Jersey’s Coastal Zone Management Strategy

Heritage and Culture

Jersey’s Coastal Zone Management Strategy aims to achieve integrated management of the whole of the Island’s inshore waters out to the Jersey maritime boundary for the first time.

Seymour Tower © Jersey Tourism

1 Contents

1. HERITAGE & CULTURE IN JERSEY...... 4

2. THE POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR HERITAGE AND CULTURE IN THE COASTAL ZONE...... 4 2.1. COUNCIL OF EUROPE CULTURAL CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF EUROPE GRANADA 1985, REVISED VALETTA, 1992 ...... 4 2.2. THE CROWN ESTATE ...... 5 2.3. ISLAND PLANNING (JERSEY) LAW 1964, AS AMENDED...... 5 2.4. ISLAND PLAN 2002 ...... 5 2.5. SHIPPING (JERSEY) LAW 2002...... 6 3. HISTORIC PORTS & COASTAL DEFENCE...... 6 3.1. MILITARY DEFENCE FORTIFICATIONS ...... 6 3.2. HISTORIC PORTS ...... 6 3.3. SEA WALLS ...... 6 4. COASTAL LANDMARKS ...... 7 4.1. (GOREY ) PROJECT ...... 7 4.2. ...... 8 4.3. ST AUBIN’S FORT ...... 8 4.4. LA CORBIÉRE LIGHTHOUSE ...... 8 4.5. LA CAUMINE À MARIE BEST...... 8 4.6. ...... 9 4.7. LE PINACLE...... 9 4.8. LA ROCCO TOWER ...... 9 4.9. COASTAL TOWERS ...... 9 5. THREATS ...... 10 5.1. EROSION...... 10 5.2. SALVAGE / DIVING ...... 10 5.3. FISHING ...... 10 5.4. DEVELOPMENT ...... 10 6. UNDERWATER SITES...... 10 6.1. WRECKS ...... 10 6.2. SINGLE FINDS ...... 10 6.3. SUBMERGED LANDSCAPES...... 10 7. THE MARITIME MUSEUM...... 11

8. THE FRENCH CONNECTION ...... 11 8.1. BOX 1. SETTLEMENT OF ISLANDERS...... 11 8.2. THE GRANVILLE BAY TREATY 1839 ...... 11 9. INTEGRATING HERITAGE AND CULTURE WITHIN JERSEYS COASTAL ZONE ... 12 9.1. AWARENESS AND EDUCATION ...... 12 9.2. COASTAL DEFENCE ...... 12 9.3. DEVELOPMENT AND MINERALS ...... 12 9.4. ENERGY...... 12 9.5. FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE...... 12 9.6. LANDSCAPE AND SEASCAPE...... 13 9.7. MARINE BIODIVERSITY ...... 13 9.8. POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY...... 13 9.9. PORTS, SHIPPING AND TRANSPORT (SEE PAUL TUCKER – PROPERTY SERVICES)...... 13 9.10. RECREATION AND TOURISM ...... 13

2 10. POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR COASTAL AND MARITIME HERITAGE IN JERSEY 14 10.1. SHOULD PROTECTION BE INCREASED FOR COASTAL AND MARITIME HERITAGE SITES?... 14 10.2. HOW CAN INFORMATION ON UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY BE BROUGHT UP TO THE STANDARD OF THAT ON LAND?...... 14 10.3. HOW CAN CONSERVATION OF JERSEYS HERITAGE, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURE BE BETTER PROMOTED TO ENSURE WIDESPREAD SUPPORT FROM BOTH LOCALS AND VISITORS? ..... 14 10.4. EDUCATING YOUNGER LOCAL CHILDREN ABOUT JERSEYS HERITAGE AND TRADITIONAL CULTURE IS ACTIVELY ENCOURAGED. COULD THE CURRENT SERIES OF EVENTS BE IMPROVED UPON? 15 11. PRIORITIES & SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH FOR HERITAGE & CULTURE IN JERSEY...... 15

11.1. RECORDING OF COASTAL AND MARINE DATA...... 15 11.2. SUGGESTED MINIMUM INFORMATION AND/OR DATA REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT (NOT EXHAUSTIVE)...... 15

This topic paper forms one of 11 topic papers, each focusing on an area where interactions take place at the coast. Each paper sets out the topic in question and raises issues for future management and research.

We welcome your comments on all of the papers but particularly sections 10 and 11.

