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U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs

December 1994, NCJ-1S1166 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993

By Brian A. Reaves, Ph.D. officers worked for the FBI, which FBI agents accounted for about a BJS Statistician employed 10,075 agents; the Federal fourth of Federal officers classified Bureau of Prisons (BOP), which had in the criminal investigation and en­ As of December 1993, Federal agen­ 9,984 correctional officers; or the Im­ forcementcategory. Nearly all of the cies employed about 69,000 full-time migration and Naturalization Service 10,075 FBI agents nationwide were personnel authorized 'to make arrests (INS), which reported 9,466 officers included in this category. These Fed­ and carry firearms. according to data as of December 1993 . eral officers have broad investigative • provided by the agencies in response to a survey conducted by the Bureau .; ,,: ,'~'::": "'X:":. "'.:' -- .. ",' " ~ :,' ::.'" ... 7" ...... ' , i .BIg' libgnts:\"t;'~ ';-i', '. ,,',:' .... '.''- .' ,: .-: .. , . '- '... of Justice Statistics (8JS). • " •• .' ." • ,': • \.'. .\ ~':;' • '" , -: •• '. .' ....~ • ~ .', .'. ", ~ ',:' •• .Q, •• " .... • ': :; '.' •• ~~ ", "

The survey's count of officers included Of about 69,000 Federal officers employed fuJI time In December 1993: all personnel with Federal arrest 40,002 performed duties related to criminal authority who were also authorized 58% (but not necessarily required) to carry investigation and enforcement firearms in the performance of their 11,073 worked in corrections, mostly as official duties. Supervisory personnel correctional officers in Federal prisons were included. The classification of 7,127 performed duties primarily officers by job function was provided related to police response and patrol 10% by the responding agencies. 5,852 performed duties related to court 9% operations The survey did not include police offi­ cers, criminal investigators, and other 3,945 had security and protection law enforcement personnel of the U.S. responsibilities Armed Forces. It also excluded U.S. Coast Guard personnel and Federal • The largest employers of Federal • About half of all Federal officers were officers serving in foreign countries officers, accounting for 58% of the employed in California (9,006), Texas or U.S. territories. total,'were the U.S. Customs Service (7,761), New York (6,305), the District (10,120), the FBI (10,075), the Bureau of Columbia (6,133), or Florida (4,362). Major empl!lyers of Federal offlcer3 of Prisons (9,984), and the Immigration Fewer than 100 were employed in New ~, and Naturalization Service (9,466). Hampshire, Delaware, and Wyoming. Department of Ju~tfc!3 agencies • The Administrative Office of the U.S. • Nationwide, there were 2.7 Federal Overall, half of all FE)jeral officers Courts, the U.S. Marsha!s Service, the officers per 10,000 U.S. residents, rang­ • authorized to make a'rrests and carry FBI, the Drug Enforcement Administra­ ing from 106 per 10,000 residents in the firearms were employed by agencies tion, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco District of Columbia to less than 1 per located within the Department of Jus­ and Firearms, and the IRS employed 10,000 in Arkansas, Mississippi, Ohio, tice (table 1). Three in seven Federal one or more officers in every State. Wisconsin, New Hampshire, and Iowa. • responsibilities covering more than 250 category as of December 1993. This the police response and patrol cate- Federal crimes. The FBI also has con­ total included 2,881 immigration gory, representing 55% of all Federal current jurisdiction with the Drug En­ inspectors with law enforcement re­ officers in that category. Border Patro forcement Administration (DEA) over sponsibilities at ports of entry and agents interdict undocumented aliens ..,a drug offenses under the Controlled 1 ,576 criminal investigators rpsponsi­ and contraband, including narcotics, Substances Act ble for investigating alleged crimes between ports of entry. within the jurisdiction of INS. The INS was also a major employer The INS also employed 1,089 deten­ of Federal officers performi1ig criminal Also included among the nearly 10,000 tion and deportation officers. These investigation and enforcement func­ INS officers nationwide were 3,920 officers are included under the tions, with 4,457 reported in that Border Patrol agents classified under corrections category and are the only

Table 1. Federal agencies employing 500 or more full-time officers with authority to carry firearms and make arrests, by function and major States of employment, December 1993

Police Criminal response Investigation Agency Total and patrol and enforcement Other Major States of employment

