Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT – DAM & POWERPLANT COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) NON -TECHNICAL SUMMARY

DRAFT FINAL REPORT - REVISION 1 Public Disclosure Authorized

ARTELIA EAU & ENVIRONNEMENT ECHIROLLES 6, Rue de Lorraine 38130 Echirolles, France BASIN INITIATIVE (NBI) / NILE EQUATORIAL Tel.: +33 (0)4 76 33 40 00 LAKES SUBSIDIARY ACTION PROGRAM (NELSAP) Fax: +33 (0)4 76 33 43 32

DATE: FEB. 2013 REF: 1770050 Coteba & Sogreah, same team, enhanced expertise RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT DAM & POWERPLANT COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IM PACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA): NON - TECHNICAL SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) has been prepared by Artelia Eau & Environnement on behalf of the Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP), which has the responsibility of managing the Rusumo Falls hydroelectric Project;

The project is a Category A project with respect to the World Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 for Environmental Assessment, and encompasses the construction and operation of a concrete gravity dam spanning across the upstream of the Rusumo Falls. The hydroelectric scheme will operate as a Run-of-River scheme and there will be no water storage reservoir created upstream of the dam. However the scheme will modify the seasonal flooding regime of the upstream marshland. Also the Kagera River flowing over the Rusumo Falls and along a 500 metre stretch of river downstream from the dam will be bypassed. There will be no changes in hydrology further downstream.

This ESIA addresses the environmental and social impacts associated with the construction, operation and decommissioning of the structures and facilities. The project area of influence encompasses areas in (Kirehe district of the Eastern Province) and (Ngara district of the Kagera region). However, there are no predicted impacts in Burundi.

The ESIA has involved modelling of the changes in hydrology of the Kagera and Ruvubu Rivers in order to predict impact on the natural and socioeconomic environment. Bibliographic review, interview with national experts and field surveys have been carried out to determine the environmental sensitivity of project affected areas.

A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), including a Local Area Development Plan has been prepared in parallel to ESIA as is issued as a separate stand-alone document.

The findings of this ESIA do not result in recommendations for changing the design of the structures and facilities.

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

Background: Lack of electricity is a key constraint hampering development in Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania. The lack of access to reliable power supply services hampers growth potential, contributes to the poverty and isolation of rural population. The Rusumo Falls Hydropower Project will play a role in increasing regional power generation and to help meet national demand. The Project will enhance economic and social development in the region.

Purpose of the Report: The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) have been prepared to assess the environmental and social impacts associated with the Run-of-River (RoR) Development Scheme of the dam and powerplant component of the Rusumo Falls Hydroelectric Project1. The study has been prepared in order to comply with the Safeguard Policies of the World Bank, which is the main International Funding Agency for the project, and the environment regulatory requirements of Rwanda and Tanzania, which are the countries affected by the Project.

Project Developer and the Role of the and NELSAP: The Project is a joint development undertaking by the Governments of Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania. The project preparation management arrangements consist, at the regional level, of (i) a Council of Ministers in charge of electricity in the three countries; (ii) a Project Implementation Committee (PIC) consisting of the Managing Director/Director General of the Electricity Utility, Director General/ Commissioner/Director of Energy in each country, (iii) a Project Manager at the NELSAP Coordination Unit (NELSAP-CU), and (iv) a Technical Advisory Committee. The aim of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is combating poverty and promoting socioeconomic development in the ten Nile riparian countries. The NELSAP is part of the NBI. The immediate objectives of the NELSAP are to increase the supply of electric power networks in the region and to guide policy makers in the development process in the most efficient, economical and environmentally friendly way. Prior to the start of the implementation phase, a Share Holders' Agreements (SHA) and an Implementation Agreement (IA) will be established between the participating countries. Once the project is in the implementation phase, the role of project owner will be delegated to a Special Purpose Vehicle Project Company (SPV). The SPV shall be responsible for all aspects of project management, including those associated with its environmental and social issues. The SPV will be assisted by an Owner’s Engineer (OE) who will assist and collaborate with the the SPV, carry out the detailed design of the structures and facilities, prepare tender documents and supervise the work of the construction contractor.

Financing of the Project: The Governments of Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania will receive financial support from various donors for the preparation of the Project. A Joint Project Development Agreement was signed by the Ministers of Energy of the three countries in March 2006, reconfirming their commitment to jointly develop the Project. A tripartite agreement was signed by the three countries on the 16th February 2012.

