UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 117 Date 06/06/2006 Time 11:29:25 AM
S-0902-0005-03-00001
Expanded Number S-0902-0005-03-00001
Title items-in-Africa - Question of Namibia - concerned governments Namibia
Date Created 10/03/1972
Record Type Archival Item
Container S-0902-0005: Peacekeeping - Africa 1963-1981
Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit 6 NovemT/er 1973
Mr. Kittani, The Secretary-General will meet tomorrow at 11 a.m. Chief Clemens Kapuuo who is a prominent leader of the non-white population of Namibia and Vice-chairman of the National Convention, a movement representing all the non-white political parties of Namibia. Mr. Kapuuo's views are well known to the Secretary-General (they met during the Secretary-General's visit to Namibia). However, I would like to draw his attention to two points made this morning by Chief Kapuuo in his statement before the Fourth Committee. (a) He said:
"¥e ask the United Nations to recognise the National Convention as the only organization which represents the people of Namibia. Such a step would not only strengthen our Unity in Namibia but would also hasten the liberation of Namibia."
It should be recalled in this connexion that at present the United Nations recognizes only SWAPO because of the decision to grant recognition only to the liberation movements that have already been recognized by the Organization of African Unity. (b) Chief Kapuuo also said: "The National Convention appointed a Constitutional Committee to draft a constitution for the future Government of Namibia. To carry out this task the Convention requires the assistance of experts. We therefore ask the United Nations to send a team of experts to Namibia to help the people of Namibia in the work of the constitution." I suppose that it would be difficult for the Secretary-General to deal with matters related to this point unless the Security Council allows him to continue his contacts with the South African Government.
Chief Kapuuo reiterated his opposition to the South African policies of apartheid and the Advisory Council which was established shortly after Ambassador Escher's mission. But he did not pronounce himself on the question of the continuation of the Secretary-General's contacts with the South African Government. Many African representatives in the Fourth Committee had expected him to speak on the matter in view of the statement - 2 -
which he issued jointly with Mr. D. Mudge,"Chief Executive of the Administration of South West Africa", following their unexpected meeting in Windhoek on 26 September 1973. In the statement Mr. Mudge and Chief Kapuuo said:
"Both of them expressed themselves as being in favour of contact and dialogue at a responsible level as a means of solving the problems of South West Africa and rejected force as a means."
After being criticized by many members of the National Convention, particularly by members of the SWAPO, Mr. Kapuuo said in a statement issued on behalf of the National Unity Democratic Organization (NUDO), the political party of which he is chairman:
"I abide by my own policy. If there is a political organization who does not want to talk to people or want to live in isolation, then it is their business, but it has no right to change our policy".
The Secretary-General may wish to take this new position into account in discussing the situation in Namibia with Chief Kapuuo.
M. K. Pedanou GH/jh
bf. filingr IK/AP/TG cc.: Mr. Gazarian 6 November 1973 Mr. Herndl
Sir, I wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 19 October 1973, to which you attached a copy of a letter addressed to you by the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Nations, concerning his Government's attitude on the question of the situation in Namibia. 2n accordance with your request, X have brought your letter and its attachment to the attention of the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council, who have duly taken note of £hem. In view of the fact that your cossraunicatlon is of relevance to the work of the Security Council*s Ad Hoc Sub-cojtsaittee on Namibia, the President of the Security Council has requested that the substantive part of the letter from the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany be circulated as a document of that Committee. Please accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration *
Kurt Waldheisa
His Excellency Mr. Edwin Ogebe Ggbu Chairman of the Special Committee on Apartheid Room 3S8O > > A
UNITED NATIONS WaP NATIONS UNIES
POSTAL ADDRESS ADRESSE POSTALE UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. 1OO17
CABLE ADDRESS ADRESSE TELECRA PH IQUE UNAT1ONS NEWYORK
po 230 SOAF (2-1-1) 19 October 1973
Sir,
At the request of the Special Committee on Apartheid, I have the honour to transmit to you a copy of the letter dated 27 September 1975 addressed to 'me by the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the attitude of the Federal Government of the Federal Republic of Germany towards Namibia. He has stated inter alia that, in keeping with the resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, "the Federal Government is of the opinion that South Africa's continued presence in Namibia has no foundation in international law." I would request that this letter be brought to the attention of the General Assembly and the Security Council. Please accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration.
_ Chairman Special Committee on Apartheid
His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General of the United Nations cc '- 603 .
Draft letter from the Secretary-General to Ambassador Edwin 0. Ogbu3 Chairman of the Special Committee on Apartheid
Sir, I wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 19 October 1973? to which you attached a copy of a letter addressed to you by the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Nations,concerning his Government's attitude on the question of the situation in Namibia, In accordance with your request, I have brought your letter and its attachment to the attention of the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council, who have duly taken note of them. In view of the fact that your communication is of relevance to the work of the Security Council's Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia, the President of the Security Council has requested that the substantive part of the letter from the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany be circulated as a document of that Committee. Please accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration.
Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General
-V r> 'if ,. r . '
PCO }- ^530 ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: • A* Mr, Gazarian ' FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION
Would you wish to discuss this with Mr. Harming as you have taken the matter into your hands?
Date; FROM: 2.11.73 DE: K. Herndl
CR. 13 ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION
' FOR ACTION (POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS X POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION
Date: FROM: DE: ,/T\ CR. 13 (11-64) ft Permanent Mission - J 600 Third Avenue of the Federal Republic of Germany New York, N. Y. 10016 Tel.-Nr.: (212) 687-6882 to the United Nations Telex: New York 224111 UNOGERM New York, 27 September 1973
Excellence'"}
I have the honour to refer to the talks which you and. your delegation had in Bonn with the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs and to communicate the following upon instructions from the Federal Foreign Minister who has left New York today.
In his speech of 26 September 1973 to the United Na- tions General Assembly Federal Chancellor V'illy Brandt also commented on questions which r-.ro of special inter- est to your Committee and the Council on Namibia. The relevant English text reads:
"Permit me to say on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany that we shall support United Nations re- solutions aimed at liquidating the anachronistic remnants of colonialism. This applies not least to our neighbouring continent of Africa.
Without any addition and without any reservation I declare that we condemn racism as inhuman and as the cause of the most terrible crimes. Our O\,TI
To the Chairman of the UN Committee on Apartheid His Excellency Mr.Edwin Ogebe Ogbu Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 757 Third Avenue, 2oth Floor New York, N.Y.10017 _ 2 ~
^ "' history has been a bitter experience on ; that score."
i ; In this connection I wish to assure you that the j Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, for t ] a variety of reasons which stem from the history of i j that territory, is giving particular attention to the
.i1 situation in Namibia.
:| i . My Government supports the right of the people of i the Territory to achieve independence in free self- :j determination in accordance with the purposes and :j principles of the United Nations Charter and as a i territorial and political entity. In keeping with •j the resolutions of the General Assembly and the ,.j Security Council of the United Nations the Federal
j C*x .»,.._,« P^-,.,, - _ _ ___[_- • ~ --">'•! ' ' ' " ' — ' ~ "" : \ -^ ^ „ v- -, j,tiAiv-j:j. o J_t_> WJ. 0-Li^ W f^O-J-i-L Wll L-J-lcL L. O L? Lt Uli ^"U-l'-LCci ' J3 \ continued presence in Namibia has no foundation in international law. The Federal Government hopes that United Nations efforts to bring about an understanding ] in negotiations with South Africa will be successful. j ] Accept, Excellency, the assurances of ray highest i j consideration.
Walter Gehlhoff Ambassador UNITED • NATIONS Press Section Office of Public Information United Nations, N.Y. (FOR USE OF IIIFORMATION MEDIA — NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD)
Special Committee on Apartheid Press Release GAr/AP/358/Revvl* Sbjrd Meeting (AM) 17 October 1973
APARTHEID COMMITTED CHAIRMAN r&PQRTSON ..jSGK-LEVEL CONSULTATIONS ON INT;;R£:ATION'.L ACT-ION AGAINST APARTHEID
This morning., the Special Committee on Apartheid heard a report itG Chairman, Edwin Ggeb.2 Qgbu. (Ni£.eri«.), or, the neetirgs he and other mr-mbers of the Cciroiittee havo hftld vlth a nu&ber of Prime Ministers, Foreign Ministers and other high-level o?fIoi&l.H attending the current General Assembly session for consultations on tfoe irAeyr,ati onal action against apartheid.
The Chairman noted that a number of Western countries had taken the initiative in sponsoring a draft resolution in the Special Political Committee of the General Assembly on the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners,
That, ha believed, was one of the results of the contacts that had been made -with the various Western countries,
"We have perhaps succeeded in persuading a number of these countries to consider greater activity in co-operation with us against agartheid", he said. "If we succeed in increasing this co-operation, and if the great Powers from the West — the United States, the United Kingdom and France — will join in these efforts, there is, of course, little doubt that the problem of apartheid in South Africa can be solved promptly".
David Cibeko, of the Pan-AfricaniGt Congress, in a statement at this morning's meeting, expressed appreciation for the Committee's endeavours to . make high-level"contacts, and said his organization hoped the contacts vould be continued, both at the United Nations and in the-capitals of the States concerned. He said the Committee was carrying out "invaluable services to the struggle of the people of Azania".
At this morning's meeting, the Chairman also informed the Committee of a letter received from the Federal Republic of Germany, confirming that Government<'s view that South Africa's continued presence in Namibia had no foundation in international law. (more)
The .c 'ision relates t the text of the letter repr•X"II.-.T.-E:
The Chairman "said that Hussein Nur Elmi (Somalia) had agreed to represent the Committee at the forthcoming World Congress of Ferce Forces, to be held *~. Moscow from 2S to 31 October. Fnu£3 S. Teddy, "tr'.ei of -,ti. b:^i" •>• ".< - ^ " •__-•> i.-^j;i."V -V ii:e Dcp^r^sT1; or L'c!itieil-ar_d -Security Co'..m-iV.A f^^i.^ vo~.il , •.cv.".pc.j.i.y h^.-- >
R&port on High-Lev el Contacts
The CHAIifrlA^, in hi:; rc?r?ort this corning, raid ol.ab. in ...ccurdc.ico wioh the Conriittoe ' s recuest on £4 September (see Press Release GA/AP/353), he ar?.d Lhe Coramittce's Rapporteur, Syed BarcJteat .^hinad (India), had met with the following leadeis during the current session of the General Assembly:
Norr.an 5,, Kirk., Prims Minister f.nd Foreign ilinister of New Zealand. on 26 September;
Abbas-Ali ICha.i.atbarij Foreign Minister of Iran, on 27 September;
ric-.naat Van Elslsndo, Foreign Minister of Eslgium, on 2 October;
Jar_-3t Fit^Gorald, Foreign Mr'.nister of Ireland, on 3 October;
Otto Vinzer, Foreign Minister of ths German Democratic Republic, on 9 October: and
Giuseppe Lupis, Minister without portfolio and head of- ths Italian delegaticn to the Genera]- Assembly, on 11 October.
The Chairman said that, in ad.diT.ion. ths representative of Ghona, Frrr^L E. Eoateii, raid the Rapporteur of the Ca-oEittce, had net on 20 September •with Max van der Slroel, Foreign Minister of the Webherlando.
The Chairman expressed appreciation to the various leaders for receiving tho representatives of th'2 Ccuinittea at short notice during the Assembly scsoior.., despite thsir biicy cchedu.le&.
He said he vould r.ot give details of the conversations at the various Eif -stings, but vould like to report on a fsw highlights.
In all the meetings, he said, ths representatives of the Committee had tried to emphasize the fact that apartheid, was a universal problem of concern to all th2 countries of the vorld... - They had stressed the very grava situation in Sou'di Africa, as demonstrated by the recon~c killings of African mine- vorksrs E-.no. other evento, and the consequent need for urgent ar.d effective international action.
(more) - 3 - Press • IT October 1973 -
They had expressed their appreciation to the countries concerned for the important steps taken in support of the international action against apartheid. At the same time they had also pointed cux that the Committee on Apartheid advocated total isolation of the South African regime and full implementation of the resolutions of the United Nations.
"•The countries concerned — except for the German Democratic Republic, •which has no relations -with South Africa and provides material support to trie liberation movement — have soae way to go before they can claim to have inpleineuted the resolutions, particularly with regard to economic sanctions", he said. "We told thran that we would like to initiate consultations with than &nc continue these consultations so that there could "be a harmonization of attitudes and greater action".
Continuing, the Chairman said trhe representatives of the Committee had expressed to the various Ministers their hope that the Western countries would reconsider their position as regards membership in the Committee on Apartheid. They had been essured that the Group of Western European and Other States would give serious consideration to the matter this year.
With regard to the proposed programme of work of the Committee next year, including a session in Europe, he said the Foreign Minister cf the Geiuan Democratic Republic had informed them that his Government would be glad to tiake arrangements for the Committee to hold a session in the capital of that country, The Foreign Minister of Ireland had stated that his Government would consider the matter very soon. ; . The Chairman added, at this point, that he had been informed that the Foreign Minister and the Finance Minister of Ireland were active members of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Ireland,
He went on to say that the Foreign Minister of Belgium and the Minister vithout portfolio cf Itely hai seid tLsy would refer the matter to their Governments for consideration. The Foreign Minister of the Netherlands had said his Government would be glad to welcome the Chairman or the Vice- Chairman while they were visit-ing Europe, The Prime Minister of New Zealand had expressed hope that a delegation from the Committee could visit New Zealand and continue the consultations that had been initiated at .United Nations Headquarters,
Cn other subjects, the Chairman said the representatives of the Committee had drawn the attention of the Foreign Minister of Iran to the reports con- cerning relations between Iran and South Africa and had made known the Committee's concern. They had conveyed to the Minister of Italy the Committee's concern about reports that an Italian company had sold a large number of planes to the South African Air Force and had given licences to a Couth African Government-owned company to assemble and E-anufactuxe tlie aircraft, in Africa.