U.S. Customs Service 10,120 43 10,077 0 Texas (1,764), Califomia (1 ,581), New York (1 ,249) Florida (1,174), Arizona (434), New Jersey (421) Federal Bureau of Investigation 10,075 0 10,000 75 District of Columbia (1,356), New York (1,206), California (1,191), Texas (743), Florida (549), Illinois (448), Pennsylvania (393), Virginia (368) Federal Bureau of Prisons 9,984 0 0 9,984 Pennsylvania (1,161), California (949), Texas (919), New York (626), Florida (608), Georgia (538), Colorado (472), Kentucky (467) Immigration and Naturalization Service 9,466 3,920· 4,457 1,089 Texas (2,547), California (2,352), New York (846), Arizona (651), Florida (514) Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 3,763 0 0 3,763 Texas (366), California (360), Florida (295), New York (270), Georgia (212), Illinois (144) Internal Revenue Service 3,621 0 3,621 0 California (407), New York (371), Texas (307), Florida (215), Illinois (214), Pennsylvania (176), District of Columbia (149), Ohio (144) U.S. Postal Inspection Service 3,587 0 2,129 1,458 New York (580), California (492), Illinois (285), District of Columbia (254), Pennsylvania (253), New Jersey (196), Texas (163), Florida (150) Drug Enforcement Administration 2,813 0 2,813 0 California (458), Florida (375), New York (362), Texas (340), Illinois (114) U.S. Secret Service 2,186 0 1,594 592 District of Columbia (1,063), New York (166), California (155), Texas (123), Florida (105) National Park Service 2,160 439 1,563 158 Ranger Activities Division 1,500 0 1,500 0 Not available U.S. Park Police 660 4:39 63 158 District of Columbia (423), New York (64), Maryland (63), California (55), Virginia (32) U.S. Marshals Service 2,153 0 0 2,153 California (194), District of Columbia (165), New York (154), Florida (145), Texas (128) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 1,959 0 1,832 127 California (182), District of Columbia (151), Texas (151), Illinois (129), New York (128), Florida (126), Michigan (97), Georgia (84) U.S. Capitol Police 1,080 122 41 917 District of Columbia (1,080) Tennessee Valley Authority 740 357 0 383 Tennessee (456), Alabama (250) U.S. Forest Service 732 527 205 0 California (191), Oregon (73), Arizona (39), Idaho (34), Montana (34), Colorado (32) General Services Administration- 732 505 66 161 District of Columbia (200), California (79), Federal Protective Services Texas (55), New York (52), Missouri (51), Massachusetts (37), Illinois {3~) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 620 397 223 0 Alaska (45), Texas (44), North Dakota (35), Arizona (25), Oklahoma (25), Montana (24) Note: State of employment was unavailable for 70 U.S. Marshals providing Federal court security. ·Border Patrol agents.

2 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 &

personnel other than Bureau of Pris- full-time officers. Nearly all of these Office of the U.S. Courts. Of the ons correctional officers included officers performed duties primarily 3,587 officers employed by the Postal that category. related to criminal investigation and Service in December 1993, 2,129 • enforcement functions, and they (59%) were classified under the crimi­ In addition to the FBI, the INS, and the accounted for about a fourth of all nal investigation and enforcement BOP, the other major Justice Depart­ Federal officers performing such category. The remaining 1,458 pro­ ment employers were the DEA and the functions nationwide. vided security for Postal Service U.S. Marshals Service: employees, facilities, and assets. Customs Service investigation and In December 1993 there were 2,813 enforcement personnel included Nearly two-thirds of the 5,852 Federal full-time DEA agents working in the 7,36G j"'~'3pectors and 2,717 criminal officers classified under the area of United States, all classified in the inv"" ~!igators. Among other duties, court operations were employed by the criminal investigation and enforcement these Federal officers interdict and Administrative Office of the U.S. category. These Federal officers in­ seize contraband entering the United Courts, Division of Probation and Pre­ vestigate major narcotics violators, en­ States, process persons and items trial Services. These 3,763 officers force regulations governing the manu­ entering the United States at ports were primarily responsible for the facture and dispensing of controlled of entry, administer certain naviga­ supervision of Federal offenders on substances, and perform a variety of tionallaws, and conduct revenue probation or parole and the arrest other functions in support of drug traf­ fraud investigations. of violators. ficking prevention and control. In addition to the Customs Service, The National Park Service was the The U.S. Marshals Service accounted the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), only other Federal agency employing for more than a third of the Federal the U.S. Secret Service, and the more than 2,000 full-time personnel officers classified as performing Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Fire­ with arrest and firearms authority. The functions primarily related to court arms (A TF) also employed large total included 660 full-time officers of operations. Among other duties, numbers of Federal officers within the the U.S. Park Police. Although most these multipurpose officers- Treasury Department. As of Decem­ Park Police officers were employed in a-execute warrants and orders issued ber 1993, there were 3,621 full-time the Washington, D.C., area, they are Wby Federal courts I RS agents nationwide, all classified authorized to provide police services - conduct fugitive investigations under the criminal investigation and throughout the National Park System. - arrest dangerous fugitives enforcement category. These The Park Service also reported that - maintain custody of Feder~11 pretrial officers primarily investigate tax fraud. 1,500 park rangers (a third of all rang­ detainees ers) throughout the system were com­ - receive and transport Ferieral The U.S. Secret Service employed missioned as law enforcement officers. prisoners 2,186 officers. This total included 592 Another 800 rangers who served on - provide security for the Fejeral officers providing dignitary protection, a seasonal basis were also commis­ courts and judiciary as well as security for Treasury sioned officers. - manage the Federal Witness Department buildings and 1,594 offi­ Security Program cers with criminal investigation and Other Federal agencies that reported - manage the asset seizure and enforcement responsibilities primarily the employment of more than 500 full­ forfeiture program of the De!'.actment related to counterfeiting, computer time personnel authorized to make ar­ of Justice . fraud, and threats against dignitaries. rests and carry firearms included the - suppress riots on Federal lands following: or in Federal prisons The ATF had 1 ,959 full-time agents, - escort missile convoys. who were primarily responsible for The U.S. Capitol Police employed investigating the criminal use of fire­ 1 ,080 officers, with most providing Treasury Department agencies arms and explosives and for enforcing security and protection services (68%) Federal laws that tax or regulate alco­ or police response and patrol services About a fourth of all Federal officers hol and tobacco. Nearly all (94%) (11 %) for the U.S. Capitol grounds and worked for Treasury Department were classified under the area of crimi­ buildings. agencies. The largest employer was nal investigation and enforcement. the U.S. Customs Service, with 10,120 The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Other agencies employed 740 officers with about half JUstice Department appropriations for FY 1995 performing duties related to security • nclude funding for an additional 700 Border P&lrol agents under the 1994 Violent Crime Con­ The two largest employers of Federal and protection at nuclear and fossil trol and Law Enforcement Act, as well as authorization to add 394 FBI agents and 132 officers outside of the Justice and fuel plants, and about half providing DEA agents, returning staffing in those agencies Treasury Departments were the U.S. police response and patrol services. to 1992 levels. Postal Service and the Administrative Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 3 -, ±