Current stage of Project Preparation: The feasibility study for the dam and powerplant has been completed and a call for tender has been launched for the owner’s engineer. The owner’s engineer

1 The assessment of the Transmission Lines component is not included in the report.

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SCOPE AND EXTENT OF THE ESIA

The ESIA was carried out during the period September 2012 – January 2013 and represents a magnitude of effort of 24 man-months (12 man-months for international staff and 12 man-months for local consultants. The work comprised adjusting, building upon and completing the ESIA for the Full and Intermediate Development Schemes and included carrying out (i) additional environmental expertise on the flora and fauna of the project’s area of influence, (ii) additional consultations with the Project Affected People and (iii) additional hydraulic modelling to build upon previous work to determine the impact of the physical presence of the dam on hydrology and changes to natural seasonal variations in marshland flooding.

Contents of the ESIA

The ESIA report comprises 7 chapters as follows:

Chapter 1 – Introduction: The chapter provides information on the purpose of the report, the project developer. It provides an overview of the project, the scope and extent of the ESIA and a summary of the ESIA report.

Chapter 2 – Legal and Administrative Framework: This chapter provides a summary description of the relevant key administrative bodies and legislation and regulations relating the ESIA, environmental protection and resettlement in both Rwanda and Tanzania. The international conventions and standards that are applicable are provided as are the safeguard policies of the World Bank.

Chapter 3 – Project Description: This chapter provides a description of the structures and operating modes based on the feasibility study for the Intermediate Development Scheme carried out by SLII in 2011/12. The structures and activities for the RoR scheme will be much the same as for Intermediate Development Scheme.

Chapter 4 – Baseline Situation: The description of the environmental and social baseline situation comprises information reported in previous studies and which comprises bibliographic data; findings of environmental field surveys carried out from November 2007 to June 2008 and completed in January 2012 and February 2013, and social surveys conducted in 2011 and 2012. The previous studies have been complemented by the findings of environmental expertise and public consultations carried out by Artelia during the period October 2012 –January 2013.

Chapter 5 – Alternatives: The alternatives which are addressed in this chapter comprise: (i) no project alternative, (ii) alternative location, (iii) alternative design and (iv) alternative technology. A comparison of impacts for the Full, Intermediate and Run-of-River Development Schemes is provided and a justification of the selection of the preferred alternative.

Chapter 6 – Assessment of Impacts and Mitigation Measures: The assessment and mitigation measures address the impacts of construction, operation and deconstruction on the natural and human environment. The main issues related to the construction phase include (i) the socioeconomic impacts associated with resettlement of households that are located in areas needed for construction activities. These impacts are managed through the Resettlement Action Plan, which is issued as a separate document and (ii) impacts on hydrology and consequently on flora and fauna associated with the diversion of the river through a diversion channel thus bypassing the Rusumo Falls and a section of the river downstream. These impacts are unavoidable. Other impacts on flora, fauna, air quality and water quality can be anticipated during construction and these will be controlled through a number of environmental management plans.

Chapter 7 – Environmental and Social Management Plan: This chapter provides a summary of the environmental and social impacts, the objectives of environmental and social management plan, general and specific management plans, the roles and responsibilities for implementation and the implementation schedule and costs.

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PROJECT OVERVIEW

The dam and powerplant are planned to be situated at the Rusumo Falls where the Kagera River forms the boundary between Tanzania and Rwanda, and about 2 kilometres downstream of the river's confluence with the Ruvubu River. The location coordinates for the dam are as follows:

WGS 84 – UTM system: 36S 253,445 mE, 9.736,333 mN

SR 92 system: X = 587,075 E Y=9,736,452 N

The main project components are summarised as follows:

Project Component Key features Comments Permanent structures Dam structure Concrete gravity dam Spans across the Kagera River 15 metres high upstream of the Rusumo Falls Water level 1,320 metres Water intake Concrete structure Located on Tanzania side of Kagera River Head race tunnel 600 metres in length Powerhouse Houses 3 turbines, 3 generators and associated equipment and facilities Tail race channel 250 metres in length Temporary structures (for construction) Coffer dam Rockfilled structure Located 100 metres upstream from the 167 metres in length, Falls Temporary diversion channel 265 metres in length Located on Rwanda side of Kagera River Closure dike Concrete core wall Located at entrance of temporary diversion channel Tail race coffer dam Compacted impervious colluvium or Located upstream from tail race outlet residual soil

The Rusumo Project will create up to about 1,000 temporary jobs during the construction period.

