weave nests within bushes and shrubs, cavities in hollow branches, squirrel dreys and old birds’ nests are favoured (Bright et al. 2006). During the winter dormice hibernate on the ground in tightly woven nests

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Hedgerows in which dormice are present typically comprise a wide diversity of shrub species (with abundant bramble) (Bright & MacPherson 2002, Chanin & Woods 2003) and significantly high productivity in terms of overall food resource. Radio-tracking also demonstrated that dormice in hedgerows feed principally on bramble, dog-rose Rosa canina and hazel, but avoid hawthorn (Bright & MacPherson 2002). The seeds of hornbeam Carpinus betulus and blackthorn Prunus spinosa are also favoured, particularly in areas where hazel is absent (Eden & Eden 1999).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (all types); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland (culm grassland only); • D – Heathland (occasionally); • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Dormice are known to occur in Suffolk however they are presumed absent from The Site as the location of the closest record is approximately 18 km away from The Site.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Water vole Arvicola amphibius

Legal and conservation status

Water voles are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive full legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-sections (1) and (4)(a- c) which states: Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures or takes any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

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Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection; (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Water voles are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Water voles are typically found in linear riparian habitat, alongside rivers, ponds and canals, where there is dense waterside vegetation to provide food and shelter. Water voles favour slow-flowing watercourses (Strachan 1998, Moorhouse et al. 2009), with high banks for burrowing and refuge areas above winter flood levels, and a year-round availability of feeding material (Stoddart 1970, Lawton & Woodroffe 1991, Barreto et al. 1998, Strachan 1998, Moorhouse & Macdonald 2005, Strachan & Moorhouse 2006). Shore type is predominately earth or clay with a stepped or step bank, where they can burrow and create a dry nest above the water table (Strachan 1998). Bank-side and emergent vegetation is important, with optimal habitat containing a continuous and tall amount of cover comprising tussocks of grass, rush, sedge or reed (Strachan 1998, Moorhouse et al. 2009). Excessive shading by shrubs and trees is less favoured (Strachan 1998).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • F – Swamp, marginal and inundation; • G1 – Open water / Standing water (ponds); and • G2 – Open water / Running water (rivers, canals and streams, but slow-flowing).

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Water voles are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

No potentially suitable habitat exists within The Site.

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Harvest mouse Micromys minutus

Conservation status

Harvest mice are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Harvest mice have a distribution bias to the south of England where the species is typically found in tall, dense grassy habitats including tall grass and rushes (particularly in large ditches), reedbeds, grassy hedgerows, bramble patches (Harris & Yalden 2008). In areas of modern agriculture, cereal crops may be used with field headlands and rough grass banks act as refuges during the winter (Op. cit.). Young plantation woodlands may also be colonised (Harris & Yalden 2008).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (young plantations); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub (bramble patches); • B – Grassland and marsh (tall and dense); • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland (culm grassland only); • F1 – Swamp, marginal and inundation / Swamp (reedbed); • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Arable (cereal crops with field headlands); • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Harvest mice are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed ground / Arable; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

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Brown hare Lepus europaeus

Conservation status

Brown hares are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Brown hares are most common in cereal-dominant arable fields, showing a marked preference for cultivated areas with crops, over non-cultivated areas, such as pasture, set-aside or woodland (Harris & Yalden 2008). There is a requirement for permanent cover, with survival of young generally higher in areas of mixed agriculture than those with cereal monocrops (Harris & Yalden 2008). Smaller fields providing year-round food and shelter are therefore preferred over a ‘prairie’ landscape (Harris & Yalden 2008). In areas of mixed agriculture, cattle-grazed pasture and fallow land, as well as strips of uncultivated land in arable fields are used (Harris & Yalden 2008). Brown hares are also known to use woods, shelter-belts and hedgerows, especially during the winter months (Harris & Yalden 2008).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland; • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh; • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Arable; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Brown hares are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • B4 – Grassland and marsh / Improved grassland; • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed ground / Arable; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and

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• J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

Mountain hare Lepus timidus

Conservation status

Mountain hares are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Mountain hares in England typically occupy areas 130 m above sea level, selecting moors and hillsides dominated by heather and cotton-sedges, using rock crevices and stones for shelter, and sometimes descending to lower altitudes during hard winters (Barrett-Hamilton et al. 1883, Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). Mountain hares have a varied diet, depending on the habitat occupied, feeding on heather, grasses, sedges, rushes, the bark or twigs of scrub and small trees, as well as lichens in winter (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • A3 – Woodland and scrub / Parkland/scattered trees; • B1 – Grassland and marsh / Acid grassland; • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland; • C2 – Tall herb and fern / Upland species-rich ledges; • D – Heathland; • E – Mire; and • I1 – Rock exposure and waste / Natural.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Mountain hares are not known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

N/A.