(more) - k- - Press Release GA/AP/358/Rev.l 17 October 1973
The Chairman said the Minister of Italy had categorically denied such press reports. He continued by saying that the various Western countries had been asked to consider specific actions, such as denial of loans to South Africa and the closing of South African immigration offices, as first steps towards disengagement.
He said the Foreign Minister ol' the Netherlands had stated that his Govern- ment intended to increase its contribution to the United Nations funds and other funds providing assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa. The Foreign Minister of the German Democratic Republic had promised to consider reprinting material prepared by the Unit on Apartheid for wider distribution and possibly having it translated into other languages, including Gennan, The Chairman then said, "It is perhaps too early to draw definite con- clusions from these contacts or to draw up a balance sheet. I feel, however, that these contacts have been most timely in view of the very critical situation in South Africa and in view of the development of public opinion against apartheid, and I do believe that, if pursued with patience and careful preparation, these consultations could prove valuable in promoting concerted action against apartheid"» Statement by Mr. Sibeko At the start of the meeting this morning, the Chairman recalled that the Committee had at a previous meeting decided to invite representatives of the South African liberation movement for consultations. Mr. Sibeko, representa- tive of the Pan-Africanist Congress, was now available for that purpose, he said. The Committee agreed without objection to hear Mr. Sibeko, - Mr. SIBEKO, in his statement, expressed appreciation for the Committee's efforts on behalf of the 60 million Africans in his country, including the high-level contacts. He then spoke about what he called "a well-financed propaganda campaign of the South African racist regime to impose a sort of mini-Africanization" by having certain tribal leaders, chiefs of Bantustans, visit other countries to try to "undermine the authenticity" of the liberation movements. He asked for the Committeefs support to enable the liberation movements to have direct contacts with the leaders of those countries.
Asked if his organization ever came into contact with the African tribal leaders he had referred to, when they appeared abroad, Mr, Sibeko said that the chief of one of the Bantustans, while in London, had approached his organization about a meeting, but the Pan-Africanist Congress had. refused,
(more) - 5 - Press Release GA/AP/358/Rev.l 17 October 1973
The position of his organization, he said, was that, while the Bantustan chief could "consult us as the authentic representative of the people of Azan.'.?V his organization would not go to meet those who "represent capitulation to the system". Asked if the Pan-Africanist Congress and the African National Congress could provide information to the Committee on the names and activities of the persons he had referred to, he said his organization would do so, to the extent its limited resources permitted. Letter from Federal Republic^of Germany The CHAIRMAN, informing the Committee about the letter received from the Federal Republic of Germany regarding its position on Namibia, noted that the letter followed the discussions which a delegation from the Committee had held in Bonn last August with high-level officials of that Government. The Chairman said he bad transmitted a copy of the letter to the President of the United Nations Council for Namibia. After a discussion, he said that the letter would later be issued as a General Assembly document. . _ The letter was dated 27 September and signed by Walter Gehlhoff, the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Nations. • The text reads as follows: . "I have the honour to refer to the talks which you and your delegation had in Bonn with the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs and to communicate the following upon instructions from the Federal Foreign Minister who has left New York today. "In his speech of 26 September 1973 to the United Nations General Assembly Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt also commented on questions which are of special interest to your Committee and the Council on Namibia. The relevant English text reads: "'Permit me to say on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany that we shall support United Nations resolutions aimed at liquidating the anachronistic remnants of colonialism. This applies not least to our neighbouring continent of Africa. "'Without any addition and without any reservation I declare that we condemn racism as inhuman and as the cause of the most terrible crimes. Our ova history has been a bitter experience on that score.' (more) \ - 6 - Press Release GA/AP/358/Rev.l 17 October 1973 \
"In this connection I wish to assure you that the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, for a variety of reasons which stem from the history of that Territory, is giving particular attention to the situation in Namibia. "My Government supports the right of the people of the Territory to achieve independence in free self-determination in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and as a territorial and political entity. In keeping with the resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council of the United Nations the Federal Government is of the opinion that South Africa's continued presence in Namibia has no foundation in international law. The Federal Government hopes that United Nations efforts to bring about an understanding in negotiations with South Africa will be successful."
Letter from Italy
The Chairman said a letter had been received from Eugenio Plaja, Permanent Representative of Italy, replying to the Committee's letter of l^l- September concerning press reports about the manufacture by South Africa of Asrmacchi AM 3C aircraft, developed in Italy (see Press Release GA/AP/350).
In his letter, dated 1 October, Mr. Plaja informed the Committee, on • instructions from his Government, that the firm Aermacchi had not granted any licence to South African firms for the manufacture of Aermacchi AM 3^.
Replies on Political Prisoners ; The Chairman said replies to the Committee's note of 31 August, concerning the statement of the_CoramittGe on the subject of political prisoners in South Africa (see Press Release GA/AP/3i4-7), had been received from Canada, Cuba, Egypt and Romania.
(more) Press Release GA/AP/353/Rev.l IT October 1973
In addition, he oai
In connexion vith sports contacts with South Africa, the Chairman informed the Committee of a letter received from Brazil regarding the decision of the International Lawu Tennis Association to readmit the South Africa Lawn Tennis Association to the Davis Cup competition for 197^, in the South American zone. The letter from Brazil, dated 10 September, said that., after that "unfoi-ti.uiate" decision, at a drawing held in London, the Brazilian Lawn Tennis Federation had been chosen to play with the South African team. Under the Davis Cap regulations, the first match between off-zone and in-zone teams would take place in the in-zouc country, in that case, Brazil. - • The letter, signed by L.P. Lindenberg Sette, Deputy Permanent Representative, vent on to say: - - '
to say, the decisions of the Brazilian Lawn Tennis Federation, much le--.: -chos-r if the International Lawn Tennis Association, do not involve the Brazilian Government, whose endorsement is not required, nor do such decisions reflect the Government's points of view or policies. Their representatives and players act and play on their own and sole personal responsibility. L "In this respect, 1 am pleased to inform you that, on recommendation of •She Brazilian Government the Brazilian Lawn Tennis Federation has decided that its te^ai will not play with the South African team either in South Africa or in Brazilian territory. "The Brazilian Government,-in accordance with its traditional position "towards apai-thsidjind talcing into account the vote it cast in favour of /General Assembly/ resolution 2775 I> (XXV!), fully shares the concern of the Committee as stated in the note sent you last September by the President of the regional group expressing the views of Brazil and those of all other Latin American. States,
(nore) Press Release GA/AP/358/Rev.1 IT October 1973 V "I avail myself of this opportunity, Mr. Chairman, to reaffirm that Brazil, being an open multiracial society in vhich people live together and respect one another regardless of the colour of their skin or country of origin, could not accept or support any doctrine or policy that does not fully respect equality between men." Letter from Argentina The Chairman also informed the Committee of a letter from Argentina, transmitting the text of a press release issued in Buenos Aires on 23 September, stating that Argentine sportsmen "are henceforth prohibited from competing directly against South African sportsmen ... so long as the policy of racial segregation is maintained in South Africa". The text of ths release reads as follows: "The Department of Sports of the Ministry of Social Welfare, with the agreement of the Ministry of Foreign. Affairs and Worship, has informed the Argentine Sports Confederation, so that it may instruct its affiliated bodies and the Argentine Rugby Union accordingly, that Argentine'sportsmen, regardless 3f the nature of the bodies they represent, are henceforth prohibited from competing directly against South African sportsmen, wherever the sports event »ay take place. "The above prohibition derives from the provisions of resolutions 2775 D (3CCVT) and 2925 E .(XXVII), adopted by the G jneral Assembly with the affirmative vole of over 100 Member Sta'tec, including the Argentine Republic. • "This measure will remain in force so long as the policy of racial segregation is maintained in South Africa, since that policy violates not only fundamental human rights but also the Olympic principle of non-discriminatic in sport. .- "The Department of Sports, expressing the anti-racist spirit which imbues •tfie Government and people of Argentina, upholds, within the field of its Competence, the measures adopted with a view to preventing Argentine nationals from participating in events with sportsmen who have been selected on the basis of criteria that violates fundamental principles of 'human brotherhood and coexistence. "It will be recalled that a similar prohibition is in force with regard to the territory of Southern Rhodesia and its sportsmen, in accordance with the provisions of Legislative Decree Wo. 19, 8^6/72. "The Department of Sports will invoke the legal provisions in force to punish any institution or person that infringe the above rules."
* PTZ22-46 RMD6S07 SUR485-CRC35S WHXC33' URAU CO SACN 027 WINDHOEK 27 2 0920 c INFO COPY •I1.
SECRETARY 6EHERAL UNITED. NATIONS' FILE MO. ,'UNATIONS" ACTION NEWYORK • TOVt».U^ t ^r^rC^KVMRM PTL 232422,SUSPECTED DUPLICATE STRONGEST PROTEST INVITING'. KAPUUO AS HERERO CHIEF X REITERATE KAPU.UO IS SELF-APPOINTED CAW MOT REPRESENT HERERO NATION X CIRCULATE ' '.' .". ' HERERO ROYAL HOUSE KATJEfltfSGU . .- — ..':• CD •«=: i -o COL PAR AMP PSE IRPT PAR AMP J\> 232422 UNH UR 1350 2.NOV INCOMING NFO COPY FILE NO, •^ ACTiOtt TO ZCZC 232422 RCOS3 PDB0313 RKX1S61 LT30I05 SURSTJ' CRC£3 WNK61 URAU CL SACN 025 WINDHOEK 25 5 052 6 SECRETARY-C-NERftL USITED KATIQNS TRY UNATIONS HEWYORK SELF-APPQIOTED CHIEF KG MANDATE TO REPRESENT HERERO. NATION X KAPUUO CAUSED HERERO SPLIT X HEADMAS TJERIKO -Minutes of a meeting A , held in the Office of the Secretary-General » v v g October 1973 Present: 1. The Secretary-General 2. Mr. Mohaiaed Adan, Secretary of State for Higher Education and Culture in Somalia 3. Ambassador Hussein Slrai of Somalia h. Mr. A. Farah, Assistant Secretary-General 1. Mr. Mohamed Adan said that Somalia enjoyed a special relationship with the United nations and that relationship had given cause for Somalia to have great faith in the principles and purposes of the Organization. Although considerable criticism had been levied against the United Nations, it -was a fact that whenever a difficult situation faced the international community, it was to the United Nations that it turned. He said Somalia appreciated the efforts which the Secretary-General and his predecessors had made in dealing with such problems as decolonisation, racism, the Middle East and the issues of war and peace. However, the Third World was impatient with progress in various fields because its needs were so many. On the other hand countries of the developed world appeared smug in their privileged position and were against changes in the existing state of affairs. The visit of the Secretary-General to Somalia in January 1972 was remembered with affection. The Head of State had asked him to convey to the Secretary-General, his personal wishes. Somalia faced many problems, the major one being that of relations with its neighbors. If current talks did not lead to a solution and if tensions increaseds it might become necessary to call en the Secretary-General to exercise his good Offices in order to restore a more harmonious atmosphere. 2. The Secretary-General recalled his visit to Somalia and the generous hospitality extended to him by General Barre. He hoped to see him next year at the OAU Summit Conference. He was glad to receive reaffirmation of Somalia's faith in the. United Nations and support for the Organisation's endeavours. He attributed the non- implementation of resolutions as the major factor in the creation of a crisis of credibility that now faced the United Nations. Although matters had improved with the policy of detente between the big powers, that in itself was not enough. Cred- ibility -'had to be restored and small and medium size powers should have a greater role in the principal issues of the day. Significantly, major powers had recognized that they alone could not settle such issues. 3. Referring to the Middle East, the Secretary-General said that his recent visit to that region had proved most useful and that the talks which he had held with all parties concerned, had provided him with a better insight. The position of the parties remained the same and it appeared to him that a solution must continue to be sought on the basis of resolution 2k2 and of the Charter. He said that the principle of sovereignty must be recognized and indeed must be the basis. He was encouraged by the assurances which Mr. Kissinger had given hin that the United States intended to co- operate actively and closely with the United Nations on this vital question. The United States had also undertaken to co-operate closely with the United Nations in other fields. - 2 - U. The Secretary-General thought that 197^ would prove crucial in the settlement of the Middle East crisis. During the present General Assembly session he had an opportunity to discuss the latest developments with the Foreign Ministers of Egypt and Jordan and hoped to meet the Foreign Minister of Israel the following day. While a public debate of the question was useful for expounding ones views and for winning public sympathy, it was not sufficient in itcelf to achieve a solution. A great deal vould have to depend on quiet diplomacy. It was for this reason that the Jarring Mission had been maintained. 