A Strategy for Identifying the Necessary Elements of a Worship Studies Program
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Guillermin Library Uberty University Lynchburg, VA 24502 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY A STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING THE NECESSARY ELEMENTS OF A WORSHIP STUDIES PROGRAM REFERENCE CIRCU A Thesis Project Submitted to Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF MINISTRY By Don Wesley Tuttle Lynchburg, Virginia May 1999 Copyright 1999 Don Wesley Tuttle All Rights Reserved LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY THESIS PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET GRADE____________________ _ MENTOR~ __________________ READER~ __________________ ABSTRACT A STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING THE NECESSARY ELEMENTS OF A WORSHIP STUDIES PROGRAM Don Wesley Tuttle Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, 1999 Mentor: Dr. Ron Giese A review of current literahlre indicates that little has been written with respect to the development of a systematic program of study for those desiring to lead worship in the contemporary church. The purpose of this project is to identify the necessary elements of a worship studies program geared toward ministry in the contemporary church. Incorporating Biblical research, field studies, and surveys, the project reviews Biblical principles as well as personal perspectives on worship from individuals in the United States and other parts of the world. Based on this information, recommendations are made regarding principles of worship for the contemporary church. In addition, learning outcome goals for a worship studies program are suggested. Abstract length: 113 words. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sincere gratitude is extended to Dr. Ron Giese, Associate Dean of Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, and Dr. Rob Jackson, Vice-President for Spiritual Life at Liberty University. Their valuable insights and direction as well as their personal friendships are greatly appreciated. I also wish to acknowledge with gratitude Steve Foster, Laura Brown, Alyssa Sayer Adkins, Noelle Tafaoa, and Steve Kipchumba Muttai for their assistance in the completion of this project. Special recognition and appreciation is given to Michael Coleman, President of Integrity Incorporated, for his vision of helping people worldwide experience the manifest presence of God, and for his encouragement through the course of this project. Much love and gratitude to my parents, Don and Parmalee Tuttle, and my wife's parents, Rev. J.B. and Virginia Cox, for modeling for us what it means to worship God in spirit and truth. Finally, I also wish to express my deepest love and affection for my wife, Bemee, and son, Joseph, without whose love, patience, support, and assistance the project could never have been completed. Wes Tuttle May 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 1 Statement ofthe Problem 3 Definition of Tenns 9 Statement of Limitations 11 2. THE BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS OF WORSHIP 13 Words Related to Worship in the English Text 17 Old Testament Vocabulary and Related Concepts 29 New Testament Vocabulary and Related Concepts 34 The Tabernacle as a Model for Worship 39 Worship in the Lives of Key Biblical Characters 44 Summary of the Biblical Foundations of Worship 54 3. CULTURAL ISSUES IN TRAINING WORSHIP LEADERS 56 Worship and Culture 63 India 70 The Caribbean. 75 Honduras 79 United Kingdom 83 4. RESEARCH METHOD, PROCEDURES, TREATMENT OF DATA AND RESULTS 93 Research Design and Procedures 93 Survey Instrument 95 Treatment of Data 95 Results of the Study 99 5. SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSION 123 Principles of Worship for the Contemporary Church. 124 Recommended Learning Outcomes . 127 Recommendations for Further Study . 131 Conclusion 132 Appendix A. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 135 B. SURVEYINSTRUMENT 159 C. COMPARISON OF ALUMNI AND CLASSROOM SURVEYS 161 REFERENCES 162 VITA. 167 Chapter 1 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Jesus said that when believers come to worship Him, they must worship Him in spirit and truth: "the hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for such the Father seeks to worship him. God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth" (John 4: 23-25, RSV). Over the centuries since He made that statement there have been numerous expressions of worship, and there still are today. The question arises, however, as to whether or not all that is called worship is actually can"ied out in spirit and truth. Too often it appears that when people come together to participate in what is called worship, God the Father is the "unacknowledged host" of the meeting. In recent years there has come to be a movement called worship renewal in many evangelical churches. This movement has been born out of a desire for people to experience what true worship is. According to Sally Morganthaler, "We are in the midst of a worship reformation, a movement that continues to address the issue of worship form (relevance) but stretches way beyond for the core of worship itself-biblical substance."