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The Forgotten Revolution: Challenging Conventional Wisdom on Sweden's Transition to Democracy
The forgotten revolution: Challenging conventional wisdom on Sweden’s transition to democracy Johan Karlsson Schaffer, PhD Norwegian Centre for Human Rights University of Oslo, Norway [email protected] This version: April 27, 2010 Work in progress – comments are appreciated! Abstract A long, established tradition suggests that Sweden’s process of democratisation was characterised by its gradualness and reformism. In contrast to other countries, such as Denmark, Sweden did not have an abrupt, democratic revolution, this tradition holds. In this paper, I argue that this conventional view is flawed: In the course of a decade in the early twentieth century, Sweden went from being one of the least democratic countries in Europe to become a full-fledged, stable democracy. This signifies a fast, dramatic process of democratisation – a democratic revolution. The paper proceeds in four parts: First, I review the established conventional view of Swedish democratisation. Second, I present quantitative comparative data and historical evidence that seem to falsify the conventional view, and indeed indicate that Sweden’s democratisation was anything but slow and gradual. Third, I explore some reasons why the conventional view has gained hold, looking both at the way in which academic researchers have reached the conven- tional conclusion and how the conventional view might be understood in relation to the victorious parties in the struggle to gain recognition and legitimacy. In the concluding part, I consider how this historical narrative lives on in present-day politics, discussing how Swedish development aid seeks to export this historically faulty myth that successful democratisation must be slow and gradual, rather than revolutionary.i Words: 4 053 Characters: 23 126 1/12 Conventional wisdom on Sweden’s democratisation Existing research confirms the generally held opinion that Sweden became democratic through a stepwise, gradual process, from constitutional reforms in 1809 up to the breakthrough of democ- racy roughly a century later. -
The Scandinavian Currency Union, 1873-1924
The Scandinavian Currency Union, 1873-1924 Studies in Monetary Integration and Disintegration t15~ STOCKHOLM SCHOOL 'lJi'L-9 OF ECONOMICS ,~## HANDELSHOGSKOLAN I STOCKHOLM BFI, The Economic Research Institute EFIMission EFI, the Economic Research Institute at the Stockholm School ofEconomics, is a scientific institution which works independently ofeconomic, political and sectional interests. It conducts theoretical and empirical research in management and economic sciences, including selected related disciplines. The Institute encourages and assists in the publication and distribution ofits research fmdings and is also involved in the doctoral education at the Stockholm School ofEconomics. EFI selects its projects based on the need for theoretical or practical development ofa research domain, on methodological interests, and on the generality ofa problem. Research Organization The research activities are organized in twenty Research Centers within eight Research Areas. Center Directors are professors at the Stockholm School ofEconomics. ORGANIZATIONAND MANAGEMENT Management and Organisation; (A) ProfSven-Erik Sjostrand Center for Ethics and Economics; (CEE) Adj ProfHans de Geer Center for Entrepreneurship and Business Creation; (E) ProfCarin Holmquist Public Management; (F) ProfNils Brunsson Infonnation Management; (I) ProfMats Lundeberg Center for People and Organization; (PMO) ProfJan Lowstedt Center for Innovation and Operations Management; (T) ProfChrister Karlsson ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY Center for Risk Research; (CFR) ProfLennart Sjoberg -
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter Utgivna Av Statsvetenskapliga Föreningen I Uppsala 199
