The Evolution– and Devolution–

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Evolution– and Devolution– JULY 1999 Volume 28, Number 7 IMPRIMISBecause Ideas Have Consequences 27th The Evolution– year and Devolution– of Journalistic Ethics Marianne Jennings 845,000 subscribers Professor of Legal and Ethical Studies Arizona State University Journalists are the eyes and ears of society. arianne Jennings is an They gather, sift, and communicate millions of M award-winning newspaper pieces of information. But as Marianne columnist and radio commenta- Jennings warns, some journalists believe that tor, director of the Joan and the facts are less important than a story that David Lincoln Center for Applied “sells” or that promotes a cause. Ethics, and professor of legal Professor Jennings delivered her remarks at and ethical stud- the February 1999 Center for Constructive ies at Arizona State Alternatives seminar, “The Fourth Estate: A University. With undergrad- History of Journalism,” which was co-hosted by uate and law de- Hillsdale’s newly established Herbert H. Dow II grees from Brig- Program in American Journalism. ham Young Univer- sity, Dr. Jennings lawyer by training and a newspaper col- has written six text- umnist by avocation, I teach ethics at a books, and more business school. People tell me that’s than 130 articles. four oxymorons in one sentence. Her column in the AMy unusual career choices have made me Arizona Republic realize that lawyers, businessmen, and journal- has been reprinted ists wrestle with the same ethical concerns. But by the Wall Street Journal, the Chicago Tribune, and other news- journalists face the greatest challenge. They not papers nationwide. A collection of only have to decide whether to follow a code of her essays, Nobody Fixes Real ethics personally but also whether that code Carrot Sticks Anymore, was pub- should apply to the stories and the subjects they lished in 1994. cover professionally. There’s an old joke about journalism that bears repeating: Imagine that the Lord has just given Moses the Ten Commandments, which are the core of the ethical systems of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. As the old Hebrew Also in this issue: prophet descends from the mountain, the Michael Medved reporters crowd around him for the inevitable Television News: press conference. Then they report breathlessly to Information or their television and radio audiences: “Ladies and Infotainment? Gentlemen, Moses has just returned from Mount A Monthly Publication of Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan 49242 IMPRIMIS Because Ideas Have Consequences Sinai with Ten Commandments from God, the two •resists social change; most important of which are . .” •prefers the superficial and sensational; Unfortunately, journalists often regard ideas •endangers public morals; about right and wrong as old-fashioned and out- •invades privacy; moded. And they often fail to live up to high ethi- •is dominated by one socioeconomic class; cal standards. Consider this real-life admission by •interferes with the open marketplace of ideas. a famous reporter: Luce was livid when he read this report. He Tales of lawsuits no court had ever seen involv- feared that Congress would step in and take con- ing names no city directory had ever known, trol. Fortunately, Congress refrained, and we still poured from me. Tales of prodigals returned, have freedom of the press as outlined in the First hoboes come into fortune, families driven mad Amendment. by ghosts, vendettas that ended in love feasts, and A newspaper publisher was once confronted by all of them full of exotic plot turns involving par- a prominent businessman who complained, rots, chickens, goldfish, serpents, epigrams, and “I don’t like what your reporters and editors have second-act curtains. I made them all up. been saying about my company.” The publisher wisely replied, “I’m sorry, but I can’t control these Was it New Republic associate editor Stephen people.” We should not want to control “these peo- Glass? He was fired in May 1998 for making up out ple” through government regulation. But we of whole cloth half a dozen articles and fabricating should expect them to deal honestly and fairly with portions of more than 20 others. Or was it Boston their subjects, and we should hold them responsi- Globe columnists Patricia Smith and Mike ble in the courts and in the marketplace. Barnicle? It was revealed in June 1998 that they were allowed to keep on writing for years after their editors suspected that they were making up people Rights Without and events. Or was it CNN’s star producer April Oliver? Oliver was booted from the network in July Responsibilities 1998 after airing a false story claiming that the U.S. military used nerve gas in Laos. he 18th-century British