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Paradoks Terbesar Aung San Suu Kyi Hak cipta dan penggunaan kembali: Lisensi ini mengizinkan setiap orang untuk menggubah, memperbaiki, dan membuat ciptaan turunan bukan untuk kepentingan komersial, selama anda mencantumkan nama penulis dan melisensikan ciptaan turunan dengan syarat yang serupa dengan ciptaan asli. Copyright and reuse: This license lets you remix, tweak, and build upon work non-commercially, as long as you credit the origin creator and license it on your new creations under the identical terms. Team project ©2017 Dony Pratidana S. Hum | Bima Agus Setyawan S. IIP LAMPIRAN Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 TRANSKRIP 1 Narasumber : Fahri Salam Jenis Wawancara : Wawancara Langsung Tempat : Ruang Redaksi Tirto.id Tanggal : 2 July 2018 Keterangan : P : Peneliti I : Informan P : “Secara umum, apakah artikel-artikel mengenai konflik mendapatkan porsi yang besar? Misalnya apakah artikel-artikel konflik lebih besar porsinya dibanding artikel-artikel mengenai politik dalam negeri, gitu misalnya?” I : “Seimbang lah kalau soal itu. Apalagi kalau soal konflik antar etnis kan jarang ya sekarang. Jadi ya kalau di Asia Tenggara ya paling yang di Myanmar. Tapi ya kalau politik pasti gede banget soalnya, ekonomi juga ada. Porsiku sebenarnya meliput kejadian yang menyangkut kepentingan publik. Jadi ya apapun peristiwanya, kalau sepakbola ya sepakbola. Pokoknya yang menyangkut kepentingan publik.” P : “Tapi sebenarnya aspek apa aja sih Mas yang membuat sebuah konflik itu menarik untuk dijadikan objek pemberitaan di Tirto.id?” I : “Aspeknya ya.. hmm.. ini khusus konflik yang berujung kekerasan ya?” P : “Iya Mas, khususnya konflik yang seperti itu.” I : “Menurut saya sih karena, pertama sifatnya politis.. jadi ada kepentingan politik dalam kekerasan tersebut. Di Indonesia kan sebenarnya jarang ya kalau ada kekerasan antara militer dan sipil. Tapi kan juga ada yang dimaksud konflik agraria. Misalnya kasus di Jawa, di Sumatra. Pokoknya kalau melibatkan Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 kepentingan publik, lalu di belakangnya ada pihak swasta dan militer. Nah itu menarik untuk diberitakan.” P : “Sekarang kita masuk ke yang spesifiknya nih Mas. Kita ke konflik antara etnis Rohingya dan militer Myanmar. Apa sih yang menarik dari konflik ini sehingga konflik menjadikan sebagai objek pemberitaan?” I : “Pertama, Myanmar kan salah satu negara di asia tenggara yang masih tertutup ya. bahkan masih ada wartawan luar yang masih dipenjara, dan akses pun ke wilayah yang ada konflik antar etnis itu sulit.” P : “Di Rakhine itu ya Mas?” I : “ Iya, kedua isu Rohingya secara spesifik itu memag udah parah ya. bertahun- tahun mengalami diskriminasi. Apalagi yang tahun lalu ya, menurut saya gerakan yang paling besar.” P : “Yang agustus itu ya?” I : “Iya, itu yang operasi pembersihan itu ya.” P : “Oke, jadi itu alasan-alasannya kenapa konflik itu jadi menarik ya. trus seberapa intersif sih Mas pemberitaannya?” I : “Kalau dibilang intensif banget sih enggak ya, tapi kan tahun lalu itu meledaknya gede banget ya. hampir berapa ratus ribu dalam satu insiden yang jadi korban. Jadi memang kita juga tergantung sorotan berbagai media di dunia juga. Misalnya itu kan baru pertama juga kita muat di laporan utama. kalau ada hal di samping-sampingnya yang menarik juga banyak penulis Tirto.id yang mengangkat itu.” P : “Oh gitu ya. Terus apa aja sih Mas teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan Tirto? Khususnya buat artikel-artikel tentang konflik Rohingya dan Myanmar ini?” I : “Oke, yang sempet kami lakukan itu kami sempet minta, ada wartawan dari sana itu kami pernah bikin laporan soal Rohingya, itu bayar ya. jadi bayar Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 kontributor. Kedua yang kami sering itu, ya ini sumber-sumber dari organisasi nirlaba, organisasi kemanusiaan yang ada di sana untuk ngirim feeding ke tirto via email. Ngontak juga kalau kita memang sedang nulis isu itu.” P : “Contohnya yang dr. Natasha Reyes itu ya?” I : “Iya, dokter, itu yang tulisannya Restu ya? kalau literaturnya, ya kliping, googling, makalah-makalah yang relevan pasti.” P : “Itu kan berarti ada kontributor lepas kan ya Mas di tempat. Itu gimana cara milih kontributor lepasnya sih Mas? Maksudnya, kenapa harus dia gitu?” I : “Ya itu kenalan, kan kenalan wartawan di luar itu banyak ya. jadi kayak aku kenal kamu di sana, lalu kamu merekomendasikan wartawan ini.” P : “Jadi rekomendasi antar wartawan gitu ya?” I : “Iya, itu udah biasa banget praktek kayak gitu.” P : “Terus dia di sana itu meliput apa yang menrut dia menarik atau ada permintaan dari Tirto sih Mas mau ngeliput apanya? I : “Ya titipan sih biasanya. Misalnya