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter utgivna av Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala 199 Secession och diplomati Unionsupplösningen 1905 speglad i korrespondens mellan UD, beskickningar och konsulat Redaktörer: Evert Vedung, Gustav Jakob Petersson och Tage Vedung 2017 © Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala och redaktörerna 2017 Omslagslayout: Martin Högvall Omslagsbild: Tage Vedung, Evert Vedung ISSN 0346-7538 ISBN 978-91-513-0011-5 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326821 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326821) Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB 2017 Till professor Stig Ekman Till minnet av docent Arne Wåhlstrand Inspiratörer och vägröjare Innehåll Förord ........................................................................................................ ix Secession och diplomati – en kronologi maj 1904 till december 1905 ...... 1 Secession och diplomati 1905 – en inledning .......................................... 29 Åtta bilder och åtta processer: digitalisering av diplomatpost från 1905 ... 49 A Utrikesdepartementet Stockholm – korrespondens med beskickningar och konsulat ............................................................. 77 B Beskickningar i Europa och USA ................................................... 163 Beskickningen i Berlin ...................................................................... 163 Beskickningen i Bryssel/Haag ......................................................... 197 Beskickningen i Konstantinopel ....................................................... 202 Beskickningen -
Suède Le Centre De Gravité De L'espace Scandinave
Suède Le centre de gravité de l'espace scandinave On s’est accoutumé, depuis le milieu du siècle dernier, à voir en la Suède un pays pacifique et un peu terne, une sorte de « Suisse du nord », vouée à professer depuis la tour d’ivoire de sa neutralité de tranquilles convictions sociales-démocrates. Bien loin d’être infâmante, cette image contient évidemment une part de vérité : appuyée sur une solide identité protestante, berceau de l’une des plus anciennes monarchies parlementaires au monde, préservée depuis 1815 des conflits qui ont affecté ses voisins, la Suède constitue incontestablement un des plus solides pivots de la démocratie et de la stabilité en Europe. Sans même parler de ce « modèle suédois », récemment mis à mal par les contrecoups de la mondialisation mais qui n’a peut-être pas dit son dernier mot… Cette apparence paisible ne doit pas faire oublier que la Suède a aussi et surtout été une grande et énergique puissance continentale, dont l’ambition a longtemps été d’unifier la Scandinavie, de contrôler les côtes de la mer Baltique et de jouer un rôle significatif dans les affaires de l’Allemagne et de la Russie. De ces rêves de grandeur et des quelques souverains exceptionnels qui les ont portés, il ne subsiste malheureusement pas grand-chose dans notre mémoire collective. En leurs temps, l’annonce de la mort de Gustave-Adolphe à la bataille de Lützen ou celle de Charles XII devant Fredriksten ont pourtant sonné comme autant de coups de tonnerre dans le ciel des capitales du vieux continent. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
PATHS TO SUCCESS, PATHS TO FAILURE: HISTORICAL TRAJECTORIES TO DEMOCRATIC STABILITY By ADAM BILINSKI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 1 © 2015 Adam Bilinski 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout the work on this project, I received enormous help from a number of people. The indispensable assistance was provided by my advisor Michael Bernhard, who encouraged me to work on the project since I arrived at the University of Florida. He gave me valuable and timely feedback, and his wide knowledge of the European political history and research methods proved irreplaceable in this regard. He is otherwise a warm, humble and an understanding person, a scholar who does not mind and even appreciates when a graduate student is critical toward his own ideas, which is a feature whose value cannot be overestimated. I received also valuable assistance from members of my dissertation committee: Benjamin Smith, Leonardo A. Villalon, Beth Rosenson and Chris Gibson. In particular, Ben Smith taught me in an accessible way about the foundational works in Political Science, which served as an inspiration to write this dissertation, while Chris Gibson offered very useful feedback on quantitative research methods. In addition, I received enormous help from two scholars at the University of Chicago, where this research project passed through an adolescent stage. Dan Slater, my advisor, and Alberto Simpser helped me transform my incoherent hypotheses developed in Poland into a readable master’s thesis, which I completed in 2007. -