conservative Actually, it was Ben Hecht, the legendary news- statesman Edmund Burke called the paperman who began his career at the Chicago press the “fourth estate,” implying that it Journal. In 1910, as a cub reporter, Hecht confessed was as important and as influential as to making up news stories and was suspended for a Tthe three estates, or branches, of government. His week. He was never again to write fiction as a jour- contemporary and ideological foe, the French nalist–but he did go on to do so as a highly success- philosopher Voltaire came up with what (as it was ful novelist and Hollywood screenwriter. You may later paraphrased) became the rallying cry of the remember seeing the original or one of the many press: “I disapprove of what you say, but I will remakes of his most famous screenplay, Front Page, defend to the death your right to say it.” Both men a 1928 comedy about–what else?–reporters caught would have agreed with former U.S. President up in their own lies. John Adams when he wrote in 1815: Journalists are tempted to fiddle with the truth because they need to write sensational stories that If there is ever to be an amelioration of the con- will sell newspapers. The “scoop” was everything dition of mankind, philosophers, theologians, back in 1910, and it still is today. legislators, politicians, and moralists will find that regulation of the press is the most difficult, dangerous, and important problem that they Freedom of have to resolve. Mankind cannot be governed the Press without it, nor at present with it. n 1947, Henry Luce, the founder of Time, A free press is necessary for the effective func- Life, and Fortune magazines, commissioned tioning of our republic. But it is also an invitation a report which concluded that the press: to abuse. Given all the scandals that have occurred I recently, journalists have been trying to agree •wields enormous power for its own ends; upon a professional code of ethics. The American •propagates its own opinions at the expense of Society of Newspaper Editors and the Society of opposing views; Professional Journalists have each published their •allows advertisers to dictate editorial content; own version. I have read them with interest. They 2 are well crafted and feature many sound ideas. But This student, like a number of ethically-chal- they err gravely by focusing less on journalists’ lenged journalists today, doesn’t seem to realize the conduct than on the “public’s right to know.” In importance of value-based decisionmaking. First other words, they say a lot about the rights and foremost, you should define the values that and very little about the responsibilities you hold most dear. I propose that journal- of the press. ists be guided by five important values. (I As an ethics professor, I have have borrowed them from novelist Ayn also found that those who rely Rand, but I could have easily found them in the most on written codes of conduct are the writings of many thinkers.) most unethical among us. They want a fancy document certifying their integrity Honesty that they can wave around, but they do not The first value is honesty. want to be bound by it. It is no wonder that one Journalists should not invent stories of America’s most popular journalists in the or “fudge” facts. Nor should they early to mid-20th century, American foster false impressions. This Mercury founder H.L. Mencken, called last provision may be the ethical codes for journalists “flap- most critical. My son Sam doodlish and unenforceable.” would never tell an out- right lie, but he is willing to tell less than the whole Value-Based truth. His second grade teacher put his name on the chalkboard if he Decisionmaking failed to follow the rules. My husband and I asked him every day after school, “Did you get your any journalists are content to practice name on the board?” and he would answer truth- what I call “Jurassic Park ethics.” fully. When he was in the third grade, we asked Have you seen Jurassic Park? You the same question, and the answer was always should, if for no other reason than “No.” We were thrilled that his conduct had been becauseM a lawyer is eaten alive. In this movie, a so exemplary. wealthy businessman finds a way to genetically Then we learned from his teacher that she had engineer DNA so as to revive extinct species. changed the policy; names were no longer written He uses this ingenious process to create a theme on the chalkboard but on index cards. We went park full of live dinosaurs. He stands to make home from parent-teacher conferences to confront untold millions, but his lawyers are afraid that our son: “Sam, you lied to us. You told us that you the park is unsafe. To allay their fears, the devel- were good.” Sam replied earnestly, “No, I did not lie oper invites a team of scientists to investigate.