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Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus

Conservation status

Hedgehogs are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Hedgehogs occur in lowland habitats where grassland is present in adjacent to woodland, scrub or hedgerows, however, one study recorded them in only three of a total 82 pasture fields (Harris & Yalden 2008). They are generally scarce in coniferous woodland, marshy areas and moorland, but may be abundant in suburban areas particularly in proximity to amenity grassland (Op. cit.).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland; • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh; • J1.2 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Amenity grassland; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Hedgehogs are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • B4 – Grassland and marsh / Improved grassland; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

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Badger Meles meles

Legal status

Badgers Meles meles and their setts are legally protected under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992, which states:

A person is guilty of an offence if, except as permitted by or under this Act, he wilfully kills, injures or takes, or attempts to kill, injure or take, a badger. A person is guilty of an offence if, except as permitted by or under this Act, he interferes with a badger sett by doing any of the following things—

(a) damaging a badger sett or any part of it; (b) destroying a badger sett; (c) obstructing access to, or any entrance of, a badger sett; (d) causing a dog to enter a badger sett; or (e) disturbing a badger when it is occupying a badger sett,

intending to do any of those things or being reckless as to whether his actions would have any of those consequences.

The Act defines a badger sett as “any structure or place which displays signs indicating current use by a badger.” Natural England (2009) have provided guidance on the definition of ‘current use’, stating that “for a sett to fall within the definition of the Act, a badger need not be in current occupation, and may not have been for some time. As long as there are signs present indicating “current use” the sett is defined as such in the Act and is therefore protected. The maximum lapse of time between last occupation by badgers and the inspection of a sett for it to be considered in “current use” is how long it takes the signs to disappear, or more precisely, to appear so old as to not indicate “current use” … A sett is therefore protected as long as such signs remain present. In practice, this could potentially be for a period of several weeks after the last actual occupation of the sett by a badger or badgers.”

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

In the UK 50% of setts are located within deciduous woodland (Delahay et al. 2008) with coniferous woodland less favoured. This figure rises to 75% if woodland, hedgerow and scrub are combined (op cit). The Mammal Society’s 1963 survey found 92% of setts were dug into slopes and hedgerow setts are only common where the hedges typically occur on earth banks.

Vegetation cover near a sett is also important for entry and exit, and for young to play under shelter from potential predators (Neal & Cheeseman 1996). The loss of this cover may, particularly in cases of large scale landscape change such as tree felling, result in the abandonment of the main sett, with the clan relocating to an annex or subsidiary, making ______

- 102 - © AEcol 2018 CEMEX UK OPERATIONS LTD PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL APPRAISAL – APPENDICES Lime Kiln Farm ______regular visits to the main sett but not returning until the vegetation has again built up to provide sufficient cover (ibid). The cover may itself also be an indicator of badger presence; badgers are very partial to elder Sambucus nigra berries and will eat them during nightly activity, depositing the seeds within spoil in a latrine close to the sett upon their return, and thereby providing a pre-manured substrate from which the seeds readily germinate and a thicket of elder springs up around the sett. This provides the cover the badgers favour and a ready food source. As such, the presence of an elder thicket in an area where the species is otherwise absent is often a conspicuous giveaway to the location of a badger sett.

Note: the above text describes optimum and ideal habitat location but may reflect encounters at a time when badger populations were below carrying capacity, indeed, absent entirely from many areas. More recently badgers have been recorded in open ground under tillage in Hampshire (AEcol, own data), and under open flat ground in Somerset and in the Fens (AEcol, own data). As such, a habitat assessment can only give a gauge of the quality of the habitat, not the probability of sett presence.

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland; • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees; and • J2.8 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Earth bank.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Badgers are known to occur in Suffolk however they are presumed absent from within The Site as no sett occurs within The Site.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • B4 – Grassland and marsh / Improved grassland; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.2 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Defunct hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

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Otter Lutra lutra

Legal and conservation status

Otters are listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, making them a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

In addition, the species is also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states: Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Otters are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

The main constituent of the otter’s diet is fish, although amphibians (mainly frogs) and crayfish may also make up a substantial proportion of the diet and mammals, birds and reptiles are also taken in some cases (Chanin 2003). Typically otters favour lowland streams, over 2 m wide (Chanin 1993) favouring those with dense aquatic vegetation in the channel margins (Bailey & Rochford 2006). However, otters are also found in a wide variety of other aquatic habitats including slow-flowing coarse fish rivers, faster salmon and trout waters, lakes, gravel-pits, tarns, fresh and salt-marshes, ditches, and in some areas along the seashore (Wayre 1979, Jefferies & Woodroffe 2008). Otters may also occasionally frequent very small streams (in winter months when lakes freeze over, and hunting becomes restricted to flowing water (Chanin 1993)) and even dry watercourses (Jefferies et al. 1986, Chanin 2001) but more often the latter are merely used as commuting routes between larger waterbodies, and these ______

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Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (in association with G1 and/or G2); • B5 – Grassland and marsh / Marsh/marshy grassland (freshwater marsh); • F – Swamp, marginal and inundation; • G1 – Open water / Standing water (lakes, fishing waters, gravel-pits and tarns); • G2 – Open water / Running water (streams, rivers and ditches); • H – Coastland; and • H2 – Coastland / Saltmarsh.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Otters are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

No potentially suitable habitat exists within The Site.