The U.S. Forest Service had 732 Table 2, Number of full-time Federal officers authorized to carry firearms officers providing either police and make arrests, by Job function and State, December 1993 response and patrol services (72%) Police Criminal or investigative services (28%) for response investigation/ Security/ Court National forests and their users. State Total and [latrol enforcement Qrotection o[lerations Corrections Other U.S. total 68,825 7,127 40,002 3,945 5,852 11,073 826 The General Services Administration Alabama 888 78 283 207 120 198 2 (GSA) employed 732 officers serving Alaska 234 43 162 0 27 2 0 Federal buildings and property Arizona 2,103 547 1,027 0 134 392 3 throughout the United States. Sixty- Arkansas 227 30 130 5 60 1 1 nine percent of these officers pro- California 9,006 1,570 5,386 257 554 1,207 32 Colorado 1,084 82 394 61 61 486 0 vided police response and patrol Connecticut 451 9 240 20 48 134 0 services, and another 9% wer.e pri- Delaware 81 15 46 0 19 0 1 marily involved in criminal investi- District of Columbia 6,133 6::15 2,793 1,883 229 12 611 gation. Florida 4,362 92 3,067 45 440 712 6 Georgia 1,866 71 919 21 275 547 33 Hawaii 483 B 437 0 31 6 1 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Idaho 178 63 90 0 20 4 1 had 620 full-time employees with illinois 2,365 49 1,575 144 214 375 8 arrest and firearms autliority. About Indiana 585 7 258 0 77 239 4 two-thirds of these employees were Iowa 123 1 81 0 40 0 1 Kansas 441 6 124 0 45 266 0 refuge officers, 90% with collateral Kentucky 829 30 210 37 82 468 2 law enforcement duties and 10% Louisiana 1,254 52 663 21 126 389 3 with full-time law enforcement Maine 303 33 229 0 24 17 0 responsibilities. The remaining third Maryland 892 89 595 70 119 11 8 Vlere special agents responsible Massachusetts 989 49 783 46 67 37 7 for criminal investigation. Michigan 1,523 56 1,081. 36 148 198 4 Minnesota 734 41 345 0 55 290 3 Mississippi 236 14 150 0 70 1 1 Agency employment by State Missouri 1,014 56 545 30 124 253 6 Montana 306 141 139 0 23 3 0 Department of Justice agencie ... Nebraska 172 23 113 0 32 3 1 Nevada 344 27 223 0 62 32 0 New Hampshire 55 5 33 0 17 0 0 The FBI reported employing more New Jersey 1,755 14 1,219 89 117 314 2 than a third (37%) of its agents in New Mexico 633 276 291 0 58 6 2 New York (1,206), California (1,191), New York 6,305 248 4,427 421 424 761 24 Texas (743), or Florida (549); how- North Carolina 721 32 365 0 136 188 0 ever, it employed tile highest number North Dakota 251 97 123 0 30 1 0 Ohio 903 13 704 24 156 3 3 in the District of Columbia (1,356). Oklahoma 608 41 244 0 92 231 0 Half of all FB.I agents were employed Oregon 596 98 283 0 64 148 3 in one of these five jurisdictions. Pennsylvania 2,820 73 1,161 177 213 1,170 26 There were at least seven full-time Rhode Island 114 21 72 0 20 0 1 FBI agents in every State. South Carolina 461 16 232 0 80 132 1 South Dakota 158 45 43 0 34 36 0 Tennessee 1,211 282 411 206 127 183 2 The INS employed 2,352 officers, a Texas 7,761 1,643 4,451 44 494 1,117 12 fourth of its total force, in California. Utah 249 42 166 0 39 2 0 Fifty-three percent of this total were Vermont 269 59 179 0 19 12 0 Border Patrol agents, and 36% were Virginia 1,274 56 907 0 158 150 3 Washington 1,058 128 778 30 102 14 6 criminal investigators. Overall,72% West Virginia 344 3 105 1 66 167 2 of Border Patrol agents were em- Wisconsin 410 17 179 0 59 155 0 ployed in either Texas (1,564) or Cali- Wyoming 93 31 41 0 21 0 0 fornia (1,248), with another 17% employed in the other Mexican-border Undesignated" 1,570 0 1,500 70 0 0 0 States of Arizona (436) and New Note: Excludes Armed Forces and Coast Guard personnel. Includes inspector general offices Mexico (212). About 8% of Border for the General Services Administration and the Departments of Agriculture, Defense, and Justice. Patrol officers were employed in the "Incluces 1,500 park rangers commissioned by the National Park Service to perform law enforcement duties and 70 U.S. Marshals providing court security. A State-by-State breakdown was not available 11 States that border Canada. for these employees.