Construction works will start in the second quarter of 2015 and continue through to the end of 2018. Commissioning will start at the end of 2018.

The findings of this ESIA do not result in recommendations for changing the design of the structures and facilities.

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Project Location

Project Situation Map

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Layout of Project Structures

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PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDERIES

The Project area of influence and the administrative boundaries are illustrated on the map overleaf.

 In Rwanda, the project area of influence lies within the Kirehe district of the Eastern Province.  In Tanzania, it is the Ngara district of the Kagera region that is concerned by the project.  No detectable impacts are expected in Burundi. Construction Activities

In Rwanda: The construction activities will affect:

 The villages of Nyakwisi and Rusumo West, which are in the Nyankurazo cell, Kigarama Sector  The village of Rusumo East, which is in the Nyamugali sector Tanzania: The construction activities will affect the village of Rusumo, which is situated in the Rusumo Ward.

Operation Phase

The operation phase affects the marshlands upstream of the dam and a 500 metres stretch of river immediately downstream from the dam.

In Rwanda, the affected marshland upstream from the dam is entirely located in Kigarama sector and the concerned cells comprise: Nyankurazo, Kiremera, Kigalama, Nyakerera and Cyanya. No detectable impacts in the Musaza sector (further upstream from Kigarama) are expected, though the rate of seasonal changes in water level may be slightly modified in this area. The downstream section of the river which is affected is in the Nyamugali sector

In Tanzania, the affected marshlands of the Kagera and Ruvubu valleys upstream from the dam are entirely located in the Ngara district. Villages along the right bank of the Kagera marshland and left bank of the Ruvubu marshland are located in the Nyamiyaga Ward. Villages along the right bank of the Ruvubu valley are located in the Rusumo Ward.

/ 1770050 / FEB 2013 DRAFT FINAL REPORT – REVISION 1 7 | P a g e Nyarubuye Nyarubuye Murama sector sector sector P! Capitale de district / District Capital Kirehe sector Rivière / River

Kirehe Kigina Niveau d'eau en octobre (saison sèche) / P! sector Water level in october (dry season) Mahama sector Marais inondé de manière saisonnière / Marshland seasonally flooded Pays / Country

Gahara sector District & Commune / District & Commune Lac / Lake Nyamugari RR ww aa nn dd aa sector Gatore sector Kiyalama cell Kiremera cell Kigarama sector

Musaza sector

Gahara sector

Nyakerera cell Nyankurazo cell

Ka ge ra Cyanya cell Rusumo Falls H!

(!

Nyamiyaga Rusumo ward ward

TTaa nn zz aa nn ii aa Ntobeye ward

Kirushya 2 1 0 2 Report n° 41 77 0050 ward Kilometres © Date : Jan. 2013

RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT Ngara ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT P! R u vu Ngara Mjini bu ward Administrative map

Kanazi source : SNC Lavalin Nile Equatorial Lakes Mugoma ward Kanazi Kibimba International Inc, 2012 Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP) ward ward ward RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT DAM & POWERPLANT COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IM PACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA): NON - TECHNICAL SUMMARY

