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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol and Related Polyphenols Contribute to Their Potential Beneficial Effects in Aging

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol and Related Polyphenols Contribute to Their Potential Beneficial Effects in Aging Tavener SK, et al., J Food Sci Nutr 2020, 6: 079 DOI: 10.24966/FSN-1076/100079 HSOA Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Review Article Abbreviations Anti-Inflammatory Effects BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor C5: Complement 5 of Resveratrol and Related CCL2: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (aka MCP-1) Polyphenols Contribute to their CD: Cluster of differentiation COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2 Potential Beneficial Effects in CRP: C-reactive protein CXCL10: C-X-C motif chemokine 10 Aging FOXO: Forkhead transcription factor GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Selena K Tavener and Kiran S Panickar* HSP70: Heat shock protein 70 Science & Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas, ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 USA IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IL-6: Interleukin-6 Abstract JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in grapes, blueberries, mulberry transcription and raspberry. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase and anti-proliferative properties resveratrol has been reported to LPS: Lipopolysaccharide have health benefits in aging and age-related health disorders. While MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase the actions of resveratrol and related polyphenols are likely multi- MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 factorial, the anti-inflammatory of polyphenols are reasonably well documented. Most studies demonstrating efficacy with resveratrol MIP-α: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha have been conducted in animal models or in vitro models. In human miR: microRNA trials some promising effects of resveratrol have been reported for NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide several health conditions including cancer, dementia, inflammatory NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B bowel syndrome, arthritis, ulcer and dermatological disorders. The NK: cells Natural killer cells molecular mechanisms underlying resveratrol’s anti-inflammatory PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell effects include signaling pathways mediated by NFκB, Akt, JAK/ STAT and sirtuins and also a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine PGE2: Prostaglandin E2 production. The antioxidant effects of resveratrol involve reducing PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels, or PKC: Protein kinase C conversely increasing levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide ROS: Reactive oxygen species dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Review of all aging- SIRT1: Sirtuin1 associated health conditions is beyond the scope of this article. We will, therefore, focus on the effects of resveratrol and other stilbenoids TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha on selected areas of health including immune function, renal function SOD2: Superoxide dismutase 2 and cognitive function from animal and human studies in aging. Introduction Keywords: Canines; Felines; Glomerulus; Immune; Memory; Polyphenol Resveratrol is a stilbene polyphenol found in grapes and other plants with demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. The anti- *Corresponding author: Kiran S Panickar, Science & Technology Center, inflammatory effects of resveratrol in various adverse health Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas, USA, Tel: +1 7852868002; E-mail: conditions have been reviewed [1]. The beneficial effects of resveratrol [email protected] likely are not solely due to its anti-inflammatory actions but rather a Citation: Tavener SK, Panickar KS (2020) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resver- combined wide-ranging effect including antioxidant, anti-tumor and atrol and Related Polyphenols Contribute to their Potential Beneficial Effects in anti-proliferative actions. The antioxidant effects of resveratrol have Aging. J Food Sci Nutr 6: 079. been well documented (see [2] for review) and stilbenoids in general Received: September 26, 2020; Accepted: October 09, 2020; Published: exert several biological activities ranging from cardioprotection, October 20, 2020 neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-microbial and anti-tumor Copyright: © 2020 Tavener SK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed properties [3-5]. under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits un- restricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original One of the important signaling pathways reported for resveratrol author and source are credited. is the activation of sirtuins, a member of the NAD (+)-dependent Citation: Tavener SK, Panickar KS (2020) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol and Related Polyphenols Contribute