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In a Highly Competitive Global Market Such As Fusco 9/13/05 10:51 AM Page 34 Vineyard Management Precision Vineyard Management from Space – From Bacchus to Eneide Simonetta Cheli & Luigi Fusco ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy Stefano Sandrelli Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milan, Italy n a highly competitive global market such as the wine business, consistent quality is a must, especially if Europe wants to maintain its position as world leader. It currently accounts for I55% of the world’s vine-growing areas, 60% of wine production and 70% of exports. In this very special sector of agriculture, technology and science play fundamental roles in all phases of activity, from the start of the vine-growing season, through the ripening of the grapes, to the bottling of the wine. The quality of the wine produced depends on many parameters, including the soil characteristics in the area, the weather and growth conditions during the season, the ability to monitor and control vine diseases, the degree of maturity of the grapes at harvest time, their grade, colour, organic acids, etc. during fermentation and, finally, the wine production techniques employed. In general, however, European vineyard managers still have little access to technical means or reliable systems to guide them in their decision-making. Precision Farming in the Frascati area Space technologies, particularly those associated with Earth Observation (EO), can help the wine-growing community in a number of technical areas. One of several initiatives promoting the use of EO in the wine sector has been ‘Bacchus’, a Research and ESA/ESRIN lies in the middle of the Frascati DOC wine-growing Technological Development project started in 2003 (to be completed in 2005), funded by region, southeast of Rome. The right-hand image is an ERS multi- the European Community through its Fifth Framework Programme. The project is led by temporal satellite image of the Rome and Castelli Romani region. The second image is from an INTA aircraft multi-special-imaging a consortium representing SMEs, institutes, public agencies and regulatory organisations overflight of the Frascati vineyard area (ESRIN entrance and from the main wine-producing regions of Spain, Italy, France and Portugal (see surrounding vineyards) conducted in 2004, with 50 cm resolution http://www.bacchus-project.com). esa bulletin 123 - august 2005 35 Fusco 9/13/05 10:51 AM Page 34 Vineyard Management Precision Vineyard Management from Space – From Bacchus to Eneide Simonetta Cheli & Luigi Fusco ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy Stefano Sandrelli Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milan, Italy n a highly competitive global market such as the wine business, consistent quality is a must, especially if Europe wants to maintain its position as world leader. It currently accounts for I55% of the world’s vine-growing areas, 60% of wine production and 70% of exports. In this very special sector of agriculture, technology and science play fundamental roles in all phases of activity, from the start of the vine-growing season, through the ripening of the grapes, to the bottling of the wine. The quality of the wine produced depends on many parameters, including the soil characteristics in the area, the weather and growth conditions during the season, the ability to monitor and control vine diseases, the degree of maturity of the grapes at harvest time, their grade, colour, organic acids, etc. during fermentation and, finally, the wine production techniques employed. In general, however, European vineyard managers still have little access to technical means or reliable systems to guide them in their decision-making. Precision Farming in the Frascati area Space technologies, particularly those associated with Earth Observation (EO), can help the wine-growing community in a number of technical areas. One of several initiatives promoting the use of EO in the wine sector has been ‘Bacchus’, a Research and ESA/ESRIN lies in the middle of the Frascati DOC wine-growing Technological Development project started in 2003 (to be completed in 2005), funded by region, southeast of Rome. The right-hand image is an ERS multi- the European Community through its Fifth Framework Programme. The project is led by temporal satellite image of the Rome and Castelli Romani region. The second image is from an INTA aircraft multi-special-imaging a consortium representing SMEs, institutes, public agencies and regulatory organisations overflight of the Frascati vineyard area (ESRIN entrance and from the main wine-producing regions of Spain, Italy, France and Portugal (see surrounding vineyards) conducted in 2004, with 50 cm resolution http://www.bacchus-project.com). esa bulletin 123 - august 2005 35 Fusco 9/13/05 10:51 AM Page 36 Earth