A Study of Swadeshi Movement in India
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The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi's Experiments with the Indian
The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi’s Experiments with the Indian Economy, c. 1915-1965 by Leslie Hempson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Farina Mir, Co-Chair Professor Mrinalini Sinha, Co-Chair Associate Professor William Glover Associate Professor Matthew Hull Leslie Hempson [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5195-1605 © Leslie Hempson 2018 DEDICATION To my parents, whose love and support has accompanied me every step of the way ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF ACRONYMS v GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS vi ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL DIVIDE 23 CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS 53 CHAPTER 3: WRITING THE ECONOMY 89 CHAPTER 4: SPINNING EMPLOYMENT 130 CONCLUSION 179 APPENDIX: WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 183 BIBLIOGRAPHY 184 iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 Advertisement for a list of businesses certified by AISA 59 3.1 A set of scales with coins used as weights 117 4.1 The ambar charkha in three-part form 146 4.2 Illustration from a KVIC album showing Mother India cradling the ambar 150 charkha 4.3 Illustration from a KVIC album showing giant hand cradling the ambar charkha 151 4.4 Illustration from a KVIC album showing the ambar charkha on a pedestal with 152 a modified version of the motto of the Indian republic on the front 4.5 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing the charkha to Mohenjo Daro 158 4.6 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing -
Modern History – 10 Years' Papers Analysis
VISION IAS www.visionias.in MODERN HISTORY – 10 YEARS’ PAPERS ANALYSIS Topic No. of Questions Acts 10 Advent of Europeans 3 Congress Sessions/Presidents 5 Capitalist Movement 1 Communalism 1 Economic Critique of Colonialism 4 Gandhian Movements 15 Governor General 2 Land Tenure System during British Rule 5 Left Movement 1 Partition of Bengal & Swadeshi Movement 7 Pre-Congress Associations 2 Princely States 1 Personality Based 5 Socio-Religious Movement 4 Transfer of Power 6 Working Class Movement 3 Revolutionary Movements 1 Tribal Revolts, Civil Rebellions and Peasant Movement 2 Twenty-Eight Months of Congress Rule 2 Miscellaneous 9 Total 89 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS S. N. Year TOPIC SUB-TOPIC QUESTION ANSWER 1 2017 Acts GOI Act, 1919 In the context of Indian history, the principle of ‘Dyarchy (diarchy)’ refers to D (a) Division of the central legislature into two houses. (b) Introductions of double government i.e., Central and Statement governments. (c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi. (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories. 2 2017 Miscellaneous With reference to Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events: C 1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy 2. Quit Indian Movement launched 3. Second Round Table Conference What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events? (a) 1-2-3 (b) 2-1-3 (c) 3-2-1 (d) 3-1-2 3 2017 Princely States The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to D (a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments. -
The Emergence of Nationalism a Nation in the Making
www.selectialindia.com Police teargas demonstrators during the Quit India movement THE EMERGENCE OF NATIONALISM Though the elements of nationalism were known to Indians, yet it practically developed in the British period. There were many reasons for it. The British ruled over India in their self-interest. Gradually Indians realized their motives. They were fed up and were opporessed by alien rule. The British attempts to interfere in religion and social practices such as adoption infuriated the Indians and their anger resulted in the armed revolt of 1857. The British crushed the revolt but they could not crush the spirit of nationalism among Indians. The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s. The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms. In the same year the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. The Act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was found “objectionable”. In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But when white opposition forced the government to withdraw the bill, Indians were enraged. The event highlighted the racial attitudes of the British in India. The need for an all-India organisation of educated Indians had been felt since 1880, but the Ilbert Bill controversy deepened this desire. -
The Powerbroker: Whitney Young’S Fight for Civil Rights