SUMMARY OF STUDY ZONES

Zone Overview of key characteristics Key Issues Marshlands of the Environmental aspects:  Presence of rare and protected bird Ruvubu and Vast seasonally flooded marshes with some depressions species Kagera valleys filled with water and some loamy sand raised beds.  Reported occasional sighting of extending Dominant vegetation is Cyperus papyrus and open water crocodile and python which are upstream from the supports aquatic vegetation composed of invasive protected future dam for a species ( water lilies and water hyacinths). Provides the  Rare presence of hippopotamus distance of 15-20 habitat for a restricted range of species including water  Project to create a Ramsar wetland kilometres) turtles, crocodiles, lizards, snakes and a variety of water protected area around Lake Rweru birds including herons, egrets and ducks. Bird fauna (Rweru-Mugesera Complex) includes some species that are of particular interest (Carruthers’s Cisticola, the white-winged swamp warbler, the near threatened Papyrus Gonolek and the vulnerable Papyrus Yellow Warbler). Socioeconomic aspects:  Arable marshland that can be At the edge of the marshland the local people clear the cultivated on average every other year papyrus to create a narrow band of arable marshland.  For most people the arable marshland Under natural conditions, this land is flooded during the is a complementary source of food wet season and during the period May – October, the  A small percentage of people have no water slowly recedes, allowing the land that is dry for other land and rely heavily on the more than 3 months to be used for agriculture and the arable marshland land that is dry for less than 3 months is used for pasture. Terrestrial habitat Environmental aspects:  No key issues in the vicinity of The area is strongly influenced by anthropogenic the construction activities. The natural vegetation comprises shrub and site tree savannah. The habitat is not flagged as being of environmental importance Socioeconomic aspects:  Residential areas and some small Three villages are located on the terrestrial areas that businesses in the contraction work will be affected by construction comprise, there are also area of influence some business on the edge of the marshland (sand extraction and brick making) Rusumo Falls and The Falls represent a vertical drop of approximately  Presence of CITES protected orchids spray zone 30 meters the spray zone represents a small natural  Presence of rare and protected habitat rich in tree and shrub vegetation, habitat for species of birds some rare and protect birds. Field surveys have  Of particular environmental interest, confirmed that the habitat of the spray zone is not a but not thought to be a unique or critical or unique habitat and is not populated by rare or critical habitat (this point is being protected flora and fauna species, other two species of verified by additional field work) orchids (Impantiens irvingii and Elophia guinensis which are both CITES protected, but which are fairly common in Eastern Rwanda and which are not expected to be impacted by the Project. Some rare and protected bird species have been observed at the site, but they are not dependent on the spray zone and are also observed further downstream

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Zone Overview of key characteristics Key Issues Downstream Environmental aspects:  Possible important area for fish life; rapids (500 metres The rapids stretches downstream from the Falls for a  Occasional presence of Crocodile, in length) distance of 800 metres. The principal land vegetation are hippopotamus (from Akagera National shrubs and tree savannahs. Local people report that Park) hippopotamus and Nile Crocodile from the Akagera National Park are sometimes observed. This stretch of river is important for fish and the fast moving waters are probably a habitat for fish spawning. A specific survey of of the fish in this zone was carried out in January 2012 and no protected or rare fish species were observed. Socioeconomic aspects:  Fishing activities by local fishermen The area is rich in fish and fishing activities take place in area where local fishing cooperative is operating. Zone extending The zone is not expected to be affected by the project Presence of protected areas and game further The zone is characterized by marshes and a complex reserves 60 km downstream downstream from system of lakes located in the Akagara National Park the rapids (60 kilometres downstream).

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General View of valley with areas of marshland upstrealm from the future dam, filling most of the bottom of the valley, arable marshland bordering the papyrus marshland and intermediate (private arable land) set back at a slightly higer elevation.

General View of Marshland

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Photos of arable marshland in the Kagera valley (Rwanda side) near the village of Nyamirambo II

Examples of Areas of Arable Marshland

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Rusumo Falls

General view of Rusumo Falls

Views of Rusumo Falls

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SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES

The alternatives which have been evaluated comprise: (i) no project alternative, (ii) alternative location, (iii) alternative design and (iv) alternative technology. The comparison of the impacts of the RoR, IDS and FDS are summarised in the following Table and illustrated in the Figure overleaf.

From the comparative information, it is evident that the scale and extent of the overall environmental and social impacts of the ROR scheme are significantly less that FDS and IDS. The RoR is also more favourable from and economic perspective because of the significantly reduced costs of managing the social impacts.

Criteria RoR IDS FDS Maximum normal upper level (m.a.s.l.) 1,320 1,323.50 1,325 Incremental difference (m) 0 3.50 5 Area flooded by the reservoir excluding Lake Rweru (ha) 977 (a) 17,118 28,053 Incremental difference (ha) 0 16,141 27,076 Area of marsh flooded (ha) 977 (b 10,817 18,280 Incremental difference (ha) 0 9,840 17,303 Terrestrial forested and shrub land flooded (ha) 0 (b) 575 837 Incremental difference (ha) 0 570 832 Total loss of agricultural land (ha) 187 2,228 9,152 Incremental difference (ha) 0 2,041 8,965 - Number of households affected by construction and 685 7,330 17,450 reservoir impoundment Incremental difference (nb) 0 6,645 16,765 Infrastructure (roads) affected (km) 0 14 18 Incremental difference (km) 0 14 18 Number of villages impacted 8 167 263 Incremental difference (nb) 0 144 240 Average annual power generation (GWh) 446 497 507 Incremental difference (GWh) 0 51 61 a) For the RoR, there is no reservoir but an area of permanently flooded marshland of shallow depth. (b) The RoR alternative only marshland is flooded