Please send your comments to [email protected] subject heading Coastal Zone Management Strategy Heritage and Culture paper. The papers are also available in PDF format at: www.environment.gov.je

3 This topic paper:

Summarises the current status of coastal and maritime heritage and culture in Jersey and their interaction with other coastal activities;

Invites comment about conserving Jersey’s heritage and culture along the coastal zone.

1. Heritage & Culture in Jersey This topic paper will cover the study of human activity from above the high water mark out to entire Marine Protection Zone together with terrestrial sites that relate to the human exploitation of the sea.

Traces of this activity include wrecks, single finds and submerged structures, together with historic fortifications, ports, harbour structures, industrial sites and coastal defences. These sites form a finite and non-renewable resource of vital importance to the understanding of how Jersey’s coast has been used in the past. It is important to record, study, and conserve it for present and future generations. Equal attention should be paid to the protection of sites both on land and underwater.

2. The Policy Framework for Heritage and Culture in the Coastal Zone. 2.1. Council of Europe Cultural Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe Granada 1985, revised Valetta, 1992 Purpose of the Granada 1985 Convention: To achieve a bilateral cultural Convention between members of the Council as well as to pursue a policy of common action designed to safeguard and encourage the development of European culture. It covers the study of languages, history and civilization which is common to all European states.

The revised convention makes the conservation and enhancement of the archaeological heritage one of the goals of urban and regional planning policies. It is concerned in particular with arrangements to be made for co- operation among archaeologists and town and regional planners in order to ensure optimum conservation of archaeological heritage.

The Convention sets guidelines for the funding of excavation and research work and publication of research findings. It also deals with public access, in particular to archaeological sites, and educational actions to be undertaken to develop public awareness of the value of the archaeological heritage.

4 Finally, the Convention constitutes an institutional framework for pan- European co-operation on the archaeological heritage, entailing a systematic exchange of experience and experts among the various States. The Committee responsible for monitoring the application of the Convention assumes the role of strengthening and co-ordinating archaeological heritage policies in Europe. 2.2. The Crown Estate Jersey is constitutionally a dependency of the British Crown. The Island is not part of the United Kingdom but forms part of the British Islands. The States of Jersey rents the foreshore from the Crown Estate at a cost of £4,500 per annum. The purpose of this rent payable lease is: to give the Island control over our environment and the public full enjoyment of the foreshore. It is stated within the lease that the “… foreshore is an integral part of the Bailiwick of Jersey”. It agrees that the foreshore should be maintained and preserved for all to enjoy. The lease is renewed every 25 years. 2.3. Island Planning (Jersey) Law 1964, as amended Island Planning Law 1964 (as amended) – all land defined includes land covered by water i.e. the seabed is considered as land for planning purposes. The Island Planning (Jersey) Law 1964 – is to be replaced by Planning and Building (Jersey) Law 2002). – to keep the coasts of Jersey in their natural state and to protect, enhance, conserve and to use wisely the natural beauties, natural resources and biodiversity of the Island and to preserve and improve the Island’s general amenities, to confer powers to acquire land for the purposes of the Law, and to make other provisions in similar respects”.

Sub-section 11 1 Designation of Sites of Special Interest The Committee may by Order designate as Sites of Special Interest buildings and places of public importance by reason of– the special archaeological, architectural, artistic, cultural, geological, historical, scientific or traditional interest,

Sub-section 12.8 Protection of Sites of Special Interest Where it appears to the Committee – that the ground at the intended site of special interest contains or is likely to contain anything of archaeological or historical interest which will be disturbed, damaged, destroyed or removed without proper archaeological investigation if such operations are carried out, the Committee may by Act direct that … no person shall, during a period of 8 weeks commencing on the date on which a notice in writing of the Act of the Committee is first served by being affixed to some conspicuous part of the intended site of special interest, carry out any operations which disturb the ground. 2.4. Island Plan 2002 The Island Plan 2002 designates territorial waters as Marine Protection Zone (Policy M1) and sets out the land-use planning framework to the limit of Jersey’s Territorial Seas (i.e. out to the 12-mile limit). Policies M2-M6 refer to the protection of the local coast and marine waters and the biodiversity it supports.

5 The 1998 interim Historic buildings policies are due to be superseded by policies G11, G12 and G13 of the Island Plan 2002.