DISCUSSION GUIDE The Powerbroker: Whitney Young’s Fight for Civil Rights PBS.ORG/indePendenTLens/POWERBROKER Table of Contents 1 Using this Guide 2 From the Filmmaker 3 The Film 4 Background Information 5 Biographical Information on Whitney Young 6 The Leaders and Their Organizations 8 From Nonviolence to Black Power 9 How Far Have We Come? 10 Topics and Issues Relevant to The Powerbroker: Whitney Young’s Fight for Civil Rights 10 Thinking More Deeply 11 Suggestions for Action 12 Resources 13 Credits national center for MEDIA ENGAGEMENT Using this Guide Community Cinema is a rare public forum: a space for people to gather who are connected by a love of stories, and a belief in their power to change the world. This discussion guide is designed as a tool to facilitate dialogue, and deepen understanding of the complex issues in the film The Powerbroker: Whitney Young’s Fight for Civil Rights. It is also an invitation to not only sit back and enjoy the show — but to step up and take action. This guide is not meant to be a comprehensive primer on a given topic. Rather, it provides important context, and raises thought provoking questions to encourage viewers to think more deeply. We provide suggestions for areas to explore in panel discussions, in the classroom, in communities, and online. We also provide valuable resources, and connections to organizations on the ground that are fighting to make a difference. For information about the program, visit www.communitycinema.org DISCUSSION GUIDE // THE POWERBROKER 1 From the Filmmaker I wanted to make The Powerbroker: Whitney Young’s Fight for Civil Rights because I felt my uncle, Whitney Young, was an important figure in American history, whose ideas were relevant to his generation, but whose pivotal role was largely misunderstood and forgotten. -
The Futility of Violence I. Gandhi's Critique of Violence for Gandhi, Political
CHAPTER ONE The Futility of Violence I. Gandhi’s Critique of Violence For Gandhi, political life was, in a profound and fundamental sense, closely bound to the problem of violence. At the same time, his understanding and critique of violence was multiform and layered; violence’s sources and consequences were at once ontological, moral and ethical, as well as distinctly political. Gandhi held a metaphysical account of the world – one broadly drawn from Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist philosophy – that accepted himsa or violence to be an ever-present and unavoidable fact of human existence. The world, he noted, was “bound in a chain of destruction;” the basic mechanisms for the reproduction of biological and social life necessarily involved continuous injury to living matter. But modern civilization – its economic and political institutions as well as the habits it promoted and legitimated – posed the problem of violence in new and insistent terms. Gandhi famously declared the modern state to represent “violence in a concentrated and organized form;” it was a “soulless machine” that – like industrial capitalism – was premised upon and generated coercive forms of centralization and hierarchy.1 These institutions enforced obedience through the threat of violence, they forced people to labor unequally, they oriented desires towards competitive material pursuits. In his view, civilization was rendering persons increasingly weak, passive, and servile; in impinging upon moral personality, modern life degraded and deformed it. This was the structural violence of modernity, a violence that threatened bodily integrity but also human dignity, individuality, and autonomy. In this respect, Gandhi’s deepest ethical objection to violence was closely tied to a worldview that took violence to inhere in modern modes of politics and modern ways of living. -
SHERMAN KENT at YALE 62 the Making of an Intelligence Analyst Antonia Woodford
THE YALE HISTORICAL REVIEW AN UNDERGRADUATE PUBLICATION SPRING 2014 THE YALE HISTORICAL REVIEW AN UNDERGRADUATE PUBLICATION The Yale Historical Review provides undergraduates an opportunity to have their exceptional work highlighted and SPRING 2014 encourages the diffusion of original historical ideas on campus by VOLUME III providing a forum for outstanding undergraduate history papers ISSUE II covering any historical topic. The Yale Historical Review Editorial Board For past issues and information regarding gratefully acknowledges the support of the submissions, advertisements, subscriptions, following donors: contributions, and our Editorial Board, please visit our website: FOUNDING PATRONS Matthew and Laura Dominski WWW.YALE.EDU/ In Memory of David J. Magoon YALEHISTORICALREVIEW Sareet Majumdar Brenda and David Oestreich Stauer Or visit our Facebook page: Derek Wang Yale Club of the Treasure Coast WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/ Zixiang Zhao YALEHISTORICALREVIEW FOUNDING CONTRIBUTORS With further questions or to provide Council on Latin American and Iberian feedback, please e-mail us at: Studies at Yale Department of History, Yale University [email protected] Peter Dominksi J.S. Renkert Joe and Marlene Toot Or write to us at: Yale Center for British Art Yale Club of Hartford THE YALE HISTORICAL REVIEW Yale Council on Middle East Studies P.O. BOX #204762 NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 CONTRIBUTORS Annie Yi The Yale Historical Review is published by Greg Weiss Yale students. Yale University is not Department of the History of Art, Yale responsible for its contents. University ON THE COVER: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Special Publication No. 7: Atlas of the Philippine Islands (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900), Biodiversity Heritage Li- brary, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106585#page/43/mode/1up. -