4 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 , I ., W M•

Fifty-one percent of INS criminal investigators were employed in Califor­ Table 3. Number of full-time Federal officers per 10,000 U.S. reSidents, by Job function and State, December 1993 Aia (F346), Texas (785), or New York ~646), with another 8% based in Flor­ Number of officers per 10,000 residents ida (353). About a third of the U.S. Population Patrol! population resided in these four States in 1993 Total investigative Other in 1993. The INS reported having at least one investigator based in every U.S. total 257,908,000 2.7 1.8 0.8 State except Delaware, Iowa, South Alabama 4,187,000 2.1 0.9 1.3 Alaska 599,000 3.9 3.4 0.5 Dakota, and West Virginia, Arizona 3,936,000 5.3 4.0 1.3 Arkansas 2,424,000 0.9 0.7 0.3 The BOP employed more correctional California 31,211,000 2.9 2.2 0.7 officers in Pennsylvania (1,161) than in Colorado 3,566,000 3.0 1.3 1.7 Connecticut 3,277,000 1.4 0.8 0.6 any other State, followed by California Delaware 670,000 1.2 0.9 0.3 (949) and Texas (919). Overall, BOP District of Columbia 578,000 106.1 58.8 47.3 officers were employed in 29 States. Florida 13,679,000 3.2 2.3 0.9 Georgia 6,917,000 2.7 1.4 1.3 The DEA reported having agents in HawaIi 1,172,000 4.1 3.8 0.3 every State, ranging from a minimum Idaho 1,099,000 1.6 1.4 0.2 IllinoiS 11,697,000 2.0 1.4 0.6 of 4 in several States to more than 300 Indiana 5,713,000 1.0 0.5 0.6 in California (458), Florida (375), New Iowa 2,814,000 0.4 0.3 0.1 York (362), and Texas (340). Kansas 2,531,000 1.7 0.5 1.2 Kentucky 3,789,000 2.2 0.6 1.6 Louisiana 4,295,000 2.9 1.7 1.3 The U.S. Marshals Service employed Maine 1,239,000 2.4 2.1 0.3 at least 8 officers in every State, with Maryland 4,965,000 1.8 1.4 0.4 California (194), the District of Colum­ Massachusetts 6,012,000 1.6 1.4 0.3 bia (165), New York (154), Florida Michigan 9,478,000 1.6 1.2 0.4 _145), and Texas (128) being the Minnesota 4,517,000 1.6 0.9 0.8 wnajor States of employment. Mississippi 2,643,000 0.9 0.6 0.3 Missouri 5,234,000 1.9 1.1 0.8 Montana 839,000 3.6 3.3 0.3 Treasury Department agencies Nebraska 1,607,000 1.1 0.8 0.2 Nevada 1,389,000 2.5 1.8 0.7 Like the INS, the U.S. Customs Serv­ New Hampshire 1,125,000 0.5 0.3 0.2 ice employed a majority (57%) of its New Jersey 7,879,000 2.2 1.6 0.7 full-time officers in the four largest New Mexico 1,616,000 3.9 3.5 0.4 New York 18,197,000 3.5 2.6 0.9 States. It employed 1,581 officers in North Carolina 6,945,000 1.0 0.6 0.5 California, about a sixth of the Federal North Dakota 635,000 4.0 3.5 0.5 officers in that State. Its presence was Ohio 11,091,000 0.8 0.6 0.2 even greater in Texas, where it em­ Oklahoma 3,231,000 1.9 0.9 1.0 Oregon 3,032,000 2.0 1.3 0.7 ployed 1,764 officers, nearly a fourth Pennsylvania 12,049,000 2.3 1.0 1.3 of all Federal officers working in that Rhode Island 1,000,000 1.1 0.9 0.2 State. New York (1,249) and Florida South Carolina 3,643,000 1.3 0.7 0.6 (1,174) were the only other States with South Dakota 715,000 2.2 1.2 1.0 more than 1,000 U.S. Customs offi­ Tennessee 5,099,000 2.4 1.4 1.0 cers. At least one U.S. Customs offi­ Texas 18,031,000 4.3 3.4 0.9 Utah 1.3 cer was based in every State except 1,860,000 1.1 0.2 r Vermont 576,000 4.7 4.1 0.5 South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Virginia 6,491,000 2.0 1.5 0.5 Wyoming. Washington 5,255,000 2.0 1.7 0.3 West Virginia 1,820,000 1.9 0.6 1.3 Wisconsin 5,038,000 0.8 0.4 OA The Internal Revenue Service em­ Wyoming 470,000 2.0 1.5 0.4 I ployed at least 1 full-time officer in Note: Excludes Armed Forces and Coast Guard personnel. Includes inspector each State, ranging from over 300 in general offices for the General Services Administration and the Departments I California (407), New York (371), and of Agriculture, Defense, and Justice. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. I .Texas (307) to i in Vermont.

Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 5 • Hi About half of the officers employed by the U.S. Secret Service were based Total Federal officer employment, by State in the District of Columbia (1,063), with another quarter based in New York Number of officers mostly as Border Patrol agents. In (166), California (155), Texas (123) or addition to the District of Columbia Florida (105). Overall, about 9,000 Federal offi­ (605), there were 4 oUler States with cers, or 1 in 8, were employed in more than 200 full-time Federal offi­ The ATF employed at least 3 agents California, a State that also account­ cers working in the area of police in every State, with more than 100 ed 'for about 1 in 8 U.S. residents response and patrol: Arizona (547), in California (182), the District of in 1993. The next highest numbers Tennessee (282), New Mexico Columbia (151), Texas (151), Illinois of Federal officers were located in (276), and New York (248). (129), New York (128), and Florida Texas (7,761), New York (6,305), (126). the District of Col umbia (6,133), and Ratio of officers to residents Florida (4,362) (table 2). Other agencies Overall, there were 2.7 Federal offi­ Additional States with more than cers per 10,000 U.S. residents (table The Administrative Office of the U.S. 2,000 Federal officers included 3). The District of Columbia, with Courts employed a minimum of 9 offi­ Pennsylvania (2,820), Illinois (2,365), 106.1, had the highest ratio of Fed­ cers in 3 States (New Hampshire, Ver­ and Arizona (2,103). Nine other eral officers per 10,000 residents. mont, Wyoming), with the major States States had at least 1,000 full-time Arizona was a distant second with of employment being Texas (366), Federal officers: Georgia, New Jer­ 5.3 officers per 10,000 residents. California (360), Florida (295), and sey, Michigan, Virginia, Louisiana, There was less than 1 Federal offi­ New York (270). Tennessee, Colorado, Washington, cer per 10,000 residents in Arkan­ and Missouri. There were fewer sas, Mississippi, Ohio, Wisconsin, The U.S. Postal Service employed than 100 full-time Federal officers in New Hampshire, and Iowa. at least one officer in every State Wyoming (93), Delaware (81), and except North Dakota, South Dakota, New Hampshire (55). Officers whose primary duties were and Vermont. More than 250 Postal related to DO lice response and patrol Service officers were employed in About half of the 40,002 full-time or criminal investigation and enforce­ New York (580), California (492), Federal officers performing criminal ment comprised 68% of all Federal Illinois (285), the District of Columbia investigation and enforcement func­ officers. There were 1.8 such offi­ (254), and Pennsylvania (253). tions were employed in California cers per 10,000 residents nation­ (5,386), Texas (4,451), New York wide. In the District of Columbia, No information was available on the (4,427), Florida (3,067), or the Dis­ there were 59 Federal officers pro­ States where the National Park Serv­ trict of Columbia (2,793). The other viding patrol or investigative services ice's commissioned rangers were States with more than 1,000 Federal for every 10,000 residents. The next employed; however, the U.S. Park officers working in the area of crimi­ highest ratios were in Arizona and Police reported that about two-thirds nal investigation and enforcement Vermont, where the Federal Govern­ (64%) of its officers were employed were Illinois, New Jersey, Pennsyl­ ment employed about 4 patrol or in the District of Columbia (423). vania, Michigan, and Arizona. investigative officers per 10,000 resi­ Most of the remainder were working dents. Two agencies, the INS and in Ne\; York (64), Maryland (63), Nearly half (45%) 0; (he 7,127 Fed­ the Customs Service, employed 65% California (55), or Virginia (32). eral officers whose duties primarily of the Federal patrol and investiga­ involved providing police response tive officers in Arizona and 90% of The U.S. Capitol Police employed all and patrol were employed in Texas such officers in Vermont. 1,080 of its officers in the District of (1,643) and California (1,570), Columbia, making it second only to the FBI as an employer of Federal officers in that jurisdiction. About a fourth of U.S. Forest Service of Columbia (200). Another 11 % The TVA, as its name implies, em­ officers were employed in California worked in California (79). ployed most (62%) of its 740 officers (191), and a tenth were employed in in Tennessee (456); it employed about Oregon (73). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service em­ a third of them in Alabama (250). ployed officers in all States, excluding • The Federal Protective Services the District of Columbia. Alaska (45), branch of GSA employed about a Texas (44), and North Dakota (35) had fourth of its officers in the District the largest numbers of these officers.