Recommended publications
  • Firemen Reflect on Accord -Maoannb PULLOUT Gcction Mood Inside Buckland Station Is Gloomy
    m If79. HlOfI Mmln0. M l f m . ' LiMaron, 4 ofuomoffe, ». v«ryef«OA. 6 4M W «v- r wMkCfuM. 7f, ^ » w « r brok*^ ofr, •Mtta. Em«f- Wofl. M7-0M7 P. TifSildrinsr) lin M tp o m r broKM. 31k. ndlffon. 646- iHmtrbrfitrr Hrralb ) Vnrhfistfir A C'ty nf VilUqp ^,h.^rr^^ m . 6ootf . Mutt MU. M7-1130. » T X t . LtOttMTlnf*- :k finftb/ lodr 12,m . Dtllofi Saturday, Juna 2 7 ,19 2 7 SOCama 2145. ;ronk-u0 t«nt xetlltnt com M pt 3. Fur* )v«, orxJ led ln« 32400 or ROSS VERDICT: DEATH . Call aftor 6. ■y Linde ftoweff the Assoefeted Fress Inside: MLE BRIDOEFORT - MiciMel B. R«m , eonffeted/ons Sof merder- inG four t«en*sfs fM s, on rridsy Evcryona thouGht tho beesino die flrtt person con­ knock on tho Jury room door demned to (Be in Comiectlciit's at 6:66 p.m. Fridi^ Just moant eleetrle eheir since the U.S. tho Jurors wanted to go homo dupreme Cotm upheld the death and rosumo doliboratlona penalty In 1373. next weak. But it didn't ntoan Lawyers for the 27*year*old that — It moant tho Jury had serial killer said they would doekfod that Miohaol B. Rosa appeal the sentence. should bo oontoneod to daath In tho olootrlo chair. The Cornell University Gradu­ ate and former Insurance sales­ Ity man from Orlswold heard the verdict from a 12-memtier Jury A Jury's vordict Friday that that deliberated four hours before Miehaol B. Ro m should Go to ifiMdaisM, concludinG the killinGs were tho oloctrlo chair for tho mnm "espedally cruel, heinous and murders of four younG women CE depraved." evoked praise for tho Jurors' ThoM are the aGGravatinG couraGe, cntlclsm of Connec­ factors necessary for the death ticut's death penalty statute sentence to be Imposed under and predictions Ross will Connecticut law.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future
    Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future By Daniel R. Bersak S.B. Comparative Media Studies & Electrical Engineering/Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPARATIVE MEDIA STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPARATIVE MEDIA STUDIES AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEPTEMBER, 2006 Copyright 2006 Daniel R. Bersak, All Rights Reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author: _____________________________________________________ Department of Comparative Media Studies, August 11, 2006 Certified By: ___________________________________________________________ Edward Barrett Senior Lecturer, Department of Writing Thesis Supervisor Accepted By: __________________________________________________________ William Uricchio Professor of Comparative Media Studies Director Ethics In Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future By Daniel R. Bersak Submitted to the Department of Comparative Media Studies, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences on August 11, 2006, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Comparative Media Studies Abstract Like writers and editors, photojournalists are held to a standard of ethics. Each publication has a set of rules, sometimes written, sometimes unwritten, that governs what that publication considers to be a truthful and faithful representation of images to the public. These rules cover a wide range of topics such as how a photographer should act while taking pictures, what he or she can and can’t photograph, and whether and how an image can be altered in the darkroom or on the computer.