G11 Site of Special Interest: whereby Sites of Special Interest will be designated for protection in recognition of importance of their special architectural, archaeological, artistic, historical, scientific, or traditional interest that attaches to a building or place. There will be a presumption against development that would have an adverse impact on the special character of a Site of Special Interest. G12 The Planning and Environment Committee will normally require an archaeological evaluation to be carried out for development proposals which may affect archaeological remains. G13 There will be a presumption in favour of the preservation of the architectural and historic character and integrity of registered buildings and places. 2.5. Shipping (Jersey) Law 2002 It is an obligation that the finder of a wreck must inform the Receiver of Wreck of the find and its location. Failure to do so is an offence under the Shipping (Jersey) Law 2002, and may result in the forfeit of any claim and a fine.

3. Historic Ports & Coastal Defence 3.1. Military Defence Fortifications It is not only the extensive German defences built during WWII that depict a legacy of Jersey’s history of war and conflict. Fortifications were built much earlier to protect the Island from French invasion can be seen dotted along the coastline, for example, Fort Leicester, Le Câtel; L’Etacquerel; Grève de Lecq Barracks; St Aubin’s Fort; Elizabeth Castle and Mont Orgueil contribute to Jerseys varied coastal heritage. 3.2. Historic Ports Pre 1700 the had few man-made harbours: St Peter Port in was the one established port in the Channel Islands. Various attempts were made to construct a pier at Gorey during the middle ages but these could not withstand the formidable tide and decayed rapidly. A principal quay was built in the southeast of the Island at St Aubin in 1790. The Oyster industry boom post 1815 led to the establishment of a reconstructed port area at Gorey in 1816-1817 and the development of St Helier harbour in 1853.

St Catherine’s Bay was built as a harbour of refuge, by decision of the British government under the pretence that it would serve as a place of refuge for merchant ships during storm conditions. However, along with Braye Bay in Alderney, the harbours were intended as naval bases to observe French activity. 3.3. Sea Walls In 1941, the German High Command ordered that Jersey be defended against as part of their concept of an ‘Atlantic Wall’ to the Third Reich: St Ouen’s being a critical landing point if the Allies were to attack. The Germans

6 numbered the seawalls that they constructed around the Island e.g. PzM 1 to 5 (St Ouen’s Bay) and PzM 7 (St Aubin’s Bay (JEP 30-03-95). During WWII the Germans designed a 5km seawall along the 8km stretch of St Ouen’s Bay as a form of military defence, under-estimating the immense natural impact the velocity of the impounding waves from the North Atlantic would have. A much higher wall exists along a section of St Aubin’s Bay which was constructed in order to shelter coal trains from attack by the sea. It is believed that the Germans intention was to construct 8,000 metres of seawall around the Island, however, when the Island was liberated in 1945, 5,000 metres were left unfinished.

A 1946 edition of the JEP (October 22nd) contained an article on the seawall at St Ouen’s, stating that the original shingle bank served the same purpose as the seawall i.e. protecting the land from impending erosion. However, the Germans destroyed the natural shingle bank in order to use the material to construct a higher seawall for military defence purposes.

It has been noted that pre-war, the seawalls lining St Ouen’s Bay were built of granite and not concrete, proving more suitable due to their “durability and aesthetic qualities”. Pre WWII seawalls were not constructed in many areas due to more than adequate natural forms of defence. However, it could be the case that had there not been a 6m high wall constructed, properties may not have been later built so close to the shoreline and that St Ouen’s Pond (La Mare au Seigneur) would probably have expanded into a much greater marsh and wetland area and hence an even more prolific wildlife haven due to the natural retreat of the coastline from continuous pounding from the sea.

4. Coastal Landmarks The States of Jersey have granted funding for the refurbishment and letting of historic buildings in States ownership for holiday lets. A business plan has been developed from which nine sites have been identified so far. The objective of the business plan is to devise a scheme for improving public access to historic sites whilst ensuring continued maintenance and conservation. The sites have been chosen on the grounds of their remote coastal location. Other selection criteria were that the sites must: • Be available for work to take place • Must provide a mix of rental type – serviced and stone tent’ • Reflect the diversity of Jerseys history • Be available to let for rent or hire in 2006 4.1. Mont Orgueil (Gorey Castle) Project The Trust aims for this Project are to restore and conserve Mont Orgueil, broadening use and access to the public whilst providing education and interpretation to all visitors, illustrating the 800-year history. A Conservation Plan examines the significance of a site. It is used as a tool to take into account, for example, surrounding landscape and ecology. A Conservation Plan has been developed for the Castle and is being adhered to. The Plan is continually updated and takes an integrated approach to heritage management by discussing plans with local stakeholders and taking

7 into consideration for example, tourism issues and impact on / wear and tear of infrastructure.