Pine marten Martes martes

Legal and conservation status

Pine martens are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receive full legal protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-sections (1) and (4)(a- c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, if any person intentionally kills, injures or takes any wild animal included in Schedule 5, he shall be guilty of an offence.

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (a) he damages or destroys any structure or place which any wild animal specified in Schedule 5 uses for shelter or protection; (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

Pine martens are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006. ______

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Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Pine martens are mostly arboreal, with woodland and scrub as favoured habitat, generally avoiding habitats lacking in tree and shrub cover (such as pasture), but sometimes occupying more open and rocky ground where there are pockets of tree or scrub cover (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). Dens are associated with old growth woodland features and associated tree cavities or hollows, and it has been suggest that a scarcity of suitable features for use as natal dens may limit breeding success (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland; • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; and • I1 – Rock exposure and waste / Natural.

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Pine martens are not known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

N/A.

Polecat Mustela putorius

Conservation status

Polecats are listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and as a Local BAP Priority Species.

Habitat niche and equivalent Phase 1 habitats

Polecats have a distribution bias toward Wales and the Midlands. The species is associated with wetland and riparian vegetation, but also occurs on woodland edge habitat, woodland copse, on field boundaries and near disused farm buildings (during winter), generally avoiding open fields and suburban areas (Burton 1968, Harris & Yalden 2008). Dens are made of dry grass, and are often located in any suitable holes including fox earths, rabbit burrows or natural rock crevices (Burton 1968).

Equivalent Phase 1 habitats comprise: - • A1 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland (edge/copse); • A2 – Woodland and scrub / Scrub; • B – Grassland and marsh (field boundaries, but avoids open fields);

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• F – Swamp, marginal and inundation; • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed land / Arable (field boundaries, but avoids open fields); • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge and trees; and • J3.6 – Miscellaneous / Built-up areas / Buildings (disused farm buildings).

Assessment of site location against species distribution

Polecats are known to occur in Suffolk.

Assessment of species habitat preference against The Site Phase 1 survey

Potentially suitable habitats exist within The Site comprising: - • A1.1.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Broadleaved / Plantation; • A1.3.2 – Woodland and scrub / Woodland / Mixed / Plantation; • B2.2 – Grassland and marsh / Neutral grassland / Semi-improved; • B4 – Grassland and marsh / Improved grassland; • J1.1 – Miscellaneous / Cultivated/disturbed ground / Arable; • J2.1 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Intact hedge; and • J2.3 – Miscellaneous / Boundaries / Hedge with trees.

References

Red squirrel

Barrett-Hamilton G, Wilson E, Dollman J & Martin A 1883. A history of British mammals: Vol II Land Mammals. Gurney and Jackson, London Burton M 1968. Wild Animals of the British Isles. Wayside and Woodland Series. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton Street P 1961. Mammals in the British Isles. Robert Hale Limited, London

Common dormouse

Bright P & MacPherson D 2002. Hedgerow Management, Dormice and Biodiversity. English Nature Research Reports No. 454, Natural England, Peterborough Bright P & Morris P 1990. Habitat requirements of Dormice in relation to Woodland management in south-west England. Biological conservation 54: 307-326 Bright P & Morris P 1991. Ranging and nesting behaviour of the dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, in diverse low-growing woodland. J. Zool. 224: 177-190 ______

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Bright P & Morris P 1992. Ranging and nesting behaviour of the dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, in coppice-with-standards woodland. J. Zool. 226: 589-600 Bright P & Morris P 1993. Foraging behaviour of dormice Muscardinus avellanarius in two contrasting habitats. J. Zool. 230: 69-85 Bright P, Morris P & Mitchell-Jones T 2006. The Dormouse Conservation Handbook: Second edition. Natural England, Peterborough Chanin P & Woods M 2003. Surveying dormice using nest tubes. Results and experience from the south west dormouse project. English Nature Research Report 524. Natural England, Peterborough Eden R & Eden S. 1999. Dormice in Dorset - the importance of hedges and scrub. British Wildlife 10: 185-189 Hurrell E & McIntosh G 1984. Mammal Society dormouse survey, January 1975 – April 1979. Mammal Review 14: 1-18 Richards C, White A, Hurrell E & Price F 1984. The food of the common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius), in south Devon. Mammal Review 14: 19-28