/ 1770050 / FEB 2013 DRAFT FINAL REPORT – REVISION 1 14 | P a g e P! Capitale de district / District Capital Pays / Country District & Commune / District & Commune

Kibungo Route / Road P! Rivière / River Lac / Lake Niveau d'eau au barrage : 1320 m / NGOMA Water level at Dam : 1320 m Run-of-River Scheme - permanent flooded area Niveau d'eau au barrage : 1323,5 m / RR ww aa nn dd aa Water Level at Dam : 1323.5 m Intermediate Development Scheme Niveau d'eau au barrage : 1325 m / EE AA SS TT EE RR NN PP RR OO VV II NN CC EE KIREHE Kirehe Water Level at Dam : 1325 m P! P! Full Development Scheme BUGESERA

Rusumo Falls Lac / Lake Rweru H!

Ka gera

BUSONI GITERANYI

Ngara P! (! Giteranyi P! PP RR OO VV II NN CC EE DD EE P! BB uu rr uu nn dd ii MM UU YY II NN GG AA

NGARA TTaa nn zz aa nn ii aa BWAMBARANGWE 2 1 0 2 4 Report n° 1 77 0050

Mukenke Kilometres P! © Date : Jan. 2013

RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT KK AA GG EE RR AA RR EE GG II OO NN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT GITOBE PP RR OO VV II NN CC EE DD EE KK II RR UU NN DD OO u b u Extent of flooded areas for Full, Intermediate v u R and Run-of-River Development Schemes

source : SNC Lavalin Nile Equatorial Lakes International Inc, 2012 Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP) RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT DAM & POWERPLANT COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IM PACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA): NON - TECHNICAL SUMMARY

SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND CONTROL AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Summary of Key Impacts to the Physical Environment and their Mitigation

Impact Receptor Impacts of the Project Proposed Mitigation Hydrology Construction phase: Environmental flow (10% of average river flow  No flow over Rusumo Falls and along a rate is proposed) 100 metre stretch of river for the duration of the works (4 – 5 years) Operation Phase: Environmental flow (10% of average river flow  No flow over Rusumo Falls and along a rate is proposed), plus creation of a 500 metre stretch of river downstream weir to maintain the water level in part of the section of bypassed river  Change in season flooding regime of marshlands upstream of the dam:  Creation of a permanently flooded marshland (977 ha of) - whereas for natural situation it is seasonally flooded  Creation of temporary additional flooded areas on the edge of the marshlands (75 ha) during the wet season  Creation of additional permanently flooded areas (6 ha) near the dam – but within extent of 2-yearly floods  Increased water depth in the Kagera and Ruvubu Rivers upstream of the dam See maps and Figures on following pages Water quality Construction phase:  Contractor E&S specifications  Changes in water quality downstream from  Hazardous substance management, by worksite from discharges of treated construction contractor (CC) wastewater and accidental spills and leaks of  Accidental spill and preparedness and hazardous materials response plan, by CC  Water quality monitoring, by CC  Control of CCs water quality monitoring by owners Engineer (OE)  Monitoring of construction work by OE Operation phase:  Water quality monitoring, by Project  Changes in water quality downstream from Implementation Unit (PIU) discharges of treated wastewater from operators village Erosion and Construction phase:  Contractor E&S specifications sedimentation  Risk of increased sediment in river water  Erosion and sediment control by CC downstream of works from rainwater run-off  Management of borrow areas and spoils from work sites. by CC  Monitoring of construction work by OE Operation phase:  Sediment transport study performed before  Risk of trapping sediment upstream of dam start of construction and adaption of site, reducing power production capacity and design to minimise risk changing river morphology downstream  Monitoring of sediment deposition and changes in river morphology

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Section of Kagera River Affected by Temporary Deviation Channel

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Section of Kagera River Affected by Power Production

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Kimeshu Village Kaguriro RWANDA Nyakigera XW Rusumo falls and futur dam site

Nyarutojo River Gahindu Extent of permanently flooded marshland Nyagahanga Marembo Extent of flooded marshland (natural conditions Gasenyi Kacyiru Gatari for October) Nyakariba II Nyakariba I Gasarabwayi Ryamukaza Kabeza Nyakiriba Nyakabungo Kigende Kabuga Murukoli Kanyosha Nyarutovu Ruhuha Nshungerezi K The map shows the extent of the permanently flooded Rwinyundo Kagali a Gakoni Kabimba I ge marshland created by the dam in October (end of dry ra season) when the water level is at its lowest. Gicuma Nyamirambo I Nyakwisi TANZANIA Rusumo West XWRusumo For the natural situation in October, for an average year the Kabuye Nyamirambo II Rusumo East Nyakahanga Rwintuku water level recedes to the main river bed and much of the Nyamikono flood plain is no longer flooded. However in wet years the marshland often remains flooded.

