The Napoleon Series British Infantry Regiments and the Men Who Led Them 1793-1815 By Steve Brown 44th Regiment of Foot Secondary Title: East Essex

Regimental History, 44th Regiment of Foot 1741: Raised as James Long's Regiment of Foot 1750: Halkett's Regiment of Foot 1751: Numbered as 44th Regiment of Foot 1782: Secondary title - East Essex 1803: 9 July - 2nd Battalion formed in Ireland 1816: 25 January - 2nd Battalion disbanded at Dover 1881: 1st Battalion, Essex Regiment 1958: 3rd Battalion, East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot) on amalgamation with The Bedfordshire Regiment and The Hertfordshire Regiment 1964: 3rd Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment on amalgamation with 1st East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk), 2nd East Anglian Regiment (Duchess of Gloucester's Own Royal Lincolnshire and ) and The Royal Leicesterhire Regiment 1992: 3rd Battalion disbanded

Service History and Demographics, 1st Battalion 44th Regiment of Foot 1793: Ireland - Dublin; September - Kilkenny; flank companies to Barbados 1794: Flank companies at Martinique, St Lucia and Guadeloupe; battalion companies in Ireland; April - Dublin; to England; Liverpool; June - to Flanders; Ostend; Malines; Breda; Boxtel; line of the River Waal 1795: Retreat to Bremen; Bremenlee; April - to England; Harwich; Durham; Newcastle Upon Tyne; November - to Barbados; storms in English Channel 1796: February - part of battalion Barbados; April - remainder of battalion arrived; capture of St Lucia; Morne Fortunee; La Vigie 1797: West Indies; June - fit men drafted into 87th Foot; to England; July - Portsmouth; Gravesend 1798: Bury St Edmunds; May - Canterbury; October - Portsmouth; to Gibraltar 1799: Gibraltar 1800: Gibraltar; October - to Egypt; Bay of Marmorice 1801: February - EGYPT; Aboukir; Alexandria; Cairo; seige of Alexandria; October - Malta; December - to England 1802: May - Bristol; to Ireland; Waterford 1803: Wexford; New Geneva; Waterford; October - to England; Portsmouth 1804: Winchester; April - Isle of Wight; August - Shorncliff; September - Fairlight; November - Battle 1805: Battle; April - Hilsea; May - to Mediterranean; Malta 1806: Malta 1807: Malta | 11% English/Welsh, 3% Scots, 86% Irish 1808: Malta; May - flank companies to Sicily; September - battalion companies to Sicily 1809: Sicily; June - Ischia; Procida; August - Sicily; Messina; Scylla; September - detachment to Ionian Islands 1810: Messina 1811: Messina; March - Salvadore dei Greci; August - to Malta 1812: Malta; June - five companies to Sicily 1813: Malta; February - battalion reunited; May - five companies to Sicily; Minorca; to east coast of Spain; Tarragona; September - remaining five companies to Spain 1814: Tarragona; March - Villafranca; Saragossa; April - to France; Bourdeaux; June - to North America; Chesapeake; Washington; BLADENSBURG; Baltimore; to West Indies; October - Jamaica; to Louisiana 1815: New Orleans; Fort Bowyer; to Ireland; May - Cork.

Service History and Demographics, 2nd Battalion 44th Regiment of Foot 1803: July - formed in Ireland from Irish Army of Reserve Act men; Kilkenny 1804: Mallow; March - to England; April - Isle of Wight; August - Sandown; October - Guernsey 1805: Guernsey 1806: Guernsey 1807: Guernsey 1808: Guernsey | 8% English/Welsh, 1% Scots, 91% Irish 1809: Guernsey; August - Alderney 1810: Alderney; March - to Cadiz; Isla de Leon; September - to Portugal; Lisbon; Lines of Torres Vedras 1811: Torres Vedras; Fort Concepcion; Barba del Puerco; Nava de Aver; Caya; Portalegre; Guarda; Villa de Rey; Oliveirinha 1812: Ciudad Rodrigo; BADAJOZ; SALAMANCA; August - Madrid; Burgos; Villa Muriel; Castellegos; December - St Martinha 1813: February - fit men into four companies, remaining six to England; into Provisional Battalion with 2/30th Foot; June - to England; July - Portsmouth; Horsham; Brighton, Steyning; November - Ramsgate; to Flanders; Tholen 1814: Antwerp; Merxcem; March - Bergen-op-Zoom - most of battalion taken POW; May - Ostend; POWs released 1815: Ostend; April - Brussels; Quatre Bras; WATERLOO; advance on Paris; Army of Occupation 1816: January - Calais; to England; Dover; March - disbanded at Dover.

