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Sanicula Bipinnatifida
Sanicula bipinnatifida English name Purple Sanicle Scientific name Sanicula bipinnatifida Family Apiaceae (Carrot) Other scientific names none Risk status BC: imperilled (S2); red-listed; Conservation Framework Highest Priority – 2 (Goal 3, Maintain BC diversity) Canada: National General Status – at risk (2010); COSEWIC – Threatened (2001) Global: secure (G5) Elsewhere: California, Oregon and Washington – reported (SNR) Range/Known distribution Populations of Purple Sanicle have a N narrow range in Canada, occurring only on southeastern Vancouver CAMPBELL Island and the Gulf Islands. Globally, RIVER the species range extends along the COMOX west coast of North America from VANCOUVER VANCOUVER ISLAND PORT northern Baja California through ALBERNI Oregon, and then sporadically in DUNCAN Washington and British Columbia. There are 18 existing populations VICTORIA and 6 extirpated or unconfirmed sites, ranging from Duncan south to Victoria, with populations on Galiano Island and Saturna Island. NANAIMO The Canadian populations and GALIANO those in nearby Washington State ISLAND are disjunct by about 100 km from the main population. Population DUNCAN sizes range from a single plant to over eleven hundred individuals. N VICTORIA Distribution of Sanicula bipinnatifida l Recently confirmed sites l Extirpated or historical sites Species at Risk in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems in British Columbia Sanicula bipinnatifida Field description This distinctly purple-flowered short-lived perennial herb grows 10- 60cm tall from a vertical taproot. The erect stem is stout and branched with leaves at the base and on the lower stem. Leaves are 4-13 cm long, toothed, and range from simple to pinnately divided (leaves arranged on either side of the main leaf axis, like a feather) once or twice with the leaflets opposite each other. -
Circumscription and Phylogeny of Apiaceae Subfamily Saniculoideae Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequences
ARTICLE IN PRESS Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2007) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Circumscription and phylogeny of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae based on chloroplast DNA sequences Carolina I. Calviño a,b,¤, Stephen R. Downie a a Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3707, USA b Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 14 July 2006; revised 3 January 2007; accepted 4 January 2007 Abstract An estimate of phylogenetic relationships within Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae was inferred using data from the chloroplast DNA trnQ-trnK 5Ј-exon region to clarify the circumscription of the subfamily and to assess the monophyly of its constituent genera. Ninety- one accessions representing 14 genera and 82 species of Apiaceae were examined, including the genera Steganotaenia, Polemanniopsis, and Lichtensteinia which have been traditionally treated in subfamily Apioideae but determined in recent studies to be more closely related to or included within subfamily Saniculoideae. The trnQ-trnK 5Ј-exon region includes two intergenic spacers heretofore underutilized in molecular systematic studies and the rps16 intron. Analyses of these loci permitted an assessment of the relative utility of these noncoding regions (including the use of indel characters) for phylogenetic study at diVerent hierarchical levels. The use of indels in phylogenetic anal- yses of both combined and partitioned data sets improves resolution of relationships, increases bootstrap support values, and decreases levels of overall homoplasy. Intergeneric relationships derived from maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood analyses, as well as from maximum parsimony analysis of indel data alone, are fully resolved and consistent with one another and generally very well supported. -
Floristic Quality Assessment Report
FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al. -
A Synopsis of the Genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) in Eastern Canada
A synopsis of the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) in eastern Canada KATHLEENM. PRYER Botany Division, National Museum of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ont., Canada KIP 6P4 AND Lou R. PHILLIPPE Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Chamnpaign, IL 61820, U. S. A. Received January 25, 1988 PRYER,K. M., and PHILLIPPE,L. R. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) in eastern Canada. Can. J. Bot. 67: 694 - 707. A synopsis of the genus Sarlicula in eastern Canada is presented. Four species and two varieties of these native woodland umbellifers are recognized. A key to the taxa, pertinent synonymy, comparative descriptions of diagnostic characters, and notes on the taxonomy, distribution, habitat, and rare status are provided. Illustrations of umbellet and fruit morphology, eastern Canadian dot maps, and North American range maps are also included for each taxon. The name S. canadensis L. var. grandis Fern. is revived, but it now represents a differently circumscribed taxon from that described by Fernald. Sanicula odorata (Raf.) Pryer & Phillipe, which is neotypified here, must replace the long-accepted name S. gregaria E. P. Bicknell. PRYER,K. M., et PHILLIPPE,L. R. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) in eastern Canada. Can. J. Bot. 67 : 694 - 707. Un synopsis du genre Sanicula dans l'est du Canada est pr6sentC. Quatre espkces et deux variCt6s de ces ombellifkres des bois sont reconnues. Une clef d'identification des taxons, la synonymie pertinente, des descriptions comparatives des caractkres diagnostiques et des notes sur la taxonomie, la distribution, l'habitat et le statut rare sont fournies. -
Apiaceae (Carrot Family)
APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Plant: mostly herbs (annual, biennial or perennial), a few shrubs and trees, often aromatic Stem: often hollow between stem nodes, commonly branched Root: Leaves: usually finely pinnate, sometimes palmate but rarely simple; leaf bases often broad; base of petioles usually sheathed; alternate and/or basal but rarely opposite or whorled; no stipules Flowers: mostly perfect; mostly small; sepals 5 and united, very small, or sometimes absent; petals 5 and small, bracts common; flowers mostly in compound (branching) umbels (radial sprays) – branches of umbels are termed ‘rays’ and bracts, if present, of individual umbels or umbellets termed ‘bractlets or bracteoles’; 5 stamens alternate with petals; ovary inferior, 1 pistil, 2 styles, most have 2 carpels Fruit: 2 dry, one-seeded, fruits (schizocarp with 2 mericarps); may be winged; some with aromatic oils Other: Old family name was Umbelliferae ; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 300-450+ genera; many local genera WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Apiaceae (Carrot Family) - 5 petals (often white or yellow, mostly small), sepals small or absent; flowers in umbels or mostly compound umbels; leaf petiole usually sheathed; leaves often pinnate; fruit a schizocarp – many local genera compound umbels most common 5 petals, often small, usually white or yellow Single umbels Often with a sheath at base of petiole Fruit a schizocarp – a dry fruit that splits into one-seed portions, some bur-like Leaves often pinnately compound but not always APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Bishop's Goutweed; Aegopodium podagraria L. (Introduced) Purple-Stemmed Angelica; Angelica atropurpurea L. -
Pollen Preferences of Two Species of Andrena in British Columbia's Oak
J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 113, DECEMBER 2016 !39 Pollen preferences of two species of Andrena in British Columbia’s oak-savannah ecosystem JULIE C. WRAY1 and ELIZABETH ELLE1 ABSTRACT Although understanding the requirements of species is an essential component of their conservation, the extent of dietary specialisation is unknown for most pollinators in Canada. In this paper, we investigate pollen preference of two bees, Andrena angustitarsata Vierick and A. auricoma Smith [Hymenoptera: Andrenidae]. Both species range widely throughout Western North America and associated floral records are diverse. However, these species were primarily associated with spring-blooming Apiaceae in the oak-savannah ecosystem of Vancouver Island, BC, specifically Lomatium utriculatum [Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray] J.M. Coult. & Rose, L. nudicaule [Pursh] J.M. Coult. & Rose, and Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp ex. DC. Floral visit records and scopal pollen composition for these species from two regions on Vancouver Island indicate dietary specialisation in oak-savannah habitats where Apiaceae are present. Both species were also caught in low abundances in residential gardens where Apiaceae were scarce, sometimes on unrelated plants with inflorescence morphology similar (to our eyes) to Apiaceae. Further study of these species is needed to understand whether preferences observed locally in BC exist elsewhere in their range. Our findings contribute to understanding pollen preference in natural and urban areas, and highlight an important factor to consider for species- specific conservation action in a highly sensitive fragmented ecosystem. Key Words: Andrenidae, Apoidea, oligolecty, pollen preference INTRODUCTION Relationships between flowering plants and bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes) range from extreme pollen specialisation, or oligolecty, to extreme generalisation, or polylecty. -
Executive Summary