Nationalism in India
Chap 1.2 : Nationalism in India www.cbse.online CBSE BOARD Objective Questions Exam 2019-2020 CLASS : 10th SUB : Social Science Unit 4 : India and Contemporaray World - II CCHAPTERHAPTER 11.2.2 For 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question Bank visit www.cbse.online or whatsapp at 8905629969 Nationalism in India 1. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Ans : (d) Customs 9. From which year, the National Movement spread 1. The Round Table Conferenc which was boycotted by to new areas incorporating new social groups and the Congress. developing new modes of struggle? (a) Second (b) First (a) 1914 (b) 1916 (c) Third (d) None of the above (c) 1919 (d) 1918 Ans : (b) First Ans : (c) 1919 2. Federation of Indian Commerce and Industries was 10. What created a new economic and political situation formed by: in India during 1913-1918? (a) British traders (b) Indian farmers (a) War (b) Femine (c) Indian merchants (d) None of the above (c) Peace (d) Flood Ans : (c) Indian merchants Ans : (a) War 3. Who was the President of Muslim League in 1930? 11. When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India? (a) Sir Muhammad Iqbal (a) January 1912 (b) January 1914 (b) Shaukat Ali (c) January 1913 (d) January 1915 (c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah Ans : (d) January 1915 (d) Maulana Azad 12. When was the Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement Ans : (a) Sir Muhammad Iqbal begin in India? (a) January 1919 (b) January 1921 4. During the British India, how many provinces were there? (c) February 1920 (d) February 1922 (a) Six (b) Eight Ans : (b) January 1921 (c) Seven (d) Nine 13. -
D:\Journals & Copyright\Global\
Journal Global Values, Vol. IX, No. 1, 2018, ISSN: (P) 0976-9447, (e) 2454-8391 Impact Factor 6.482 (SJIF) UGC Approved Journal No. 63651 Bipin Chandra Pal in The light of New Hindu Movement of Bengal Saumya Bose Asstt. Prof., Deptt. of History, Sri Ramkrishna Sarada Vidya Mahapitha, Kamarpukur, Hooghly, Weest Bengal Absctract British dominion was first established in Bengal. Calcutta Reference to this paper was the heartland of British commercial activities and the first capital of British India. Naturally Western education first introduced in Bengal. should be made as This rationalism, which was the fruit of English education, yielded follows: revolutionary ideas in social and religious sphere and it gradually affected the political consciousness of the educated Bengalis. During the first half of the nineteenth century educated groups of India Saumya Bose particularly in the cities of Bengal started imitating the West. This became a yardstick of ‘modernity, progressiveness and greatness’ to them. But Bipin Chandra Pal in during the second half of the nineteenth century situation began to change. A section among the educated Bengali Bhadralok began to be The light of New disillusioned with the Liberal politics of the Congress and the British Hindu Movement of Constitutional system. As a result a critique against these dual systems Bengal, began to be developed by them. They made their basis the traditional Hinduism and gave it a new shape. Bipin Chandra Pal (1858-1932), an extremist leader of Bengal, lived in the same milieu when these Journal Global Values, changes were taking place. Now the questions come before us are – How Vol. -
Tilak and Swadeshi Movement
: goes the "Credit of nationalism and sovereignity of~ approach to what people of India in its true sense.. Tilak and Swadeshi : an established .ed Swarajya to References lent through the I. Samagra Tilak, Vol 3,Kesari Movement Ii and placed polit Publications, , 1976 . forefront rather 2. Samagra Tilak Vol 8, Kesari )cial issues. He Publications, , 1976. Dr. Nalini AvinashWaghmare he interdependnce 3. Ranade M. G., 'Indian Potitia[ Assistant Professor Department of History varajya. One with Economy' in Bipan Chandra, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune Is is Ranades Economic Writings~ Mobile no~9975833748 llso comes out 1994. Email: [email protected] f entrepreneurship 4. Joshi, D. G, Speeches and w.- - . sometimes pitiful of G. V. Joshi, Pune 1912. ----rtarousedii-sense of natiomil pride om the govern- "Swarajya is my birth right and I and also enabled businessmen to start shall have it" that was the voice, the manufacturing and supplying India spirit and the dictum of Lokamanya made goods and generated new busi Bal Gangadhar Tilak, maker of nesses, employment, made goods y be said that the Modern India. Swadeshi initially available at reasonable prices and fos a cogent and prag began as a primary economic counter tered the spirit of self-reliance. ndias economic part to the programme of economic Boycott and Swadeshi were in fact the organic con boycott. Swadeshi meant self-help, to two sides of the same coin, which adeshi and swara rely upon Indian made goods rather together were very effective. ·ought home the 1han British goods. The movement sm into the minds quickly became popular in Bengal Relevance of Swadeshi ling public. -
