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Logic of the Egotistical Sentence a Reading of Descartes
Logic of the Egotistical Sentence A Reading of Descartes Vincent Descombes Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy - Revue de la philosophie française et de langue française, Vol XXVI, No 1 (2018) pp 1-20. Vol XXVI, No 1 (2018) ISSN 1936-6280 (print) ISSN 2155-1162 (online) DOI 10.5195/jffp.2018.835 www.jffp.org This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. This journal is operated by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program, and is co-sponsored by the UniversityJournal of Pittsburgh of French and Press Francophone Philosophy | Revue de la philosophie française et de langue française Vol XXVI, No 1 (2018) | www.jffp.org | DOI 10.5195/jffp.2018.835 Logic of the Egotistical Sentence A Reading of Descartes Vincent Descombes Question: How do philosophers derive a substantive (“the self”) from our use of a pronoun (“me”)?1 After the epoch of Descartes, a new character occupies the philosophical scene: the self (whereas other characters are eclipsed, like the agent intellect and soon the soul). Where does it come from? By what alchemy have the philosophers succeeded in extracting from the vulgar material that is our ordinary speech about oneself this philosophical being that we willingly qualify as a “pure self” (das reine Ich)? Ordinary language knows two uses of the French word “self” (moi). As a personal pronoun of the first person singular, it can serve as complement to a verb (“tell me about it/him”) as well as reinforces in apposition the subject of the phrase (“Me, I think,” ego cogito).2 Furthermore, it can lose its pronominal status (and therefore its referential function) by becoming an adjective designating a quality of self-presence (like when we say after a furious outburst: “I was no longer myself”). -
I. Produits De La Recherche
I. Produits de la recherche 1. Journaux / revues Articles scientifiques Aharon, I., Bourgeois-Gironde, S., and Levin, Y. (2015). Special issue on “Complexity modeling in social science and economics”. Mind & Society, 14(2), pp. 153-154. Alsmith, A. and Vignemont de, F. (2012). Embodying the mind & representing the body. In A. Alsmith, and de F. Vignemont de (Eds.), The body represented/Embodied representation. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, Special issue, 3 (1). Arcangeli, M. (2012). Esperimenti mentali [Thought experiments]”. APhEx (Analytical and Philosophical Explanation), 6, pp. 33-72. Arcangeli, M. (2013). Immaginare è simulare: cosa e come? [Imagining is simulating: what and how?]. Rivista di Estetica, s.i. “Nuove teorie dell’immaginazione”, 53/2, pp. 135-154. Arcangeli, M. (2014). Against cognitivism about supposition. Philosophia, 42/3, pp. 607-624. Arcangeli, M. (2017). De l’autre côté du miroir de l’imagination. Imagination et imagerie mentale. Bulletin d’analyse phénoménologique, XIII/2, pp. 108-128 Arcangeli, M. (2017). Interacting with Emotions: Imagination and Supposition. Philosophical Quarterly. Arnold, G., and Auvray, M. (2014). Perceptual learning: Tactile letter recognition transfers across body surfaces. Multisensory Research, 27(1), pp. 71-90. Atran, S. (2012). Talking to the Enemy: An Alternative Approach to Ending Intractable Conflicts. Solutions 3: pp. 41-51. Atran, S. (2012). Parasite stress is not so critical to the history of religions or major group formations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35: pp. 79-80. Atran, S. (2013). From mutualism to moral transcendence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36: pp. 81-82. Atran, S. (2014). Martyrdom’s would-be myth buster. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37: pp. -
A Critique of the Learning Brain
A CRITIQUE OF THE LEARNING BRAIN JOAKIM OLSSON Department of Philosophy Master Thesis in Theoretical Philosophy (45 ECTS) Autumn 2020 Supervisor: Sharon Rider Examiner: Pauliina Remes Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 A Brief Overview ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Method, Structure and Delimitations ............................................................................... 4 2. BACKGROUND ON THE LEARNING BRAIN ............................................................. 8 2.1 The Learning Brain and Its Philosophical Foundation .................................................... 9 2.2 Cognitivism’s Three Steps: Mentalism, Mind-Brain Identity and Computer Analogy . 14 3. A CRITIQUE OF COGNITIVISM .................................................................................. 24 3.1 A Critique of Mentalism ................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1 The Exteriorization of the Mental ........................................................................... 25 3.1.2 The Intentionality of Mind Seen Through Intentional Action ................................ 32 3.2 A Critique of the Mind-Brain Identity Theory .............................................................. 54 3.3 A Critique of the Computer Analogy ............................................................................ -
Descombes Mindsprovisions In