    [Show full text]
  • Jay-Richards-Longer
    Jay W. Richards, Ph.D., is author of many books including the New York Times bestsellers Infiltrated (2013) and Indivisible (2012). He is also the author of Money, Greed, and God, winner of a 2010 Templeton Enterprise Award; and co-author of The Privileged Planet with astronomer Guillermo Gonzalez. Richards is an Assistant Research Professor in the School of Business and Economics at The Catholic University of America and a Senior Fellow at the Discovery Institute. In recent years he has been Distinguished Fellow at the Institute for Faith, Work & Economics, Contributing Editor of The American at the American Enterprise Institute, a Visiting Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, and Research Fellow and Director of Acton Media at the Acton Institute. Richards’ articles and essays have been published in The Harvard Business Review, Wall Street Journal, Barron’s, Washington Post, Forbes, The Daily Caller, Investor’s Business Daily, Washington Times, The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Huffington Post, The American Spectator, The Daily Caller, The Seattle Post- Intelligencer, and a wide variety of other publications. He is a regular contributor to National Review Online, Christian Research Journal, and The Imaginative Conservative. His topics range from culture, economics, and public policy to natural science, technology, and the environment. He is also creator and executive producer of several documentaries, including three that appeared widely on PBS—The Call of the Entrepreneur, The Birth of Freedom, and The Privileged Planet. Richards’ work has been covered in The New York Times (front page news, science news, and editorial), The Washington Post (news and editorial), The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Times, Nature, Science, Astronomy, Physics Today, Reuters, The Chronicle of Higher Education, American Enterprise, Congressional Quarterly Researcher, World, National Catholic Register, and American Spectator.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Annual Report
    SEATTLE CHANNEL 2009 Annual Report In 2009, SEATTLE CHANNEL continued to provide top-flight service to Seattle residents by cablecasting and webcasting a variety of programming that informs and inspires its viewers. SEATTLE CHANNEL features comprehensive gavel-to-gavel coverage of the City of Seattle government; educational and dynamic public affairs; and inspirational community and arts programming. In addition, SEATTLE CHANNEL produces an innovative and sophisticated website. Moreover, all of this quality content is produced by a modest-sized staff operating with a lean budget. Highlights of the last year include: • SEATTLE CHANNEL won 28 awards in the National Association of Telecommunications Officers and Advisors’ (NATOA) Government Programming Awards including, for the third year in a row, first place for a Government Access Station Web Site. • In the last year, SEATTLE CHANNEL continued its commitment to the most thorough coverage of Seattle’s local government of any television outlet. • SEATTLE CHANNEL’s website received 5.6 million visits last year, with around 500,000 visitors streaming or downloading videos. • By working out distribution agreements, SEATTLE CHANNEL began showing some of its programs, including Book Lust, Art Zone and American Podium, on Federal Way TV and Burien TV. • SEATTLE CHANNEL added its own blog—Take21—to its website features. • Since the beginning of 2009, SEATTLE CHANNEL has been featured in 65 media outlets from small blogs to major websites and newspapers including The Seattle Times, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Puget Sound Business Journal, Crosscut, Seattle Post Globe, Publicola and many others. • SEATTLE CHANNEL partnered with CityClub and Town Hall to host a 90-minute, multi-media, interactive live call-in show hosted by C.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Combatting Fake News
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Southern Methodist University Science and Technology Law Review Volume 20 | Number 2 Article 17 2017 Combatting Fake News: Alternatives to Limiting Social Media Misinformation and Rehabilitating Quality Journalism Dallas Flick Southern Methodist University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/scitech Part of the Internet Law Commons Recommended Citation Dallas Flick, Combatting Fake News: Alternatives to Limiting Social Media Misinformation and Rehabilitating Quality Journalism, 20 SMU Sci. & Tech. L. Rev. 375 (2017) https://scholar.smu.edu/scitech/vol20/iss2/17 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Science and Technology Law Review by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. Combatting Fake News: Alternatives to Limiting Social Media Misinformation and Rehabilitating Quality Journalism Dallas Flick* I. INTRODUCTION The continued expansion and development of the Internet has generated a malicious side effect: social media intermediaries such as Facebook and Google permit the dispersion of third-party generated fake news and misin- formation. While the term “fake news” tends to shift in definition, it most frequently denotes blatantly false information posted on the Internet intended to sway opinion.1 The social and political implications for