Page 1 of 6 Placed on The Napoleon Series December 2014 The Napoleon Series

Significant Militia/Volunteer Intakes: (militia units unless noted otherwise) 1799: 2nd 1801: 1st Devonshire 1804: Received Additional Fores Act men from County Kildare, County Wicklow, County Carlow, County Westmeath, King’s County and Queens County 1807: Queen's County 1808: County Down South 1810: County Tipperary 1811: Worcestershire 1812: West ; Worcestershire; County Wicklow 1813: 1st Lancashire; West Kent; County Clare; County Longford

Colonels

Charles RAINSFORD Born: Essex 1728 Regimental Service: Captain & Lieutenant-Colonel in Coldstream Foot Guards 5 March 1761; 2nd Major in 1st Foot Guards 1763; Colonel of 44th Foot 4 May 1781 Early Service: Served at Fontenoy; served in Jacobite Rebellion; Governor of Chester 1776-1796; Governor of Gibraltar 1794-1795 Service 1793-1815: Governor of Tynemouth and Cliffords Fort 1795-1809 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 5 August 1774; Major-General 29 August 1777; Lieutenant-General 20 November 1782; General 3 May 1796 Awards & Honours: MP 1772-1774, 1787-1788, 1790-1796 Died: London 24 May 1809.

Sir Thomas TRIGGE Born: 1741 Regimental Service: Major in 12th Foot 17 November 1773; Lieutenant-Colonel 6 June 1778; Colonel of 68th Foot 25 March 1795; Colonel en Second RE 6 November 1804; Colonel of 44th Foot 27 May 1809 Early Service: Served in Germany 1759-1762; served at the Great Siege of Gibraltar; commanded ground troops at capture of Surinam 1799 and The Saints 1801 Service 1793-1815: Governor of Portsmouth 1790; Lieutenant-Governor of Gibraltar 1803-1804; Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance 1804-1814 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 20 November 1782; Major-General 12 October 1793; Lieutenant-General 1 January 1798; General 25 September 1803 Awards & Honours: KB Died: London 11 January 1814.

John Howard, Earl of SUFFOLK Born: 1739 Relations: Son of Captain Philip Howard, HM Marines Regimental Service: Captain & Lieutenant-Colonel in 1st Foot Guards May 1773; Colonel of 97th Foot 13 September 1782; Colonel of 70th Foot 16 August 1783; Colonel of 44th Foot 12 January 1814 Early Service: Served in North America 1779-1781 Service 1793-1815: Governor of Londonderry and Culmore 1806-1820 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 17 November 1780; Major-General 28 September 1787; Lieutenant-General 26 January 1789; General 29 April 1802 Awards & Honours: 15th Earl of Suffolk in 1783; FRS Died: 23 January 1820.

Lieutenant-Colonels

William John DARBY Regimental Service: Major in 7th Foot 10 August 1780; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 13 June 1789 Early Service: Served in American Revolution Service 1793-1815: Commanded 44th Foot 1789-1793 Retired: 26 November 1793.

Robert RIDDELL Regimental Service: Major in 18th Light Dragoons 31 March 1793; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 26 November 1793 (vice Darby) Service 1793-1815: Commanded 44th Foot 1793-1796 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel in West Indies 20 October 1796 Died: St Lucia 27 September 1796.

David OGILVIE Relations: Second son of Sir William Ogilvie of Inverquharity Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 1794; Lieutenant-Colonel 1 September 1795 Service 1793-1815: Commanded 44th Foot 1796-1801; served in West Indies; served in Egypt, wounded at Alexandria Died: Died of wounds at Alexandria 4 April 1801.

Page 2 of 6 Placed on The Napoleon Series December 2014 The Napoleon Series

Charles BAILLIE Regimental Service: Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 27 August 1794; Lieutenant-Colonel in 101st Foot 22 October 1794 (on transfer from 67th Foot); on half-pay 1795; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 18 January 1797 (vice Riddell); exchanged to Lieutenant- Colonel in 50th Foot 25 July 1798; Lieutenant-Colonel in 51st Foot 6 September 1798; Colonel of 3rd Ceylon Regiment 7 April 1804 Service 1793-1815: Served in Ceylon 1804-1810 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 1 January 1800; Brigadier-General in Ceylon 31 July 1806; Major-General 25 April 1808 Died: 1810.