Observation Vineyard Management Assessment of the urban pressure exerted by Rome’s growth on the Frascati DOC area: red = anthropic areas, green = potential Urban in ‘86: 14.59% in ‘96: 15.70% delta: +1.11% vineyard area, as classified using a Landsat-4 TM dataset in 1986 Vineyard in ‘86: 38.00% in ‘96: 35.45% delta: -2.55% Other: in ‘86: 47.40% in ‘96: 48.85% delta: +1.45% Bacchus’s goal has been to demonstrate This space-based assessment is in line to regional vineyard regulatory bodies, with the changes defined in the land vine quality-control bodies and wine register for the Frascati DOC production. a producers how a comprehensive space- The friendly spirit of cooperation based solution can meet their information between ESA/ESRIN, the local scientific needs. Such a solution relies on the institutions (in particular the University of integration of very-high-resolution Tor Vergata and the Consiglio Nazionale remote-sensing data gathered from space della Ricerca, Istituto Scienze Atmosfera e with other more traditional information Clima) and the local authorities (in available, for instance, in Geographical particular the Municipality of Frascati), all Information Systems (GISs). This Bacchus of whom have an interest in understanding project environment has been used as a and monitoring the evolution of the reference infrastructure for: environment in this part of the world, has – defining new data-handling methods for allowed a unique multidisciplinary know- improving current methodologies for ledge base concerning farming in the vine area location, land parcel Frascati area to be established. Integration identification, and vineyard inventory of this knowledge into the enlarged Bacchus Examples of the geo-/bio-morphological and making project partnership has led to the generation climatological information handled by the Frascati DOC Land Information Management – generating new land-management of very high-quality land-management System developed within the Bacchus project reference maps and experimenting with information systems specifically tailored (courtesy of F. Comandini, CTDF and B. Rapi, b dedicated models for vineyard for the Frascati DOC area. CNR-IBIMET) management. (a) Pedological map, integrating land use, Results for the Frascati Test Site terrain properties and geo-climate parameters Test sites in the participating countries The Bacchus project has taken have been selected for the trialing of pilot advantage of recent progress in EO and (b) Wine-growing suitability map for the Frascati system(s) and for demonstrating the ICT technologies, including: region integrating various geo-morphological potential of this integrated approach to Urbanizzato º Centro Paese – The availability of very-high-resolution data and local climate information several interested parties in the wine Vigneto = Strada Principale imagery from space: IKONOS (since (c) Estimate of 2004 grape production per vine business. In particular, the Frascati DOC Altro 2000) and QuickBird (since 2002) have in the Frascati DOC region for the area covered been providing data with 80 cm and 60 by the INTA overflight cm resolution, respectively. European (Denomination of Controlled Origin) wine resolution EO missions. It has therefore missions with similar capabilities, also region was been selected as one of the two accumulated a large archive of EO data at radar frequencies, will soon become Italian Bacchus test sites. and related information on the Frascati available (e.g. Pleiades and Cosmo ESA’s ESRIN establishment happens to area, mainly to verify the quality of the Skymed) and be able to support wine lie right in the middlle of this important ESRIN-generated EO products. Such data management applications. c wine region southeast of Rome, which is include a high-quality digital elevation – Good progress in web technology, partially in the volcanic Castelli Romani model, for documenting the changes in especially for the handling of mapping area. Since the start of the Earthnet local land use and environmental services as part of the Open GIS Programme at the end of the 1970s, the parameters over time. By using historical consortium standardisation effort and Earth Observation team at ESRIN has had Landsat Thematic Mapper datasets, for the European INSPIRE initiative: the routine access to imagery from Landsat, example, it was possible in 1996 to assess availability of web-GIS technology will ERS, Envisat and several other high- the urban pressure of the city of Rome on make the dedicated geomatic services the Frascati DOC area over the previous 10 accessible via the Internet. years. – Wireless communication: Significant Composite of IRS (5 m resolution) and Quick Bird (0.61 m panchromatic, 2.4 m multi-spectal) satellite imagery covering the Comparison with the classification progress has been made
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