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AMCEN/African Union : Guidebook Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa

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AMCEN/African Union : Guidebook Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa Tribute To our friend and brother, the late Mama Konate who died on November 13, 2011, in the line of duty while attending a United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meeting in Bonn, Germany. Mr. Konate was the Chair of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and Chair of the Experts Group of African Ministerial Conference on Environment (AMCEN) during the Fourth Special Session on Climate Change and Rio + 20. Guidebook - Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The AMCEN secretariat wishes to express its deep gratitude particularly to all the chapter lead authors, authors and reviewers who have taken their valuable time to write, provide information and review the chapters. These include: Anya Boyd, Fatma Ben Fadhl, Balgis Osman- Elasha, Ifejika Speranza Chinwe, Oliver Ruppel, Daniel Gwary, Fatou Gaye, Christopher Oludhe, Todd Ngara, Lawrence Agbemabiese, Bubu Jalloh, Babatunde Abiodun, Sunday Leonard, Sumaya Ahmed Zakieldeen, Andrew K. Githeko, Harald Winkler, Laban A. Ogallo, Shem Wandiga, Richard Odingo, John Nganga, Felix Ngana, Denis J. Sonwa, Pius Z. Yanda, Paul V. Desanker, George Manful, Emily Massawa, Salif Diop, Philip G. Oguntunde, Shuaib Lwasa, Dixon Waruinge, Julius Francis, E. Sware, Esmail Elgizouli, Desta Mebratu, Mounkaila Goumandakoye and Robert Wabunoha. A special thank you to Emily Massawa, who, has worked tirelessly to coordinate the process of preparing this Guidebook. We also wish to recognize the editor and designers and the competent and dedicated team at the UNEP Print shop. The AMCEN Secretariat would like also to express its deep appreciation to UNEP for providing scientific and technical guidance. Referencing this report AMCEN, 2011: Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa; A Practical Guide Towards Sustainable Development. ii Guidebook - Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. FOREWORD There is a consensus among scientists, policy makers and development practitioners that climate change poses complex challenges to the development of countries in Africa. Recent scientific information since the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report confirms the world is on course for levels of warming that will be catastrophic for Africa. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emission Gap Report confirms that the current mitigation pledges – unless strengthened – will set the world on course for global warming of between 2.5 to 5°C. Further to this, there is indication that temperature rises are likely to be progressively higher in Africa with other climate related effects such as variability in precipitation patterns and the frequency of extreme weather events placing considerable pressure on livelihoods and economies across the continent. The adequate response to these challenges needs to be aligned with national and regional strategies for development, poverty alleviation, economic growth and the enhancement of human wellbeing, while increasing resilience to the physical impacts of climate change. The African Heads of State and Government meeting at the seventeenth session of the African Union Summit held in July in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, the fourth session of the African Ministerial Conference on Environment held in September 2011 in Bamako, Mali, and most recently the Seventh Session of the Committee on Food Security and Sustainable Development and the Africa Regional Preparatory Conference on Sustainable Development(Rio+20) held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in October 2011, all identified opportunities and challenges in the transition to green economy with links to the achievement of the MDGs, climate change and sustainable development. In recognition of AMCEN’s mandate which includes guidance in respect of key issues related to multilateral environmental agreements, African governments requested that AMCEN should facilitate the provision of information to countries that would assist them towards translating available climate science and current international climate policies in their effort to move towards practical implementation in the context of sustainable development. This Guidebook has therefore been prepared towards this end and will inform on climate change matters including science, governance, technological, financial and capacity building needs as well as opportunities for effective actions towards sustainable development. The Guidebook relies heavily on insights from UN agencies, national governments and African scholars from around the world, and we are grateful for this collaboration. The document has synthesized and integrated relevant material from IPCC and UN reports and other documentation on emerging issues on environment, climate change and development. It is written in a style suitable for policymakers and practitioners and seeks to provide guidance and practical advice on how to address climate change issues in the development and implementation of actions leading to sustainable development. It is my hope that this Guidebook will meet the expectations of African countries contributing to their efforts to combat climate change. Hon. Prof. Tièmoko Sangare. Minister of Environment and Sanitation, Mali Chairperson, African Ministerial Council on the Environment (AMCEN), Guidebook - Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. iii H.E. Mrs. Tumusiime Rhoda Peace Mr. Mounkaila Goumandakoye PREfaCE At the Seventh African Development Forum (ADF VII) which took place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in October 2010, policy-makers recognizing the need to move with urgency in preparing for the impacts of climate change, as the international negotiations continue on the reduction of Green House Gases (GHG) emissions, agreed on the urgent need for Africa to act on Climate Change for Sustainable Development. The AMCEN Bureau requested then its Secretariat to facilitate the preparation of a guidebook - Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. The Guidebook aims to translate available climate science analysis and current international climate policies into practical implementation in Africa in the context of sustainable development. In this regard the guidebook focuses on analysis of potential climate change impacts in key sectors in Africa and appropriate adaptation and mitigation options. It informs on matters related to governance, technological, financial and capacity building needs and opportunities on the continent with relevance to sustainable development. It provides information that has been synthesized and integrated from relevant IPCC and UN reports and other documentation on emerging issues on environment, climate change and development. It provides guidance and practical advice on how to address climate change issues in the development and implementation of actions leading to sustainable development. The Guidebook is self-contained and stands alone, but provides guidance to intended users to other relevant materials in the form of links and annexes. The primary audiences for the Guidebook are policymakers, decision makers, practitioners from public and private sector, Civil Society Organizations, environment and climate change negotiators and experts. However, it is recognized that others will also make use of the report. The contents of the Guidebook include: • Climate and climate change science from an African perspective. • Impacts of climate change on systems and key sectors and their implication on sustainable development in Africa, elaborating on the links between climate change and sustainable development. Discussions will include case-studies. Impacts of different climate scenarios are discussed and presented under each sector. • Suggested actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change; highlighting existing tools, methodologies and literature available to both assess the African and national situations in relation to adaptation and mitigation and furthermore to assist practitioners identify appropriate actions in relation to adapting to climate change and mitigating further contributions, where feasible, in the context of low carbon growth. • Capacity building, technological and financial requirements to undertake the suggested mitigation and adaptation actions. iv Guidebook - Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. • Guidelines on the sources of financing particularly under the UNFCCC process • Case studies on climate change mitigation and adaptation, on the green economy studies. The Guidebook lays the groundwork in Africa for subsequent case studies of current actionable recommendations on climate change, covering both adaptation and mitigation which will enable the continent to achieve its full potential on adaptation and transition to green economy. It is an example of regional cooperation in Africa at its best. About 30 African scientists including those already engaged in the current work under Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC, policy makers and climate change negotiators participated in the writing, compilation and review, volunteering their time and expertise. We would like to thank them for their tremendous contribution. H.E. Mrs. Tumusiime Rhoda Peace Mr. Mounkaila Goumandakoye Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture Regional Director and Representative African
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