Historiska Epoker I Sverige Och Världen
Historiska epoker i Sverige och världen Apor och halvapor - primater - framträdde (ca 70 miljoner år sedan). Dinosaurierna dog ut (65 miljoner år sedan). Ramapithecus, varelse som kunde klättra i träd och leva på marken (10-14 miljoner år sedan). Människoapan Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) levde (3 miljoner år sedan). Homo habilis - den händiga människan, kunde använda redskap (2 miljoner år sedan). Homo erectus - den upprätta människan, kände till bruket av elden. Spred sig över jordklotet, från Afrika till Asien och Europa (1,3 miljoner - 300 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens neanderthalensis - neanderthalmänniskan, den vetande människan, hade förfinade verktyg och ritualer (100 000 - dog ut 30 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens sapiens - den moderna människan, konkurrerade ut neanderthalmänniskan ? språk, bättre jaktmetoder (50 000 år sedan - nu). Äldre stenåldern (40 000 f Kr, i Sverige 11 000 f Kr - 4200 f Kr) "Jägarstenåldern" Venus från Willendorf (modergudinna, 20-30 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens sapiens spreds över jordklotet. Amerika koloniserades av människor (28 000 f Kr). Naturmotiv i Lascaux-grottan i Frankrike (15 000 år f Kr). Världens äldsta stad, Jeriko i nuvarande Jordanien (8350 f Kr). Jordbruket uppstod i Mellanöstern (8000 f Kr). Isen började försvinna i Norden (8000 f Kr). Catal Hüyük i Mindre Asien (Turkiet) (6250 f Kr). I Skåne levde kanske 400 människor (6000 f Kr). Människor slog sig ned vid Nilen i Egypten som jordbrukare (5000 f Kr). Civilisation uppstod kring Gula floden (Huang-he) i Kina (5000 f Kr). Yngre stenåldern (i Sverige 4200 f Kr - 1800 f Kr) Jordbrukarstenåldern Människor kom till Mesopotamien (4000 f Kr). -
Kingdom of Sweden
Johan Maltesson A Visitor´s Factbook on the KINGDOM OF SWEDEN © Johan Maltesson Johan Maltesson A Visitor’s Factbook to the Kingdom of Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden 2017 Preface This little publication is a condensed facts guide to Sweden, foremost intended for visitors to Sweden, as well as for persons who are merely interested in learning more about this fascinating, multifacetted and sadly all too unknown country. This book’s main focus is thus on things that might interest a visitor. Included are: Basic facts about Sweden Society and politics Culture, sports and religion Languages Science and education Media Transportation Nature and geography, including an extensive taxonomic list of Swedish terrestrial vertebrate animals An overview of Sweden’s history Lists of Swedish monarchs, prime ministers and persons of interest The most common Swedish given names and surnames A small dictionary of common words and phrases, including a small pronounciation guide Brief individual overviews of all of the 21 administrative counties of Sweden … and more... Wishing You a pleasant journey! Some notes... National and county population numbers are as of December 31 2016. Political parties and government are as of April 2017. New elections are to be held in September 2018. City population number are as of December 31 2015, and denotes contiguous urban areas – without regard to administra- tive division. Sports teams listed are those participating in the highest league of their respective sport – for soccer as of the 2017 season and for ice hockey and handball as of the 2016-2017 season. The ”most common names” listed are as of December 31 2016. -
Sweden, the Crown of the State