Kumurenge

Kyenda

Mukatokatoke

Luhembe Busoro Mukilelama Gwintuku Viewing in colour is essential for interpreting this map

Ntoboye

(!

Gwingwe

1 0.5 0 1 2 Report n° 1 77 0050

Kilometres © Date : Jan. 2013 Songambele R uv ub RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT u ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Kabigwa

Extent pf permanently flooded marshland created by presence of dam

Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP) Kivu Key Bweranka II Village Kimeshu Kaguriro XW Rusumo falls and futur dam site RWANDA Nyakigera River Nyarutojo Extent of temporary additional flooded area Gahindu Nyagahanga caused by the dam Marembo Extent of seasonally flooded marshland Gasenyi Kacyiru Gatari (natural conditions) Nyakariba II Nyakariba I Gasarabwayi Ryamukaza Kabeza Nyakiriba Nyakabungo Kigende Kabuga Murukoli Kanyosha Nyarutovu Ruhuha Nshungerezi K Rwinyundo Kagali a Gakoni Kabimba I ge ra Gicuma Nyamirambo I Nyakwisi TANZANIA Rusumo West XWRusumo Kabuye Nyamirambo II Rusumo East Nyakahanga Rwintuku Nyamikono

Kumurenge

Kyenda Band of temporary additional flooded areas on the edge of the papyrus marshland. The width of the band of Mukatokatoke varies from about 5 to10 metres near the dam to 7 metres 10 km upstream

Luhembe Busoro Mukilelama Gwintuku Viewing in colour is essential for interpreting this map

Ntoboye

(! Small hillocks and embankments within marshland area Presence of the dam will create additional flooded area at the edges of the hillocks. Temporary additional flooded area is within range of natural seasonal two-yearly flood.

Gwingwe

1 0.5 0 1 2 Report n° 1 77 0050

Kilometres © Date : Jan. 2013 Songambele R uv ub RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT u ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Kabigwa

Seasonally flooded area in May (end of wet season) Natural situation and with dam

Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP) RUSUMO FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT DAM & POWERPLANT COMPONENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA)

Summary of Key Impacts to the Biological Environment and their Mitigation

Impact Receptor Impacts of the Project Proposed Mitigation Aquatic, riverine and marshland Construction Phase:  Environmental flow to be equipped habitats and fish diversity  Negative significant impacts on with a spray system to create similar flora and fauna in the 1 ha spray humidity and mist conditions zone of the Falls  Study of the feasibility and interest  Negative significant impact on fish for the construction of a weir at a life along the 100 metre stretch of suitable point along the bypassed rapids downstream. section of river, thus allowing the water level in the river bed to be maintained Operation phase  Change in seasonal marshland flooding will have a positive impact on upstream marshland habitat and consequently mainly positive impacts on fauna  There will be a continuation of the impacts on the Falls spray zone and a 500 metre stretch of river downstream  Negative significant impacts on fish life along the 500 metre stretch of rapids downstream. Terrestrial habitat Construction activities  Contractor E&S specifications  Change in land use at the work site  Site flora and fauna protection plan locations, impacting 29 ha of by construction contractor (CC) natural habitat (tree and shrub  Quarries management plan by CC savannah)  Site re-vegetation and rehabilitation by CC  Monitoring of construction work by OE Operation phase  No further impacts Species of conservation concern Operation activities  Biodiversity monitoring Positive impact on marshland fauna because of positive impact on the habitat through creation of a small permanently flooded area

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Summary of Key Impacts to the Socioeconomic Environment