(C ONTII\UED FROM t'RONT I-LAP ) THE MIND'S In place of cognitivism, Descombes PROVISIONS offers an anthropologically based theory A Critique of of mind that emphasizes the mind's col- lective nature. Drawing on Wittgenstein, Cognitivism he maintains that mental acts are prop- erly attributed to the person, not the Vincent Descombes brain, and that states of mind, far from being detached from the world, require a historical and cultural context for their very intelligibility. Translated by Stephen Adam Schwartz Available in English for the first time, this is the most outstanding work of one ofFranee's finest contemporary philoso- v!NCENTDESCOMBES brings together phers. It provides a much-needed linlc an astonishingly large body of philo- between the continental and Anglo- sophical and anthropological thought to American traditions, and its impact will present a thoroughgoing critique of con- extend beyond philosophy to anthropol- temporary cognitivism and to develop a ogy, psychology, critical theory, and powerful new philosophy of the mind. French studies. Beginning with a critical examination of American cognitivism and French Vincent Descombes is the author of structuralism, Descombes launches a Modern French Philosophy, Objects of more general critique of all philosophies All Sorts: A Philosophical Grammar, that view the mind in strictly causal Proust: Philosophy ofthe Novel, and The terms and suppose that the brain-and Barometer of Modern Reason: On the not the person-thinks. Providing a Philosophies ofCurrent Events. Stephen broad historical perspective, Descombes Adam Schwartz, who teaches in the De- draws surprising links between cog- partment of French, University College nitivism and earlier anthropological Dublin, translatedDescombes's The Ba- projects, such as Levi-Strauss's work on rometer ofModern Reason. -
Fiona Macpherson
Fiona Macpherson Representational Theories of Phenomenal Character Ph.D. Thesis Department of Philosophy, University of Stirling 31 August 2000 i Contents Acknowledgements iv Abstract v Chapter 1 - Realism and Naturalism in Philosophy of Mind 1 1 - Introduction 1 2 - The First Stages of Describing the Mind 3 3 - Realism, Naturalism and Methodology 6 3.1 - Realism 6 3.2 - Non-Realist Alternatives 11 3.3 - Naturalism 12 3.3.1 - Epistemological Naturalism 14 3.3.2 - Metaphysical Naturalism 15 3.3.3 - Methodological Naturalism 18 3.4 - Some Reflections on Naturalism and Realism 19 3.5 - Naturalist Methodologies in Recent Philosophy of Mind 21 3.5.1 - Identification 21 3.5.2 - Functionalism 23 3.5.3 - Supervenience 26 3.5.4 - The Causal, Explanatory or Law-Like Methodology 31 Chapter 2 - Phenomenal Character and Content 35 1 - Introduction 35 2 - General Overview 36 3 - Distinguishing Experiences from Propositional Attitudes 39 4 - The Phenomenal Character of Experiences and Sensations 45 5 - Ascribing Content to Experiences and Sensations 57 5.1 - The Non-Intentionality of Experiences 58 5.2 - The Intentionality of Experiences 65 5.2.1 - Ascribing Conceptual Content to Perceptual Experiences 68 5.2.2 - Ascribing Non-Conceptual Content to Perceptual Experiences 71 5.2.3 - An Objection to Nonconceptual Content 81 Chapter 3 - Further Representationalist Claims 92 1 - Identifying Phenomenal Character and the Content of Experience 92 2 - Differentiating Experiences from other Representational States 101 ii 3 - Knowing about Experiences 107 4 - -
Desiring Myth: History, Mythos and Art in the Work of Flaubert and Proust
Desiring Myth: History, Mythos and Art in the Work of Flaubert and Proust By Rachel Anne Luckman A thesis submitted for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of French Studies College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham August 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Previous comparative and parallel ‘genetic criticisms’ of Flaubert and Proust have ignored the different historical underpinnings that circumscribe the act of writing. This work examines the logos of Flaubert and Proust’s work. I examine the historical specificity of A la recherche du temps perdu, in respect of the gender inflections and class-struggles of the Third French Republic. I also put forward a poetics of Flaubertian history relative to L’Education sentimentale. His historical sense and changes in historiographic methodologies all obliged Flaubert to think history differently. Flaubert problematises both history and psychology, as his characterisations repeatedly show an interrupted duality. This characterization is explicated using René Girard’s theories of psychology, action theory and mediation. Metonymic substitution perpetually prevents the satisfaction of desire and turns life into a series of failures. -
Philosophy's Subjects