Water vole

Bailey M & Rochford J 2006. Otter survey of Ireland 2004/2005. Irish Wildlife Manuals 23. Dublin: National Parks and Wildlife Service Barreto G, Macdonald D & Strachan R 1998. The tightrope hypothesis: an explanation for plummeting water vole numbers in the Thames catchment. In: Bailey R, Jose P & Sherwood B (Eds.) 1998. United Kingdom Floodplains. Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing Lawton J & Woodroffe G 1991. Habitat and distribution of water voles: why are there gaps in a species range? Journal of Animal Ecology 60: 79-91 Moorhouse T, Gelling M & Macdonald D 2009. Effects of habitat quality upon reintroduction success in water voles: Evidence from a replicated experiment. Biological conservation 142: 53-60 Moorhouse T & Macdonald D 2005. Temporal patterns of range-use in water voles: do females territories drift? Journal of Mammology 84: 655-661 Stoddart D 1970. Individual range, dispersion and dispersal in a population of water voles (Arvicola terrestris (L.)). Journal of Animal Ecology 39: 403-425 Strachan R 1998. Water Vole Conservation Handbook. First Edition. Wildlife Conservation research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford Strachan R & Moorhouse T 2006. Water vole Conservation Handbook. Second Edition. Wildlife conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford

Harvest mouse

Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton

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Brown hare

Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton

Mountain hare

Barrett-Hamilton G, Wilson E, Dollman J & Martin A 1883. A history of British mammals: Vol II Land Mammals. Gurney and Jackson, London Burton M 1968. Wild Animals of the British Isles. Wayside and Woodland Series. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton

Hedgehog

Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton

Badger

Delahay R, Wilson G, Harris S & Macdonald D 2008. In: Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, c/o Society of Experimental Biology, Southampton Neal E & Cheeseman C 1996. Badgers. Poyser Natural History, T & AD Poyser Ltd, London Natural England 2009. Protection of Badgers Act 1992 (as amended) Guidance on ‘Current Use’ in the definition of a Badger Sett. Natural England, Peterborough

Otter

Bailey M & Rochford J 2006. Otter survey of Ireland 2004/2005. Irish Wildlife Manuals 23. Dublin: National Parks and Wildlife Service Chanin P 1993. Otters. Whittet Books, London Chanin P 2001. Otter road casualties: a survey of the A30, A38 and M5 in Devon and Cornwall. Unpublished report. London: Highways Agency. Cited in Chanin P 2003. C. Monitoring the Otter Lutra lutra. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Monitoring Series 10. Peterborough: English Nature Chanin P 2003. Ecology of the European Otter. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Ecology Series 10. Peterborough: English Nature Jefferies D, Wayre P, Jessop R and Mitchell-Jones A 1986. Reinforcing the native otter Lutra lutra population in East Anglia – an analysis of the behaviour and range development of the first release group. Mammal Review 16: 65-79 Jefferies D & Woodroffe G 2008. In: Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the ______

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British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, c/o Society of Experimental Biology, Southampton Wayre P 1979. The Private Life of the Otter. B. T. Batsford Ltd, London

Pine marten

Burton M 1968. Wild Animals of the British Isles. Wayside and Woodland Series. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton

Polecat

Burton M 1968. Wild Animals of the British Isles. Wayside and Woodland Series. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, Southampton

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APPENDIX I. A REVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF LEGALLY PROTECTED AND/OR SECTION 41 SPECIES OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTANCE (S41 SPECIES) OF BATS WITHIN LIME KILN FARM.

Of the 18 bat species currently recognised as native to the British Isles, 13 have been recorded in Suffolk comprising: - • Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus; • Serotine Eptesicus serotinus; • Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtii; • Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii; • Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus; • Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri; • Leisler’s bat Nyctalus leisleri; • Noctule Nyctalus noctula; • Nathusius’ pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii; • Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus; • Soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus; • Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus; and • Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros.

In order to provide a predictive assessment of the bat species most likely to be present within The Site, the habitats present were assessed against the known foraging habitat and roost preferences of the 13 bat species known to occur in Suffolk as set out in Harris & Yalden (2008), Dietz et al. (2011) and individual accounts. Table I1 sets out the foraging habitat preferences. Table I2 sets out the spring, summer and autumn roost preferences and Table I3 sets out the winter roost preferences.

Table I1. The typical foraging habitat preference of the 18 bat species currently recognised as native to the British Isles.

DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS THE SITE A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (understorey & riverine) A1.2 Coniferous woodland Broadleaved woodland A2 Scrub understorey, B Grassland and marsh (unimproved - coniferous woodland, pasture & meadow) EPS scrub, unimproved Distribution: Barbastelle C1 Bracken W&CA grassland, bracken, Yes Barbastella G1 Standing water (lake & pond) S41 SPECIES open water, riverine Habitat Present: barbastellus G2 Running water (river & stream) Local BAP habitat, streams & Yes Combination of: large hedgerows J2.1 Intact hedge (large) between improved &/or grassland. J2.3 Hedge and trees (large) both in association with B4 Improved grassland

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS THE SITE A1.1.1 Broadleaved woodland (including edge) B Grassland and marsh (pasture) Combination of: Broadleaved woodland Distribution: Serotine A3 Parkland/scattered trees (treelines) EPS & edge, pasture, Yes Eptesicus J2.1 Intact hedge W&CA meadows, hedgerows Habitat Present: serotinus J2.2 Defunct hedge & treelines. Yes J2.3 Hedge and trees &/or B Grassland and marsh (pasture & meadow)

Closed-canopy broadleaved Distribution: EPS (especially semi- Bechstein’s bat A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (closed- No Myotis W&CA natural) woodland, canopy) Habitat Present: bechsteinii S41 SPECIES above woodland floor N/A & with vegetation-free understory.