Francis ERSKINE Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 912 Regimental Service: Major in 50th Foot 1 September 1795; Lieutenant-Colonel in 96th Foot 2 January 1796; exchanged to Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 25 July 1798 (vice Baillie); exchanged to half-pay of 99th Foot 24 January 1799 Died: 7 June 1833.

Christopher TILSON (CHOWNE) Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 207 Born: 1771 Relations: Took Chowne surname 14 January 1812 Regimental Service: Lieutenant-Colonel in 99th Foot 15 November 1794; to half-pay of 99th Foot; exchanged to Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 24 January 1799 (vice Erskine); Colonel of 76th Foot 17 February 1814 Service 1793-1815: Wounded in Egypt 1801; commanded brigades in Peninsula April to December 1809; commanded 2nd Division in Peninsula April to December 1812 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 1 January 1801; Brigadier-General in Mediterranean 25 March 25 March 1805; Major- General 25 April 1808; Lieutenant-General 4 June 1813; General 22 July 1830 Awards & Honours: LAGM (Tal) Died: London 15 July 1834.

Kenneth MacKENZIE Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 392 Born: Dundee 1754 Relations: Changed surname to Douglas in 1831 Regimental Service: Major in 90th Foot 13 May 1794; brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 19 October 1798; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 5 April 1801 (vice Ogilvie); exchanged to Lieutenant-Colonel in 52nd Foot Early Service: Served in West Indies 1788-1791 Service 1793-1815: Served in Flanders 1793 – wounded at Dunkirk; served at Quiberon 1795; commanded a flank battalion in Portugal 1797; Deputy Adjutant-General in Mediterranean 1798 to 1800; trainer of light infantry at Shorncliffe; served at Cadiz 1810; served on staff in Flanders 1813 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 25 April 1808; subsequently Major-General 4 June 1811; Lieutenant-General 19 July 1821 Awards & Honours: Baronet Douglas of Glenbervie in 1831 Retired: After fall from horse November 1803, reinstated in 1810, retired again 1813 Died: London 22 November 1833.

Alexander DIROM Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 231 Born: Banffshire 1757 Regimental Service: Major in 52nd Foot 3 September 1795; exchanged to Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 24 February 1803 (vice MacKenzie) Early Service: Served in West Indies 1780-1784; served in India 1790-1792 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 29 April 1802; Brigadier-General in Mediterranean 28 May 1807; Major-General 25 October 1809; Lieutenant-General 4 June 1814 Awards & Honours: FRS Died: Dumfries 6 October 1830.

Thomas NICOLL Born: 1768 Regimental Service: Major in 70th Foot 1 September 1795; brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 1 January 1798; Lieutenant-Colonel 9 August 1799; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 8 October 1803 Service 1793-1815: Commanded 2/45th Foot 1803-1804 Retired: 15 June 1804.

Page 3 of 6 Placed on The Napoleon Series December 2014 The Napoleon Series

Sir Arthur BROOKE Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 569 Born: County Fermanagh 1772 Relations: Younger brother of Sir Henry Brooke, Bt.; great granduncle of WW2 Field-Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 26 December 1802 (vice Johnstone); Lieutenant-Colonel 15 June 1804 (vice Nicoll); Colonel of 86th Foot 24 May 1837 Service 1793-1815: Served in Flanders 1793-1795; served in West Indies 1796; served in Egypt 1801; commanded 1/44th Foot in Mediterranean 1804-1812; served in Peninsula August 1813 to April 1814; served in North America 1814-1815 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 4 June 1813; Major-General 12 August 1819; Lieutenant-General 10 January 1837 Later Service: Governor of Yarmouth 1822-1825 Awards & Honours: KCB Died: London 26 July 1843.

Robert GARDEN Regimental Service: Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 1 January 1798; Major in 54th Foot 5 January 1799; to half-pay of 54th Foot 25 July 1802; Lieutenant-Colonel in 10th Battalion of Reserve 16 January 1804; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 1 December 1804; to Lieutenant-Colonel in 89th Foot 5 January 1809 Service 1793-1815: Inspecting Field Officer of Yeomanry 1803; commanded 2/44th Foot 1804-1809 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 25 April 1808 Died: 30 June 1810.

