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The Role of Agriculture Cooperatives and Farmer Organizations on the Sustainable Agricultural Practices Adoption in Uganda

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The Role of Agriculture Cooperatives and Farmer Organizations on the Sustainable Agricultural Practices Adoption in Uganda I Academic year 2015-2016 THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVES AND FARMER ORGANIZATIONS ON THE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ADOPTION IN UGANDA Manzano Lepe, Bernardo Promoter: Prof. Dr. Markus Hanisch Co-promoter: Dr. Sergio Villamayor-Tomas Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the joint academic degree of International Master of Science in Rural Development from Ghent University (Belgium), Agrocampus Ouest (France), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin of Berlin (Germany), Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovakia) and University of Pisa (Italy) in collaboration with Wageningen University (The Netherlands). Deze pagina is niet beschikbaar omdat ze persoonsgegevens bevat. Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, 2021. This page is not available because it contains personal information. Ghent Universit , Librar , 2021. III Acknowledgements To my wife Aidé, my family, my friends, especially Gaby and Juan Paulo for your support to make this happened. To the IMRD classmates, professors and Secretariat, especially to Guido, Renate, Frederik, Ilka and Marejke. To my thesis supervisors, Sergio and Markus for all your help. To CONACYT for their financial support that make possible to accomplish this master degree. To GIZ for their financial support that make possible to travel to Uganda and make this master thesis possible. To CIAT staff, especially Nicola Francesconi for the opportunity to collaborate in the EDC project. To Henry, J-J, Marleen and Sarah for their contributions to this report. To UCA, KOPGA, KOPGT, DIFA, Mulango ACE for their willingness to provide information. To all the persons that I met in this incredible journey and to the indigenous communities in Mexico. One is not just oneself, but is mainly the contributions of others to one; I could not do this without you. Gracias, thank you, bedankt, dank, cảm ơn, dhanyavaad, grazie, weebalee, matetera-ba. “Para todos la luz, para todos todo, nada para nosotros” Mexican traditional motto IV Table of contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... III Table of contents .............................................................................................................. IV List of tables ....................................................................................................................... 1 List of figures ..................................................................................................................... 1 List of appendixes .............................................................................................................. 1 List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 2 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter I Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Statement of the problem to solve ................................................................................ 5 1.3 Aims of the study ......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Objectives of the study ................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Research questions ....................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Research hypothesis ..................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Significance of the study .............................................................................................. 7 1.8 Limitations of the study ............................................................................................... 8 1.9 Structure of the study ................................................................................................... 8 Chapter II Literature review ............................................................................................... 9 2.1 Cooperatives: a first insight ......................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 The concepts .......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2.1 Definition ........................................................................................................ 9 2.1.2.2 Values ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2.3 Principles ...................................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 The cooperative peculiarity ................................................................................. 10 2.1.4 Cooperatives current situation ............................................................................. 11 2.1.5 Agri-coops and FOs, their role on the management of natural resources ........... 12 2.2 Sustainability, sustainable development and sustainable agriculture ........................ 13 2.2.1 The concepts ........................................................................................................ 13 2.2.2 The dimensions of sustainable development ....................................................... 14 2.2.3 The Sustainable Agriculture concept context ...................................................... 16 2.3 Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs) ................................................................. 18 2.3.1 The concepts ........................................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 SAPs adoption: theories review........................................................................... 22 2.3.3 SAPs adoption: determinants review................................................................... 23 2.3.4 SAPs conclusion .................................................................................................. 27 2.4 Agricultural activity: goods, services and externalities ............................................. 28 2.4.1 The concepts ........................................................................................................ 28 2.4.1.1 Public goods .................................................................................................. 28 2.4.1.2 Externalities .................................................................................................. 29 2.4.1.3 The market incentives ................................................................................... 29 2.4.1.4 The Government intervention ....................................................................... 29 2.4.1.5 The failure of government intervention ........................................................ 30 V 2.4.2 Collective action: The complementary path ........................................................ 30 2.4.2.1 The benefits of the collective action ............................................................. 31 2.4.2.2 Pre-requisites for collective action ............................................................... 32 2.4.2.3 The challenges of collective action ............................................................... 33 2.4.2.4 The role of the government on collective action .......................................... 33 2.4.3 Conclusion: Agri-goods and services, SAPs and collective action ..................... 34 2.5 Uganda context........................................................................................................... 34 2.5.1 Uganda: The pearl degraded ................................................................................ 34 2.5.2 African cooperatives: history and situation ......................................................... 37 2.5.3 Ugandan cooperatives ......................................................................................... 39 2.5.4 The Uganda cooperative policy and natural resources ........................................ 40 2.6 Wrapping up ............................................................................................................... 40 Chapter III Conceptual and theoretical framework .......................................................... 42 3.1 Conceptual framework ............................................................................................... 42 3.2 Theoretical approach .................................................................................................. 44 3.2.1 Cooperatives as business organizations. ............................................................. 45 3.2.2 Cooperatives as self-help organizations. ............................................................. 45 Chapter IV Research design and methodology ................................................................ 50 4.1 Research context: Uganda Cooperative Leadership Event ........................................ 50 4.2 Research Design ......................................................................................................... 50 4.3 Data collection
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