5. With regard to Southern Africa the Secretary-General stated that (i) the Portuguese Foreign Minister had nade it clear to him that the Portuguese Government did not propose a change in its official policy towards its African colonies. The Foreign Minister said that he was prepared to talk with African governments but not with liberation movements. (ii) the question of Namibia would come before the Security Council in the near future to discuss the Secretary-General's latest report. The tendency in the African group indicated that there vould be a call for a discontinuation of contacts between the Secretary-General and South Africa. (iii) the economic situation in Zambia was being closely watched by the United Nations following the move by the Smith regime to interrupt Zambia's road and rail facilities through Southern Rhodesia. The Secretary-General's recent visit to Zambia had enabled him to maintain close contacts with the Zainbian Government on this matter. Mr. Mohamed Adan said that the Somalia Government waq organizing a conference \ • on liberation movements on the fifteenth of October 1973. The conference would decide alternative courses of action open to liberation movements following the refusal of the colonial powers to give the people of the territories their.right of self-determination. Within the context of that conference, it would have been to Portuguese advantage had it heeded the Secretary-General's appeal. The liberation movements in the Portuguese territories were left no other choice but to resort to arms. Such a position had been envisaged in the Mogadishu Declaration following the rejection by the colonial powers of the Lusaka Manifesto. If, as a result of the conference, a declaration emerged calling for ansedstruggle» he hoped that the Secretary-General would understand the circumstances which prompted it and not regard Somalia as a state which advocated violence. The Secretary- General said that in his address at the recent Conference of the Organization of African Unity, he had warned about dangerous situations developing if the people concerned were not allowed to exercise their right of self-determination and independence in a speedy and peaceful manner. \ s INCOMING I ZCZC 232422 RC064 PD803I6 R«X12B2 IT8C10S DftB5S5SJSUR872 CRC24 WKKS3 > URAU CL SAC!*' 036 WINDHOEK 56 5 SECRETA . , RY-GE8ERAM. UKITED- NATIONS TRY. UBATIONS BEWYORK FOURTHCOflKITTEES 11H VI AT AT I ON HAPUUO AS HERERO ' ^'" N CHIEF VIOLATION CUR TRADITION HIS REPRESENTATION NO VALUE TO FOLLOWERS ' .... X KAPUUO SELF-APPOINTED CHIEF X HEADMAN TJIBGAETE BOX 402 G03ABIS SWA COLL 6000 4OS INFO COPY 0 \! FILE NO. ACTION TO --T km, »«.rt. ,,M>V>M1,- ZCZC 832422 RCOS5 PDB031? RKZ5-779 LTSC107 DA35962 SUR5?7Q CRC23. WKKfrC URAU CL SACS'ois : SISDHOEK lf?/U 5 CSS I SECRETARY-GEMERAL USITED' BATIONS TRY USATIONS NEWYORK . , CAUSED MUDO SPLIT NC AUTHORITY TO REPRESENT " mm. . -. • • . . •'' ' NUDO-TJIRIMUJE " . CONFIDENTIAL ... . _ ' ' '' i - Minutes of a meeting held in the Office of the Secretary-General 2 October 1973 Present: 1. The Secretary-General 2. Major Kvnme Baah - Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ghana) 3. Ambassador Frank Edmund Boaten of Ghana U. Mr. A. Farah 1. Invitation to visit Ghana The Foreign Minister conveyed to the Secretary-General the greetings of the Head of State of Ghana and said that he had been entrusted vith the pleasant duty of extending an official invitation to the Secretary-General to visit Ghana in the near future at a mutually convenient time. The Secretary- General said he vas honoured by the invitation and accepted it in princinle. However, he would keep in touch vith the Permanent Representative of Ghana with regard to a date. He said he planned to visit West Africa next year and would endeavour to arrange for the visit to Ghana to be included in that programme. 2. Developments in Ghana The Foreign Minister said that the Ghanaian Government was placing emphasis on the maximum use of local resources and on pursuing a policy of self-reliance. He said that his government had received excellent co-operation from the United Nations and that he vas satisfied with the relationship which existed between his country and the Organization. 3. Middle East'situation In reply to a question by the Foreign Minister of Ghana, the Secretary-General gave -an account of sone of the main questions that arose during his recent visit to the Middle East. The Secretary-General said that the Arab position was that Israel must first accept the principle of Arab sovereignty over Arab lands and then from that point arrangements could be worked out. Israel was not ready to accept such a principle. Israel preferred to have direct talks with the Arabs but if that was not possible, it would accept indirect talks through the good offices of the United Nations. The Secretary-General said that he would continue his exploratory talks with the parties during the General Assembly session. Mr. Kissinger expressed an interest in working with the United Nations on the question but preferred to study the situation carefully before attempting any solution. k. Guinea-Bissau The Secretary-General, in response to a question from the Foreign Minister, said that he had received the first direct communication from the Government of Guinea-Bissau on 1 October 1973. The communication did not ask for any action - to be taken but simply gave information on the declaration of independence and on the formation of the new government. - 2 - The Secretary-General said that the arrival of the communication coincided with a meeting which he had with the Foreign Minister of Portugal. At that meeting he urged the Foreign Minister to take a bold step and change its policies towards the African territories. He pointed to an historic parallel in the case of France and Algeria where boldness and realism had brought a just and satisfactory solution of the problem. The Secretary-General said that his appeal vas not heeded by the Foreign Minister of Portugal and he was convinced from his talks that Portugal would not change its position in the foreseeable future. 5. Namibia In response to a question from the Foreign Minister, the Secretary-General said that from his talks with various African leaders concerning Namibia there appeared to be two approaches: (a) that the talks be terminated and (b) that the talks be suspended. The Secretary-General said that it was a matter which the Security Council would have to decide since it was that body which had authorized him to enter into contacts with South Africa. The Secretary-General said that he had submitted comprehensive reports on the contents of his talks with South Africa and that his future role in the matter was left to the Council. 28 September 1973 AP/dm Note for the Secretary-General ,v s what the Foreign Minister of Zambia had to say on the contacts of the Secretary-General with South Africa regarding Namibia. You might wish to read this before your meet with the Foreign Minister. EG/12 A/PV.2130 (Mr. Mudenda, Zambia) In examining the southern Africa problem it is imperative1 lu p~ay particular attention to South Africa's political, economic and military role in Southern Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique and Namibia. Apart from intensifying within South Africa its evil policies of apartheid, the effects of which we recently witnessed in the Carletonville massacre, the Pretoria regime's basic foreign policy objective is to sustain the minority regimes of southern Africa. In this regard it should not surprise the international community that South African military forces have joined ranks with those of the illegal regime in Southern Rhodesia and with the Portuguese colonial forces in Mozambique and Angola. In recent months we have witnessed the savage killing of innocent men, women and children by the racist minority regimes, particularly in Mozambique, Southern Rhodesia and Namibia, in a desperate attempt to stifle the efforts of.the gallant freedom fighters. / South African aggression is not confined to the people of countries still under the yoke of minority rule in southern Africa. Together with the Portuguese fascists and the illegal regime in Southern Rhodesia, it has intensified its acts of aggression against neighbouring independent African States. My own country, for instance, has, at the hands of -4;he Pretoria- Salisbury--Lisbon axis, lost many innocent lives. / In the international Territory of Namibia the racist regime of South Africa is rigorously implementing its apartheid policyyrhrough the creation of the so-called ''homelands'7, in complete disregard a-f the opposition of the Namibian people to any balkanization of their country. This opposition was unequivocally demonstrated in their boycott of the/recent bogus elections organized by the South African occupation forces^.-" We in Zambia had serious misgivings about the usefulness of the contacts which the Secretary-General of the United Nations has been conducting with the racist regime of South Africa over the question of Namibia, in accordance I with the mandate given him by the Security Council. His reports have l i t 1 l ^ '-" *^-^.^JuXr';r^^^»j^ "^^ ~: - ^:rt^^ ,' confirmed our anxieties that these contacts are detrimental to the interests | of the Wamibi-an people and should therefore be discontinued forthwith. Given the refusal of the South African regime peacefully to terminate its occupation of Namibia, it has become imperative for the Namibian people to intensify their armed struggle. „ f • r BG/12 A/PV.2130 U7 (Mr. Mudenda, Zambia) In the light of these developments in southern Africa, Zambia will continue to render all possible assistance to liberation movements. We are happy to note that the liberation movements are receiving increased assistance from many parts of the world; they deserve this assistance. They are putting it to good use, for the frontiers of oppression are receding; but their needs are still very considerable. To this end, we wish to appeal to all progressive forces in the world to offer substantial material assistance to the liberation movements. In my address to this Assembly last year I stated my belief and conviction in the capacity of the United Nations- — particularly its specialized agencies — to provide health, transportation, educational and other facilities in the liberated areas of Angola, Mozambique and Guinea (Bissau). The subsequent adoption by the General Assembly of relevant resolutions calling on the specialized agencies of the United Nations to render the assistance indicated in the resolutions on the Territories concerned was a clear endorsement by the international community of the necessity and urgency of such assistance.* We are aware and appreciate that the limited resources at the disposal of the United Nations have to be disbursed world-wide. However, we • believe most sincerely that the provision of such multilateral assistance would be consistent with the "genuine priorities and long-term objectives "- of the United Nations. Apart from achieving maximum economic effect in.the field of development, a token contribution would reflect concrete solidarity between the liberation movements and the United Nations. As we await the full and effective implementation of the relevant resolutions in this regard, I wish to reiterate another related appeal concerning the full participation of the representatives of the liberated areas in dependent countries and of Namibia in the activities of the specialized agencies, on the basis of established criteria applicable to non-Members of the United Nations. • ' It cannot be overemphasized that the direction and scope of the activities of specialized agencies should, perhaps more than ever before, reflect the priorities of the United Nations. Such priorities are clear. Mr. Driss (Tunisia), Vice-President, took the Chair. .... LA NAMiBIE J'ai appris qua le Groupe africain serait tres mecontent de la faqon dont Monsieur Ekangaki traite de cette question. 1. La decision des Chefs d'Etat africains que le Commissaire ne doit pas etre africain n'a pas ate changee a Addis en 1973. Un Africain serait juge et partie. II serait encore plus impossible que cet Africain vienne d'un pays limitrophe de la Namibie. 2. Le President du Groupe africain (Mauritania) entend que le Candidat soit propose non par I1QUA mais par le Groupe. 3. D'apres Monsieur Rahal, il conviendrait d'abord d'eliminer definitivement la possibilite d'un Africain pour le poste, puis de reaffirmer un candidat qui soit acceptable aux cinq grandes puissances; Monsieur Rifai$ aurait obtenu I1assurance de 1'appui du groupe africain Sub.ject of discussion -with the Secretary-General requested by Mr. Mukama. the Attorney-General of Botswana (The Okavango River) 1. Mr. Mukama. is mainly concerned during this visit with the need on the part of Botswana to conclude certain practical arrangements with and concerning Namibia, the most important problem being that of the Okavango River which is summarized below. 2. The Okavango is an international river rising in Angola flowing from north to south across the Caprivi Strip in Namibia and then into Botswana where it now saptaes its waters into a large swamp. 3. The utilization of these waters (by channelling them to arid parts of Botswana) is crucially important for the development of Botswana and the necessary investment and engineering work is currently being planned. 4. The Botswana Government does not claim more than an equitable share of the waters of the Okavango River in accordance with the relevant principles of international law. It, nevertheless, needs to be assured that it will not be deprived of this share and without such an assurance it may even have difficulty in financing the scheme. 5. There is a possibility that the Okavango waters could be diverted in the Caprivi Strip and taken to another part of Namibia in which case the waters available to Botswana could be very greatly reduced. The Botswana Government understands that such diversion has been or is being considered by the South African Government. 6. The Botswana Government therefore considers it essential to obtain as effective a protection as it can against such an eventuality both now and in the future. Such protection may arise in two different contexts: (a) During the present unlawful South African occupation of Namibia; (b) Following the future establishment of a lawful and independent government of Namibia. 7. With regard to the former, Botswana recognizes that so long as South Africa remains in de facto illegal control of Namibia it appears that only South Africa can physically ensure the uninterrupted flow of the river. Botswana has therefore been considering ways of obtaining from South Africa the assurances it needs without thereby recognizing South Africa as having any legal authority in Namibia. -2- 8. With regard to the future and longer terra aspects of the situation, Botswana appreciates the difficulty in obtaining any undertaking or assurance which would be binding on a future independent government of Namibia. 9. Botswana proposes however to request from the Council for Namibia a statement of agreement or no objection to the arrangements which Botswana wishes to make concerning the Okavango waters. At the same time, through consultation with other interested parties, Botswana also wishes to obtain similar though less formal assurances from those (both in the United Nations and the OAU) primarily concerned with the realization of Namibian self- determination and independence. 