Sir Charles Bulkeley EGERTON Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 529 Born: Cheshire 1774 Regimental Service: Major in 89th Foot 1 June 1798; Lieutenant-Colonel in 9th Foot 14 November 1802; exchanged to Lieutenant- Colonel in 44th Foot 5 January 1809 (vice Garden); Inspecting Field Officer of Militia in Canada 22 August 1811; Colonel of 89th Foot 26 September 1837 Service 1793-1815: Served as a marine officer at Glorious 1st of June; served in Irish Rebellion 1798; served on Malta 1800; served in Egypt 1801; commanded 2/44th Foot in Peninsula June 1810 to September 1811; commanded a brigade in 5th Division March and April 1811 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 4 June 1811; Major-General 4 June 1814; Lieutenant-General 22 July 1830; General 9 November 1846 Awards & Honours: GCMG; KCH; MGSM (FDO); NGSM (1 June) Died: London 8 July 1857.

Hon. George CARLETON Born: Oxfordshire 1781 Relations: Second son of General Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester Regimental Service: Lieutenant-Colonel 28 January 1808; Lieutenant-Colonel in 44th Foot 22 August 1811 (vice Egerton) Service 1793-1815: Inspecting Field Officer in Canada; commanded 2/44th Foot in Peninsula December 1811 to April 1812, wounded at Badajoz; commanded 2/44th Foot in Flanders 1814 Awards & Honours: SAGM (Bad) Died: Killed in action at Bergen-op-Zoom 8 March 1814.

John Millett HAMMERTON Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 1016 Born: 1777 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 15 June 1804 (vice Brooke); brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 4 June 1811; Lieutenant-Colonel 31 March 1814 (vice Carleton); to half-pay 25 March 1816; Colonel of 55th Foot 1848 Service 1793-1815: Served in Flanders 1794; served in West Indies 1796; served in Egypt 1801; commanded 2/44th Foot in Belgium 1814-1815; commanded 2/44th Foot and wounded at Quatre Bras Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 27 May 1825; Major-General 10 January 1837; Lieutenant-General 9 November 1846; General 20 June 1854 Awards & Honours: CB Died: Clonmel 28 January 1855.

Hon. Thomas MULLINS Born: County Kerry c.1770 Relations: Son of 1st Baron Ventry Regimental Service: Captain in 44th Foot 9 July 1803; brevet Major 1 January 1805; brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 1 January 1812 Service 1793-1815: Served in Peninsula August 1813 to April 1814; served in North America 1814-1815 Retired: Cashiered 1 August 1815 after New Orleans Died: February 1823.

Page 4 of 6 Placed on The Napoleon Series December 2014 The Napoleon Series

Majors

Bryan BLUNDELL Born: Liverpool 1757 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 4 April 1783; brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 18 November 1790; Lieutenant-Colonel in 45th Foot 20 May 1795 Service 1793-1815: Commanded battalion of light infantry under Grey in West Indies 1794-1795 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 21 August 1795; Major-General Died: Exeter 23 September 1799.

Sir Rufane Shaw DONKIN Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 384 Born: Northumberland 1773 Relations: Son of General Robert Donkin Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 1 September 1795; to Lieutenant-Colonel in 11th Foot Service 1793-1815: Served in West Indies 1794; served at Ostend 1798; served at Copenhagen 1807; Assistant Quartermaster- General in Portugal August 1808 to January 1809; commanded brigade in 3rd Division June to November 1809; Quartermaster- General on east coast of Spain July 1812 to September 1813 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 25 April 1808; Major-General 4 June 1811 Later Service: Served in Mahratta War 1817-1818; Acting Governor of Cape of Good Hope 1820-1821; Surveyor-General of the Ordnance 1835-1841 Awards & Honours: SAGM (Tal); GCH; KCB; FRS; FRGS; MP 1832-1837, 1839-1841 Died: Committed suicide at Southampton 1 May 1841.

Edward WILSON Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 21 October 1795 Died: 1796.

Alexander MALL Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 17 January 1797 (on transfer from 3rd West India Regiment); brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 1 January 1798 Retired: December 1801.

