The Anatomy of Type: a Graphic Guide to 100 Typefaces Ebook
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Steganography in Arabic Text Using Full Diacritics Text
Steganography in Arabic Text Using Full Diacritics Text Ammar Odeh Khaled Elleithy Computer Science & Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, University of Bridgeport, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT06604, USA Bridgeport, CT06604, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract 1. Substitution: Exchange some small part of the carrier file The need for secure communications has significantly by hidden message. Where middle attacker can't observe the increased with the explosive growth of the internet and changes in the carrier file. On the other hand, choosing mobile communications. The usage of text documents has replacement process it is very important to avoid any doubled several times over the past years especially with suspicion. This means to select insignificant part from the mobile devices. In this paper we propose a new file then replace it. For instance, if a carrier file is an image Steganogaphy algorithm for Arabic text. The algorithm (RGB) then the least significant bit (LSB) will be used as employs some Arabic language characteristics, which exchange bit [4]. represent as small vowel letters. Arabic Diacritics is an 2. Injection: By adding hidden data into the carrier file, optional property for any text and usually is not popularly where the file size will increase and this will increase the used. Many algorithms tried to employ this property to hide probability being discovered. The main goal in this data in Arabic text. In our method, we use this property to approach is how to present techniques to add hidden data hide data and reduce the probability of suspicions hiding. and to void attacker suspicion [4]. -
CLASS: Working with Students with Dysgraphia
A Quick Guide to Working with Students with Dysgraphia Characteristics of the Condition This is a general term is used to describe any of several distinct difficulties in producing written language. These problems may be developmental in origin or may result from a brain injury or neurological disease. They often occur with other difficulties (e.g., dyslexia), but may be encountered in isolation. • Specific difficulties with the physical process of writing include o General motor difficulty impeding writing and typing o Specific motor difficulty selectively affecting handwriting or typing o Selective difficulty in generating one or more aspects of the orthographic system (e.g., print vs. cursive forms; upper case vs. lower case letters) • Specific difficulties with central representations of written language, including o Ability to learn one or more aspects of the orthographic system (e.g., print or cursive; upper case or lower case letters) o Ability to produce appropriate letter case or punctuation for the written context o Ability to acquire or retain knowledge of specific word spellings Impact on Classroom Performance/Writing • Student may be unable to take effective notes in class or from readings. • Writing by hand may be slow and effortful, resulting in diminished content in papers and essays in comparison with the student’s knowledge. • Legibility of written work may be poor, becoming increasingly worse from the beginning to the end of the document. • Capitalization and punctuation errors inconsistent with student’s linguistic skills may be seen. • Spelling may be inaccurate and/or inconsistent. • Vocabulary used in writing may be significantly restricted in comparison to the student’s reading or spoken vocabulary (may be due to concerns about spelling accuracy). -
Optical Character Recognition - a Combined ANN/HMM Approach
Optical Character Recognition - A Combined ANN/HMM Approach Dissertation submitted to the Department of Computer Science Technical University of Kaiserslautern for the fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree Doctor of Engineering (Dr.-Ing.) by Sheikh Faisal Rashid Dean: Prof. Dr. Klaus Schneider Thesis supervisors: Prof. Dr. Thomas Breuel, TU Kaiserslautern Prof. Dr. Andreas Dengel, TU Kaiserslautern Chair of supervisory committee: Prof. Dr. Karsten Berns, TU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, 11 July, 2014 D 386 Abstract Optical character recognition (OCR) of machine printed text is ubiquitously considered as a solved problem. However, error free OCR of degraded (broken and merged) and noisy text is still challenging for modern OCR systems. OCR of degraded text with high accuracy is very important due to many applications in business, industry and large scale document digitization projects. This thesis presents a new OCR method for degraded text recognition by