10. While the Secretary-General may not consider it appropriate to offer a specific statement on the substance of this matter it may be useful to be aware of Botswana's position and of its proposed consultations with a view to obtaining the assurances referred to above. UNITED NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM M INTERIEUR TO: The Secretary-General E: 23 August 1973 A: REFERENCE: THROUGH: S/C DE: Tang King—chao, Under-Secretary-General- v/.. FROM: DE: for Political Affairs and Decolonization/ 'Commemorantion of Namibia Day Further to our conversation, 1 attach a copy of the statement to be made tomorrow morning on Namibia Day, for your information and comments. He» President, Th© Secretary-General rogrets that, nuaerous ccsasdtsaents arising as a consequence of his iisainant departure for the Middle Bast, have prevented him from being here in parson to participate in this special session which is being held to con2SE©orat<3 Nazaibia Day. ife has asked me, to express on his behalf his heartfelt support for, and syiapathy vdtjb, * • the cause of the ilamibiaa people and his earnest hop® that this special session -will contribute to focusing world-wide attention on the jxroblesss wnich confront them. *&•• President, is® are faceting here today to pay tribute to a people which, raore than any other is entitled to look to the United Nations not only for the protection of their fundamental hxaaan rights, but also for support and assistance in thair struggle to achieve that most basic of all rights, the ri/-i:ifc to freedom and independence. fhe United nations, pledged by its Charter, by the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and by .-trie Universal Declaration on Huxoan Rights has the obligation to play a leading role in the druggie against colonialism and racial injustice, In the case of Namibia, however, that obligation is oven more imperative, for ever since 1966 when the* General Assembly terminated tho League of 5fe.td.ons tfandato exercised by South Africa, the United Nations has ass>saed direct responsibility for ths Territory and for enabling the people to exercise the inalienable right to self-doteraination and independence* -2 - Tftat the United Uatieiss aa& not yet succeeded in discharging the responsibilities widlca ii assumed in 1966 is not dus to any lack oS concern on tha part of the- IssLted Iwationa, nor to &EGT failure on th© part of this Council, v£iiis& ia ti*e legal authority charged *dfch Esoibia until indepezia@ne8» Indeed, tha Coujicil has ffiade unstinting eiforts to disclierga its j^ss^nsibilities to the extent that have perndtted* For icore than 20 years ^iie refusal of the GovemoeKt ol South Africa to i'ccogni39 th^ right of ^ue people of liandbia has eoni>ont;ed the Ur Today, on Kaoibia Day ,. 1st us pay tsdbtite to the Jlassibian people Mr. Hennig: A Mr. Kerina called. He claimed he had been trying to get in touch with you regarding an appointment for a Rev. B.C. Karuaera, a Namibian leader whom the Secretary-General has met. The Reverend would like to meet with you or the Sec- retary-General before he leaves on Friday afternoon. Mr. Kerina1s telephone number is 772-6999. Cora MISION PERMANENTE DE CHILE ANTE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS 809 UNITED NATIONS PLAZA NEW YORK. N. Y. 1O017 No. 44 L_a MlsitSn Hermanente de Chile ante las Naciones Unldas saluda muy atentarnente al senor Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas y tiene el honor de referirse al documenlo provisional CRP/73, preparado reclentemente por el secretariado del Comlte" Especial encargado de examinar la situacidn con respecto a la aplicacidn de la Declaracion sobre la concesifSn de la Sndependencia a los pafees y pueblos colontales. E.1 citado documento dice relaci6n con las actividades de intereses econdmlcos extranjeros en Namibia y en 41 se hace una breve referenda a un organisrno estatai chileno, la cual no se ajusta a la reaMdad. En efecto, en la pa*gina 18, numeral 60, del documenio, se comentan las actividades de la empresa sud-airicana "Ovenstone South West investments J_td.". L.a oraciiSn ante-penultima del parrafo, lee somo sigue: "Ovenstone has one overseas activity. In partnership with the Chilean Government agency known as CORPO, it owns a share In a company named Sndustone SAP, which operates in Chile." Al respecto, la Misidn Permanente de Chile desea expresar al senor Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas que, por lo menos desde hace ocho anos, no existe relac!6n comercial alguna entre la mencionada ernpresa sud-africana y la Corporacidn de Fomento de la Producci6n - 2 - i esta Misidn agradeceria al senor Secretario General tuviera a bien hacer corregir ta inforrnacidn contenida en el documenio de trabajo CRF/73. !— a MisitSn Permanente de Chile ante las Naciones Unldas aprovecha la oportuntdad para reiterar al senor SecretaHo General de las Naciones UnJdas las seguridades de au mas alta y dtstinguida consicieraci5n. York, 12 de julio de 1973 The Honorable Kurt Waldheim Secretary General The United Nations UN Plaza New York, N.Y. v 105 WEST 56th STREET, NEWYORK.N.Y. 10019 Germans—the status of West Berlin, the reduction of Namibia, flfthe territory is known in African circles. arms in Central Europe and travel between East and As the Financial Mail summed it up: "For the first West Germany—were mentioned, but in no way were time, South Africa is talking about the population of they appreciably altered by the high level talks. Only South West Africa 'as a whole.' That's really some- in economic matters, vital to the Russians, was there thing." In short, South Africa seems to have dropped discernible and concrete progress. Another recent ex- its contention that the area is not sufficiently homoge- ample of Soviet toughness in political and military neous to be treated as a potential nation. bargaining: after seemingly endless procedural snags More important for the immediate future, South in Vienna, the Mutual Balanced Force Reduction talks Africa has committed itself not to force down the have gotten underway with a U. S. capitulation to the throat of the mandate "any given system contrary to Russian demand that Hungary be excluded from full the wishes of the whole population." The government consideration as a Central European country within would not, if these words mean anything, pursue its the purview of these Central European arms talks! On policy of "separate development." It would not, in the face of it, that capitulation makes little sense. other words, fragmentize the territory, in the manner Vo doubt Mr. Brezhnev would hope for the same of its racial policies at home, into nonwhite entities, sornof "progress" in Washington that he seems to leaving the best land for the 90,000 white residents haveWhieved in Bonn—economic deals at the lowest of South West Africa. political price possible. At this point, however, Water- gate again raises its ugly head. For if it is true that Mr. ... Old Story It still remains a question, how- Nixon's pgnitical weakness puts him in a relatively at Home ever, whether, even with these bargaining position vis-a-vis the Russians, concessions, the government of weakness might mean that he could not later South Africa can be said to have won the trust and pod on what he had conceded to them in the confidence of black Africa. That very policy of "sep- bargaining sessions. arate development" is still a lively issue within South Africa itself. New Lease UN Secretary General Kurt Wald- The morality of apartheid has long been questioned for SW Africa . . . heim deserves an A-plus for by such moderates as Mrs. Suzman. But now the black achievement. He not only got to leaders of the bantustans (the tribal homelands to talk with South African Foreign Minister Hilgard which the Africans are confined), who were supposed Muller concerning the administration of South West to assist the government in its pursuit of "separate Africa. He was also able to wring some concessions development," are not turning out to be Uncle Toms from the South African government that won the after all. Recent weeks have witnessed a flood of com- beaming approval of the country's moderate (and too plaints, demands and even threats addressed to the small) minority. Helen Suzman, for example, the lib- South African government. Since these very leaders eral member of Parliament who had long been piling were chosen on the ground that they were the truly up an enviable record as an almost lone goad to the "representative" voices of the African community, the government of Prime Minister John Vorster, was able government is uncertain how to cope with the outburst. to praise publicly its flexibility and to suggest that it The principal issue is an unjust distribution of land had gone further than ever before in the matter of that leaves the black homelands "like an unfinished policy toward the mandate territory of South West jigsaw puzzle" of doubtful economic viability. More Africa. than that, as the Rand Daily Mail has put it, it is an South Africa's intentions toward South West Africa "essentially weak system" that "up to now has relied have long been an enigma. Now, we have it on the as- on timorous spokesmen who are prepared to promote surance of Mr. Muller, independence for this sizable the apartheid line." Unfortunately, these spokesmen slice of land that South Africa inherited from World are turning out to be not so timorous after all, and War I Germany, "might not take longer than ten that may be just the reason for the new policy of years." The press in South Africa immediately inter- flexibility in South West Africa. For that small favor preted this commitment as an end to the "quality of the government of South Africa is to be congratulated. timelessness" in government policy toward the man- But that does not mean that all is yet right in the date and a "green light" to eventual independence for very tiny world of South Africa itself. 510 America I June 2, 1973 A. Prohaska/jh CONFIDENTIAL f1" Pv 29 May 1973 Mote for the Secretary-General Mr. Stavropoulos received a call that was originally put through to the Secretary-General by the "Rand Daily Mail" of South Africa. In this telephone conversation, Mr. Stavropoulos was asked what the reaction of the Secretary-General was to the killing of the two Canadian girls by Zambian soldiers, "an act that was perpetrated in the presence of 51 witnesses". Mr. Stavropoulos replied that the Secretary-General's reaction was one of shock and distress. The Rand Daily Mail insisted that the Secretary-General"examine and condemn the lies that were told by President KaundaV Mr. Stavropoulos replied that the Secretary-General was not a judge who could pronounce such 41 sentences or oritoate investigations of that kind. Any investigation by the *>j United Nations would have to be asked for by a Member State of the Organization. The Rand Daily Mail was told that any State, even South Africa, could ask for such an investigation. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR TO: 19T3 A: The Secretary THROUGH: S/C DE: FROM: Cons t antir'St avropoul os DE: T: f,BjETf Brief on Namibia The attached, note concerning your report on Namibia now before the Security Council, seeks to identify the main points on which progress was achieved as a ""contacts with South Africa. It also contains information on subsequent developments. The note is intended for use in private conversations. F •' ' J C f ••( ^^^s^- "'' -•-' ^ Confidential 17 May 1973 NAMIBIA At the forthcoming conference in Addis Ababa, the African Heads of State will be called upon to determine what position their governments will take in the Security Council concerning the renewal of the Secretary-General's mandate in respect of Namibia. As this is such a sensitive issue, the Secretary-General will doubtless not w_ishjbo add anything publicly to the conclusions contained in his report. To do otherwise might expose him to an emotional attack. The question will already have been discussed at the meetings of foreign ministers where the arguments against renewal of the mandate will have been fully explained. On the other hand, the Secretary-General will be expected to express his views on the matter privately riot only at Addis Ababa, but also in Zambia which, among other things, occupies the presidency of the Council for Namibia. In so doing, the Secretary-General may wish to keep the following in mind. Although it is true that the statement received from South Africa on 30 April does not correspond with the position of the United Nations, it would be unrealistic to expect more from South Africa since the dispute has been at an impasse for over 27 years. "Furthermore, the fact that South Africa wants to continue the dialogue with the United Nations is significant in itself. The two most important elements in the statement are the assurances that (a) South Africa will fully respect the wishes of the whole population of the Territory with regard to the latter's future constitutional organization and (b) it has no intention of imposing any constitutional system and that any exercise to ascertain the wishes of the population in this regard will not be compromised by any existing political and administrative arrangements. This represents an advance on South Africa's previous position which has always been that it was the best judge of the wishes of the inhabitants and that any referendum, such as South Africa — 2 — proposed to the International Court of Justice, would confirm the people's support for the policy of "separate development of the races".— A third element, which is of almost equal importance, is the assurance that "the Government of South Africa ... will in co-operation with the inhabitants, determine such measures as will ensure the achieve- 2.1 ment of the goal of self-determination and independence."— This also represents an advance on the previous position according to which a personal representative of the Secretary-General would "assist in achieving this aim". From the point of view of South African public opinion the statement has a special significance^firs^ because the South African Government has declared its readiness to assign a definite role to the Secretary- General in the process of self-determination, and secondly'because for the first time South Africa has stated that it will respect the wishes of the Africans. It should be remembered that in the past South Africa has never consulted the wishes of Africans on such matters, and within its own borders it has never entertained any other option for the African people than their segregation in bantustans. Therefore, ambiguous as the phraseology may be, the statement is seen by white South Africans, even liberals, as a departure from rigid apartheid principles, according to which Africans have been treated as somewhat less than thinking beings, hardly capable of holding valid opinions. Furthermore, the reaffirmation that the Territory has a separate international status and that South Africa has no territorial claims upon it, appears to many South Africans as a reversal of the trend towards de facto annexation of the Territory, at least on the administrative level, which has been taking place since 1968. There is, of course, nothing new in this affirmation, but it has sharply reminded white South Africans of something which they had almost forgotten. I/ The phraseology employed by South Africa falls far short of that suggested by the Secretary-General who, in Geneva had urged upon Dr. Muller a formula according to which South Africa would have stated that it would "fully respect the wishes of the majority of the population consulted as a whole". 