6 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 Appendix table A. Federal agencies with authority to carry firearms and make arrests that were included In December 1993 survey Agency Selected key responsibilities Department of Agriculture • U.S. Forest Service Protect National Forest lands, animals, resources, and users Office of Inspector General Investigate fraud and other criminal actf> related to USDA operations Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Enforce Federal laws and international treaties on hunting and fishing Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service Department of Defense Office of Inspector General Investigate fraud and other criminal acts related to DOD operations Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs - Law Enforcement Enforce Federal and tribal laws on Indian reservations Bureau of Land Management Enforce Federal laws and regulations relating to public lands and resources

National Park Service - Ranger Activities Division About a third of the 4,500 full-time rangers nationwide are commissioned to investigate crimes and make arrests in the National Park system, as are 800 seasonally employed rangers National Park Service - U.S. Park Police Provide police services for the National Park system Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Investigate major narcotics violators at Interstate and international level Federal Bureau of Investigation Investigate a broad range of Federal crimes Federal Bureau of Prisons Control and transport prisoners; arrest prisoners Immigration and Naturalization Service The Border Patrol interdicts aliens and narcotics or other contraband between ports of entry; other INS programs investi£iate crimes committed within INS jurisdiction, detain and de~rt illegal aliens, and perform intelligence functions related to INS responsibilities U.S. Marshals Service Provide security for Federal courts; protect Federal judges, prosecutors, and JLirors; en- force Federal court orders; execute Federal fugitive warrants; transport Federal prison- ers; provide custody for Federal pretrial detainees; arrest violators; manage Federal Witness Security Program; control riots on Federal lands, in prisons, or for court orders; administer DOJ programs for judicial forfeiture Department of Transportation • Federal Air Marshals Armed in-flight intervention Department of the Treasury Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Investigate criminal use of firearms and explosives; enforce Federal alcohol and tobacco regulations Bureau of Engraving and Printing Police Enforce laws and regulations at Bureau facilities U.S. Customs Service Interdict and seize contraband entering the United States; process persons and property at ports of entry; investigate revenue fraud Internal Revenue Service Investigate tax fraud U.S. Secret Service Protect dignitaries and investigate threats against them; investigate counterfeiting and computer fraud; provide security for Treasury buildings in Washington, D.C. Department of Veterans Affairs Employed about 2,300 personnel with arrest authority who were providing security at VA facilities; however, only 11 met the firearms authorization criteria of this survey Other Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts Supervise Federal offenders on probation and parole; arrest violators Amtrak Police Provide police services for Amtrak facilities and eqUipment nationwide U.S. Capitol Police Provide police services for U.S. Capitol buildings and grounds Environmental Protection Agency- Enforce criminal environmental statutes Office of Criminal Enforcement GSA Federal Protective Services Provide security for Federal buildings and property nationwide Government Printing Office Police Provide security for GPO facilities U.S. Postal Inspection Service Enforce laws pertaining to the mails; provide security for postal facilities and employees Smithsonian National Zoological Park Police Provide police services at National Zoo and perimeter grounds U.S. Supreme Court Police Provide police services for Supreme Court buildings and grounds Tennessee Valley Authority - Public Safety Service Provide police and fire services for TV A facilities and lands Source: William A. Geller and Norval Morris. "Relations between Federal and Local Police," in Modern Po/icing, vol. 15, eds. Michael Tonry • and Norval Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992: 322-35.

Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 7 ------~------

Function definitions

Police response and patrol-Includes personnel whose duties are primarily Reserve your copy today! related to preventive patrol, responding to complaints and reports of illegal or • Law Enforcement Management Law Enforcement Management disruptive activities, arresting law viola­ and Administrative Statistics, 1993: tors, traffic control, crowd control, and Administrative Statistics, 1993: Data for Indivldunl Slate and LocaI handling of emergencies, or other .Data for Individual State and Local Agencies with 100 or More Omcers traditional law enforcement responsi­ Agencies with 100 or More Officers bilities. The 2nd comprehensive report Criminal investigation and enforce­ of data provided by local ment-Includes personnel whose law enforcement agencies­ duties are primarily related to collection available in early 1995 of evidence, interdiction and seizure if you send in your order now! of contraband, electronic surveillance, execution of search warrants, analysis • Personnel data; number of full-time • Operations data: Enforcement and • Computerization: Types of swom and civilian employees, swom investigative functions, type of 911 computers and Automated Fingerprint of information, arrest of suspects, employees per 10,000 reSidents, systems, lockup facilities, special Identifications System facilities percent change since 1990 in number functions operated; types of computerized development of cases for prosecution, of full-time employees; Job classIfica­ Information files maintained or other investigative and enforcement tions; educational, reSidency, and • Vehicles: number of cars operated, Itraining requirements for recruits ratio of cars to officers, vehicle use • Programs and policies: Special units duties pertaining to Federal laws policies, vehicles other than cars, for youth and family problems; :Expendlture e:ld pay data: operatlnq additional special units; written policy and/or regulations. expenditures, starting salanes, specl, • Weapons and armor: Types of directives and overtime pay, collective bargain­ sidearms authorized or supplied; body Ing. membership organizations armor policies and types of non letha; • Drug enforcement activities; weapons authorized applicant and employee drug testing Security and protection-Includes policies guards and other personnel whose I duties are primarily related to providing ,: ~ Yes! Send me 1 copy of NCJ 148825 security for Federal buildings, courts, Notice of change Law Enforcement Management and Administrative records, assets, or other property or in distribution Statistics, 1993 policy to providing protection for Federal Name Government officials, judges, prosecu­ Because of the increased cost of Organization printing, postage, shipping, and Address • tors, jurors, foreign dignitaries, or other handling, BJS can no longer mail designated persons. large documents without a specific City, State, ZIP indIvidual order i Daytime phone:

Readers will continue to receive Fax to 410·792-4358 or mail to: Court operations--Includes pretrial Bulletins and SPecial Reports but must order lar9' ··'lal reports such Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse service officers, probation officers, as Law Enforcement Management parole officers, and other personnel and Administrative Slatlstlcs by P.O. Box 179 uSing the order form on this page. Annapolis Junction, MD 20701·0179 whose duties are primarily related to pretrial investigation, probation super­ vision, parole supervision, arresting probation or parole violators, executing warrants, serving civil process, witness Methodological note: For some BJS reports are written principally protection, or other activities related agencies, supplemental data pro­ by BJS staff. Brian A. Reaves to the operation of the Federal court vided by the Office of Personnel wrote this report. Helen Graziadei system. Management were used to provide assisted in collecting the data. more complete breakdowns on job Pheny Z. Smith provided statistical Corrections-Includes correctional function and States} of employment. review. Tom Hester edited the officers, detention guards, and other report. It was produced by Yvonne personnel whose duties are primarily Boston under the supervision of related to the custody, control, supervi­ Marilyn Marbrook. sion, or transportation of pretrial de­ tainees, prison inmates, or detained December 1994, NCJ-1S1166 illegal aliens. •

8 Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1993 BJS DATA ON CD-ROM Crime Victimization Data, 1973-1991 The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) presents crime victimization data on CD-ROM. Prepared by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) at the University of M~chigan, the CD-ROM contains National Crime Victimization Survey data sets, including the following:

• 1986-1990 Longitudinal File • 1991 Full File • Incident level Files • Rape Victim Sample

The BJS Crime Victimiza­ tion Data CO .. ROM contains ASCII files that require the use of specific statistical software packages and does not contain full-text publications. SAS and SPSS setup files are provided.

This CD-ROM can be purchased from the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse for $15. It is available free through ICPSR member institutions.

For more information, call 1-800-732-3277

To order your copy of the BJS Crime Victimization Data CD-ROM, please send a check or money order made out to the BJS Clearinghouse to Box 179, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701-0179. You may also purchase the CD-ROM by using VISA or MasterCard. Please include type of card, card holder's name and address, card number, and expiration date for processing. To expedite service, you may fax your order to (410) 792-4358. Credit Card Number Expiration Date ______

NameandAddress~Ca~Ho~~ ______~~~.~ __~_~_~~ Now you can receive BJS press releases and other current data from the NCJRS Electronic Bulletin Board!

The Electronic Bulletin Board provides quick and easy access to new information­ use your personal computer and modem, set at 8-N-1 (rates 300 to 2400 baud), and call 301-738-8895, 24 hours a day. Once online, you will be able to review current news and announcements from BJS and its Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, including new publication listings • and conference calendars. For more information about the Bulletin Board, call 1-800-732-3277.