Plate 1. Mont Orgueil © Jersey Tourism 4.2. Elizabeth Castle Elizabeth Castle was constructed during the 1590s in order to protect St Helier, (amplified an existing gun platform built during the 1550s to provide additional protection to St Aubin’s Fort), when it became apparent that Mont Orgueil in the east was not the only part of the Island open to potential attack. Originally named the ‘New Castle’, it was home to Sir whom renamed it with its name today. In addition, to barracks and a square, the castle contained a hospital and a small church, L’Hermitage. During the occupation, the Castle was reinforced with additional gun emplacements. Outside of the existing Castle grounds, landing stages are evident and can be seen at low water. A Conservation Plan to conserve Elizabeth Castle and its surrounding area has recently been produced. 4.3. St Aubin’s Fort St Aubin’s Fort was built in the 1540 prior to the construction of Elizabeth Castle and currently serves as an outdoor education facility, used for example, as a sailing school for the Education Committee. 4.4. La Corbière Lighthouse Constructed in 1873 by the States of Jersey, Corbière Lighthouse was the first lighthouse in the British Isles to be made from reinforced concrete. Four keepers managed the running of the lighthouse, until it became automated in 1976. 4.5. La Caumine à Marie Best La Caumine à Marie Best is an 18th century powder magazine acquired by the National Trust for Jersey in 1975 (see Plate 2). It is a

proposed Site of Special Interest. Plate 2. La Caumine à Marie Best © Jersey Tourism

8 4.6. Grosnez Castle

Plate 3. Grosnez Castle © Jersey Tourism

Grosnez Castle is thought to have been built during the early part of the 14th Century, and although little is known about its history, it is thought that is was used to shelter local people and their livestock when the Islands western areas were subject to raids by French pirates. The Castle was captured in 1461 and by 1485 was dismantled due to the cessation of the French raids. The most spectacular views can be seen from this landmark. 4.7. Le Pinacle Le Pinacle stands almost 61metres tall, is located between L’Etacq and Grosnez, and has been a ceremonial site for many years. It is one of the most important pre-historic sites in the Channel Islands, its earliest deposits date back to the Neolithic period (4800BC) and continue up to the Gallo- Roman period (c. 200AD). 4.8. La Rocco Tower A fortified tower constructed as a form of defence during the Napoleonic Wars (early 19th century), La Rocco Tower was given its name due to the topographic nature of the Island and its surrounding marine waters: translating as Rocque-hou, or rocky Island. It was severely damaged during the occupation but was restored in 1972. 4.9. Coastal Towers In 1778, Henry Seymour Conway was granted permission to construct a series of 30 towers to protect the Islands from French attack. , situated approximately 2.4 kilometres from La Rocque Point was built after the 1781 invasion by the French, who used this area as their initial landing point!

9 5. Threats 5.1. Erosion Coastal erosion is recognised as a potential threat to historic sites. However, there is little data available of the effect of archaeological sites of sea-bed impacts such as marine aggregate extraction, dredging, trawling and natural processes. Potential damage to underwater sites by tide and wave erosion causing movement of the seabed is less understood. Previously known wrecks can be exposed and new ones uncovered. However, wrecks can also be exposed to damage. Many of the towers on the southeast coast are close to the high water line and the exposed sea walls of the towers are subject to extreme weather conditions such as wind blown sand eroding parts of towers dressed with soft brick. 5.2. Salvage / Diving The vast majority of divers respect the sea and artefacts of value found within it, however, there is the potential for some divers to remove items of value or interest. This is a cause for concern as not all artefacts removed from the seabed are recorded or properly conserved. 5.3. Fishing Fishing such as beam trawling, has the potential to damage known sites but also to uncover previously unrecognised sites. 5.4. Development Development within the marine and intertidal areas has the potential to damage archaeological sites.

6. Underwater Sites 6.1. Wrecks Due to high shipping volumes and a long history of sea-faring, wreck numbers are likely to be high. 392 wrecks were found in Alderney, Guernsey and Sark waters as listed by historian John David in 1962, had the number of wrecks found within Jersey’s territorial waters been included, this figure would have doubled 6.2. Single Finds Single finds is a term applied to those objects which are found seemingly unrelated to any other historic underwater artefact. They may have been lost overboard or as a result of other activity. 6.3. Submerged Landscapes Submerged landscapes can inform us about the rise in sea-level and just as importantly, any historic site is likely to contain well preserved organic material. Remnants of a submerged forest can be found along St Ouen’s Bay at low tide.