2j This formula is also weaker than that suggested by the Secretary-General, namely that "the Government of South Africa will co-operate with the Secretary-General in laying down a time-table and other measures which will ensure necessary conditions for the early achievement of self-determination and independence". - 3 - For these reasons, the statement has had a greater impact on public opinion within South Africa than in the outside world. This is largely the result of South Africa's self-inflicted isolation from trends of opinion elsewhere. The statement is, of course, full of ambiguities and mistrust of South Africa's intentions renders these ambiguities immediately apparent. Many United Nations Members, especially African States, are convinced that it is South Africa's hope that, after ten years of self-government, there will be vested interests in the African homelands which will effectively oppose the creation of a unitary state. For those who share this opinion, the essential point is that South Africa has not abandoned its policy of separate development of. the races in Namibia, a policy which the United Nations has condemned. Scepticism concerning the sincerity of South Africa's intentions has unfortunately been reinforced by events since the publication of the Secretary-General's report on 30 April. The proclamation of self-government for the Ovambo and Kavango homelands and the unfortunately-worded speech by Mr. de Wet, the Commissioner-General for the Indigenous People of South West Africa, at Oshakati on 1 May, in which he said that "the Ovambo nation took its guardian into its confidence so that the latter should lead it to independence", seemed to indicate that nothing has changed and that South Africa is determined to arrive at separate independence for the homelands. Even more unfortunate, however, was the subsequent arrest and detention in Ovamboland of 9 le_aders of opposition parties,— on charges of having violated the Emergency Regulations by holding political meetings without the prior sanction of the new Ovambo government. Less than a week after these arrests, the Legislative Assembly of the Ovambo homelands decided to ban parties whose aims were "not in the interests of the Ovambo people", which presumably means parties opposed to the "homelands" policy. This has been interpreted as being in conflict .with, the assurance given to the Secretary-General by South Africa, that, subject to the requirements of public safety, all political parties in the Territory would enjoy freedom of political activity, including the holding of public meetings in the process leading to self-determination. 3/ Including two leaders whom the Secretary-General met on his visit: Mr. John O'tto (Acting Secretary General of SWAPO) and Mr. J. Nagutuuala (President of the National Democratic Co-operative Development Party). In deciding whether or not to renew the Secretary-General's mandate, the Security Council is faced with a dilemma. If it decides that the .dffort should be terminated, it~is" very" unlikely that the Council could agree upon any alternative course of action which wQtLL,.d Jiaye any ^real effect on the course of events in^ Namibia. On the^ other hand, if it decides to renew the Secjce.tary-Ge^neraJ-'s..mandate-,...-it..can be argued that the Council, despite its contrary asse,rtions,, will be seen as tacitly accepting South Africa's continued presence in the Territory and thereby undermining the United Nations position of principle. One argument in favour of continuing the contacts is that they have had an important impact on white public opinion in South Africa and Namibia and have stimulated a new political awareness among non-whites in the Territory, a side effect of which has been to strengthen support among Namibians for the United Nations Council for Namibia. If only for this reason, it can be considered that a continuation of the contacts "cannot"But influence the situation.,,...... Another argument is that eventually, in the long run, opinion may' change in South Africa and events may force that Government to seek a new relationship with the African peoples. Continuing pressure by the United Nations through diplomati£_and other contacts can helpto prevent a situation arising which could have serious international repercussions. If the Security Council decides to renew the Secretary-General's mandate, this should not prevent the United Nations,and the Security Council in particular, from pursuing other courses of action towards the same goal. """""' ~~""....,..-.--.— ..,„„,.-—- • • —- 'K ,,j tt Windhoek, South-west Africa, committee, came after the arrest week under the South African last week of three Ovambo Depo- Government's controversial jly in OvanTBoT£n3jnas_ac££2lgd sition leaders. plans for Bantustan " self-rule," Mr Jannie de Wet, the com- announced that applications for recdinmenda/tToiTtbat political missioner-general for the_in- the establishment of political parties should be permitted in d is e.jTous_^eQp_leIoErS o u'tK-XV c s t parties should be submitted to :he African homeland, but has Africa, said today that the thres the Chief Minister. jarred those whose aims were had bsgn_ arrasted g.n_Am;iJ.,30, The three arrested men are ..- gr all23ec!ly..-^anizLng.aur,£stv known ta_object _to the_South OvarrTBro people." . .of Todays" announcement- of the Chief t!^ttmYor^~.^:clV'T3"'ru'!:d~'4n- Assembly's decision, which -.vas. ":en after recommendations Cabinet, v.-hich made . - by.. - .a ..constitutional received increased pov.-srs last 2e liter? : r2——™-=— UNITED NATIONS ^g&ffj NATIONS UNIES NEW YORK Le 2 nai 1973 le Directeur general, M. Bruno Crini, votre envoye special a. la Conference Internationale dre:cperts pour le soutien aux victines an calonialisse et de 1'apartheid en Afrique australe tenue a Oslo. a pose dans un article paru dans TT-Jeur.e Afrique"1 du 23 avril 1973 certaines questions sur les recents entretiens q;j.e le Secretaire general de I1 Organisation des Nations Unies a eus a Geneve =vec le Ministre des affaires etrangeres de 1'Afriqus du Eui,- .. :-[. Crir-i 5'eat denande pourquoi M. Kurt Waldheim s'est rer.du a. Geneve pour ' ur. tate— a— tete" avec le ministra Gua— africain des affaires etrangeres, M. iiilgari Huller, et dans quelle nesure la rencontre s'inscrit "dans les reccmandations faites r>ar 1'OJITU a son secretaire general pour la solution du problene de la Namibie", Je vcudrais attirer votre attention sur le fait cue la rencontre du Secretaire generai et du Ministre des affaires etrangeres a eu lieu dans le cadre du niandat cue le Conseil de securite avait confis au Secretaire general cans sa resolution 323 (1972) du 6 deceribre 1972. En effet dans cette resolution, le Conseil de securite a invite "le Secretaire general a- pcursuivrs ...., en consultation et en etroite cooperation avec le C-roupe du Conseil de securite constitue conformeaent a la resolution 309 (1972) at, au "besoin, avec le concours de represent ants, ses efforts neritoires en ~/ue d'octe.iir que n Yanned o eune Airique 51 aver.ue des 1 ernes 75317 Paris UNITED NATIONS ^J NATIONS UNIES — 2 — le peuple namibien exerce librsnant et dans 1'observation stricte du principe de 1'egalite das hoimnes, son droit a. I'autodeteraiination et a. I1 independance, conformement a. la 'Charte des Nations Unies". Je me •permets de vous rappeler que 1'action que le Secretaire general est ainsi autorise a poursuivre a ete entreprise en vertu de la resolution 309 (1972) adoptee par le Conseil de securite le h fevrier 1972 a Addis Abeba. Dans cette resolution, le Conseil 1'avait invite "a se mettre en rapport des que possible avec toutes les parties interessees ea vue d'etablir les conditions necessaires pour permettre au peuple namibien d'exercer, librement et dans 1'observation rigoureuse des principes de 1'egalite das honmes, son droit a 1'autodetsnnination et a I1independance...." Je tiens a. preciser egaleraent que le Secretaire general ne s'est pas specialeiaent readu a Geneve pour rencontrer le Ministre des affaires etrangeres de 1'Afriqua du Sud inais qu'il a profita du sajour qu'il a effectue dans cette ville a 1'occasion de la recente session du Comite adainistratif de coordination, organe qui reunit periodiquenent sous la presidence du Secretaire general les directeurs generaux des institutions specialisees des Nations Unies, pour avoir des entretiens qui se sont avares •indispensables avant la presentation de son rapport au Conseil de securite. II a precede de cette facon avec 1'assentiment du Groupe du Ccnseil de securite constitue conforaement a la resolution 309 (1972); ce groupe ast a present compose des raprssentants du Soudan, du Ferou et de la Yougoslavie. D'autra part, ja vous inforae qua j'ai personnellament accompagne le Secretaire general pendant les entretiens qui etaient necessairanent d'ordre prive et que deux autres fonctionnaires de 1'OJIU , MM. Myles Minchin, Diractaur adjoint au departement des affaires politinues, de la tutelle et de la decolonisation, et Macaire Pedanou, attache au cabinet du Secretaire genaral, Staiant esalanent "cressnts. En outre, la rencontre ?, fait 1'objet d'^nncnces a la presse de la part du Service de 1'information de 1"Organisation das ZJations Unies aussi bian au Siege qu'a 1'Office das ;-Iations Unies a Geneva, II n'y avait done rien de secret au su.jet de cette rencontrs. UNITED NATIONS &»$ NATIONS UNIES - 3 - J'espers qua cette mise au point aidera a dissiper toute equivoque qui aurait pu surgir en cs qui concerne les entratiens que le Secretaire general a eus avec le Ministre des affaires etrangeres de 1'Afrique du Sud. Yeuillez agreer, Monsieur le Directeur general, les assurances de ma consideration tres distinguee. Le Conseiller juridique Constantin A. Stavronoulos 27 avril 1973 Note speciale Comment Jeune Afrique juge vos entretiens avec Hilgard Kii Dans un compte-rendu des travaux a Oslo de la Conference Internationale"d*experts \ pour le soutien aux victimes du colonialisme et de 1'apartheid en Afrique ausi^rale, ... Jeune Afrique du 28 avril observe ce qui suit: "On s'est interroge a Oslo sur le sens d'une tentative de dialogue *. avec les regimes racistes et colonialistes, puisque le seul langage qu'ils , sont en mesure de comprendre est celui de la violence. De meme, pourquoi K. Kurt teldheim, secretaire general de 1'CICU, s'est-il rendu a Geneve pour un tete-a-tete avec le rninistre sud-africain des affaires etrangeres, K. Hilgard k'uller? Cette initiative a surpris tout le monde. Dans quelle mesure la rencontre (ncuf heures dans le secret le plus absolu & I'h&tel Intercontinental) s'inscrit-elle clans les recoiranandations faites par l'CI\U a son secretaire general pour la solution du probleme de la Kaniibie? Questions inquietar.tes, car elles laissent une grande place a 1Tequivoque en un moment ou la realite des faits exige la plus grande clarte." | II serait peut-etre souhaitable, M. le Secretaire general, ae prendre en / ^consideration les rercarques de Jeune Afrique et d'envoyer une nise au point sur Ha question k son directeur, M. Een Yalimed. M. Tlili / 27 avril 1975 Mote speciale Comment Jeune Afrique juge vos entretiens avec Hilgard Dans un compte-rendu des travaux a Oslo de la Conference internationaleV'experts \ pour le soutien aux victimes du colonialisme et de I1apartheid en Afrique aus^rale, Jeune Afrique du 28 avril observe ce qui suit: "On s'est interroge a Oslo sur le sens d'une tentative de dialogue avec les regimes racistes et colonialistes, puisque le seul langage qu'ils sont en mesure de comprendre est celui de la violence. De meme, pourquoi M. Kurt Waldheira, secretaire general de 1'OKU, s'est-il rendu a Geneve pour un tete-a-tete avec le rainistre sud-africain des affaires etrangeres, M. Hilgard Muller? Cette initiative a surpris tout le monde. Dans quelle mesure la rencontre (neuf heures dans le secret le plus absolu a 1'hotel Intercontinental) sfinscrit-elle dans les recommandations faites par 1'OMJ a son secretaire general pour la solution du probleme de la Namibie? Questions inquietantes, car elles laissent une grande place a I1equivoque en un moment ou la realite des faits exige la plus grande clarte." II serait peut-etre souhaitable, M. le Secretaire general, de prendre en consideration les remarques de Jeune Afrique et d'envoyer une mise au point sur La question a son directeur, M. Ben Yahmed. M. Tlili J3UKS AFRIQUE, SATURDAY, 28 APRIL 1973 ; de notre enuoye special a Oslo Bruno Crimi Le Portugal, la Rhodesie et I'Afrique du Sud etaient au bane des accuses a Oslo. Par la meme occasion, on jugeait pour complicite les puissances occidentales. II y a eu un instant d'emotion dans la affirmer — comme le disait Cabral mis en accusation par presque tous les grande salle de la Folket Hus d'Oslo quelques mois avant sa mort — « un intervenants. Et, dans la resolution quand furent evoques la personnalite des principes fondamentaux inscrits finale, la Conference lancait un appel et le role d'Amilcar Cabral. Us etaient dans la charte des Nations unies » : pour qu' « un embargo international la plus de trois cents participants (dele- 1'autodetermination et 1'independance. soil impose par 1'ONU sur la fourniture gues et journalistes) a la Conference Tout cela a ete possible parce que, des au Portugal de toutes armes et de tout internationale d'experts pour le soutien la premiere seance, M. Dagfinn Var- materiel militaire, y compris les avions aux victimes du colonialisme et de vik, ministre des affaires etrangeres de civils, les bateaux et les autres moyens 1'apartheid en Afrique australe, qui Norvege — pays qui, sur une demar- de transport pouvant etre utilises pour ont observe une minute de silence a che de 1'ancien president de I'OUA, le transport du materiel et du person- la memoire du grand leader assassine M. Mokhtar Ould Daddah, avait ac- nel militaire », tout en denoncant « la le 20 Janvier 1973. cepte d'accueillir la Conference — a collaboration entire le Portugal et L'absence d'Amilcar Cabral se faisait denonce d'une part 1'entreprise du d'autres pays, comme Falliance anglo- pesante pour tous. Peut-etre pour ce colonialisme portugais, d'autre part les portugaise, 1'accord des Acores entre qu'il aurait pu dire dans une pareille solidarites occidentales qui permettent Lisbonne et Washington, le pacte mi- reunion, « conference unique dans a la Republique Sud-Africaine et a la litaire entre le Portugal et FEspagne », 1'histoire de la lutte contre le colonia- Rhodesie d'entretenir leur ideologic etc. lisme et 1'apartheid », devait declarer, raciste, ces deux pays que M. Varvik Dans un contexte caracterise par la de- a la fin des travaux, Fambassadeur Ole a pratiquement traites comme des hors- tente entre les « grands » de ce monde Algard, representant permanent de la la-loi de la communaute internationale. desormais multipolaire ; a un moment Norvege aux Nations unies. L'intervention du ministre norvegien a oil la situation dans le principal foyer surtout mis a 1'aise les delegues qui d'inquietude, le Sud-Est asiatique, 1'ont accueillie avec chaleur. Rappe- va difficilement vers la normalisa- Une date historique lons que la Norvege, membre de tion, la realite existante en Afrique C'etait en effet la premiere fois que les 1'OTAN, n'a pas hesite, il n'y a pas australe devient de jour en jour plus mouvements de liberation africains se si longtemps, a soulever le probleme dangereuse pour la paix mondiale. trouvaient « a part entiere >> en des colonies portugaises au Conseil Cette evidence a ete sdulignee a main- tant que representants authentiques des de I'Alliance atlantique. Bien plus, Oslo tes reprises a Oslo. Et c'est precise- peuples encore domines par les re- a interrompu ses fournitures d'armes ment pourquoi la communaute inter- gimes racistes et le colonialisme por- au Portugal tout en commencant, pa- nationale doit mettre les principaux tugais — a une reunion internationale rallelement, a fournir une aide sub- responsables de la situation, Portugal organisee conjointement par 1'ONU et stantielle aux mouvements de liberation et RSA, dans 1'impossibilite de pour- I'OUA". C'est un precedent qui fera africains. Preuve qu'il est possible de suivre leur activite destructrice. date dans 1'histoire, au-dela des limites dissocier ses responsabilites de celles fixees a la Conference : les conclusions du Portugal qui ne poursuit ses trois des six jours de travaux (9-14 avril) guerres africaines que grace a . 