A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (including riparian) Deciduous woodland, A1.2.2 Coniferous plantation Distribution: coniferous plantation, woodland EPS Yes Brandt’s bat mixed woodland, A1.3 Mixed woodland (including Myotis brandtii W&CA Habitat Present: grassland & riparian riparian) Yes habitat. B Grassland and marsh (including riparian) G2 Running water (river & stream)

G1 Standing water (still pond & lake) Still or slow-moving G2 Running water (slow-moving freshwater including brook & river) Distribution: Daubenton’s bat ponds, lakes, brooks & EPS With no plant growth on the water Yes Myotis rivers, woodland close W&CA surface Habitat Present: daubentonii to water & riparian in association with No habitat (including A1 Woodland water meadows) B2 Neutral grassland (water-meadow)

A1 Woodland (including riparian) Pasture, woodland, Distribution: Whiskered bat A3 Parkland/scattered trees (urban EPS urban habitat Yes Myotis park) W&CA (parkland) & riparian Habitat Present: mystacinus B Grassland (pasture) habitat. Yes G2 Running water (river & stream)

Distribution: A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (dense) Alcathoe bat EPS Streams in dense No in association with Myotis alcathoe W&CA deciduous woodland. Habitat Present: G2 Running water (stream) N/A A1.1 Broadleaved woodland B4 Improved grassland (pasture & Broadleaved, meadow) Distribution: woodland, improved Natterer's bat EPS Combination of: Yes grassland (pasture & Myotis nattereri W&CA G2 Running water (river) Habitat Present: meadow) and tree- in association with Yes lined river corridors. A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees Deciduous & mixed Distribution: Greater mouse- woodland (preference), A1 Woodland (all types) EPS No eared bat also coniferous B Grassland and marsh (pasture & W&CA Habitat Present: Myotis myotis woodland, pasture & meadow) N/A meadow.

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS THE SITE A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (edge & riparian) A1.2.2 Coniferous plantation Deciduous woodland woodland edge, coniferous A2 Scrub plantation, scrub, A3 Parkland/scattered trees parkland, pasture B Grassland and marsh (cattle-grazed Distribution: (cattle-grazed), small EPS pasture & small ungrazed fields) Yes Leisler’s bat ungrazed fields, drains Nyctalus leisleri W&CA G1 Standing water (lake & drain) Habitat Present: in pasture, lakes, G2 Running water (canal & riparian) Yes canals, riparian habitat, H6 Sand dune sand dunes, arable J1.1 Arable land, golf courses, J1.2 Amenity grassland (golf urban areas & lights. course/urban areas) J3 Built-up areas J5 Other habitat (lights)

EPS Woodland, cattle- A1 Woodland (including riparian) Distribution: Noctule W&CA grazed pasture & B Grassland and marsh (cattle-grazed Yes Nyctalus noctula S41 SPECIES riparian habitat (slow- pasture) Habitat Present: Local BAP moving). G2 Running water (slow-moving) Yes

A1 Woodland (including edge) A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi-natural woodland (riparian) in association with Woodland, edge & Nathusius’ G2 Running water (slow-flowing river Distribution: EPS riparian woodland, pipistrelle & stream) Yes W&CA lakes, ponds, large Pipistrellus A1.1.2 Broadleaved plantation Habitat Present: Local BAP moats, streams, nathusii woodland (orchard) No gardens & orchards. G1 Standing water (lake, pond & large moat (latter in association with hibernation site)) J1.2 Amenity grassland (gardens

A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (canopy, understorey & riparian) A1.2.2 Coniferous plantation woodland Deciduous woodland A1.3 Mixed woodland (canopy & A3 Parkland/scattered trees (suburban understorey), parks) Common Distribution: coniferous plantation, G1 Standing water (lake & pond) pipistrelle EPS Yes mixed woodland, G2 Running water (river & stream) Pipistrellus W&CA Habitat Present: hedgerows between Combination of: pipistrellus Yes grassland or arable, J2.1 Intact hedge riparian habitat & J2.2 Defunct hedge suburban habitat. J2.3 Hedge and trees all in association with B Grassland and marsh &/or J1.1 Arable