George JOHNSTONE Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 544 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 24 May 1798; to Lieutenant-Colonel in 58th Foot 27 November 1802; Lieutenant-Colonel in New Brunswick Fencible Infantry 9 July 1803; exchanged to Lieutenant-Colonel in 93rd Foot 3 May 1810 Service 1793-1815: Commanded a brigade in Waterloo campaign; at Hal on 18 June Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 1 January 1812; Major-General 4 June 1814 Died: Edinburgh 1825.

Sir Charles PHILLIPS Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 533 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 14 January 1802 (vice Mall); brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 9 March 1803 Service 1793-1815: Deputy Quartermaster-General on Malta 1803; served on Mediterranean staff 1803-1815 Brevets & Staff Service: Brevet Colonel 1 January 1812; Major-General 4 June 1814 Awards & Honours: Knight of St Januarius

Henry POULETT Regimental Service: Major in 20th Foot; Major in 44th Foot 9 July 1803; to Lieutenant-Colonel in 7th Garrison Battalion Service 1793-1815: Served at Helder 1799, wounded twice; served and wounded at Maida; wounded at St Euphemia Later Service: Captain of Carisbrook Castle Died: February 1817.

Thomas DANSER Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 9 July 1803 Died: Malta 6 August 1805.

George HARDING Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 1119 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 16 August 1805 (vice Danser); brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 1 January 1812; Lieutenant- Colonel in 99th Foot 1824 Service 1793-1815: Served in Flanders 1794-1795; served in West Indies 1796-1797; served in Peninsula July 1811 to February 1813; wounded at Villa Muriel; wounded and taken POW at Bergen-op-Zoom Awards & Honours: SAGM (Sal) Died: 1829.

Edward GREGORY Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 1235 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 27 November 1806 (vice Poulett); brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 4 June 1813 Service 1793-1815: Served in Flanders 1794-1795; served in West Indies 1795-1797; served in Egypt 1801; served in Peninsula April 1810 to September 1811

Page 5 of 6 Placed on The Napoleon Series December 2014 The Napoleon Series

Fountain ELWIN Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 2027 Born: Surrey 1779 Regimental Service: Major in 44th Foot 31 March 1814 (vice Hamerton) Service 1793-1815: Served in Peninsula September 1813 to April 1814; Assistant Adjutant-General in east Spain Awards & Honours: KC Died: Dulwich 8 December 1846.

George O'MALLEY Royal Military Calendar Entry: No. 1228 Born: Castlebar 1780 Regimental Service: Major in 101st Foot 21 August 1806; Major in 44th Foot 27 April 1815; brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 18 June 1815; Major in 38th Foot 12 August 1819; Lieutenant-Colonel in 88th Foot 2 June 1825 Service 1793-1815: Served as a volunteer in Irish Rebellion; served in Egypt 1801; served in Canada and West Indies; commanded 2/44th Foot at Waterloo, wounded twice Brevets & Staff Service: Major-General 23 November 1841 Awards & Honours: CB Died: London 16 May 1843.

Sources:

WO379/6 - Monthly disposition of the Army, arranged chronologically or by regiment. National Archives.

War Office. Army Lists 1791 to 1818. London: various years.

Carter, Thomas. Historical Record of the Forty-Fourth, or the East Essex Regiment of Foot. London: W. O. Mitchell, 1864.

Gordon, Iain. Bloodline: The Origins and Development of the Regular Formations of the British Army. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2010.

Linch, Kevin Barry. The Recuitment of the British Army 1807-1815. University of Leeds, PhD Thesis, 2001. Used with permission.

McKenna, Michael G. The British Army – And Its Regiments and Battalions. West Chester, Ohio: The Nafziger Collection. 2004.

Philippart, John. The Royal Military Calendar, or Army Service and Commission Book. London: A.J. Valpy, 1820.

Reid, Stuart. Wellington’s Officers, Volume 1. Leigh-On-Sea: Partizan Press, 2008.

Reid, Stuart. Wellington’s Officers, Volume 2. Leigh-On-Sea: Partizan Press, 2009.

Reid, Stuart. Wellington’s Officers, Volume 3. Leigh-On-Sea: Partizan Press, 2011.

17th-18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers. November 2014. National Library of Australia. National Library of Australia

The Napoleon Series – Peninsula Roll Call. November 2014. Napoleon Series

Page 6 of 6 Placed on The Napoleon Series December 2014