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Agreement and Disagreement Among Movie Reviewers Alan Agresti & Larry Winner Version of Record First Published: 20 Sep 2012
    This article was downloaded by: [University of Florida] On: 08 October 2012, At: 16:45 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK CHANCE Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ucha20 Evaluating Agreement and Disagreement among Movie Reviewers Alan Agresti & Larry Winner Version of record first published: 20 Sep 2012. To cite this article: Alan Agresti & Larry Winner (1997): Evaluating Agreement and Disagreement among Movie Reviewers, CHANCE, 10:2, 10-14 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.1997.10542015 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with
    [Show full text]
  • Through the Network (Of Networks) – the Fifth Estate* By
    Through the Network (of Networks) – the Fifth Estate* by William H. Dutton Professor of Internet Studies Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford *Prepared for an Inaugural Lecture, Examination Schools, University of Oxford, 15 October 2007. I thank Martin Elton, Linda Frankland, Ellen Helsper, Malcolm Peltu and Juliet Webster for their comments and encouragement to discuss this topic. 1 It is an honour for me to present my inaugural lecture to you, and to do so here in The Examination Schools. This is a special place and – as we all know – place matters. Today, I will focus on how – in Internet time and space – users are able to reconfigure their access to information, people and other resources in new ways that are of major significance for society. The Rise of a Fifth Estate in Internet Time and Space In an earlier era, printing was tied to the rise of the press as a major institution. Its subsequent growing role in conjunction with the development of radio, television and other mass media has created an independent institution in many nations, which has become known as the ‘Fourth Estate’. This has become central to pluralist democratic processes. Today I would like to explain why I believe it would not be an exaggeration to argue that a new form of social accountability is emerging in what I am calling the ‘Fifth Estate’. It is enabled by the growing use of the Internet and related information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as the personal computer and World Wide Web. Essentially, the Internet is enabling people to network with other individuals and with a vast range of information, services and technical resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Talk Radio and Its Impact on Politics and Public Policy
    Mount Rushmore: The Rise of Talk Radio and Its Impact on Politics and Public Policy Brian Asher Rosenwald Wynnewood, PA Master of Arts, University of Virginia, 2009 Bachelor of Arts, University of Pennsylvania, 2006 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Virginia August, 2015 !1 © Copyright 2015 by Brian Asher Rosenwald All Rights Reserved August 2015 !2 Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to the many people without whom this project would not have been possible. First, a huge thank you to the more than two hundred and twenty five people from the radio and political worlds who graciously took time from their busy schedules to answer my questions. Some of them put up with repeated follow ups and nagging emails as I tried to develop an understanding of the business and its political implications. They allowed me to keep most things on the record, and provided me with an understanding that simply would not have been possible without their participation. When I began this project, I never imagined that I would interview anywhere near this many people, but now, almost five years later, I cannot imagine the project without the information gleaned from these invaluable interviews. I have been fortunate enough to receive fellowships from the Fox Leadership Program at the University of Pennsylvania and the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia, which made it far easier to complete this dissertation. I am grateful to be a part of the Fox family, both because of the great work that the program does, but also because of the terrific people who work at Fox.
    [Show full text]
  • Jls 725 Editorial Writing
    EDITORIAL JLS 725 WRITING JLS725 EDITORIAL WRITING Course Code JLS725 Course Title Editorial Writing Course Developer/Writer Andrew Asan Ate. Igbinedion University, Okada, Benin City. Course Editor Mr Oloruntola Sunday Department of Mass Communication, University of Lagos, Akoka. Course Coordinator Chidinma H. Onwubere National Open University of Nigeria Victoria Island, Lagos. Programme Leader Christine I. Ofulue , Ph.D National Open University of Nigeria Victoria Island, Lagos. NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii JLS725 EDITORIAL WRITING National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office National Open University of Nigeria 5, Dar Es Salaam Street, Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse 11 Abuja, Nigeria. e-mail: [email protected] URL : www.nou.edu.ng Published by: National Open University of Nigeria 2008 First Printed 2008 ISBN: 978-058-748-9 All Rights Reserved iii JLS725 EDITORIAL WRITING CONTETS PAGE Module 1……………………………………………………. 1 Unit 1 Meaning of Editorial and Qualities of Good Editorials……………………………………… 1-6 Unit 2 Public Opinion and Editorials...……………… 7-14 Unit 3 Editorials and other Forms of Writing………... 15-21 Module 2……………………………………………………. 22 Unit 1 Sourcing the Editorial Materials……………… 22-27 Unit 2 Editorial Audience and Qualities of Editorial Writers………………………………………... 28-34 Unit 3 Editorial Board………………..……………… 35-40 Unit 4 Techniques in Editorial Writing…. ………….. 41-48 Module 3……………………………………………………. 49 Unit 1 Determinants of Editorial Subjects …………... 49-53 Unit 2 Classification