1'aide Conclusions pratiques seront soumises a 1'approbation de de 1'OTAN et, a travers des accords Dans une recente interview accordee 1'Assemblee generate des Nations bilateraux, avec celle de la plupart des a 1'AFP, le gouverneur militaire du unies. membres de 1'Alliance atlantique. Mozambique, le general Kaulza de L'important est que les leaders des Arriaga, a dit clairement que les « de- mouvements de liberation, les experts L'accusation fenseurs de la civilisation occidentale » et les representants de quelques dizai- en Afrique australe doivent se preparer nes de pays aient affronte le probleme Les raisons qui ont conduit la Norvege a une veritable «guerre tradition- du colonialisme et de 1'apartheid en a se faire 1'un des protagonistes de nelle » pour eviter « 1'avancee du partant de la realite actuelle et de cette conference de I'OUA et de communisme » dans ce secteur fonda- 1'evolution concrete et previsible des FONU sont probablement celles-la mental du continent. Voila qui differentes situations de, lutte. Pour memes qui ont, au contraire, incite les confirme ce qui a ete debattu a Oslo. une fois, on a laisse de cote la theorie Etats-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne et la S'il est vrai, comme 1'a dit le represen- pour etudier les moyens d'appuyer les France a ne pas y participer. Ces trois tant chinois, M. Chang, que « la situa- exigences de peuples qui luttent pour pays, en effet, ont invariablement ete tion revolutionnaire en Afrique aus- De gauche a droite, Vasco Cabral et Marcelino dos Santos respectivement representant du PA1GC et du FREUMO d la Conference d'Oslo. Portugal et a la RSA de perpetuer leur agression centre les peuples de 1'Afrique australe et de la Guinee- Bissau. A cet egard, la conference a pleine- ment satisfait les desirs des mouve- ments de liberation, sinon depasse leur attente. Dans une serie de reso- lutions votees a la fin des travaux, les requetes concretes des leaders des mouvements nationalistes ont etc mi- ses en vedette. Par exemple, en ce qui concerne les colonies portugaises, on a demande une action a travers la- quelle « les garanties d'exportation et d investissement doivent etre suppri- mees et aucun pret consenti au Por- tugal » tout en organisant « un boy- ' cott international des importations et' des exportations effectuees par le Por- ' tugal » au nom des colonies. En ou- tre, I'ONU « doit prendre des mesures pour mettre en ceuvre la decision par laquelle elle a habilite le conseil de la Namibie a agir comme une auto- rite legale ». L'ONU doit rendre ope- trale est excellente », il est vrai aussi s'est-il rendu a Geneve pour un rationnelles les mesures visant a ce que, pour cette raison meme, le « pou- a-tete avec le ministre sud-africainjles que « les marchandises dont 1'origine voir pale » se prepare a tout mettre en "affaires etrangeres. M.JHilgard Mul- rhodesienne est etablie ou qui sont ceuvre- pour intensifier la repression ler ? Cette initiative a,surpris_tout_le-_ destinees a la Rhodesie doivent etre avec tous les moyens que les puis- mondeT Dans quelle mesure la rear, saisies et vendues, et le produit de la sances occidentales mettront a sa dis- centre (neuf heures dans le secret le vente remis au mouvement de libera- position. En ce sens, chaque obus, plus absolu a I'fiotel Intercontinental) tion du Zimbabwe ». Enfin, pour chaque Char, chaque avion fourni au ?inscrit-elle~9ans les recommandations 1'Afrique du Sud, « 1'embargo inter- Portugal et a 1'Afrique du Sud par faites par T'ONLJ a son secretaire ge- national sur les armes doit etre appli- les Etats-Unis, 1'Angleterre, la France, nerarpour la s"olution du probleme de que integralement par tous les Etats, 1'AlIemagne federate, est non seule- la NamJ5ie~?~Questions injquietantes. le Conseil de securite doit denoncer ment une atteinte au respect de la c arelles laissent une grande_place a les Etats, notamment la France, qui le liberte humaine, mais aussi un pas en I'equivoque en un moment ou la rea- violent, et veiller a le faire appliquer... avant vers un conflit qui pourrait ^ des faits exige plus grande L'ONU et les organismes des Nations aller au-dela des puissances directe- clarte._ unies doivent collaborer etroitement ment concernees, en vertu de la spi- Olivier Tambo, pour 1'ANC ; Agos- avec les mouvements de lutte centre ! rale de violence qu'engendre le fait tinho Neto, pour le MPLA ; Marce- 1'apartheid, leur fournir tout 1'appui ! meme des livraisons d'armes a des lino dos Santos, pour le FRELIMO ; necessaire et, la oil ces mouvements pays qui ont fait de la violence leur Vasco Cabral, pour le PAIGC ; Geor- n'existent pas, encourager leur crea- regie de conduite. ges Silundika, pour le ZAPU ; les re- tion ». Face a cette realite, on s'est interroge presentants du FNLA, du ZANU, du Ainsi, pour la premiere fois, une reu- a Oslo sur le sens_ d'une tentative de Pan African Congress, de 1'African nion comme celle d'Oslo est parvenue dialogue avec les regimes racistes et National Council, du ZWAPO, ont a des conclusions hautement pratiques. colonialistes, puisque le seul langage justement tous demande un effort de A I'ONU desormais de prendre enfin qu'ils sont en mesure de comprendre clarte, des mesures concretes de soli- ses responsabilites face a la commu- est celui de la violence. darite, un appui moral, sinon materiel. naute Internationale en rendant rapi- De meme, _pourquoi ML_Kurt Wal- A tous les pays. Done, aussi, aux puis- dement operationnelles les decisions dneim, secretaire general de 1'ONU, sances occidentales qui permettent au prises dans la capitale norvegienne. H SLIP F1CHE DE TRANSMISSION ^ " • Mr. Hsnnig - \ ^ ?Cft ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER ' ?Ca APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION PCS SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PRO JET A REDIGER PCS COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS " • MAT WE CONFER? . POURRIONS-NOUS ENPARLER? TOCR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED • ' SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDS :-- NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CI_\SS£R .?-,-: :- XOTE AND RETURN NOTER'ET RETOURNER " ;....-! ' FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION .;; :v-P*^g^;:^:'---'. -•''•v-1:: •'• ^'':-:^;';'--v.- ••'>:;--;',-.-;V .'.""• E^:^5u:->.. Sis-' attached may be useful in connexion. ^ "'?;'^-'with' the Meeting of the: Secretary-General '^ J- i'^f ^ with Ambassador 6gbu and.Kr. Oliver '"'"-'"-. P/;v'.' feabo'^. Acting. President General of the ::.j -.:.;•/ ;-t?-V-' African mtional Congress of South Africa Hate;.. . ;. : FROM:: . •fiM' DE: •'-f.yrt' April 197 5 ''•"••• S.S/Eeddy. ^W '•• • :-v' €2.13(11^9 '-V::V ' k April 1973 Mr. Oliver Tambo, Acting President of the African National Cong of South Africa, is one of the older and sore experienced leaders of African Liberation Movement - he is .about 5^. Hs '-ras a. close colleague of the late Chief Lutuli and very highly respected for his personal integrity. Mr. Tambo was a teacher for many years and then obtained a law degree He practised law in partnership with Mr. Nelson ! Mr. Taabo started his political career in 1944 when he became leader of the ANC Youth League. This League pressed for a more dynamic and militant programme and built the ANC into an influential mass movement. He has been one of the tor> three leaders of the ANC since about 1950. A . . At the request of Chief Lutuli and the natinal executive, he left South Africa secretly after the Sharpeville incident in 1960 to take charge of all external activities. His last visit to New York was in March 196^, at the invitation of the Group of Experts-, headed by Mrs. Kyrdal and Lord j^asssia Caradon for . consultations. In 1968, he was invited by the Special Committee on. Apartheid, during its session in Stockholm and London, to participate in its meetings. \0 The Secretary-General this morning had a meeting with the Group of Three in order to fc^fortn them about his contacts with the South African Goverh$ent concerning Hamibia. The Secretary-General had previously had a number of talks •with .Ambassador Carl von Hirschberg of South African before his trips to &3ia and Paris. During his absence Mr. Stavropoulos continued the contacts. In the light of the exchange of views between the Secretary-General and the Group of Three this morning the Secretory-General later today met again with Ambassador von Hirachberg. ON 73 F NAIROBI 157 10 0800 UNATIONS NEW YORK 1048 HO DPI FROM MAZAUD SECRETARY GROUP OF SIX GROUP MET MORNING 7 AUGUST 1972 HILTON HOTEL NAIROBI KENYA UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF MR. I8RAHIMA BOYE (SENEGAL). THE WORKING GROUP HEARD FOUR WITNESSES WHO SPOKE ABOUT THE CONDITIONS IN NAMIBIA AND SOUTH AFRICA MAKING PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO GRAVE MANIFESTATIONS OF APARTHEID AND RACIALLY DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES IN THOSE COUNTRIES. THE WITNESSES WERE MMRS. JACKSON KAMBODE, AARON SHIHDJOBA, SHAPUMBA ILLONGA AND JOE KUZWAYO. PARA ONE OF THE WITNESSES EXPLAINED HOW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PASS-LAWS IN SOUTH AFRICA ENABLED WHITE FARMERS TO OBTAIN CHEAP LABOUR FROM PRISON AUTHORITIES BY HIRING FOR TWO SHILLINGS A DAY AFRICAN PRISONERS SENTENCED FOR OFFENCES AGAINST THESE LAWS. HE ALSO DESCRIBED THE HARD LIVING CONDITIONS IN A GOVERNMENT FARM COLONY LOCATED IN THE TRANSVAAL WHERE AFRICANS HAVING COMMITTED A SECOND OFFENCE AGAINST THE PASS- . LAWS COULD BE SENT TO WORK. PARA" THE AD HOC WORKING GROUP LEFT NAIROBI S AUGUST 1972 FOR DAR-ES-SALAAM. i* UNDEVPRO.NAIROBI Feb. 1973 Anton Prohaska 3802 5012 EOSG TOKOMNIPRESS TOKYO (JAPAN) IMMEDIATE CONFIDENTIAL NO DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENTIAL HO DISTRIBUTION HEHHIG FROM PROHASKA.. ONE. CROW AHD PETRIE, AFTER HAVING INFORMALLY RAISED MATTER T»JITH HIRSCH, FEEL THAT EL GRECO MIGHT BE BETTER CHOICE. EL GRECO KNOWS PROBLEM WELL AHD HAS EXCELLENT CREDENTIALS VIS A VIS AFRICA SINCE HE ARGUED CASE BEFORE IIICCCJJJ FOR DNATIONS. ON OTHER HAND, SEEMS TO HAVE CONFIDENCE OF HIRSCH BECAUSE OF HIS STEADFAST AHD PRINCIPLED APPROACH REGARDING EXPULSION ISSUES IN GENASSEMBLY. PARA. WO. PERSONALLY FEEL THAT EL GRECO, GIVEIT A PRECISE TASK, IS ABLE TO DEPART SUFFICIENTLY FROM LEGALISTIC APPROACH TO ACHIEVE DESIRED GOAL, I.E. SUBSTANTIAL PROGRESS, EXTENSION OF DEADLINE AND CONTINUATION OF MANDATE OF SECGEN. PARA. THREE. EL GRECO UNAWARE OF THESE CONSIDERATIONS. PLEASE ADVISE WHETHER I SHOULD INFORM HIM OR WHETHER SECGEN PREFERS OTHER ALTERNATIVE. Anton Prohaska Personal Assistant to the Secretary-General era/tab for the record 22 July 1972 Is regard to the correspondence with Mr* H. Leslie Simon of Johannesburg, South Africa, I consulted Mr. Clacko aad he felt that it is best to let the faatter rest with nqr interim of 24 June 1972 unless be writes again. C.V. tfarasiiahaa C2ief de Cabinet ess. Mr. !•!?. Mrs CVll/tab c.c. Mr. C. Stavropoulos Mr. I. Klttani Mr. A. A* Baiaid Mr. C.H. Weitz Mr. £ Eennig/Mr. A. Probaska ^-^jfo-s.. S. Mira Mr. Tang Ming-chao la coafis^itlon of the disctissioa that you sad had. durl^ig yota* recent jaeetins in I enclose a cc»pgr or the note fcs* the rec C.T. Jfeorasiiabaa Clief de Cabinet Food snsS. .AgrieulttJi°e Or^taiaatioa of tisg Ubltesl Sa-feloas Via d&ll® 5tems dl Caraealla . , COLQQ Italy /- C7TI/ fcar cc: Mr. C- .3tavr^T)->u' os Mr. I. ir.ttani Mr. A. A. j&rsdd Mr. C, H. tfeitz Mr. G, Eeamg/Mr A. Prohaska Mrs. H. Mira SA-I Dr. FAO aiseuss^fi the ,ju^stl-~p. "f the 3 ru th-^ast Cooarsiaslor. on 25 Jwae, Br. Btit-r^a printed "iut tl;at this one -xf th-y ia^pox-tant f Isfai.-vt at-sas aid it vas -u?cea@ary f -r FAO to keep lu touch vjitJi th@ C^'.^iasl ;n i.; .->rder t> discharge it$ aandate la tJ^e flshssries fl«?.ci 23iis contact vi'U-'S;! als > efia^ile the Dii^gct-:^ -General t? Inform the C.iuncll r r !»ar.:bia .f a;;y .*il*l arfeet th$ futurt» fishing pit*: tia" -•=:' ly. i^stcver i-t" ;n atl -,.-j *?ae -,tai xvi -*r .-r She C'.^ntslasi. j-i which w-uld be if Interest t-> Uw C^inci' v-uL1 ;:e jessed ;>n t-? -the ixt'cy^tsrs'-Gene-rsl f.:i" trans:.,! ttal t^-tb* Couaeil fay ?*fc"ifcis. It was aj?j^se^ tha^ Dr B-.-ey-'-a c->u^d asis. It uaa als.s as^p-ed th?at ti-e FA.O :;de m accr^tar^al sssl stance t> vh? C V, Chef de Cabinet UNITED NATIONS ||jp NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM ~~*^~ MEMORANDUM 1NTERIEUR . f The Secretary-General L U$ I DATE. 20 June 1972 1v-/ * A: I \ x./m^/in'* \ ' REFERENCE: THROUGH: S/C. DE: FROM: A. A. Hamid DE: Acting Commissioner for Namibia SUBJECT: Namibia International Conference held in Brussels, 26-28 May 1972 OBJET: The Conference on Namibia was organized by SWAPO under the patronage of the Presidents of Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Romania, Senegal and Yugoslavia, and the Prime Minister of Guyana. The International Preparatory Secretariat included, apart from SWAPO, Mr. Glinne, Member of Parliament (Belgian Socialist Party), Mr. Kevers, Senator (Belgian Social Christian Party) and Mr. Van Geyt, Member of Parliament (Belgian Communist Party). The Conference was held in the Palais des Cong res on 26, 27 and 28 May. The Conference was held with the main objective of focusing attention on the problem of Namibia, particularly in Western Europe. This objective was fully achieved as the Conference received wide publicity in the news media. According to the Conference Secretariat, 79 countries were represented in the Conference, although not all delegations represented their governments. The attendance at the Conference was both qualitatively and quantitatively surprisingly good. Two African Foreign Ministers, those of Tanzania and Sierra Leone participated, the former very actively. European attendance covered a wide range of political opinion. Among those present were Lord Caradon, several British Labour M.P.s, Belgian parliamentarians of all political persuasions, Dutch Catholics and about eight French organizations. Official Government representations included USSR, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Guyana and many others. The list of international organizations participating included J2 names. Bishop Winter and Rev. Michael Scott were of course among the participatns. Namibians affiliated with organizations other than SWAPO were not invited but some of them were present. .2 -2- After the Plenary five Commissions were appointed to consider Conference documents on: 1) Namibia and the International Community 2) The Economic Exploitation of Namibia 3) Political and Social Aspects k) Legal Aspects 5) Action All the Commissions issued their reports which were embodied in the final resolution. Achievements The Conference adopted a lengthy UN type resolution which went through various drafting changes. ""T^fflTtm^ci'^int" from the UN point of view was that the delegation succeeded in having a paragraph most critical to the Secretary-General substantially amended, even though the final version did not fully conform to the formula proposed by the Council's representative, Mr. Adeniji of Nigeria. In view of the improvement and since the Council Members were not called upon to vote on the resolution, the Mission did not take any further action. The other relevant parts of the final resolution express themselves unequivocally in favour of the Council for Namibia, which the Conference definitely wishes to continue and enlarge its activities. This was very much stressed by the President of SWAPO, Mr. Sam Nujoma, who made a reasoned plea for support of the Council as the main hope for Namibia in exemplifying United Nations continued involvement in the case of Namibia self-determination and independence. I made the following statement in the Plenary: » "I have the honour to bring the greetings and sincere good wishes of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the success of this Conference. As you all know, the Secretary-General is keenly interested in the problem of Namibia and is actively concerned with work for its indepen- dence. Under the authority of the Security Council he has had discussions with the South African Government both in that country and in New York. He feels that a good start has been made and is optimistic about the outcome. The Secretary-General feels that this Conference is very important as it would help to create the kind of climate which is essential for a resolution of the problem. The Secretary-General wishes the Conference all success. c c c iKViJA£LL£.S 143/144 £7 1235 "PAGE 1/30 GENEVA ( f ^ ^iibbiur* JtLi'd WITH STAT£.