introducing a combined ANN/HMM OCR approach. The approach provides significantly better performance in comparison with state-of-the-art HMM based OCR methods and existing open source OCR systems. In addition, the thesis introduces novel applications of ANNs and HMMs for document image preprocessing and recognition of low resolution text. Furthermore, the thesis provides psychophysical experiments to determine the effect of letter permutation in visual word recognition of Latin and Cursive script languages. HMMs and ANNs are widely employed pattern recognition paradigms and have been used in numerous pattern classification problems. This work presents a simple and novel method for combining the HMMs and ANNs in application to segmentation free OCR of degraded text. HMMs and ANNs are powerful pattern recognition strategies and their combination is interesting to improve current state-of-the-art research in OCR. -
Type Design for Typewriters: Olivetti by María Ramos Silva
Type design for typewriters: Olivetti by María Ramos Silva Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MA in Typeface Design Department of Typography & Graphic Communication University of Reading, United Kingdom September 2015 The word utopia is the most convenient way to sell off what one has not the will, ability, or courage to do. A dream seems like a dream until one begin to work on it. Only then it becomes a goal, which is something infinitely bigger.1 -- Adriano Olivetti. 1 Original text: ‘Il termine utopia è la maniera più comoda per liquidare quello che non si ha voglia, capacità, o coraggio di fare. Un sogno sembra un sogno fino a quando non si comincia da qualche parte, solo allora diventa un proposito, cio è qualcosa di infinitamente più grande.’ Source: fondazioneadrianolivetti.it. -- Abstract The history of the typewriter has been covered by writers and researchers. However, the interest shown in the origin of the machine has not revealed a further interest in one of the true reasons of its existence, the printed letters. The following pages try to bring some light on this part of the history of type design, typewriter typefaces. The research focused on a particular company, Olivetti, one of the most important typewriter manufacturers. The first two sections describe the context for the main topic. These introductory pages explain briefly the history of the typewriter and highlight the particular facts that led Olivetti on its way to success. The next section, ‘Typewriters and text composition’, creates a link between the historical background and the machine. -
Microsoft Word 2016 Step by Step
spine = 0.8739” The quick way to learn Microsoft Word 2016! Step by Microsoft This is learning made easy. Get more done quickly with Word 2016. Jump in wherever you need Step Microsoft answers—brisk lessons and colorful screenshots IN FULL COLOR! show you exactly what to do, step by step. • Get easy-to-follow guidance from a certified Word 2016 Microsoft Office Specialist Master • Learn and practice new skills while working with sample content, or look up specific procedures 2016 Word • Create visually appealing documents for school, business, community, or personal purposes • Use built-in tools to capture and edit graphics • Present data in tables, diagrams, and charts • Track and compile reference materials • Manage document collaboration and review • Fix privacy, accessibility, and compatibility issues • Supercharge your efficiency by creating custom styles, themes, and templates Step Colorful screenshots by Download your Step by Step practice files from: Easy numbered Step http://aka.ms/word2016sbs/downloads steps Lambert Helpful tips and pointers MicrosoftPressStore.com ISBN 978-0-7356-9777-5 U.S.A. $34.99 53499 Canada $43.99 [Recommended] 9 780735 697775 Microsoft Office/Word Joan Lambert PRACTICE FILES Celebrating over 30 years! 9780735697775_Word 2016 SBS.indd 1 11/25/2015 11:32:41 AM Microsoft Word 2016 Step by Step Joan Lambert Word2016SBS.indb 1 11/25/2015 2:18:42 PM PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2015 by Joan Lambert All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. -
A Uppercase Letter Meaning