10 7. The Maritime Museum The maritime museum is located in a historic granite warehouse along the commercial port of St Helier. The museum holds an expansive collection covering Jersey’s maritime history and illustrates Islanders’ relationship with the sea over the past 8,000 years. The museum includes a large aquarium and focuses on three main areas, the elements, the boats and the people, and contains traditional and contemporary artefacts and information, including many interactive tools for all ages, some reflecting Jerseys traditional native language Jèrriais. Visitors to the museum can see, hear and touch the marine artefacts from over the years and at the same time learn about the weather, tides, currents and other natural forces. The artefacts and information boards stress the significance of the local fishing industry throughout the Islands history.

8. The French Connection 8.1. Box 1. Settlement of Islanders When Vikings or ‘Northmen’ settled on the Island during the 9th Century, they named Jersey, and in turn took its name from these settlers. Three centuries on, 1204 witnessed the fall of Rouen and Jersey was torn between keeping its allegiance to John, King of England and Duke of Normandy and switching its allegiance to Philippe Auguste of France. Jersey remained allied with England. During the 15th Century, the War of the Roses saw the French cross Jerseys waters and seize Mont Orgueil. The French ruled over the Island for seven consecutive years prior to the Castle being regained by the English. During the 18th Century a series of towers, batteries and redoubts were constructed around Jersey’s coastline in an attempt to ward off any potential invasion by the French. However, a French invasion was imminent, with an attempted invasion in 1779. The De Rullecourt raid in 1781 led to the culmination of the two forces in Jerseys Royal Square, the barbaric confrontations entitled the (1781).

8.2. The Granville Bay Treaty 1839 The boom in the Oyster industry during the early 19th Century led to the construction of Gorey harbour (as previously mentioned) and the development of Gorey village. Mont Orgueil harbour developed as the significant port in Jersey to accommodate the boom in the oyster industry, and the first fisheries negotiations between Jersey and France dates back to 1824 in order to regulate the oyster fishery. The maritime boundary finally established within the 1839 Treaty is shown on the chart below. It was vital to establish a maritime boundary to clarify limits of jurisdiction for fishery patrol vessels. The agreement that exists today is the result of many years of negotiation between Jersey, UK and French authorities. Although completed in 2000, it took another four years to enact legislation and enforce in each country. See Fisheries and Marine Resources topic paper for more information.

11 9. Integrating Heritage and Culture within Jerseys Coastal Zone 9.1. Awareness and Education Coastal archaeological sites and the bays themselves are excellent sources to learn about how the Island was shaped, by what processes and how and where our ancestors came from. Discovery Pier is a marine interpretation centre based within the old but still operating Gorey Harbour customs office. Another coastal interpretation centre in the Island is . The Tower explains some of the success stories of managing the Islands countryside (the Tower is to undergo refurbishment during the winter of 2005). St Aubin’s Fort, Elizabeth Castle, Mont Orgueil, Grève de Lecq Barracks and Noirmont Headland are also sites of historic interest which are accessible to the public. 9.2. Coastal Defence The Islands harbours and breakwaters and coastal historic buildings all contribute to part of Jersey’s heritage and culture. When maintaining existing coastal defences’ archaeological interests must be taken into consideration. Conservation Statements inform the future management and maintenance of all sites of historic and cultural interest. 9.3. Development and Minerals Land reclamation aided by aggregate infill, has altered the Islands coastline, impacting upon scenic value. Views of Elizabeth Castle have been compromised due to recent development. Simon Sand and Gravel Ltd have conditions on extraction. Whereby an archaeological investigation must be permitted prior to any extraction taking place. 9.4. Energy Energy technologies should take into consideration the historical and aesthetic value of structures when being developed and in operation. 9.5. Fisheries and Aquaculture Fishing and to a certain extent aquaculture, play a large part in traditional Island life for both commercial and recreational purposes. Historic interests are illustrated through legislation such as Loi (1894) Sur La Coupe et La Peche des Vraics and the Pecheries a Ronez: Limites.

Vraicing marks at St Ouen’s Bay relate to the 1894 law, in order that the removal of vraic from the shoreline was equally distributed amongst local farmers. Between eight to nine of these marks are visible during low-tide at St Ouen’s Bay; the most recent is visible during low-tide at L’Etacq. Nourrices are the discreetly placed, man-made rock pools which can be found at Rozel, and L’Etacq, which were used to keep catches alive before selling Oyster ponds used for the ongrowing of oysters were established at Green Island by the Jersey Oyster Company during the last century, remnants of which are still visible.

