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52-57Feature Abele N Magaziner.Indd Loyal Classmen At the turn of the 20th century, Julian Abele and Louis Magaziner—a black man and an immigrant Jew—were standouts in Penn’s School of Fine Arts about to launch distinguished careers in architecture. They were also beginning what would be a lifelong friendship. A Magaziner descendant and Abele admirer investigates what brought them together. By Amy Cohen fi rst heard of Julian Francis Abele Who They Were Pennsylvania Museum and School of Ar1902 in 2006 when I was teach- Both Abele and Magaziner achieved no- Industrial Art (now the University of the Iing African American history at table careers—especially so as both came Arts) and then enrolled at Penn’s School Philadelphia’s Julia R. Masterman from marginalized groups, Abele a black of Fine Arts when he was 17 years old. High School. I was intrigued to discover man and Magaziner an immigrant and Upon his graduation in 1902, he was that we had a personal connection of a Jew. only the third African American in the sorts—Abele had been a close friend of Abele had the more distinguished nation to earn a degree in architecture. my great-granduncle Louis Magaziner pedigree. He was born into a prominent He went on to study at the Pennsylvania Ar1900, who was a fellow architecture black family in Philadelphia, a distant Academy of the Fine Arts, becoming the student in Penn’s then School of Fine relative of the esteemed 18th century fi rst black person to receive a certifi cate Arts. At that time, I was a busy teacher religious and civil rights leader, Absalom in architectural drawing. raising two young girls, with no hours Jones, co-founder of the Free African Abele spent nearly his entire profes- to spare for family research. But two Society in 1787 and the fi rst African sional career in the offi ces of prominent years ago—no longer teaching, and with American to be ordained as an Episcopal architect Horace Trumbauer, quickly parenting less demanding—I set out to priest. After graduating from the vener- rising to the position of chief designer, learn more about these two extraordi- able Institute for Colored Youth, Abele and eventually taking over the fi rm with nary men and their friendship. studied architectural drawing at the a colleague following Trumbauer’s death 52 THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE Mar| Apr 2020 ILLUSTRATION BY DAVID HOLLENBACH Mar| Apr 2020 THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE 53 Louis Magaziner’s career encompassed a variety Julian Abele worked on projects including of building types and architectural styles. Around Harvard’s Widener Library and Philadelphia’s 1912, he created the hand-drawn blueprint at left Central Library and Museum of Art. He was the lead for the Love of Israel Synagogue in Philadelphia. architect for Duke University’s West Campus (right). in 1938. Because Trumbauer’s employees lished German Jewish community. He I found a similar description on a re- did not sign their work, and because graduated from Central High School and markable family website organized by scant correspondence among Trumbau- then went to Penn, completing a degree Magaziner descendant Tracey Rich: “At er’s employees remains, and because of in architecture in 1900. Penn, Louis was a classmate and friend the racial implications of denying Abele After graduation, Magaziner worked for of Julian Abele, the fi rst black architect his due, there is much debate about how and founded a variety of fi rms, most no- to graduate from that University. Louis big Abele’s role was in various projects. tably Magaziner, Eberhard, and Harris. He was the only Jew in the program at the The following carefully crafted general- worked in a range of styles, ranging from time, and their shared status as dispar- izations, however, do refl ect the consen- North Broad Street’s Art Deco Uptown aged minorities in the predominantly sus view of his career: Theater, the now demolished Mt. Sinai wealthy WASP program was the begin- Abele contributed to many projects in- Hospital in Pennsport, the modernist Sid- ning of a lifelong friendship.” cluding a slew of Gilded Age mansions and ney Hillman Medical Center on 20th and Was I ever excited! As a product of 13 the Philadelphia Museum of Art. He was Chestnut (also demolished), and Amal- years of Quaker schooling, a veteran of instrumental in designing the Parkway gamated Clothing Workers building on eight years teaching African American Central Library (the Free Library of Phila- 20th and South, as well as many other history, and a Jew to boot, this story of delphia’s main branch) and Widener Li- projects in Philadelphia and elsewhere. oppressed minorities bound together in brary at Harvard. It is incontrovertibly defi ance of the aristocracy got my self- true that