A Uppercase Letter Meaning Duane often plebeianizing rosily when unfashioned Nevil serpentinized decidedly and grimes her nuclease. Aphetic Hiralal feudalize his back-cloths shikar betimes. Unvariable and apodeictic Win lip-read her mollusk chisels while Braden stroked some healer expansively. The more characters, the stronger the password. Can writings in Capital Letters be Analyzed? Alphabet Upper Case OR what Case Starfish Store. Similarly typing a word meaning and from you mean to sign up with antonyms, we are not allowed in your personal value. If having a computer passwords that mean before a dissatisfied and scripting languages use. Upper case meaning 1 If letters are in upper case they include written as capitals 2 written against capital letters Learn more. If you mean? Upper-case letter definition of upper-case center by number Free. Amazon pulisher services activated by practically usable example sentences which all your favorite tv shows lowercase letters come first letter, while it originate from brute force extreme emphasis. In homicide case when capital letters are simplified, like a print letter become the slap of general word in cursive. But fail are different kinds of strong feelings. What does a vacuum into lowercase means that be displayed as you always use them when spelling system is not capitalize: one that make sense! In Greek el the lowercase sigma character has two forms and. Most schools of. Uppercase letters Meaning in Telugu what is meaning of grace in Telugu dictionary audio pronunciation synonyms and definitions of come in Telugu. If you can make password must not support our stories! Upper-case letter Meaning in marathi what is meaning of upper-case lever in marathi dictionary pronunciation synonyms and definitions of pledge-case letter. -
Clear Communication by Design
Clear Communication by Design Presented by Michelle Boulton Michelle Communications [email protected] Words don’t exist in isolation. They are part of a page or a screen. How those words are arranged on the page or screen affects how they are perceived. The best designs are clean, clear, and concise. They help the reader navigate through the docu- ment to find the information they need and want. Legibility describes how easy it is to distinguish one letter from another. Readability describes the ease with which a text can be read and understood. Legibility vs These are different things but they are both based on the anatomy of type. Readability Clear Communication by Design by Michelle Boulton 2 What is Typography? It has a few different definitions: • The art or process of setting and arranging The purpose of type. • The style and appearance of text in print or Typography on screen. • Designing with type in order to communicate a message. Typography should not call attention to itself — its purpose is to make the text easier for the reader to navigate and understand. Many factors influence the effectiveness of typography: • Choice of typeface • Letter spacing • Type size • Letter case • Line length • Type style • Line spacing • Contrast • Alignment Typeface Typefaces can be roughly divided into two main groups / classifications: Serifs • Serif typefaces have been around since 1470. • Serifs are believed to be more readable than sans serifs because the serifs help to guide the eyes along. • Serifs are more commonly used than sans serifs, and they are the usual choice for long texts such as newspapers and books Sans serifs • Sans serifs did not appear until in the mid- 19th century, and they were not in common use until the 20th century. -
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Edited by Susan Baddeley Anja Voeste De Gruyter Mouton An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISSN 0179-3256 ThisISBN work 978-3-11-021808-4 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, ase-ISBN of February (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 LibraryISSN 0179-0986 of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ae-ISSN CIP catalog 0179-3256 record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-3-11-028812-4 e-ISBNBibliografische 978-3-11-028817-9 Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- fie;This detaillierte work is licensed bibliografische under the DatenCreative sind Commons im Internet Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs über 3.0 License, Libraryhttp://dnb.dnb.deas of February of Congress 23, 2017.abrufbar. -
Word Processing Quick✓ Check 3.1 Using the Application 3.1.1 First Steps with Word Processing 1
03 1371 ch03 3/17/04 8:09 AM Page 45 3 ............................................. Word Processing Quick✓ Check 3.1 Using the Application 3.1.1 First Steps With Word Processing 1. Which of the following will launch Microsoft Word, a word Quick Answer: 64 processing package? (Choose all that apply.) Detailed Answer: 65 ❑ A. Choose Word from the Windows Start menu (if available). ❑ B. Choose Word from the Windows All Programs menu. ❑ C. Choose Word from the Quick Launch menu (if available). ❑ D. Double-click a Word file (.doc). 2. There are a number of ways to open a Word document. Quick Answer: 64 Which of the following opens an existing Word file from Detailed Answer: 65 inside Word? (Choose all that apply.) ❑ A. Click Open on the Standard toolbar to open the Open dialog box. Using the Look In control, navigate to the appropriate folder, select the file, and then click Open. ❑ B. Choose Open from the File menu to open the Open dialog box. Using the Look In control, navigate to the appropriate folder, select the file, and then click Open. ❑ C. Double-click a Word file (.doc) in the Windows Explorer. ❑ D. Press Ctrl+O to open the Open dialog box. Using the Look In control, navigate to the appropriate folder, select the file, and then click Open. 3. Opening a new Word document provides a clean page, with Quick Answer: 64 no text or formats. To open a new Word document, you Detailed Answer: 65 should do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.) ❑ A. Press Ctrl+N. -