A Guide to the Natural Communities of the Delaware Estuary June 2006 Citation: Westervelt, K., E. Largay, R. Coxe, W. McAvoy, S. Perles, G. Podniesinski, L. Sneddon, and K. Strakosch Walz. 2006. A Guide to the Natural Communities of the Delaware Estuary: Version 1. NatureServe. Arlington, Virginia. PDE Report No. 06-02 Copyright © 2006 NatureServe COVER PHOTOS Top L: Eastern Hemlock - Great Laurel Swamp, photo from Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Top R: Pitch Pine - Oak Forest, photo by Andrew Windisch, photo from New Jersey Natural Heritage Bottom R: Maritime Red Cedar Woodland, photo by Robert Coxe, photo from Delaware Natural Heritage Bottom L: Water Willow Rocky Bar and Shore in Pennsylvania, photo from Pennsylvania Natural Heritage A GUIDE TO THE NATURAL COMMUNITIES OF THE DELAWARE ESTUARY Kellie Westervelt Ery Largay Robert Coxe William McAvoy Stephanie Perles Greg Podniesinski Lesley Sneddon Kathleen Strakosch Walz. Version 1 June 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 13 CLASSIFICATION APPROACH..................................................................................................... 14 International Terrestrial Ecological Systems Classification -
Sanicula Marilandica L. Black Snake-Root Apiaceae - Carrot Family Status: State Sensitive, BLM Sensitive, USFS Sensitive Rank: G5 / S2
Sanicula marilandica L. black snake-root Apiaceae - carrot family status: State Sensitive, BLM sensitive, USFS sensitive rank: G5 / S2 General Description: Perennial with a cluster of fibrous roots from a short simple caudex or crown; stems solitary, erect, 4-12 dm tall, generally branched only above. Basal and lowermost stem leaves long-petiolate, the blade 6-15 cm wide, palmately 5-7 parted or palmately compound, the segments or leaflets sharply toothed, sometimes shallowly lobed or deeply 2-lobed. Stem leaves usually several, gradually reduced upwards, becoming sessile. Floral Characteristics: Ultimate umbels about 1 cm wide or less, subtended by a few minute narrow bractlets, with 15-25 greenish white flowers, the male flowers more numerous than the perfect ones, or some umbellets all male. C alyx lobes firm, lance-triangular, tapering gradually to a narrow tip, slightly fused at the base. Styles elongate, often persistent, longer than the prickles of the fruit. Fruits: O void schizocarps, 4-6 x 3-5 mm, somewhat compressed Illustration by Jeanne R. Janish, laterally and covered with numerous basally thickened prickles with ©1961 University of Washington Press hooked tips, the lower ones rudimentary. Identifiable June to mid-A ugust. Identif ication Tips: S. marilandica has fibrous roots and greenish white flowers, while other Sanicula species in our range have taproots and yellow or purple flowers. The leaves superficially resemble C arolina bugbane (Trautvetteria caroliniensis ). The well-developed hook-tipped prickles and slight lateral compression of the fruits are useful for distinguishing the genus. Range: Peripheral in WA . ID, B.C ., east to Newfoundland, south to FL and NM. -
Phylogenetics of Piptatherum Sl (Poaceae: Stipeae)
TAXON 60 (6) • December 2011: 1703–1716 Romaschenko & al. • Phylogenetics of Piptatherum Phylogenetics of Piptatherum s.l. (Poaceae: Stipeae): Evidence for a new genus, Piptatheropsis, and resurrection of Patis Konstantin Romaschenko,1,2 Paul M. Peterson,2 Robert J. Soreng,2 Oksana Futorna3 & Alfonso Susanna1 1 Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC−ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013, U.S.A. 3 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine Author for correspondence: Paul M. Peterson, [email protected] Abstract Historically, there has been taxonomic confusion among agrostologists regarding the short-spikeleted Stipeae. We refer to these as the Oryzopsis/Piptatherum complex which consists of short-spikeleted species with coriaceous to cartilaginous and often caducous-awned lemmas, and florets with a blunt callus. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 53 species that have been associated with this complex using four plastid regions (ndhF, rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron) in combination with lemma micromorphology to infer evolutionary relationships. Piptatherum as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic and is found in five strongly supported clades in our maximum likelihood tree. Based on our phylogenetic and morphological evidence we recognize a Eurasian Piptatherum s.str., propose a new genus, Piptatheropsis, to include five North American species, and resurrect the genus Patis to include three species, two from Eurasia and one from North America. We provide morphological descriptions of Patis, Piptatherum, and Piptatheropsis, and provide keys to the genera and species of the Oryzopsis/Piptatherum complex. -
INTRODUCTION This Check List of the Plants of New Jersey Has Been