Sweden, the Crown of the state by Torbjörn LARSSON, Assistant Professor at the Department of Politica! Science of the University of Stockholm. The Head of State is not yet a king without a country but close to it. As Prime Minister Olof Palme said when the new constitution was introduced in 1974 : ''To 1 day the introduction of the republic is only a pen stroke away" • According to the new consitution, the Parliament does not have to automatically select a new royal family if the King and all the members of his family should die along with all the other legitimate heirs to the crown. That this should occur is not, very likely, however. To begin with, some precautions have been taken to prevent the royal family from becoming extinct. In 1979, the non-Socialist majority in the parliament decided to drastically change the law of succession, a constitutional law, which 2 had not been changed significantly since 1810 . The amendment gave royal family members of the female sex the same right to the crown. Under the old constitution, only male heirs could claim it. The direct line of succession was maintained, how ever. The initiative to change the constitutional law of succession was taken by the non-Socialist parties in Parliament. As was hardly surprising, the Social Democrats and the Communists abstained from voting on this issue, but, perhaps more as tonishingly, the King did not seem to be in favor of this change, although he did not voice this opinion until after the birth of his second child, a boy. -
HISTORISK TIDSKRIFT (Sweden)
HISTORISK TIDSKRIFT (Sweden) 131:1 • 2011 ÖVERSIKT 21 författare om 22 regeringschefer bo g. hall Uppsala universitet Per T. Ohlsson & Mats Bergstrand (red.), Sveriges statsministrar under 100 år, box om 22 böcker (Stockholm: Albert Bonniers förlag 2010). Under vissa perioder har ett vanligt tvisteämne bland historiker och statsvetare slagordsmässigt brukat formuleras: struktur eller aktör? Dis- kussionen har alltså avsett vilka faktorer som väger tyngst när historien förs framåt. Numera får väl en viss konsensus anses råda om att båda har betydelse. Kanske kan dock någon övervikt gälla till förmån för den enskilde individens roll och faktiska möjligheter när det gäller att påverka utvecklingen. Ett stöd för en sådan ståndpunkt är att Albert Bonniers förlag på senvåren 2010 tog det goda initiativet att ge ut en så kallad box med biografier över Sveriges statsministrar under de senaste 100 åren. Såvitt jag vet har inte något liknande publicerats efter Valfrid Spångbergs Från Arvid Posse till Per Albin Hansson: svenska statsminist- rar, riksdagsmän och publicister (1936), Sven Swenssons Från De Geer till Per Albin: de svenska statsministrarna (1945) samt Olof Ruins Statsminis- ter: från Tage Erlander till Göran Persson (2007). Överlag är dessa dock betydligt mindre ambitiösa och ger begränsat utrymme åt varje reger- ingschef. Denna gång kom uppslaget från en duo samhällsjournalister med förankring i två av våra största morgontidningar: Per T. Ohlsson på Sydsvenska dagbladet och Mats Bergstrand, i många år redaktör för Dagens nyheters debattsida. Totalt innehåller boxen 22 häften med korta biografier – högst 128 sidor – över följande svenska regeringschefer: Karl Staaff (författad av Peter Esaiasson), Arvid Lindman (Leif Lewin), Hjalmar Hammarsköld (Mats Svegfors), Carl Swartz (Eva Helen Ulvros), Nils Edén (Gunnar historisk tidskrift 131:1 • 2011 21 fÖrfattare oM 22 regeringschefer 57 Wetterberg), Hjalmar Branting (Lars Ilshammar), Louis De Geer (Johan- nes Åman), Oscar von Sydow (Per Svensson), Ernst Trygger (MarieLouise Samuelsson), Rickard Sandler (Per T. -
Government Earmarks SEK 1 Million for Promotion Initiatives Swedish Music, Fashion and Digital Games Are a Few Industries That Can Promote the Image of Sweden Abroad
2010 Press release 31 August 2010 Ministry for Foreign Affairs Music and fashion to put Sweden on the map - Government earmarks SEK 1 million for promotion initiatives Swedish music, fashion and digital games are a few industries that can promote the image of Sweden abroad. They are three creative industries that have a good reputation beyond our borders, and there is a great deal of interest in them. This is why the Government is now investing even more in the experience industry, especially since we have seen that activities previously conducted abroad have generated a lot of interest and received a positive response. These investments have helped to attract more tourists to Sweden and created an interest among foreign entrepreneurs in business opportunities. Our talented songwriters, designers and others involved in the experience industry