! Apparently there are a great number of people who feel that there is more to lmow and experience in worship than they have known and experienced. 1 Sally Morganthaler, Worship Evangelism (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1995), p. 282. Worship has been called "the missing jewel" in evangelical churches.2 However, week after week there are gatherings which are called "worship services." Could it be that in a significant number of churches what is called "worship" is really nothing more than "going through the motions?" There is a great need for understanding with respect to what it means to worship God, however, there is very little opportunity in an academic setting for specialized training in leading worship as is expressed in the worship renewal model. 3 Therefore, very few candidates are available for the great number of positions open for worship leaders in local churches. For example, the manager ofthe church placement office at the Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary in Lynchburg, Virginia reports that among the active requests for placements there are currently 83 requests for worship leaders/ministers of music qualified to lead worship. Yet the placement office has only 4 potential candidates to offer to these churches (April 1999). There are a number of ministers of music who have gone through traditional fine arts music programs and are presently in local church positions. Many of these have a level of comfort in conducting traditional choir programs and producing huge pageants (e.g. Living Christmas Tree), but do not feel comfortable leading the congregation in worship. The skills necessary to do this were not included in their music program curricula. In other words, while they feel confident in their abilities to direct a choir from a technical 2A.W. Tozer, Worship: The Missing Jewel (Camp Hill, Pa.: Christian Publications, Inc., 1992), p. 1. 3 The worship renewal model is defmed and discussed on pages 8 and 9. 2 standpoint, they feel unqualified to lead the congregation into an intimate experience in the presence of God. This topic is likely never addressed even in Christian college/seminary fine arts music programs, much less a secular fine arts music programs. Others are serving in churches with a more traditional worship style whose leadership would like to move toward a more contemporary or blended worship style, but no one knows how to get the church from where they are to where they want to be. This is not a point of focus in most seminaries. Robert Webber states, "Seminary education does not equip a pastor for leading worship.,,4 Statement of the Problem The purpose of this thesis is to provide a strategy for the development of a five-course concentration in worship studies with an emphasis on the worship renewal model. To this point there have been three primary ways that people have received training in how to lead worship. The most well known source of training has been that which has been offered by conferences, workshops, and seminars by such organizations as Integrity Incorporated, Maranatha! Music, and Vineyard Ministries. These opportunities have provided for many people an introduction to worship renewal and have served churches well by offering affordable and convenient remedial worship training experiences. A typical conference will last for one or two days and will address a number of practical topics such as music rehearsal techniques, leading the worship team, the use of midi instruments in worship, sound reinforcement, drama, etc. A few sessions may also 4 Robert Webber, Signs of Wonder: The Phenomenon of Convergence in Modem Liturgical and Charismatic Churches (Nashville: Abbott Martyn, 1992), p. 25. 3 be devoted to more inspirational topics related to what it means to praise and worship God. Topics in this area may include worshipping in spirit and in truth, the heart of a worshipper, and praise in spiritual warfare. A number of the seminar instructors also make their lessons available through audiocassette, videocassette, books, and magazine articles in such pUblications as Worship Leader and Psalmist. Thus, there are some who have never even been to a seminar and have simply learned all they could on their own utilizing these resources. Some of the benefits of the seminar/workshop approach include the opportunity to fellowship and network with other worship leaders and ministers of music. There is also the inspirational benefit of being encouraged by the experience. Further, attendees can gain infonnation on available resources. Companies that produce worship resources sponsor many of the seminars. However, the greatest weakness of the seminar/workshop approach is that it is typically too short and too shallow to significantly impact the attendees. Due to the number of topics offered in a short span, it is unlikely that any topic is fully developed. Further, in many cases the seminars offer several sessions happening simultaneously on different topics making it impossible for the attendees to get the full benefit of all that is offered. It is difficult at best to internalize all that is covered in what is often such a brief and unsystematic approach to worship leadership training.