waktu perisiwa operasi pembersihan itu kan kami butuh cerita tentang orang Rohingya yang terdampar di Bangladesh, di perbatasan. Jadi gelombang pengungsi yang baru itu. Kita mita cerita, jadi storytelling dari tangan pertama. Jadi gak cuma menghimpun update-update dari media asing aja.” P : “Okedeh Mas, sekarang kita masuk ke konsep jurnalisme damainya. Dalam konsepnya kan, sebuah media diharapkan mampu membahas solusi di berita- beritanya. Nah itu dilakukan di Tirto.id gak sih Mas?” I : “Kayaknya jarang deh kita pakai solusi. Tuntutan untuk menyampaikan solusi itu bukan prioritas sih. Pertama-tama kan kita meliput subjek yang bermasalah, kemudian unsur kenapanya dielaborasi, kalau dari situ solusinya apa. Kalau pun ada tuntutan itu, paling kami pakai wawancara ke sumber yang terkait dengan tulisan. Misalnya waktu tulisan tetang rohingya kan soal tuntutan warga indoensia Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 untuk segera menurunkan bantuan kan. Di lokasinya itu lamban aksesnya, jauh sekali, pokoknya mereka membayangkan Myanmar itu seperti Indonesia, mereka gak tau kalau di sana itu birokrasi militernya sulit ditembus. Dan negara bagian rakhine itu kan jauh banget. Jadi ya kami tanya dubes.” P : “Oh yang tulisan yang Ito Sumardi itu ya?” I : “Iya, nah itu kan kami tanya. Biasanya model gitu. Penulisnya jarang mengajukan suatu pertanyaan yang solutif. Biasanya kita pakai narasumber untuk solusi. Jadi jurnalis tirto gak mengeluarkan solusi, karena tugas utama kita kan mengetengahkan masalah. Untuk mencari solusi itu bukan prioritas kami, bukan tugas jurnalis juga.” P : “Nah mas kalau di yang artikel ito sumardi itu kan disebutkan ada foto-foto penyerangan ARSA ke pos polisi Myanmar. Kenapa gak dipublikasikan di artikel ini?” I : “Karena kami jarang sih ya, untuk memasukkan foto-foto banyak ke sebuah naskah itu. Tapi gini loh ya, kan khususnya di konflik ini data-data lapangan itu susah sekali, militer Myanmar juga susah sekali dimintai keterangan. Sedangkan tugas jurnalis untuk bersikap skeptis terhadap narasumber. Jadi biasanya dalih, klaim si narsum diikuti dengan sanggahan atau alternatif lain dari klaim narsum itu, jadi penyeimbang. Gitu.” P : “Nah ini masuk ke kebijakan redaksi nih Mas. Jadi redaksi tirto itu mengharuskan jurnalisnya untuk memasukkan solusi ke artikelnya gak sih?” I : “Enggak, gak ada keharusan untuk memasukkan itu.” P : “Terus ini Mas, kebijakan redaksi Tirto itu memberikan larangan untuk memberikan julukan tertentu untuk pihak tertentu gak?” I : “Tidak larangan, tapi hati-hati menggunakan istilah karena istilah itu harus akurat ya. aku kasih contoh yang tepat ya. ini reporter aku sedang bikin radikalisme di kampus. Asalahnya pemerintah ini memframing kata radikal untuk Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 kelompok kanan, islam garis keras. Sementara radikalisme kan pandangan yang hmm.. bisa dipakai oleh semua gerakan.” P : “Jadi gak cuma Islam ya.” I : “Iya, jadi aku bilang ke reporter aku, kamu harus hati-hati dengan framing pemerintah karena istilahnya sudah gak tepat. Beberapa liputan itu kan memakai istilah militan islamis, kalau pakai istilah itu tapi nanti ada orang yang pintar dikit dari FPI, mungkin bisa ke sini untuk klarifikasi. Jadi untuk menggunakan istilah yang correct itu juga kadang menyimpan bahaya. Tapi istilah yang keliru malah makin banyak banyak dipakai. Karena justru sudah sudah terlanjur keliru semua.” P : “Nah, ngomong-ngomong soal istilah nih Mas. Ini di salah satu artikel ada istilah ‘operasi pembersihan’, itu dari mana istilahnya Mas?” I : “Itu kita ambil dari media luar, mereka media otoritatif gitu, dan mereka ngutip dari sumber resmi pemerintah Myanmar.” P : “Nah, kalau istilah genosida nih Mas, itu kenapa pakai istilah itu?” I : “Nah itu aku cross-check. Setau aku kumparan bahas kenapa apa yang dilakukan Myanmar itu sudah masuk genosida, itu sudah ada ciri-cirinya, kriterianya.” P : “Oh oke, nah tapi ini ada kata-kata ‘dibunuh, dibakar’ itu ada bukti visualnya gak sih Mas” I : “Enggak, dia gak kirim. Cuman mereka kirim laporan saja. Tapi semua pemberitaan yang otoritatif memberitakan hal yang sama. Jadi meskipun aku gak bisa lihat sumber utama, tapi aku bisa crosscheck ke sumber yang otoritatif ya.” P : “Sumber yang otoritatif itu contohnya apa sih Mas?” I “Misalnya lembaga Human Right Watch ya, yang aku tau, Andreas Harsono, itu collage aku. Nah itu dia yang membahas mengenai ethnic cleansing itu. Jadi sebelum ada langkah kegiatan militer itu dan sebelumnya, ya ada laporan mengenai rumah dibakar dan sebagainya.” Arnalisis Penerapan Jurnalisme..., Audy Bernadus, FIKOM UMN, 2018 P : “Nah terus ini Mas, ada istilah tatmadaw
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