INTRODUCTION This Check List of the Plants of New Jersey has been compiled by updating and integrating the catalogs prepared by such authors as Nathaniel Lord Britton (1881 and 1889), Witmer Stone (1911), and Norman Taylor (1915) with such other sources as recently-published local lists, field trip reports of the Torrey Botanical Society and the Philadelphia Botanical Club, the New Jersey Natural Heritage Program’s list of threatened and endangered plants, personal observations in the field and the herbarium, and observations by other competent field botanists. The Check List includes 2,758 species, a botanical diversity that is rather unexpected in a small state like New Jersey. Of these, 1,944 are plants that are (or were) native to the state - still a large number, and one that reflects New Jersey's habitat diversity. The balance are plants that have been introduced from other countries or from other parts of North America. The list could be lengthened by hundreds of species by including non-persistent garden escapes and obscure waifs and ballast plants, many of which have not been seen in New Jersey since the nineteenth century, but it would be misleading to do so. The Check List should include all the plants that are truly native to New Jersey, plus all the introduced species that are naturalized here or for which there are relatively recent records, as well as many introduced plants of very limited occurrence. But no claims are made for the absolute perfection of the list. Plant nomenclature is constantly being revised. Single old species may be split into several new species, or multiple old species may be combined into one. -
Flora of North America North of Mexico
Flora of North America North of Mexico Edited by FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE VOLUME 24 MagnoUophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Foaceae, part 1 Edited by Mary E. Barkworth, Kathleen M. Capéis, Sandy Long, Laurel K. Anderton, and Michael B. Piep Illustrated by Cindy Talbot Roché, Linda Ann Vorobik, Sandy Long, Annaliese Miller, Bee F Gunn, and Christine Roberts NEW YORK OXFORD • OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS » 2007 Oxford Univei;sLty Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York /Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Copyright ©2007 by Utah State University Tlie account of Avena is reproduced by permission of Bernard R. Baum for the Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada, ©Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada, 2007. The accounts of Arctophila, Dtipontui, Scbizacbne, Vahlodea, xArctodiipontia, and xDiipoa are reproduced by permission of Jacques Cayouette and Stephen J. Darbyshire for the Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada, ©Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada, 2007. The accounts of Eremopoa, Leitcopoa, Schedoiioms, and xPucciphippsia are reproduced by permission of Stephen J. Darbyshire for the Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada, ©Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada, 2007. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Utah State University. -
Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Evidence for a Western North American Origin of Hawaiian and South American Species of Sanicula (Apiaceae)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 235–240, January 1998 Evolution Nuclear ribosomal DNA evidence for a western North American origin of Hawaiian and South American species of Sanicula (Apiaceae) PABLO VARGAS†,BRUCE G. BALDWIN‡, AND LINCOLN CONSTANCE Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465 Communicated by Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, November 7, 1997 (received for review July 17, 1997) ABSTRACT Results from phylogenetic analysis of nu- Raillardiopsis) ancestry of the Hawaiian silversword alliance clear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from (Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, Wilkesia) provides one unequivocal a worldwide sample of Sanicula indicate that Hawaiian example of such dispersal in the sunflower family (4–6). In this sanicles (Sanicula sect. Sandwicenses) constitute a monophy- paper, we provide phylogenetic evidence from nuclear ribo- letic group that descended from a western North American somal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for ancestor in Sanicula sect. Sanicoria, a paraphyletic assemblage another example of angiosperm dispersal from the Pacific of mostly Californian species. A monophyletic group compris- coast of temperate western North America to the Hawaiian ing representatives of all 15 species of S. sect. Sanicoria and the Islands involving Sanicula (Apiaceae). In addition, we show three sampled species of S. sect. Sandwicenses was resolved in evidence for two amphitropical dispersals of sanicles from all maximally parsimonious trees, rooted with sequences from temperate western North America to southern South America. species of Astrantia and Eryngium. All sequences sampled from eastern North American, European, and Asian species of MATERIALS AND METHODS Sanicula fell outside the ITS clade comprising S.