PARRHESIA NUMBER 3 • 2007 • 55 – 72 PHILOSOPhy’s SUBJECTS Nina Power 1. INTRODUCTION: AN INDISPENSABLE TERM? There are manifold ways of articulating the term ‘subject’ that ultimately bear upon philosophy, and simultaneously, many modes of philosophising that have implications for a conception of the subject. What is surprising, given the term’s indispensability in discussions ranging from politics to philosophy of mind, is the scant conceptual analysis usually devoted to the term. It is as if its theoretical, linguistic and practical ambivalences were acknowledged a priori to be too intricate to untangle. ‘The philosophy of the subject,’ writes Paul Ricoeur, ‘has never existed; rather, there have been a series of reflective styles, arising out of the work of redefinition which the challenge itself has imposed.’1 Adorno also discusses the resistance of ‘subject’ (and ‘object’) to definition: ‘The determination of their meanings requires reflection on the very thing the act of defining truncates for the sake of conceptual manageability.’2 We can go further and state that the question of the subject is not only a problem for ‘reflective’ styles of philosophy (Ricoeur identifies this lineage with the figures of Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kant, Fichte, Husserl),3 but for any thinking that concerns the relationship between humanity, thought and practice. ‘It goes without saying,’ writes Vincent Descombes, ‘that philosophy as such, or at least modern philosophy, was on the side of an affirmation of man as “subject”.’4 The subject haunts philosophical and political conceptualisations as both the presupposed bearer of thought (either at the level of the individual, the self, the philosopher him or herself, or at the level of the species) and as the quality of this bearing itself (for instance, as the passive substrate denoted by the Greek hypokeimenon, or an active force, as in Marx’s early conception of the proletariat as a collective subject). -
The Galician Origins of Polish Analytic Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ACTION AND ETHOS http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8088-538-7.08 PETER SIMONS Trinity College Dublin [email protected] CONFLUENCE: THE GALICIAN ORIGINS OF POLISH ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY Abstract. Separate Austrian influences, those of Bolzano and Brentano, came together in the work of Kazimierz Twardowski, the founder of the Lvov–Warsaw School and Polish analytic philosophy. From Bolzano he took the ideas of abstract content and absolute truth; from Brentano the centrality of intentionality and the role of psychology, and from both an awareness of the historical depth of philosophy. These streams flowed together in and through him to form central doctrines, attitudes and practices of that School, from its origins in 1895 to its continuation in contemporary Polish philosophy. Keywords. Polish analytic philosophy, content, object, idea, intentionality, truth, absolute truth. 1. Prelude: The Geopolitics of Central – Eastern Europe Near the Polish city of Mysłowice, south-east of Katowice in Silesia, two small rivers flow together: the Black Przemsza from the north-west, and the White Przemsza from the north-east, forming the Przemsza, a short tributary of Poland’s main river, the Vistula. The confluence of the two tributaries of the Przemsza was, from 1871 to 1914, a geopolitical tripoint, where three empires met: the German Empire to the west, the Russian Empire to the north, and the Austro-Hungarian empire to the east, and it became known as Three Emperors’ Corner, Dreikaisereck, Trójkąt Trzech Cesarzy, Уголтрёхимператоров. I am using the flowing together, or confluence, of streams of water to form a new stream as a metaphor for the bringing together of two streams of thought to form a new stream, combining aspects of the two. -
Kriegel's CV, Organized
Uriah Kriegel Curriculum Vitae Research Areas • Areas of specialty: Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics, Brentano • Areas of competence: Metaethics, Epistemology, History of Analytic Philosophy, Early Modern Philosophy, Metaphilosophy, Normative Ethics, Philosophy of Cognitive Science • Areas of interest: Philosophy of Language, General Philosophy of Science, Applied Ethics, Aesthetics, Ancient Philosophy, Medieval Philosophy, Continental Philosophy, Asian Philosophy Employment • Professor, Department of Philosophy, Rice University, 2019- • “Directeur de recherche” (full-time research position), CNRS/Jean Nicod Institute, 2012-2019 • Tenured Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, 2010-2012 • Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, 2003-2010 (concurrently 2005-2008: SESQUI Fellow, University of Sydney) Education • Ph.D., Brown University (1998-2003); dissertation: “Conscious Content” (advisor: Jaegwon Kim) • M.A., Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1996-1998) • B.A., Tel Aviv University (1993-1996) Publications Authored books • Brentano’s Philosophical System: Mind, Being, Value. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. • The Varieties of Consciousness. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. • The Sources of Intentionality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. • Subjective Consciousness: A Self-Representational Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. [French translation of Ch.1 reprinted in A. Dewalque and C. Gauvry (eds.), Conscience et représentation. Paris: Vrin, 2016.] Edited books and journal issues • Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Mind, Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. • Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. • Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School. London and New York: Routledge, 2017. • “Brentano.” Special Issue of The Monist, January 2017. • Current Controversies in Philosophy of Mind. London and New York: Routledge, 2013. -