Inspired by Gandhi and the Power of Nonviolence: African American
Inspired by Gandhi and the Power of Nonviolence: African American Gandhians Sue Bailey and Howard Thurman Howard Thurman (1899–1981) was a prominent theologian and civil rights leader who served as a spiritual mentor to Martin Luther King, Jr. Sue Bailey Thurman, (1903–1996) was an American author, lecturer, historian and civil rights activist. In 1934, Howard and Sue Thurman, were invited to join the Christian Pilgrimage of Friendship to India, where they met with Mahatma Gandhi. When Thurman asked Gandhi what message he should take back to the United States, Gandhi said he regretted not having made nonviolence more visible worldwide and famously remarked, "It may be through the Negroes that the unadulterated message of nonviolence will be delivered to the world." In 1944, Thurman left his tenured position at Howard to help the Fellowship of Reconciliation establish the Church for the Fellowship of All Peoples in San Francisco. He initially served as co-pastor with a white minister, Dr. Alfred Fisk. Many of those in congregation were African Americans who had migrated to San Francisco for jobs in the defense industry. This was the first major interracial, interdenominational church in the United States. “It is to love people when they are your enemy, to forgive people when they seek to destroy your life… This gives Mahatma Gandhi a place along side all of the great redeemers of the human race. There is a striking similarity between him and Jesus….” Howard Thurman Source: Howard Thurman; Thurman Papers, Volume 3; “Eulogy for Mahatma Gandhi:” February 1, 1948; pp. 260 Benjamin Mays (1894–1984) -was a Baptist minister, civil rights leader, and a distinguished Atlanta educator, who served as president of Morehouse College from 1940 to 1967. -
Viceroy of India 1899 – 1931
Viceroysof India 1899-1931 ADMINISTRATION Announced Partition of Bengal Province, the nerve centre of Indian Nationalism into two parts - Bengal and East Bengal (1905) Established Archaeological Survey of India to restore India's cultural heritage, Department of Commerce and Industry, Agricultural banks LORD CURZON Passed the Cooperative Credit Societies Act 1904 (1899-1905) POLICE Appointment of Police Commission (1902) under Sir Andrew Frazer to review Police Administration, recommended the establishment of CID Education Appointment of Raleigh Commission Emphasis on Technical Education, (1902) to suggest improvement into established Agriculture Research the prospects of Universities and Institute at Pusa passing of Indian Universities Act (1904) ADMINISTRATION His period is witnessed as “Era of Great Political Unrest” in India Partition of Bengal was formally enforced on October 16, 1905, the day was observed as a Day of National Mourning throughout Bengal Morley-Minto Reforms 1909, popular for its 'Divide LORD MINTO II & Rule Policy' provided for Separate Electorate to (1905-1910) Muslims National Movement Anti-Partition & Swadeshi Movement to prevent unjust partition of Bengal through Boycott of Foreign Goods Foundation of Muslim League (1906) to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. It will cause the partition of British India in 1947 and demand for a Separate Muslim Nation Split in Congress at Surat Session of Congress in 1907 due to the Ideological differences between Moderate-Extremist Major Events Annulment of Partition of Bengal -
1942 – Before and After Some Reminiscences
1942 – Before and After Some Reminiscences Chandrahas Shah Prelude I was nearly ten years old when I was exposed for the first time to the national movement. It was known as congress movement then. Congress was also known locally as Mahasabha. Hindu Mahasabha was either not born or not widely known. It was the year of 1930.Iwas a member of children’s wing of the movement. The wing was known as Vanar Sena. We used to wonder why this name. We now know just as Ram’s army consisted of monkeys we the little monkeys made a part of the army of Gandhi who like Ram lived the values Ram espoused. Even now I do not know how to fly a kite. As a part of the program of the national movement we undertook the program of Boycott of British Goods in particular and foreign goods in general. We used to go from house to house to collect the clothes to be discarded and used for making bon-fire of all foreign goods. Textiles were the main items but kites too were not spared, especially the string used to fly the kite. We used to do picketing through out the wintry nights to see no one buys and brings the string and kites from any corner of our area. Our area was then Mandvi Street. In the larger program of boycott we used to go to shops for picketing in Panch kuva mahajan area... The spirit of the people was preserved fully by the organization wing. No one pinched any item from the collection.