    [Show full text]
  • The Trouble with the Fourth Estate
    The Trouble with the Fourth Estate Axel Bruns, ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation, QUT [email protected] – http://snurb.info/ – @snurb_dot_info Hello. We’re here tonight to discuss the potential for bloggers to become the new fourth estate – which immediately raises two questions: 1) which bloggers? and 2) what do we mean by fourth estate? Let me start with the first. I think we need to be careful not to overclaim on what the role of bloggers in political discourse is, or can be – and I’ve done my research in this field for the best part of the past decade, and am probably as guilty of overestimating the impact of blogging as the next person. When we’re speaking of bloggers as a potential fourth estate, we’re really mainly speaking of the minority of news and political bloggers, and much less so of the majority of bloggers who cover all manner of other themes, from providing updates on their or their company’s professional activities all the way through individuals blogging on themes like sports, crafts, food, or highly personal matters. From the research that we’ve done in the past few years, in Australia there are probably some 200 bloggers who can be said to deal with news and politics on a regular basis – and that’s already starting to include the so- called ‘bloggers’ on the opinion pages of many newspaper Websites, and the commentary feeds of sites like Crikey and On Line Opinion, which are really far more than simple blogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Million Dollar Baby (Spoiler Warning!)
    University of Central Florida STARS On Sport and Society Public History 2-14-2005 Million Dollar Baby (spoiler warning!) Richard C. Crepeau University of Central Florida, [email protected] Part of the Cultural History Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, Other History Commons, Sports Management Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/onsportandsociety University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Commentary is brought to you for free and open access by the Public History at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in On Sport and Society by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Crepeau, Richard C., "Million Dollar Baby (spoiler warning!)" (2005). On Sport and Society. 703. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/onsportandsociety/703 SPORT AND SOCIETY FOR H-ARETE Million Dollar Baby (spoiler warning!) FEBRUARY 14, 2005 I will start today with a warning, something that perhaps I should do more often. The subject today is the film "Million Dollar Baby." If you have not seen the film and intend to see it you may want to stop reading now. Reading this will reveal things you don't want to know before you see the film. Over the past few weeks "Million Dollar Baby" has become a target of the ultraconservative media types like Rush Limbaugh, Michael Medved, and an assortment of those non-spinners who pile-on at FOX. Once the film picked up a bundle of Oscar Nominations the outcry quickened. If you think this is a film promoting assisted suicide or some other liberal agenda, then you did not see the same film as I did.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Fourth Estate (H.C
    Our Fourth Estate (H.C. Frisbee and other early editors of local newspapers) By Douglas Shepard / Barker Museum Newsletter (Winter 1997) Over the years in this newsletter we have drawn heavily on material from the Censor as well as from the other newspapers serving our region. But, although we have used these sources, we have never actually focused on them for their own sake. Well, we intend to remedy that grievous lack starting right now. Let us begin, like Alice, at the beginning: the “masthead”. If you are an old-timer here, you are so used to it that you probably do not even hear anything odd when we say the name of our main source, the Censor. But stop for a minute and try and imagine what in the world Mr. Frisbee had in mind when he named it in February, 1821. Was he going to carefully not print what he found objectionable in the news? No. Actually, in naming his paper, he was working within a long and venerable tradition. As the nation states of Europe and the British Isles began to shape themselves – and each other – from the Renaissance period on, the need for information began to grow. Large banking establishments and other important cross-border merchant groups began circulating what we would call newsletters or house organs which quickly became important to others outside the group as well. At the same time, increased literacy and improvements in the printing press encouraged the dissemination of court circulars about the official schedule of the monarch and his/her entourage.
    [Show full text]