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DISTRIBUTION LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 & HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN STATUS THE SITE A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (understorey & riparian) A1.2 Coniferous woodland A1.3 Mixed woodland Riparian woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees (suburban (understorey) & parks) habitat, deciduous Soprano EPS G1 Standing water (lake & pond) Distribution: woodland, coniferous W&CA G2 Running water (river & stream) Yes pipistrelle woodland, mixed Pipistrellus S41 SPECIES Combination of: Habitat Present: woodland, hedgerows pygmaeus Local BAP J2.1 Intact hedge Yes between grassland or J2.2 Defunct hedge arable & suburban J2.3 Hedge and trees habitat. all in association with B Grassland and marsh &/or J1.1 Arable EPS A1.1 Broadleaved woodland Distribution: Brown long- W&CA Broadleaved woodland J2.1 Intact hedge Yes eared bat Plecotus auritus S41 SPECIES & hedgerows. J2.2 Defunct hedge Habitat Present: Local BAP J2.3 Hedge and trees Yes Combination of: B2.1 Neutral unimproved grassland B2.2 Neutral semi-improved grassland B4 Improved grassland all of which must be cattle/sheep- Grey long-eared Meadows divided by Distribution: grazed and divided by EPS tall hedges with trees, No bat J2.3 Hedge and trees (tall) Plecotus W&CA riparian vegetation & Habitat Present: Secondary use of: austriacus broadleaved woodland. N/A G1 Standing water (lake & pond) G2 Running water (river) Tertiary use of: A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (including orchards) A1.1 Broadleaved woodland (edge) A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi-natural woodland (ancient edge) Broadleaved woodland adjacent to (including ancient) B2.1 Neutral unimproved grassland edge adjacent to cattle- Greater B2.2 Neutral semi-improved grassland Distribution: EPS , sheep-, horse- or horseshoe bat B4 Improved grassland No W&CA mixed-grazed pasture Rhinolophus which ideally should be cattle-, Habitat Present: S41 SPECIES & meadows (ungrazed ferrumequinum sheep-, horse- or mixed-grazed (but N/A & aftermath grazing), also uses ungrazed meadow), with both divided by large dung left in fields and which are hedgerows. divided by tall J2.1 Intact hedges J2.3 Hedges and trees Broadleaved woodland A1.1 Broadleaved woodland EPS Distribution: Lesser (including canopy), (including canopy) horseshoe-bat W&CA Yes tree lines, hedges with G1 Standing water (lake & pond) Rhinolophus S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: mature trees & riparian G2 Running water (river) hipposideros Local BAP Yes habitat. J2.3 Hedge and trees (mature)

Table I2. The typical spring, summer and autumn roost preferences exhibited by the 18 bat species currently recognised as native to the British Isles.

DISTRIBUTION & LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN THE STATUS SITE EPS Distribution: Barbastelle A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi-natural W&CA Trees in woodland & Yes Barbastella woodland S41 SPECIES parkland. Habitat Present: barbastellus A3 Parkland/scattered trees (in B4) Local BAP Yes

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DISTRIBUTION & LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN THE STATUS SITE Distribution: Serotine I1.1 Inland cliff EPS Yes Eptesicus Cliffs & buildings. I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) W&CA Habitat Present: serotinus J3.6 Buildings No Distribution: Bechstein’s bat EPS A1 Woodland No Myotis W&CA Trees. A3 Parkland/scattered trees Habitat Present: bechsteinii S41 SPECIES J2.3 Hedge and trees N/A A1 Woodland Distribution: A3 Parkland/scattered trees EPS Trees, buildings & Yes Brandt’s bat J2.3 Hedge and trees Myotis brandtii W&CA bridges. Habitat Present: J3.6 Buildings Yes J5 Other habitat (bridge) A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees Distribution: Daubenton’s bat Myotis EPS Trees, caves, I1.5 Cave Yes daubentonii W&CA buildings & bridges. J2.3 Hedge and trees Habitat Present: J3.6 Buildings Yes J5 Other habitat (bridge) Distribution: Whiskered bat EPS Yes Myotis Buildings. J3.6 Buildings mystacinus W&CA Habitat Present: No Distribution: A1 Woodland EPS No Alcathoe bat Trees. A3 Parkland/scattered trees Myotis alcathoe W&CA Habitat Present: J2.3 Hedge and trees N/A A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees Distribution: Natterer's bat EPS Trees, cliffs & I1.1 Inland cliff Yes Myotis nattereri W&CA buildings. I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) Habitat Present: J2.3 Hedge and trees Yes J3.6 Buildings Distribution: Greater mouse- EPS I1.5 Cave No eared bat Caves & buildings. Myotis myotis W&CA J3.6 Buildings Habitat Present: N/A A1 Woodland Distribution: EPS A3 Parkland/scattered trees Yes Leisler’s bat Trees & buildings. Nyctalus leisleri W&CA J2.3 Hedge and trees Habitat Present: J3.6 Buildings Yes EPS Distribution: A1 Woodland Noctule W&CA Yes Trees. A3 Parkland/scattered trees Nyctalus noctula S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: J2.3 Hedge and trees Local BAP Yes Nathusius’ A1 Woodland Distribution: EPS pipistrelle A3 Parkland/scattered trees Yes W&CA Trees & buildings. Pipistrellus J2.3 Hedge and trees Habitat Present: Local BAP nathusii J3.6 Buildings No Common Distribution: EPS Chapels, churches & Yes pipistrelle J3.6 Buildings Pipistrellus W&CA houses. Habitat Present: pipistrellus No Soprano EPS Distribution: Chapels, churches & W&CA Yes pipistrelle houses (including J3.6 Buildings Pipistrellus S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: modern). pygmaeus Local BAP No EPS A1 Woodland Distribution: Brown long- W&CA A3 Parkland/scattered trees Yes eared bat Trees & buildings. Plecotus auritus S41 SPECIES J2.3 Hedge and trees Habitat Present: Local BAP J3.6 Buildings Yes Grey long-eared Distribution: bat EPS Old buildings & No J3.6 Buildings (old & churches) Plecotus W&CA churches. Habitat Present: austriacus N/A