• - • • Bureau of Justice Statistics BJS technical reports Courts Law Enforcement Management New directions for NCS, NCJ·115571, 3/89 reports Series crimes; Report of a field test, BJS bulletins and Administrative Statistics Prosecutors In State cOUlts (Revised November 1994) NCJ·l04615,4/87 LEMAS,1990: Dala for Individual agencies, 1992, NCJ-145319. 1?J93 100 or more officers, NCJ·134436, 9/92 nlonofree 800·732-3277 to order BJS 1990, NCJ·134500, 3/92 _ Corrections Felony senl'snces In State courta BJS bulletins and special reports orts, to be added to one of the BJS Census of Stete and local law enforcement . IIIng lists, or to speak to a reference BJS bulletins and special reporls 1990, NCJ-140186, 3/93 Prisoners In 1993, NCJ-147036, 6/94 1988, NCJ·126923, 12190 agencies 1992, NCJ·142912. 7/93 specialist In statistics at the Bureau of Women!n prison. NCJ-145321, 3/94 Pretrial release of felony defendants Drug enforcement by police and sheriffs' Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, Capital punishment 1992, NCJ-145031, 1992, NCJ-14SS18, 10/94 departments, 1990, NCJ·134505, 5/92 P.O. 80)( 179, Annapolis Junction, MD 12193 1990, NCJ·139560, 11192 State and local police departments, 1990, 20701·0179; or fax orders to 410-792· HIV In U.S. prisons and Jails, NCJ·143292. Criminal defense forthe poor, 1986, NCJ-133284,2/92 4358, For drugs and crime data, cali the 9/93 NCJ·l1~919, 9/88 Sheriffs' departments, 1990, NCJ-133283, Drugs 8. Crime Data Center 8. Clearing' Drug enforcement and !reMment 2192 BJS special reports Police departments In large clUe:;, 1987, house, 1600 Research Blvd., Rockvllie, In prisons, 1990, NCJ·134724, 7/92 Felony sentences In the United States, Violent State prisoners and thalr victims, NCJ-119220, 8/89 MD 20850, toll·free 800·666·3332, NCJ-149077,10/94 NCJ·124133,7/90 Profile of State and loc"i law enforcement Murder In families, NCJ·143498, 7/94 agencies, 1967, NCJ,,113949, 3/89 BJS maintains these mailing lists: Prison rule violators, NCJ·120344, 12189 Murder In large urban counties, 1988, • Law enforcement reports Recidivism of prisoners released In 1983, NCJ-140814,3I93 • Federal statistics NCJ·116261,4/89 Recidivism of lelons on probation, Drugs and crime Drug une and crime: State prison Inmate • Drugs and crime data 1986-89, NCJ·134177, 2192 State drug resources; 1994 national survey, 1986, NCJ·111940, 7/88 • Justice expenditure and employment Felony case processing In Stote courts, directory, NCJ'14770S, 10/94 Time served In prison and on parole, 1984. 1986, NCJ·121753, 2190 • Privacy and security of criminal histories NCJ·l08544,12187 Drugs and crime facls, 1993, NCJ·146246, 8/94 and criminal justice Information policy Profile of State prison Inmates, 1986, Felony defendants In large urban counties: Drugs, crime, and the justice system: • BJS bulletins and special reports NCJ-l09926.1/88 National Pretrial Reporting Program A national report, NCJ-133652, 5/93 • Siale felony courts Imprisonment In (OUI countries, 1992. NCJ·148826, 11/94 Technical appendix, NCJ-139578, el93 Cntalog of selected Federal publications • Corrections NCJ·l03967,2/87 1990, NCJ-141872, 5/93 National Judicial Reporting Program on Illegal drug and alcohol abuse, • Nal/onal Crime Victimization SUlVey Comparing Federa! and State prison NCJ·139562,6/92, • Sourceboo!\ of Criminal Justice 1990, NCJ-145323, 12193 Inmates, 1991, NCJ·145664, 10/94 1988, NCJ·135945, 1/93 Federal drug data for national pt>~lcy, Stal/stics (annual) Profile of Inmates In the U.S. and In England Felons sentenced to probation In Slate NCJ·122715,4/90 and Walell, 1991, NCJ·145863, 10194 Single copies of reports are free; use title courts, 1986, NCJ·124944, 11/90 National Corrections Reporting Program: Felony defendants In large urban counties, Feci'eral justice statistics and NCJ numberto order. Postage and 1992, NCJ-145862, 10/94 handling are charged for bulk orders 1988, NCJ-122385, 4/90 Federal drug case processing, 1985·91. with 1991, NCJ-145B61, 2194 Felony laws of 50 States and the District of of Single reports. For single caples of Correctional populations In the U.S.: preliminary data for 1992, NCJ·144392, 3/94 Columbia, 1986, NGJ-l05066, 2188, $14.60 Federal criminal case processing, 1982·91, multiple titles, up to 10 titles are tree; 1991, NCJ-142729, 8/93 Stale court model statistical dictionary: 11·40 titles $10; more than 40, $20; 1990, NCJ·134946, 7/92 with preliminary data lor 1992. Supplement, NCJ·98326, 9/ao NCJ-144526,11/93 libraries call for special rates. Survey of State prison Inmates, 1991, 1st edition, NCJ·62320, 9/80, $10.60 N CJ-136949, 5/93 Compendium of Federal Justice sta/lstics: 1990, NCJ·143499, 9/93 Public-use tapes, disks, and CD-ROM's Census of State and Federal correctional Privacy and security of BJS data sets and other criminal Justice facilities, 1990, NCJ-1371l03, 6192 Federal offenses and offenders data are available from the National Prisons and prisoners In the United States, Criminal justice Information policy: Archive of Criminal Justice Data (formerly NCJ· t37002, 4/92 Use and management of crlm!l'Isl history BJS bulletins and special re~

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Please put me on the mailing list for: o Justice expenditure and employ­ o Corrections reports - Results of ment - Spending and staffing by sample surveys and censuses of jails, o Current BJS Publications Catalog Federal/State/local governments and prisons, parole, probation, and other ... o Law enforcement reports - by function (police, courts, correc­ corrections data _ National data on State and local tions, etc.) o National Crime Victimization police and sheriffs' departments: o Privacy and security of criminal Survey reports - The only ongoing operations, equipment, personnel, history Information and Informa national survey of crime victims salaries, spending, policies, and tlon pollcy- New State legislation; Sourcebook of Criminal Justice programs o maintaining and releasing Intelligence Statistics (annual) - Broad-based o Federal statistics - Federal case and Investigative records; data quality data from 150+ sources (400+ tables, processing: Investigation through o BJS bulletins & special reports­ 100+ figures, subject index, anno proaecution, adjudication, sentencing, Timely reports of the most current tated bibliography, addresses of Incarceration Justice data sources) o Drugs and crime - Sentencing and o State felony courts- Defendant o Send me a slgnup form for the time served by drug offenders, drug demographics and criminal history; NIJ Catalog (freF,i 6 times a year), use at time of crime by jail inmates pretrial release, prosecution, adJudi­ which abstracts both private and and State prisoners, and other quality cation, and sentencing; State felony government criminal Justice publica­ data on drugs, crime, and law laws; indigent defense tions and lists upcoming conferences enforcement and training sessions in the field.

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