Abele was the lead architect for Oppressed Minorities righteous juices fl owing. the Duke University campus, encompass- Bound Together? Plus, as a former group leader and ing 39 buildings, including dormitories, When I began my investigation into board member for Operation Under- an indoor stadium, classroom buildings, their relationship, my fi rst stop, I admit standing, a leadership program for Afri- and the Duke Chapel—though his role was at the risk of having my Penn master’s can American and Jewish youth, I am generally ignored until Abele’s great grand degree in history revoked, was Wikipe- quite familiar with the long and continu- niece Susan Cook brought it to the univer- dia. The entry for Abele, after noting ing history of the Black-Jewish alliance, sity’s attention in 1988. that he was the fi rst black student ad- dedicated to expanding rights and dig- Magaziner was born in Humenné, Aus- mitted to Penn’s architecture program, nity to all Americans. I was pretty cer- tria, now part of Slovakia, in 1878. At age added: “On projects assigned to pairs of tain that the Abele-Magaziner friendship 10, he immigrated to Philadelphia along students, he partnered with Louis Mag- was one more example of this special with his parents and seven siblings to aziner, the only Jewish student in the relationship. As I pursued the story, join three of his sisters who had come department, who also faced discrimina- however, the narrative kept shifting and over earlier, fi nding success as dress- tion. This was the beginning of a lifelong my understanding of their friendship makers serving Philadelphia’s estab- friendship between the two.” became more complicated. 54 THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE Mar| Apr 2020 Blueprint courtesy Magaziner Collection, Athenaeum of Philadelphia; postcard courtesy Penn Archives One of the fi rst sources I consulted was about Henry, though: He was a very lib- fi rst fl oor of Van Pelt Library. That year his an unpublished manuscript written by eral Democrat. He was also a resident of design was also selected for the Conklin Henry Magaziner Ar’36, Louis’s son. Henry progressive West Mount Airy and was Memorial Gateway that still graces Haver- followed in his father’s footsteps by going married to a teacher at a Quaker school. ford College, and he won the Arthur Spayd to Central and then Penn for architecture. Alas, Henry was just as susceptible as I Brooke Memorial prize awarded to the He joined his father’s practice and later am to the oppressed outsider narrative. student showing the most promise. Most became a well-known architectural histo- My next research trip brought me to the signifi cantly, Abele was elected by his class- rian and the regional historical architect Architectural Archives at Penn. During mates to be the president of the Architec- for Independence National Park. the time Abele and Magaziner were stu- tural Society. A photograph showing Abele Henry was very fond of Julian Abele dents, the School of Architecture followed sitting, almost kinglike, among his peers and hoped to write a historical novel for the École des Beaux-Arts system of in- pretty much summed up his position in young adults based on Abele’s life. I struction. In a 1926 description of the Penn’s architectural fi rmament. came across a manuscript at The Athe- program written by a Penn professor, I So, I had to let go of my notion of Abele naeum of Philadelphia, a private library found the following shocking paragraph. and Magaziner as outcasts linked by a known for its architectural collection. “In an atelier one of the causes for the shared sense of indignation at their op- A passage from Henry’s never pub- rapid development of the new student is pression. There had to be another bond lished draft: the tradition already mentioned as one of between them. I needed to dig deeper. the features of the Ecole system—the older, During Lou’s last two years and Ju- more advanced pupils helping the young- A Pair of Refi ned, Artistic Souls? lian’s fi rst two at Penn, the Jew and er; and what goes with it, the younger men Another Athenaeum resource: a binder the African American joined forces. working for the older. This latter is called of transcribed interviews done by archi- Both did beautiful work. They be- ‘niggering’ and consists of doing anything tectural historian and Abele biographer came buddies. Ate lunch together, at- the advanced man asks …” Dreck Spurlock Wilson in the late 1980s. tended the football games together, We know that Abele and Magaziner Wilson spoke to relatives and others who and developed a friendship which were indeed formally paired in this way had direct memories of Abele, and a con- was to last throughout their lives. and, most likely, this pairing was based sistent picture emerged.
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