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DISTRIBUTION & LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN THE STATUS SITE Greater I1.5 Cave Distribution: EPS Natural cave systems, horseshoe bat I2.3 Mine No W&CA mines, large old Rhinolophus J3.6 Buildings (large old) Habitat Present: S41 SPECIES buildings & cellars. ferrumequinum J3.6 Buildings (cellar) N/A A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi-natural woodland EPS Natural cave systems, Distribution: Lesser A3 Parkland/scattered trees W&CA mines, large old Yes horseshoe-bat I1.5 Cave Rhinolophus S41 SPECIES buildings & cellars, Habitat Present: I2.3 Mine hipposideros Local BAP rarely trees. Yes J3.6 Buildings (large old) J3.6 Buildings (cellar)

Table I3. The typical winter roost preferences exhibited by the 18 bat species currently recognised as native to the British Isles.

DISTRIBUTION & LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN THE STATUS SITE A1.1.1 Broadleaved semi-natural EPS Distribution: Barbastelle Trees in woodland woodland W&CA Yes Barbastella & parkland, & A3 Parkland/scattered trees (in B4) S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: barbastellus cliffs. I1.1 Inland cliff Local BAP Yes I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) I1.1 Inland cliff Distribution: Serotine I1.5 Cave EPS Cliffs, caves, Yes Eptesicus I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) W&CA buildings & cellars. Habitat Present: serotinus J3.6 Buildings No J3.6 Buildings (cellar) Distribution: EPS Bechstein’s bat No Myotis W&CA Caves. I1.5 Cave Habitat Present: bechsteinii S41 SPECIES N/A Distribution: I1.5 Cave EPS Caves, mines & Yes Brandt’s bat I2.3 Mine Myotis brandtii W&CA cellars. Habitat Present: J3.6 Buildings (cellar) No I1.1 Inland cliff I1.2 Scree I1.5 Cave Distribution: Daubenton’s bat Cliffs, scree, caves, EPS I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) Yes Myotis mines, cellars & W&CA I2.2 Quarry spoil Habitat Present: daubentonii bridges. I2.3 Mine No J3.6 Buildings (cellar) J5 Other habitat (bridge) Distribution: Whiskered bat I1.5 Cave EPS Caves, mines & Yes Myotis I2.3 Mine W&CA cellars. Habitat Present: mystacinus J3.6 Buildings (cellar) No Distribution: Alcathoe bat EPS No Caves. I1.5 Cave Myotis alcathoe W&CA Habitat Present: N/A Distribution: I1.2 Scree Natterer's bat EPS Scree, caves & Yes I1.5 Cave Myotis nattereri W&CA quarry spoil. Habitat Present: I2.2 Quarry spoil No Distribution: Greater mouse- EPS No eared bat Caves. I1.5 Cave Myotis myotis W&CA Habitat Present: N/A

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DISTRIBUTION & LEGAL AND/OR EQUIVALENT PHASE 1 HABITAT SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT NICHE HABITATS PRESENT IN THE STATUS SITE Distribution: A1 Woodland Leisler’s bat EPS Yes Trees. A3 Parkland/scattered trees Nyctalus leisleri W&CA Habitat Present: J2.3 Hedge and trees Yes A1 Woodland EPS Distribution: A3 Parkland/scattered trees Noctule W&CA Yes Trees & cliffs. I1.1 Inland cliff Nyctalus noctula S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) Local BAP Yes J2.3 Hedge and trees Nathusius’ Distribution: EPS pipistrelle Yes W&CA No data. No data. Pipistrellus Habitat Present: Local BAP nathusii No data A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees I1.1 Inland cliff Distribution: Common Trees, cliffs, caves, pipistrelle EPS I1.5 Cave Yes stone walls & Pipistrellus W&CA I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) Habitat Present: buildings. pipistrellus J2.3 Hedge and trees Yes J2.5 Wall (rough stone only) J3.6 Buildings A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees Soprano EPS I1.1 Inland cliff Distribution: Trees, cliffs, caves, W&CA I1.5 Cave Yes pipistrelle stone walls & Pipistrellus S41 SPECIES I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) Habitat Present: buildings. pygmaeus Local BAP J2.3 Hedge and trees Yes J2.5 Wall (rough stone only) J3.6 Buildings A1 Woodland A3 Parkland/scattered trees EPS I1.1 Inland cliff Distribution: Brown long- W&CA Trees, cliffs, caves, I1.5 Cave Yes eared bat Plecotus auritus S41 SPECIES mines & buildings. I2.1 Quarry (hard-stone) Habitat Present: Local BAP I2.3 Mine Yes J2.3 Hedge and trees J3.6 Buildings Grey long-eared Distribution: EPS I1.5 Cave No bat Caves & cellars. Plecotus W&CA J3.6 Buildings (cellar) Habitat Present: austriacus N/A Greater Distribution: EPS Natural cave I1.5 Cave horseshoe bat No W&CA systems, mines & I2.3 Mine Rhinolophus Habitat Present: S41 SPECIES cellars. J3.6 Buildings (cellar) ferrumequinum N/A EPS Distribution: Lesser Natural cave I1.5 Cave horseshoe-bat W&CA Yes systems, mines & I2.3 Mine Rhinolophus S41 SPECIES Habitat Present: cellars. J3.6 Buildings (cellar) hipposideros Local BAP No

