Teil 17: Multimedia

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Teil 17: Multimedia (Ergänzung) a) Grundlagen Eine Multimediadatei enthält zur Erkennung an ihrem Anfang ("Header") meist eine Information ("Magick") über das verwendete Containerformat (welches meist mit der Dateiendung, z. B. mp3 korreliert) und das vorliegende Kompressionsverfahren („Codec“). Wie schon bei der Bildbearbeitung wird auch hier ein möglichst optimaler Kompromiss zwischen kleiner Dateigröße und Verlustfreiheit gesucht. Die Zuordnung bestimmter Dateitypen zu bestimmten Programmen ("MIME-Typ") beruht ebenfalls auf diesen Informationen. Bei Videodateien ist die Situation komplizierter, da innerhalb des gleichen Containerformats Kombinationen verschiedener Audio- und Videokompressionsformate vorliegen können (Abb. 1 a und b). Die Wiedergabe hängt vom Zusammenspiel mehrerer Schichten ab (Abb. 2). a Audiodatei-Container Ebene: Programmpaket-Namensbestandteil bzw . Pfad: Codec Audiodaten Frontend-Programm: „Player“ totem, kaffeine, vlc, mplayer Framew ork, Engine gstreamer, xine, ffmpeg, transcode b Videodatei-Container bzw . Backend-Pugins /usr/lib/w32 Codec Audiodaten /usr/lib/codecs Codecs Codec Videodaten /usr/lib/vlc /usr/lib/transcode Abb. 1 Abb. 2 Aufgabe 1: Lies hierzu die Artikel http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiodatenkompression, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerformat und http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Codecs b) Beispieldateien bearbeiten Aufgabe 1: Lese mit dem Befehl cdparanoia "1" -d /dev/hda den ersten Titel einer Audio-CD im angegebenen Laufwerk aus. (cdparanoia mit dem Schalter -B liest alle Titel aus.) Wandle nun mit dem Befehl lame -h -b 128 track01.wav die Datei track01.wav in eine mp3-Datei um. Hinweis: Beachte, dass lame die Dateiendung wav ignoriert und als einfache Zeichenkette betrachtet, an welche die neue Dateiendung für das neue Containerformat mp3 hinzugefügt wird. Konvertiere nun die mp3-Datei mit lame --decode track01.wav.mp3 wieder zurück in einem wav-Datei. Überprüfe mit dem Befehl file --mime <Dateiname> den jeweiligen MIME-Typ der drei Dateien. Vergleiche nun mit ls -s die Ausgangs- und die End-Dateigrößen und begründe. Dateiname Dateigröße (in MB) Verwendeter Codec MIME-Typ .wav .wav.mp3 .wav.mp3.wav Aufgabe 2: Spiele die Datei track01.wav und die Datei track01.wav.mp3 und track01.wav.mp3.wav mit dem Befehl play (Teil des Programms sox) ab. Versuche, alle drei Dateien mit dem Programm mpg123 abzuspielen. Welches Problem tritt auf? Tipp: Mit dem Befehl normalize-audio -m *.mp3 lassen sich alle mp3-Dateien im aktuellen Arbeitsverzeichnis auf eine einheitliche Lautstärke bringen. Aufgabe 3: Finde mit Hilfe des Befehl ffmpeg -formats heraus, ob auf dem PC der Videocodec "xvid" installiert ist. Wandle mit Hilfe des Befehls ffmpeg -i video.wmv -acodec mp3 -vcodec xvid -b 32k video.avi die Beispiel-Datei video.wmv in eine neue Datei video.avi um. Überprüfe mit dem Befehl ffmpeg -i video.avi die in dieser neuen Datei verwendeten Audio- und Videocodecs. Ergänze in der Tabelle die Bedeutung der hier verwendeten Parameter und Optionen: Befehlsausschnitt Bedeutung -i acodec mp3 -b.

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