-i£MlS CKIfiFii IiEL&GflIIt>H3 KOrtAIliiA < VOuOS D CiJwFEKLNGE oEHALF OF COUNCIL FOH iiAuISIA .hi ^i-iPhAoIii S POSITION AS SCLE bwlItU rf All Oh Si atii>V AUTHOR Ifctli Tu iY AND PRLPAiii 1X3 r COL NAM/72- .5021; UNATi^iS PAGi £/50 FGri 1^0£P^D£kC£ n£ .-ilGj-iLlwhTEu THE SUPP'-i;iT Hii IIvFuiCitD COivF£itE£*C£ i-ii^bEHS Cr * is WERE hiAljY PAailGlPATii ALL DlSGUbSIG^S 1^ CONKc.n£ivC£ F A3 FuLL^WS CUMMI5ION I - wAflliilA ANfl Xht IWTERWA'i lOivAL CLf-lHISSIijW II - IHi k-Cu^U'ili; COL 1^72 I II 3020 UNA1ICNS PAGE i /4S/44 2XPLL.II/iTIuw oF WAilldlA Ca'ji'ilSSlOW 111 - POLITICAL Awij SOCIAL Aii?2Cl / ... i-; CCWi'ilSSI^i IV - liuAL ASPECTS COi'i;!)lSj J0t\! V - ACTION GOttr Lhfc.i*C£ '..> rCKP£Gl£D ADJuURN 2>i WAY FOLLOWING WHICn COLiJCIL CGivIlWUEi riiSGIO*; LilPoLI ACTING CttWlSSICWErt IN BRIEF SlAl£^i£i'JT COlvV£Y£i) diittTIfiuS'OF THE S£CJ?£TAitY-GLNEHAL 10 CG ' BiN AS £ £ £ BEN AiSSA COL III iV V 28 L c.e. Mr. A .A* Easid Mr. C.V. Mr. G. Bessig Mr. K. Clsacko Mrs. B. IT (2) Hr. tist htssour to of your letter of 20 April isrittaig &S to 1 1000 Brussels j J A M i B J A ! M i" b R N A T ! O N A L CONFERENCE -. * / INTERNATIONALE CONFERENCE OVER NAMIBIA V CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE SUR LA NAMIBIE > • > • Intarnaiiona! Preparatory Secretariat Sec/sia.-Jat Prsparatoire International Internaiionaal Voorbereldend Secrstariaai 26-28. rue Kaute APR 2 01972 25-23. Hoorjstraat 10GO BRUXELLES - BELGIQUE 1000 BRUSSEL - BELG1E TEL: 02/13.23.60 (222] ACTION 02/224 95 TELEX: C2/224.95 ^"- - P.sL: I II V I T A T I 0 TI , — ------I I^iTIALS \ to the NAMIBIA II-fTERlTATIONAL CONFERENCE PALAIS SES CQNC-RES^ 3. COUDSNBEHG^ BEUSSKLS - 26-2T-28 MAY' 1972 HIS EXCSLLEIICY MR K. WALBHEIM, SECRETARY GENERAL OF TE3 UNITED NATIONS ORGAUISATIOII, NEW YORS. If*Y. IOOI7. Your Excellency, We have the honour of inviting you to the NAMIBIA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE which will take place fFo^E~'the 2o£SC£.q "28th May7; I972"af the-pAEAIS"'DSS "COIfGRES , 3 , COUDEN3SRG 1000 BRUSSELS, "" ~: - — -- ..... • ------...... — ...... — -...... ------.___ 4 The Namibia International Conference was convened -by the SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION (ST,TA?0) of NAMIBIA in the belief that,- given the urgency of the Nanibian question, there was a vital need for a serious and detailed dis- cussion of the latter on an International level, As f emulated as a result of the Interna- tional Preparatory Conference, which was likewise held in Brus- sels fr'on I^th to I5th February 1972 to discuss the modalities and preparatory stages of the main conference, the aims and ob- jectives of the Namibia International Conference are as follows : To internationalise the case of Nanibia and remind the world of its international obligations as regards the international territory of Namibia; BANK ACCOUNT - COMPTE EN BANOUE - BANKREKENING A MO> JET oc on* 2.- 2. To bring horns to the world, ir.ore especially to the Western World , the nuestion of Namibia as an Inter- national responsibility and renind then of the sup- port this involves to'w-ards the Namibian people; 3* To inform world public opinion of the generally little-known situation prevailing in Namibia; h. To encourage Western European countries to rethink their present relations - political , economic, ni- litary, etc,, - with South Africa as regards the international territory of Namibia; 5. To encourage the world to realise the plight of the li'air.ibian people and recognise the fact that the South west Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) of Namibia is the legitimate spokesman of the struggling and oppressed people of Namibia and that SWAPO is a. force to reckon with.; 6, To gain support - pcliticals moral and financial - for the SWAPO and the struggling people of Namibia; T» To formulate resolutions which will help in finding ways and means of gaining independence and free don , for Namibia; 8, To forward the resolutions of the Namibia Internatio- nal Conference to the 3U2ir.it Meeting of the Organisa- tion of African Unity of Heads of State and Govern- nsnt in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia and to the twenty- seventh session of the United Nations General As sea— • bly for . information and to assist in the discussions concerning the ITanibian ouesticn;> In vie-..r of the urgency of the above, we rest assured of your intention to participate in the Namibia Int.err.at ic.ial Ccnf or ar-ce „ We enclose in the annexures which '-. follow full details not- only of the conference agenda and conception, but also all practic;-.! aspects for the infor- mation of all participants, We vould be nost grateful therefore if, in order to facilitate the arrangements not only for the confe.rer.co secretariat but also for your delegation; you vould return the. attached registra- tion forn to the Secretariat a~o the above address at your earliest possible convenience, Lookin~ forward to hearing fro~ you as s o or: ?. a po s s i b 1 c- , /-- Yours sincerely., <--., ^-> ;/ / • - ..-.-^V": ;./'.''•'' •'''':-• ;"'//' ; • , __. ..--"-^ 7~,r : International Preparatory - ; / '" Secretariat, for the Ifarr.i- ErneSt Gil M ^ E bia International Conference. Dsouts - Bourgmostre > I. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM „ MEMORANDUM 1NTERIEUR TO: The Secretary-General 19 June 1972 A: REFERENCE: THROUGH: SIC. DE: FROM: M. E. Chacko, Officer-in-chafge DE: Department of Political and Security CouncjL' SUBJECT: Report of the Secretary-Genera^under Security Council OBJET: resolution 301 (1971) concerning Namibia Paragraph 16 of Security Council resolution 301 (1971) adopted on 20 October 1971 requested the Secretary-General wto report periodically on the implementation of -the provisions of the present resolution". By a note dated 29 October 1971, the Secretary-General transmitted the text of the resolution to the Governments of all States Members of the United Nations and the Governments of members of the specialized agencies and requested that information be submitted on all relevant measures taken by Governments so as to enable him to report to the Security Council in accordance with paragraph 16 quoted above. In view of the fact that as of 19 June 1972, 20 replies from States have been received, it may be appropriate to issue now the Secretary- General5 s first report under the resolution. It should be recalled in this context that under-resolution 310 (1972), which was adopted by the Security Council later in Addis Ababa, a report is to be submitted by the Secretary- General by 31 July 1972. It would, therefore, seem timely for the report requested under the earlier resolution /i.e. resolution 301 (197I}/ to be issued at this stage. Accordingly, this Department has prepared a draft report (together with an annex containing the replies) which is submitted herewith for the Secretary-General8s approval. 17 June 1972 C.V. Harasimhan 3800 2725 EOSG CYN/sp IHTERIAB GENEVA JEHKS FROM HABASIMIAlf. KEFEEMCE M LETTER 12 J01E. SECGSH HAS HO OH DRAIT R^OLUTION CONCESHUJG MI4IBIA ENCLOSED WITH YOUR ISTTEK OF 50 MY c.c. Mr. G. Hennig Mrs. S» I4ira - C.V. Harasiflgian - Chef de Cabinet 12 Juse 19T2 Dear Mr. Jenks, la the absence of the Seoj^tary-Geseral; I acknowledge on his behalf your letter of JO May trf.th -yhleh you enclose the text: of a draft resolution eoaeersiag Bazaibisu I shall bring this matte? to the stteaticm of the Secret asy-Geaeral iroEaedl ately after his return to his fiesfe oa 1? June. If he has aajr ccsissats, 1 shall have t&@s cabled to yo« b the etad of next •week. Yours siaoerely, C.Y* EfarasiaSiaa Chef de CaMast Jenfes Direetor-Geaeral Interaaticnal Labour Office cc« Mr-. KIttaoi Mr. Qiacko Mr. Heanig Mrs. Mira ^ Foreign Broadcast Information Sei Daily Report - Middle East and Africa - Monday, 20 March 1972 SOUTH AFRICA VORSTER DENIES CONCESSION TO UN OVER NAMIBIA Paris AFP in English 114-1 GMT 19 I.&r 72 C--FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY [Text] Johannasburg, 19 mr (AFP)--Reports from the United Nations that South Africa had made a "major concession by suggesting that a UN official be stationed in Pretoria or Windhoek to help with consultations on South-West Africa (Namibia)" were described as "untrue" and "wild talk" by the prijne minister, Mr John Vorster, today. In an interview with the Afrikaans weekly RAPPORT, Mr Vorster said that if this kind of "wild talk" continued, he would have no alternative but to disclose what had happened between him and the secretary general, Dr Kurt Kaldheim, to put things into perspective. The report, ascribed to a "usually reliable UN source," claimed that it was suggested during talks between Dr Waldheim and Mr Vorster that the secretary-general was-unable to agree to the presence of a UN official in Pretoria because South' Africa was unwilling to agree to specific terms of reference for the official. Mr Vorster said he was not prepared to coranent on statements by a "so-called UN spokesman" on his negotiations with Dr Waldheim. I am only prepared to consent on what Dr Waldheim might have to say himself, the prime minister added. It is absolute nonsense that the presence of a UN official in South West Africa was agreed to. Hr Vorster said he had put South Africa's well-known point of view on South West Africa "very clearly" during the talks. AFRICAN BACKGROUND DIPLOMACY. dictator. At the moment the chances that South Africa can reap political benefits from the visit, are slim. Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan of Lesotho has of late been very active on the dialogue issue - urging pro-dialogue countries to tread carefully to prevent South Africa from South Africa's President Jim Fouchc is on an exploiting dialogue to improve its image inter- official visit to Malawi - the first by a South nationally and to boost the morale of its African head of state to a black African citizens internally. Jonathan is also afraid that country. For South Africa, the visit is a contin- dialogue may split the OAU. uation of its policy of seeking closer links with Despite fierce opposition from OAU mem- the north. Apart from the fact that at the bers and other African states, Kamuzu Banda moment Malawi seems the only certain gateway has maintained his pro-dialogue stance and has for the Whilte South to the successful imple- continued to co-operate with South Africa in mentation of dialogue, (which has had some many fields. In this he has been joined by SENGHOR: Regrouping rivier states setbacks recently), South Africa is also heavily President Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Presi- committed financially to development projects dent Philibert Tsiranana of Malagassy and Senegal precipitated the OERS break-up last in Malawi. Its investments range from a 810,56 President Albert Bongo of Gabon. December at a ministerial meeting in Nouak- million loan for the development of the first chott which was yet again boycotted by Guinea. phase of Lilongwe as Malawi's new capital (at It withdrew from the organisation, protesting independence in July 1964 Zomba was the OERS goes on that Guinea was out to sabotage OERS. capital), to finance and know-how in new Guinea had been engaged in verbal battle railway lines and agricultural projects. against Senegal ever since the abortive invasion South African Premier John Vorster visited of Conakry in November 1970, and accused Malawi in late 1970, and on his return said Senegal, Mauritania and Mali are going ahead Dakar of harbouring exiles who had been co-operation was possible even between coun- with plans to set up a new sub-regional grouping involved in the invasion. President Sekou tries with basic differences - emphasising that to succeed the now defunct OERS (Organisa- Toure never attended OERS summits when such differences need not impair friendly rela- tion of Senegal River States). A meeting of they were held outside Guinea and his brother, tions. President Fouche's get-together with ministers from the three states in Nouakchott Ismael Toure, who is finance minister and also Malawi's President Kamuzu (Saviour) Banda, (Mauritania's capital) on March 10 discussed former chairman of the OERS ministerial also serves as a reminder of the days when a date for a summit between the three heads of council, boycotted one meeting after another. - as a boy - the Kamuzu walked to Johannes- state, President Leopold Senghor, President The Dakar-based Guinean secretary-general of burg from Malawi and worked on a South Moktar Ould Daddah, and President Moussa the organisation, Oumar Balde, was jailed by African gold mine. He revisited South Africa Traore. The three men will establish a new Conakry authorities when he accompanied last August as life president of his country with alliance of Senegal River States - this time Mauritania's Ould Daddah on a visit to Guinea. a reputation in South Africa as a benevolent without Guinea. Ould Daddah was in Guinea as chairman of the OERS heads of state conference at the time. BANDA WITH JOHN VORSTER : A narrow gateway The new three-nation grouping - likely to be called Senegal River States Committee - will continue most of the projects prepared by the OERS, many of which involved dam construc- tion, and irrigation of the Senegal River basin, which is the vital artery linking the three. Re- gional