2.2 Lapointe Review
Journal for the History of Sandra Lapointe. Bolzano’s Theoretical Philosophy, An Analytical Philosophy Introduction. History of Analytic Philosophy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. Palgrave Volume 2, Number 2 Macmillan, 2012. ISBN: 9780230201491 Reviewed by Jan Šebestík Editor in Chief Mark Textor, King’s College London Editorial Board Juliet Floyd, Boston University Greg Frost-Arnold, Hobart and William Smith Colleges Ryan Hickerson, University of Western Oregon Henry Jackman, York University Sandra Lapointe, McMaster University Chris Pincock, Ohio State University Richard Zach, University of Calgary Production Editor Ryan Hickerson Editorial Assistant Daniel Harris, CUNY Graduate Center Design Douglas Patterson and Daniel Harris ©2013 Jan Šebestík Review: Bolzano’s Theoretical Philosophy, An Bolzano's lack of success by his style and by his theoretical preoc- cupations, which were closer to pre-Kantian philosophy and "were Introduction, by Sandra Lapointe therefore judged obsolete by his German contemporaries" (p. 5). She recalls his posthumous influence on Husserl, on other Bren- Jan Šebestík tano's students Benno Kerry and Kazimierz Twardowski, on Al- win Korselt and on several Polish philosophers. The discussion makes for a firm bridge to what's perhaps Until recently, Bolzano's philosophy aroused only marginal inter- Bolzano's most celebrated innovation: the concept of proposition est in the English speaking world.1 Today, the Mathematical Works in itself. As Bolzano tells it, propositions are the primary bearers of of Bernard Bolzano by Steve Russ, two partial translations of the truth. At the same time, the propositions are abstract entities, to be Wissenschaftslehre (WL) and two translations by Paul Rusnock and distinguished from sentences and mental states. -
1 What's Wrong with Contemporary Philosophy? Kevin Mulligan, Peter
Pre-print version of an article to appear in a special number of TOPOI, “Philosophy – What is How is it possible for so many analytic philosophers to pursue philosophy in a more or less to be done ?” rigorous and always theoretical way and yet believe neither that philosophy can be a science nor that it can add to the stock of positive human knowledge? Sometimes this combination is What’s Wrong with Contemporary Philosophy? due to a conviction that philosophy can never be other than aporetic. Sometimes it is due to Kevin Mulligan, Peter Simons and Barry Smith the belief that philosophy can aspire at most to negative results. Sometimes it is due to the belief that philosophy’s final goal is not theoretical – however much theory may enter in I along the way – but practical, for example, therapeutic. Sometimes it is due to caution; sometimes to self-deception; and sometimes to the insidious influence of Kant. Philosophy in the West now divides into three parts – Analytic Philosophy, Continental Philosophy and History of Philosophy. II Analytic Philosophy (AP), although it comes in many varieties, has four striking properties. Perhaps the most striking illustration of these claims is provided by the fields of metaphysics First, it is cultivated with every appearance of theoretical rigour. Second, its practitioners do and ontology which, with logic, constitute the heart of theoretical philosophy. Although not, by and large, believe that philosophy is or can be a science, i.e., they do not believe that metaphysics and ontology have always been part of philosophy, and are perhaps more popular it can add to the stock of positive human knowledge. -
Peter Simons CURRICULUM VITAE 18 October 2009
Peter Simons CURRICULUM VITAE 18 October 2009 Personal Peter Murray Simons Born 23.3.1950, Westminster, London Nationalities: British, Austrian (naturalized 1988) Civil Status: married, with two adult children Languages: English, German (very fluent), French (good), Italian, Polish (basic) Position and Address Professor of Philosophy Department of Philosophy Trinity College Dublin College Green Dublin 2 Ireland Telephone +353 1 896 1671 E-mail [email protected] Academic Qualifications B.Sc. (Hons.) Class I in Mathematics, University of Manchester (1971) M.A. in Philosophy, University of Manchester (1973) Dissertation: “Kierkegaard on Choice: A Critique” Ph.D. in Philosophy, University of Manchester (1975) Dissertation: “The Experience of Meaning” Habilitation in Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts, University of Salzburg (1986) Habilitationsschrift: “Parts. A Study in Ontology”. M.A. (jure officii), University of Dublin (2009) Positions 1975–77 Assistant Librarian, University of Manchester, England 1977–80 Lecturer in Philosophy, Bolton Institute of Technology, Bolton, England 1980–95 Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Salzburg, Austria (1980–86 Assistent, 1986– 93 Universitätsdozent, 1993–95 Assistenzprofessor) 1995–2009 Professor of Philosophy, University of Leeds, England 2009– Chair of Moral Philosophy (1837), University of Dublin (Trinity College), Ireland Visiting Positions 1989 Visiting Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine 1991 Visiting Professor, University of Texas at Austin 1992–4 Senior Departmental Visitor,