Key: - • W&CA – Species is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (& as amended) and receives protection under Part 1, Section 9, sub-section (4)(b & c) which states:

Subject to the provisions of this Part, a person is guilty of an offence if intentionally or recklessly— (b) he disturbs any such animal while it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection; or (c) he obstructs access to any structure or place which any such animal uses for shelter or protection.

• EPS – Species is listed under Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 making it a European Protected Species. Part 3, regulation 41, paragraph (1) of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 states that:

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A person who— (a) deliberately captures, injures or kills any wild animal of a European protected species, (b) deliberately disturbs wild animals of any such species, (c) deliberately takes or destroys the eggs of such an animal, or (d) damages or destroys a breeding site or resting place of such an animal,

is guilty of an offence.

• S41 SPECIES – Species is listed as a Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

References

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Flanders J & Jones G 2009. Roost use, ranging behaviour, and diet of greater horseshoe-bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) using a transitional roost. Journal of Mammalogy 90(4): 888-896 Gelhaus M & Zahn A 2010. Roosting ecology, phenology and foraging habitats of a nursery colony of Pipistrellus nathusii in the southwestern part of its reproduction range. Vespertilio 13-14: 93-102 Gerell R 1981. Bat conservation in Sweden. Myotis 18-19: 11-15 Harris S & Yalden D (Eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society: Southampton Jones G & Morton M 1992. Radio tracking studies on habitat use by greater horseshoe-bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) In: Priede I & Swift S (eds.) Wildlife telemetry: remote monitoring and tracking of animals. Ellis Horwood. Chichester Kronwitter F 1988. Population structure, habitat use and activity patterns of the noctule bat, (Nyctalus noctula) Schreb. 1774 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) revealed by radio tracking. Myotis 26: 23-85 Mackie I & Racey P 2007. Habitat use varies with reproductive state in noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula): Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 140: 70-77 Motte G & Libois R 2002. Conservation of the lesser horseshoe-bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros Bechstein, 1800) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Belgium. A case study of feeding habitat requirements. Belgium Journal of Zoology 132(1): 47-52 Murphy S, Greenaway F & Hill D 2012. Patterns of habitat use by female brown long-eared bats presage negative impacts of woodland conservation management. Journal of Zoology 288: 177-183 Natural England 2012. Further research on the barbastelle bat, Holnicote National Trust Estate, Exmoor, North Somerset. Natural England Research Reports – Unpublished. Greena Ecological Consultancy, Somerset Nyholm E 1965. The ecology of Myotis mystacinus (Leisl.) and Myotis daubentonii. Annales Zoologici Fennici 2: 77-123 Cited in: Harris S & Yalden D (eds.) 2008. Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition. The Mammal Society, London Plank M, Fiedler K & Reiter G 2012. Use of forest strata by bats in temperate forests. Journal of Zoology (London) 286: 154-162 Rachwald A 1992. Habitat preference and activity of the noctule bat Nyctalus noctula in the Bialowieża Primeval Forest. Acta Theriologica 37(4): 413-422 Razgour O, Hanmer J & Jones G 2011. Using multi-scale modelling to predict habitat suitability for species of conservation concern: The grey long-eared bat as a case study. Biological Conservation 144: 2922-2930 Robinson M & Stebbings R 1997. Home range and habitat use by the serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus, in England. Journal of Zoology (London) 243: 117-136 Robinson M, Webber M & Stebbings R 2000. Species Recovery Programme – Dispersal and foraging behaviour of greater horseshoe bats, Brixham, Devon. English Nature Research Reports No. 344. Natural England, Peterborough Shiel C, Shiel R & Fairley J 1999. Seasonal changes in the foraging behaviour of Leisler’s bats (Nyctalus leisleri) in Ireland as revealed by radio-telemetry. J. Zool., Lond. 249, 347- ______

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