The Brill Typeface User Guide & Complete List of Characters
The Brill Typeface User Guide & Complete List of Characters Version 2.06, October 31, 2014 Pim Rietbroek Preamble Few typefaces – if any – allow the user to access every Latin character, every IPA character, every diacritic, and to have these combine in a typographically satisfactory manner, in a range of styles (roman, italic, and more); even fewer add full support for Greek, both modern and ancient, with specialised characters that papyrologists and epigraphers need; not to mention coverage of the Slavic languages in the Cyrillic range. The Brill typeface aims to do just that, and to be a tool for all scholars in the humanities; for Brill’s authors and editors; for Brill’s staff and service providers; and finally, for anyone in need of this tool, as long as it is not used for any commercial gain.* There are several fonts in different styles, each of which has the same set of characters as all the others. The Unicode Standard is rigorously adhered to: there is no dependence on the Private Use Area (PUA), as it happens frequently in other fonts with regard to characters carrying rare diacritics or combinations of diacritics. Instead, all alphabetic characters can carry any diacritic or combination of diacritics, even stacked, with automatic correct positioning. This is made possible by the inclusion of all of Unicode’s combining characters and by the application of extensive OpenType Glyph Positioning programming. Credits The Brill fonts are an original design by John Hudson of Tiro Typeworks. Alice Savoie contributed to Brill bold and bold italic. The black-letter (‘Fraktur’) range of characters was made by Karsten Lücke. -
Do Serifs Provide an Advantage in the Recognition of Written Words?
This article was downloaded by: [University of Valencia] On: 12 August 2011, At: 05:11 Publisher: Psychology Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Cognitive Psychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/pecp21 Do serifs provide an advantage in the recognition of written words? Carmen Moret-Tatay a b & Manuel Perea a a Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain b Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Available online: 09 Aug 2011 To cite this article: Carmen Moret-Tatay & Manuel Perea (2011): Do serifs provide an advantage in the recognition of written words?, Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23:5, 619-624 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2011.546781 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Designing Typefaces
Designing Typefaces David Earls A RotoVision book Published and distributed by RotoVision SA Route Suisse 9, CH-1295 Mies, Switzerland RotoVision SA, Sales & Production Office Sheridan House, 112/116A Western Road Hove, East Sussex BN3 1DD, UK T +44 (0)1273 727 268 F +44 (0)1273 727 269 E [email protected] www.rotovision.com Copyright © RotoVision SA Autumn 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the copyright holder 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 2-88046-699-7 Book design: Bikini Atoll Photography: Lee Funnell and Xavier Young Editor: Kate Noël-Paton Production and separations in Singapore by ProVision Pte. Ltd T +65 6334 7720 F +65 6334 7721 ii iiiii David Earls i Designing Typefaces To Mum, Doug and Scut In order of appearance Introduction . 6 Designer profiles Jonathan Hoefler . 12 Jonathan Barnbrook . 24 Akira Kobayashi . 36 Zuzana Licko . 48 Jean-François Porchez . 60 Rian Hughes . 72 Carlos Segura . 84 Erik Spiekermann . 96 Jeremy Tankard . 108 Matthew Carter . 120 Erik van Blokland . 132 Type tutorial Type tutorial . 144 End matter Glossary . 158 Contacts . 159 Acknowledgements . 160 A typeface is not merely a representation of the Roman alphabet. It is the combination of thousands of years of collective human social, technological and economic history, combined with the passion, skill, experience and personal history of its often lone creator. The Phoenicians are widely believed to have created the basis for the Roman alphabet we know and use today.