Impact Receptor Impacts of the Project Proposed Mitigation (Enhancement) Direct employment opportunities  Positive impacts: Temporary  Recruitment policy and procedures employment for up to 1,000 people to maximise employment of local people  Workforce recruitment plan by Construction Contractor (CC)  Supervision of construction recruitment by Owner’s Engineer Induced and indirect employment  Induced employment for an  As for direct employment estimated 100 – 200 people  Local Area Development Plan (part  Indirect jobs for an estimated 600 of RAP) people  Plan for contracting services (by CC) Social benefits associated with  Increased income of local people  As for direct employment economic development Indirect social benefits associated with  Improved livelihood of local people rural electrification Assistance to farmers through Local  The LADP will provide assistance Area Development Plan (LADP) to improve farming practices and crop production yields Improved fisheries capacity  Change in seasonal variation of marshland flooded and creation of permanently flooded area will have a positive impact on fish biomass Spontaneous settlements  Influx of workers seeking  Plan for management of employment – causing pressure on spontaneous settlements (by local existing infrastructure and creating authorities with support from the health and safety issues Project)  Recruitment policy and procedures to maximise employment of local people – and for a recruitment office to be created away from project site Public health and safety related to  Nuisances – air quality, road traffic,  Public health management plan construction works noise prepared by CC  Supervision of works by Owner’s Engineer

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Summary of Key Impacts to the Socioeconomic Environment (Continued)

Impact Receptor Impacts of the Project Proposed Mitigation (Enhancement) Infectious diseases  Risk of increased prevalence of  Plan to protect and fight against HIV/AIDS and other STDs HIV/AIDs and other STDs (by local authorities with support from the Project)  Public health management plan prepared by CC  Supervision of works by Owner’s Engineer Waterborne diseases  Increased habitat for waterborne  Monitoring of water related disease diseases vectors Workforce health and safety  Risk of workforce accidents  Workforce health and safety plan prepared by CC  Supervision of works by Owner’s Engineer Residential areas, businesses, A total of 685 HHs affected Compensation (through RAP and agricultural land LADP) Construction activities:  3 villages in Rwanda (Rusumo West, Rusumo East and Nyakwisi) and 1 village in Tanzania ( Rusumo)  244 households affected in total : 108 HH in Rwanda and 59 HHs in Tanzania Operation phase: Affected households  441 households affected by loss of production from arable marshland (351 in Rwanda and 90 in Tanzania) In Rwanda, households cultivating arable marshland in the following villages are considered as affected.

 Rusumo East  West Rusumo  Nyakabungo  Nyakwisi  Nshungeruzi  Ruhuha  Nyakabungo  Ruhuha In Tanzania, households cultivating arable marshland in the following sub villages of Nyakizib.

Kabuye  Kyenda  Sub-villages Kabuye

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Summary of Cumulative Impacts and Interactions

Project Interaction, cumulative impact Management Programme Project that can interact with Rusumo dam and powerplant project Nyabarongo I hydroelectric project Run-of-river scheme - no interaction / None no cumulative impacts Nyabarongo II hydroelectric project Project will divert upstream water to an Monitoring of river hydrology (see irrigation scheme - 6% reduced water ESMP) flow in Kagera river – reduced power production capacity – may be compensated by increased precipitation and river water flow as a result of climate change Kano hydroelectric project Located downstream of the Akagera None national park, no interaction with Rusumo dam and power plant Isaka-Kigali / Keza-Gitega-Musongati Construction schedule and line Management plan for coordination with Railway Project alignment unknown, potential neighbouring projects (see ESMP) interaction with dam and powerplant construction works if construction starts before end of 2017 Potential issues related to increased impact on air quality, noise levels, road safety, demand for services, spontaneous settlements Rwanda International Bridge and One Last 9 months of construction will Monitoring and management plan for Stop Border Post. coincide with the start of the dam and coordination with neighbouring projects powerplant construction (see ESMP) Potential issues related to increased impact on air quality, noise levels, road safety, demand for services, spontaneous settlements Protected areas, valued ecosystems and game reserves upstream and downstream of Project Akagera National Park (Rwanda) Rusumo dam and powerplant does not Sediment transport study to be carried modify downstream river hydrology – out during detailed design, taking into no impact on hydrology account recent data available on Dam may trap sediment causing sediment transport upstream of reduced sediment transport Rusumo Falls. downstream – causing changes in river The dam and water inlet design will be morphology and reduced sediment adapted to maximise the trans transport to Lake Ihemat Monitoring of sediment transport and changes in river morphology Akagera wetland (Tanzania) As for Akagera National Park above As for Akagera National Park above Kimisi Game Reserve (Tanzania) As for Akagera National Park above As for Akagera National Park above Ibanda and Rumanyika Game Unlikely that the impact on sediment As for Akagera National Park above Reserves (Tanzania)

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Public Consultation and Disclosure

A key guiding principle to the Public Consultation and Public Disclosure (PCDP) process has been that it has involved free, prior and informed consultations with potentially affected communities to enable informed participation.