industrial planning will be maintained but projects originally planned for Guinea will be dropped. Although the new association will improve chances of foreign investment (foreign investors have often been frightened off by the perpetual rows between Guinea and its partners), the door has been left open for Guinea to re-join if Sekou Toure decides to change his inind. SENEGAL Senegal's economic planning is now centred around attempts to diversify away from the century-old dependence on groundnuts. For a start, planners have adopted the smallholder farming methods of the Lebou people on the outskirts of Dakar as a nucleus for diversifica- tion. This is also a traditional branch of economic activity, but offers more scope for a wider economic base - the Lebous have for years 42 25 1972 TO THE POINT - SOUTH WEST AFRICA. the past decade. But Owambo is separated from while the other 50 per cent, the Ovambo, prefer the Bushmen and other groups by hundreds of to go it alone. kilometres of semi-desert and the Ovambos The remaining obstacle which the UN faces No Namibians have shown little political interest in the south. in establishing an independent SWA is equally The Namib is one oF the oldest deserts in the Culturally their ties reach into Angola. difficult. Most economists agree that an imme- world. Although it is as big as Czechoslovakia, Even if the Ovambos should fancy the idea of diate withdrawal of the South African ad- it has few human inhabitants and little animal one-man-one-vote for the territory, the other ministration from the territory would be econo- or even insect life. Yet in 1967 the General minority groups have different ideas. The whites mically disastrous. The General Assembly ap- Assembly of the United Nations purported to (100000) constitute 17 per cent of the popu- proved a report by the previous Secretary- take over the administration of "Namibia" and lation, the non-white Damara eight per cent, General U Thant last year, recommending that last month the Security Council dispatched the the Herero seven per cent, the Nama (or a special fund of S3,5 million per annum be UN's new Secretary-General, Dr Kurt Wald- Hottentots) also seven per cent and the Oka- established to prepare the territory's adminis- heim, to South Africa to hold discussions "with vango five per cent. Others include a Coloured tration for independence. However, South all concerned with the right of Namibians to (mixed-race) group, Bushmen, Tswanas, Kao- Africa's budget for the general administration self-determination and independence". kovelders and East Caprivians. All of these and development of South West Africa last year The terms Namibia and Namibians are as groups are not only divided by language, cul- amounted to SI62 million - not much less than bad a misnomer as would Sahara and Saharans ture, religion and development, but by a history the budget figure ($189 million) for the entire be to indicate the divergent peoples and cul- of internecine warfare and even genocide, parti- United Nations and all its specialised agencies tures found in and around the great desert in cularly between the Herero, Namas and Damas. for 1972, and more than the total UN expen- North Africa. The "Namibia" which the United diture (S130 million) for 1970 on development Nations purports to administer refers to the programmes in 80 countries. South Africa's territory of South West Africa (SWA), a five-year development programme for SWA is 824 000 sq km patch of Africa which became set at 8244,8 million. a German colony in 1884, only to be taken over by South African armed forces in 1914 as part No withdrawal of the allied war effort against the Kaiser. The The cost of replacing what South Africa will "Namibians" are the inhabitants of SWA, undoubtedly withdraw from (or deny) a SWA numbering 700 000 but composed of widely whose independence was forced upon it, would divergent ethnic groups. run into hundreds of millions of dollars. For South Africa has administered this part of 50 years SWA has been administered as an Africa for over 50 years as an integral part of integral part of South Africa and therefore its territory - subject to its laws - as provided benefited from its skilled manpower (currently for in a mandate granted by the League of about 5 000 South African administrators, Nations. After the collapse of the League on engineers and technicians work in its key in- the eve of World War Two. South Africa refused dustries and services), research facilities, entre- to put the territory under the trusteeship of preneurial talent and financial resources. Up the newly formed United Nations, thereby set- to March 1970 the South African Railways alone ting in motion a train of events culminating in had spent some $292 million building up rolling the visit by Dr Waldheim to SWA a fortnight stock and equipment for the territory's railways, ago, in an attempt to find a formula to achieve which it runs at a loss (to South Africa) of some self-determination for the "Namibians". But $90 million per year. During the past decade, while the UN talks of one "Namibian" nation SI00 million went into development of water and a government elected on a basis of one-man- WALDHEIM supplies alone, while South African-owned one-vote, with immediate independence for the industries provide jobs to more than 80000 entire country, two major obstacles will have to During Waldheim's visit to South West Africa, non-white workers. be surmounted, quite apart from any move on the Damaras handed him a petition pleading for A sudden South African withdrawal would the part of South Africa, before this objective the territory to be divided into self-governing leave the territory without rail, harbour and can be reached: homelands and administered on a federal basis. postal communications (the only commercial D How to keep the economy going. An inde- Herero chieftains told Waldheim they would harbour along SWA's 2 500 km coastline has pendent SWA without the closest ties with only accept a federal system. "If South West been part of South Africa for 120 years); with- South Africa is economically unviable. Africa is treated as a whole, one group will out electricity (which is generated by coal D A divided population. The population struc- dominate over another," the Rev. B. G. brought in from South Africa by rail); and ture of South West Africa is one that bodes ill Karuaera told Waldheim. Then again, "If an without the expertise, investments and entre- for any conception of a unified state. election were to take place on a central basis, preneurial services which have brought South people would not be elected on merit. Ari West Africa the highest average growth rate in In groups Ovambo would vote for an Ovambo, and a GDP in Africa - more than 28 per cent per year Who would speak for an independent SWA? Herero for a Herero, irrespective of the person's during 1960-1969. South Africa takes 90 per The Bushmen have an historical right but their qualifications." A. J..F. Kloppers, leader of the cent of SWA's principal exports - livestock, nomadic existence and Stone Age ways, as well Federal Coloured People's Party, told the fishing and mining. as their numbers (13 000), make them unlikely Secretary-General. The Ovambos indicated that The demand for the most basic commodity in candidates. On the other extreme, the Ovambo while critical of .many aspects, they by and large arid South West Africa - water - is such that (342 000) constitute 46 per cent of the popula- accept the South African policy to lead them to just to maintain the present rate of socio- tion, are a settled, largely homogeneous Bantu- independence separately. The whites, on the economic growth some $3 billion will have to speaking nation and have had their own legis- other hand, favour a continued close relation- be invested in development of water supplies Jative assembly since 1970, running six govern- ship with South Africa. over the next 25 years. ment departments. Owambo, as their homeland Thus the dilemma which faces statesmen in Severing South West Africa's ties with South is officially designated, also constitutes a re- SWA is that a unitary state with a government Africa would lead to a socio-economic disaster latively educated community (222 schools) and elected on the basis of one-man-one-vote is for which the UN has no cure, and which would has had tens of millions poured into its agricul- opposed by virtually all the minority groups - leave the non-whites particularly in a grim situ- tural and economic development by SA over constituting 50 per cent of the population, - ation, e TO THE POINT 25 March 1972 41 — 13 RE.SQI UIION CONCERNING NAMIBIA, SUBMITTED nv 1 MR. AcnoL'R. WORKERS' DELEGATE, TUNISIA; MR. C-\RLSSON, WORKERS' DELEGATE, SWEDEN; MR. F/\S- SINA, WORKERS' DELEGATE, ITALY; MR. FAUPL, V/ORKLKS' DELEGATE, UNITED STATES; MR. MORRIS, WORKERS' DELEGATE, CANADA; MR. PLANT, WORK- IKS' DMiiOAifT, UNITED KINGDOM; MR. SAVOLA, WORK I US' DELEGATE, FINLAND; Mk. SOLOMOM, Woi'.K- fcRs*. Di-:Li:c;ATn, ETHIOPIA; MR. SUNDE, WORKERS' DELEGATI:, NORWAY; AND MR. VOGNHJEUG, WORKERS' DELEGATE, DENMARK The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation, Considering that the Constitution of the Interna- tional Labour Organisation, in line'with the Declara- tion of Philadelphia, solemnly affirms that "all human beings, irrespective of race, creed or sex, have the right to pursue both their material well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of.economic security and equal opportunity ", Recalling that in pursuance of its objectives outlined 1 . all charges against the Namibian strike leaders are in its Constitution, the International Labour Organisa- ; immediately dropped; that South Africa gives up tion has taken determined action to combat apartheid, its illegal hold over Namibia; and that human adopting in July 1964 the Declaration concerning the and trade union rights are fully established in Policy of Apartheid of the Republic of South Africa that country; and the 1LO Programme for the Elimination of 'b) to invite member States to bring pressure to bear Apartheid in Labour Matters in the Republic of South on those companies investing in Namibia, so that Africa and has since prepared special reports on the the Namibian workers are ensured fair conditions application of the Declaration for annual submission within a system of universally recognised labour- to the General Conference, management relations; and to discourage com- Considering the resolution adopted by the Security panies from investing in Namibia, as such invest- Council at its 1598th meeting on 20 October'1971, ment strengthens the South African regime to the which recognised that the United Nations' had direct detriment of the African majorities in Namibia. responsibility for Namibia following the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 2145 (XXI) and which declared that South Africa's continued illegal presence in Namibia constitutes an internationally wrongful act and a broach of international obligations and that South Africa remains accountable to the international community for any violations of its international obligations or the rights of the people of the Territory of Namibia, Noting that the Security Council at its session in . Addis Ababa on 4 February 1972 adopted a resolution calling on States whose nationals and corporations are operating in Namibia to use all available means to ensure that their nationals and corporations conform in their policies of hiring Namibian workers to the basic provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, • • Conscious of the current plight of the Namibian workers who came out on strike in December 1971 in protest against contract labour and are still on strike because of the South African Government's refusal to open negotiations with the workers' chosen representa- tives, Aware that twelve of the strikers were tried for trade union activities which would have been legitimate in any democratic country; 1. Denounces the inhuman practice of contract labour and a!! other injustices that this entails. 2. Pledges full support to the Namibian workers in their struggle for trade union and human rights. 3. Invites the Governing Body of the International Labour Oflko to request the Director-General— '(a) to-invite member States, in consultation with the employer)' and workers' organisations, lo bring as a matter of urgency all possible pressure to bear on thi: South African Government M> that IXTERNTATION'AL JLABOUR OFFICE BUREAU IXTERXAIIOXAL DU TRAVAIL GEXEVE GENERAU UE DIREC7EUP GEN£??Al_ 30 May 1972. Dear Mr. v7aldheim, A resolution concerning Namibia has .been submitted to the forthcoming session of the International Labour Conference, which opens on 7 June, by an influential group of Workers' delegates, most of them from organisa- tions affiliated to the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and including the United States V/orksrs' delegate, who comes from the A.P. of L./C.l.O. I enclose the test. Thirty-one resolutions have been submitted to the Conference under the general resolutions procedure and only a certain proportion of these, probably not more than a third, will actually be considered by the Conference. It is impossible to gauge in advance whether or not the resolution concerning Namibia will be actively considered as the order of-p-riority in which resolutions are taken is. determined by a rather complicated procedure, but the resolution has been submitted by a group of delegates of great weight and influence. In these circumstances, I think you ought to see it at once. If there is anything in it which in your judgment would either embarrass or facilitate your negotiations, I would be glad to know of your views in confidence so that I can take them into account in any advice which I may be called upon to give privately to delegates. Yours sincerely, V/ilfred Jenks, Director-General. H.E. LIr." Kurt V/aldheim Secretary-General United Nations NEW YORK WORKING PAPER NSW YORK 13 May 1972 A. The task of'the representative of the Secretary- Ger.eral vill be to assist in achieving the air; of gg^r* determination a~d i^dec-e^de^c0 a~d to st"dv all Questions relevant thereto. B. in carrying out his tasl-c, the representative n:ay nak-2 reconnendations to the Secretary-General, and., in consultation vith the latter, to the South African Government. In so doing, he should assist In overecsing any points of difference. C. discharge of the representative '5 task- cv proridinj hia the requisite facilities to ^o to South ATrica ani to ria-T.Lbia =3 nrcessar;.' and to n = et all sections of the ~o~ulation of lianibia. WORK DIG PAPER. CAPETOWN 10 March 1972 1. With regard to the question of- I'7a.?.i~oia, the South African Government confirms that its policy is one of self-determination and independence. 2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations, in consultation vith the South African Government and the other parties concerned, will appoint a personal representative to assist . in achieving this aia.. - 3. The tares of-reference of the personal representative vill he the subject of consultations with the- South African Government and the other.parties concerned. Quarterly Magazine Covering United Nations Activity Against Apartheid, Racial Discrimination and Colonialism M Vol. 4 No. 1 January/February/March 1972 -Special Issue: PETITIONERS •' •• '^¥-s# mm'j v ' y- ,':HT . :i 6& ,-' •--•y.-- - ,••-.' -;• & ^ak : ^v?