to their Potential Beneficial Effects in Aging. J Food Sci Nutr 6: 079. • Page 2 of 11 • enzymes, or sirtuin-activated pathways [6]. In Human Airway inhibits inflammation induced by TNF-α by attenuating the NFκB Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMCs) taken from patients with chronic signaling pathway in KBM-5 cells [17-18]. In propionibacterium obstructive pulmonary disease, lipoteichoic acid-induced cytokine/ acnes-stimulated human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, piceatannol chemokine release was attenuated by resveratrol including a decrease alleviated proliferation and migration of keratinocytes through its in CCL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF, likely mediated through the anti-inflammatory properties by blocking the NFkB pathway [19], activation of SIRT1 [7]. Resveratrol decreased LPS and nicotine- indicating that one possible mechanism of the anti-inflammatory induced cytotoxicity in human gingival fibroblasts by decreasing action of some stilbenoids may be through attenuating the NFκB ROS and PGE2 production, as well as the expression of COX-2 pathway (see [20] for review). Combretastatins are dihydrostilbenoids through activating SIRT1 and mediated by the decline in PKC, found in the bark of Combretum caffrum, a South African PI3K, MAPK and NFκB pathways [8]. Other intracellular signaling bushwillow tree. Several bioactive stilbenes (combretastatins A pathways that may or may not be mediated by sirtuins have also been series), dihydrostilbenes (combretastatins B series), phenanthrenes reported. The anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol have been (combretastatins C series) and macrocyclic lactones (combretastatins reported in many cell types and several signaling molecules have been D series) have been reported in the literature [21-22]. While the anti- identified in its anti-inflammatory actions. When murine microglial tumor properties of some of the combrestatins have been reported (C8-B4), macrophage (RAW264.7) and Neuronal-like (Neuro2a) previously [23-24], their anti-inflammatory effects have also been cell lines were stressed with pro- inflammatory stimuli including demonstrated [25-28]. Similar to some other stilbenoids, it appears Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), resveratrol was that one of the mechanisms by which combretastatins exert their anti- an inhibitor of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine release inflammatory effects might be through attenuating the activation of in these cells [9]. Rat hepatocytes isolated and cultured and then the NFκB pathway, likely through a reduction of p65 subunit nuclear stimulated with interleukin-1 and interferon-γ along with varying translocation as demonstrated in DND-41 leukemia and Jurkat T-cell concentrations of resveratrol showed that resveratrol decreased the lines [27]. cytokine-induced iNOS expression, possibly through up-regulation of the JNK-signaling pathway [10]. In Human Coronary Artery Smooth The anti-inflammatory actions of resveratrol and some potential Muscle Cells (HCASMCs), resveratrol reduced both basal and IFN- cellular mechanisms have also been reported in in vivo models. Long- γ-stimulated levels of levels of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 by attenuating term treatment of the fish Nothobranchius guentheri, with resveratrol ERK activity [11]. Activation of SIRT1 through resveratrol in reversed several senescence-associated secretory activity generally RINm5F cells (pancreatic islet cell line) or isolated rat islets also associated with aging in the gut, including down-regulating levels prevented the pro-inflammatory stress induced by IL-1β and IFN-γ of proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNFα and up-regulated by inhibiting iNOS and nitric oxide production likely through the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [29]. Senescence- inhibition of the inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway [12]. Liu et Accelerated Mice (SAM) are commonly used as animal models in al. [13], investigated the molecular basis of the effects of resveratrol aging studies. Ginés C et al. [30], using SAMP8 mice that are prone to on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in Human Umbilical Vein aging, reported an increase in inflammatory status and NFκB protein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and they found that resveratrol expression in the pancreas of the old mice and in addition they reported attenuated endothelial inflammation by reducing ICAM-1 expression a decrease in sirtuin 1 and FoxO factors but this was attenuated by and that the protective effect was mediated partly through the miR- administration of resveratrol. Rodríguez-Bies et al. [31], reported that 221/222/AMPK/p38/NFκB pathway. Subedi et al. [14], reported that resveratrol improved muscle performance in mature and old animals the extract of resveratrol-enriched rice developed through genetic but not in young mice. In addition, resveratrol also primed the effect engineering techniques, also showed robust anti-inflammatory
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