abroad have helped to put Sweden on the world map. For a small country, Sweden has a strong position as an exporter of music - we are ranked fifth after other countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. The music business is an important part of the Swedish experience industry, which is an expanding export industry and a major growth sector. In 2009, the experience industry accounted for over 5 per cent of Sweden's GDP, and it employs 280 000 people. "We have seen that the experience industry is very important for people's image of Sweden abroad. When I'm out travelling, I often hear how people associate Sweden with Abba, Max Martin, Robyn, DICE and Odd Molly. This is why it's really important that we promote this sector, so that we can become even stronger and more talked about beyond our borders," says Minister for Trade Ewa Björling, who is responsible for promoting the image of Sweden. -
"JäMstã¤Lldhet": Analyzing the Analysts and Mastering the Swedish Gender Discourse
Wesleyan University The Honors College “Jämställdhet”: Analyzing the Analysts and Mastering the Swedish Gender Discourse by Vernie Chia Class of 2011 A thesis submitted to the faculty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Departmental Honors from the College of Social Studies Middletown, Connecticut April, 2011 i Acknowledgements First, I absolutely have to thank Professor Joyce Jacobsen, for going above and beyond as a thesis adviser. This thesis would not exist without you actually giving me the topic, then guiding me every step of the way to help this project come to fruition. Thanks for cracking the whip and forcing me to stay on task, as well as being so dedicated in reading all my chapters and meeting me when you didn’t need to. More importantly, you challenged me to think about issues in a way that I haven’t before; my thesis, my academic self and my own personality is greatly improved because of it. I hope I’m not too hokey when I say that you’re a real inspiration to me, and I can only hope to be half as awesome when I grow up. To the other CSS professors: Professor Bonin, Professor Angle, Professor Miller, Professor Rayack, Professor Grimmer-Solem, Professor Rutland. Thanks for all the support! I wouldn’t even be here without my parents in Singapore, to whom this entire thesis is dedicated. Words can’t describe how grateful I am for the both of you. You have been my biggest supporters and my biggest fans, investing time, emotions and money to allow me to pursue my dreams. -
Sørum-Speilet
Sørum-Speilet I dette nummeret: Kjære medlem, Sammen med dette nummeret av Sørum-Speilet følger Odd Skullerud: innkallinga til årsmøtet i historielaget, som i år holdes torsdag Oppløsningen av 17. februar klokka 19.00 på Festiviteten på Sørumsand. Vi unionen mellom Norge oppfordrer flest mulig av våre medlemmer til å møte fram på og Sverige årsmøtet og påvirke hva vi skal arbeide med de nærmeste åra. Som vi sier i innledningen til strategiplanen, er det i Intervju med 100- en organisasjon basert på frivillig arbeid ikke mulig å vedta åringen Torborg Olstad på et årsmøte hva som skal gjøres. Det er de interesserte med- ved Svein Sandnes lemmene som avgjør om noe skal bli gjort eller ikke. Et godt eksempel er forskjellen på utviklingen rundt Vølneberg Thor Hexeberg: gamle skole og Slora mølle. Begge kulturminner ble satt i Gardshistorie for Sørli stand av historielaget. På Vølneberg har lokale entusiaster - del 1 med Trygve Sæther i spissen arbeidet aktivt med prosjektet, som nå har fått nye aktiviteter som redskapssamlingen, og Leif Mathisen: På kryss med besøk av skoleklasser. I Blaker har ikke lokale og tvers i Sørum (4) entusiaster like aktivt stått fram for å skape de spennende Koppergruvene i Blaker aktiviteter rundt Slora mølle som det var tanker om. Resultatet er stor aktivitet på Vølneberg, og liten utadrettet Kristian Lieungh: aktivitet på Slora. Og intet årsmøtevedtak kan gjøre noe fra Oppvekst på Melvold i eller til med det. mellomkrigstida (37): Samtidig må vi skynde oss å understreke at det er flott Maten vi spiste dyrket vi med alle de ”passive” medlemmene som er travelt opptatt selv med andre aktiviteter, og som derfor ikke finner å kunne engasjere seg aktivt i historielagets arbeid.