Community engagement activities started in 2007 when the Full Development Scheme was being studied. During 2007-2008 hundreds of interviews and focus groups were carried out in the Full development Scheme project area of influence. Then in 2011 a comprehensive government stakeholder consultation process was carried out and additional community and household consultations and investigations. In July 2011 – Feb. 2012 further consultation with 9 000 Project Affected People for the Intermediate Development Scheme was carried out and village-level resettlement committees set up. In September 2011 in Kirehe and Ngoma workshops with district officials were organised to prepare the Local Development Plan. In December 2011 and January 2012 in Kirehe and Ngoma, focus groups were held regarding on land tenure and vulnerable groups.

Under the RoR scheme there are reduced social and environmental impacts compared to the Full and Intermediate Development Scheme. In November 2012 it was necessary to inform those people who would no longer be impact by the project of the reduced impact. There expectations will be managed through the Local Area Development Plan (LADP).

The Community engagement activities that were carried out for the Run-of-River Scheme have involved a self-validation exercise to validate the list the Project Affecte People and the use of arable marshland. Consultations with resettlement committees were carried out at the same time to establish and assess how to manage village/sector grievances. Local/international NGOs and other development partners attended these meetings.

The Process for approval and disclosure is in process. First draft reports of the ESIA, RAP and LADP for the Run-of-River Scheme were presented to the Rusumo Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), the Project Implementation Committee (PIC) and the Council of Ministers (COM) in Bujumbura on 27-28 November, 2012. In December 2012, the draft reports were presented to District Task Forces in their respective countries. On the 18th December 2012, the draft reports were presented to Kirehe Taskforce (Rwanda) and on 20th December, presented to Ngara Taskforce (Tanzania). In both cases, the taskforces commended the progress made in the draft ESIA and RAP and were pleased with reduced Environmental and Social Impacts. On 4th and 5th February 2013, the second draft reports were discussed by representatives of various ministries from the three countries and the development partners. Participants from the three countries represented institutions namely: Ministries of Energy, Minerals, Environment, Agriculture, Natural Resources, National Environmental Management Councils, Utility Agencies, District Heads, Country Investment Agencies, Forest Reserve Management Heads, NGO representatives, and Development Partners.

The plan for disclosure is as follows: RAP, ESIA and LADP will be disclosed in the 28th February 2013. In March 2013 the Share Holder’s Agreement (SHA), Implementation Agreement (IA) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) will be established. Project Appraisal (PAD) is also planned for March 2013.

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Organisation of Environmental and Social Management

The Project will be developed under the following conventional conditions:

 The Project is a joint development undertaken by the Governments of Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania. The role of project owner is delegated to a Special Purpose Vehicle Project Company (SPV). The SPV shall be responsible for all aspects of project management, including those associated with its environmental and social issues.  Appointment of an Owner’s Engineer (OE) to assist the Owner for the correct design and construction of the Project;  Appointment of Construction Contractors, the role of Head Contractor being dedicated to the one in charge of main civil works. Three levels of organization, fully complementary, will be set-up:

 The SPV, which will have to provide for all aspects related to environment and social (i) supervision of activities carried out prior, during and after construction of the project and (ii) coordination with other stakeholders including other Government Agencies and the World Bank. The SPV will create a unit referred to as the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) which will be responsible for E&S aspects;  The Owner’s Engineer Environmental and Social Management Team (OE-ESMT), who is to provide coordination and supervision for all environment-related activities during construction, and to report regularly to the PIU Project Director;  The Contractor Environmental Management Group (CC-EMG), who is to provide resources for, and effective implementation of, all measures which are defined in the ESMP and in the contract documentation. There will be one CC-EMG if a Head Contractor is overtaking coordination responsibility for all contractors or one CC-EMG for each major Construction Contract (for example civil works, electro-mechanical and transmission line). Environmental staffs in the PIU, OE and CC are intended to be independent of construction staff. Environmental staff will work alongside construction staff, however they will report through separate management up to the Project Director for the OE and to the executive management level in the HC and each CC.

The organisation is illustrated in the Figure overleaf.

Cost

The estimated project cost for the dam and powerplant is 346 million USD, which can be broken down as follows:

 Civil, Mechanical and Engineering costs: 317 Million USD

 ESMP (see Chapter 7): 6.6 Million USD

 RAP: 7.4 Million USD

 LADP: 15 Million USD

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Organisation for ESMP and RAP Implementation

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