12 Some redundant bunkers along the coast have been adopted to support the modern day fishing industry, for example the turbot farm at St Catherine’s Bay and Faulkner Fisheries at L’Etacq. 9.6. Landscape and Seascape The heritage and culture of the Island has shaped the landscape and seascape as we know it today both onshore and offshore. For example, the coastal towers; old harbour walls; St Catherine’s Breakwater; and Corbière Lighthouse are all structures which contribute significantly to the seascape.

The coastal landscape provides us with much information concerning the Islands history. Jersey’s geological coastline apparent today has been shaped since the pre-historic era by changes in sea-level, coastal, wave, tidal and wind erosion and anthropogenic influences. 9.7. Marine Biodiversity The natural vegetation of our landscape was altered thousands of years ago – and the heathland which developed has played a major part in the Islands economy, providing a rich source of fuel, bedding and pasture. Hundreds of plants and animals depend on these conditions, yet this traditional management no longer takes place as our standard of living has risen. Fossils and peat beds can indicate the historical development and change of the flora and fauna since the retreat of the ice of the last glaciation about 15- 20 000 years ago. 9.8. Pollution and Environmental Quality Limited intervention. 9.9. Ports, Shipping and Transport (see Paul Tucker – Property Services). As an Island, Jersey’s maritime heritage is a prominent part of its history. In addition, the harbours play a key part in Island life for both commercial and recreational purposes. Jersey Harbours is entrusted by the States to maintain the historic ‘out of town’ harbours which are used by fishing and recreational vessels. These cannot be operated on a modern commercial basis, but still need to be managed and maintained as part of the character of the island and to serve their local communities. 9.10. Recreation and Tourism Recreation Anglers often like to fish near wrecks due to the rich wildlife that they can attract. However, it is rare that anglers affect a wreck.

Divers have a significant role to play in exploring existing wrecks and discovering new ones. However, there remains the potential for damage to be done to the wreck. Tourism Intertwined with our rural heritage and natural beauty is Jerseys status as a holiday destination. Although in recent times Jerseys popularity as a destination has reduced, some of the Islands most successful recent tourism events have revolved around outdoor pursuits such as walking festivals, encouraging visitors to enjoy the Islands natural heritage. Even the current

13 promotion of Jersey for active sports is supported by a high quality environment

10. Policy Directions for Coastal and Maritime Heritage in Jersey 10.1. Should protection be increased for coastal and maritime heritage sites? Supplementary Planning Guidance by the Environment and Public Services Committee is currently in its draft form and relates to whether: Underwater sites are or should be given the same conservation status as those on land. If so, how would the Planning and Environment Department go about classification of e.g. wrecks? There is enough attention being given to coastal heritage when the impacts of coastal defence and offshore developments are assessed. What approach should be taken to protect and record heritage sites threatened by erosion? There is a need to encourage more responsible wreck diving. If so, how could we achieve this? 10.2. How can information on underwater archaeology be brought up to the standard of that on land? The Environment and Public Services Department has a service level agreement with the Jersey Heritage Trust to develop a maritime heritage site database:

How can divers, fishermen and amateur archaeologists and all those with a shared interest be involved in contributing to a maritime heritage sites database? How can those with similar interests be bought together to identify suitable projects and ensure that all research is carried out in a uniform and responsible manner? 10.3. How can conservation of Jersey’s heritage, archaeology and culture be better promoted to ensure widespread support from both locals and visitors? Coming from a small Island where the coast is easily accessible, many locals take an active pride in Jersey’s heritage, however, some may not fully understand the impacts their actions may have on archaeological sites.

Jersey Tourism has produced a series of leaflets promoting Jersey, one of which is heritage. Can more be done to promote maritime awareness amongst locals? Is the current level of promotion sufficient or could it be improved upon? If so, how would this be implemented? The National Trust and Jersey Heritage Trust plan programmes in various capacities. Is there scope to have better co-ordination of programmes between the different heritage groups? The Jersey Heritage Advisory Panel meets every five months. How could information about coastal and marine heritage be better publicised?

14 Is there a broader scope for marine ecological heritage to be researched? 10.4. Educating younger local children about Jersey’s heritage and traditional culture is actively encouraged. Could the current series of events be improved upon? Is archaeological work monitored and controlled up to Jersey’s 12-mile limit? How could heritage areas which require research be identified? How could individuals with expertise in heritage be engaged to ensure the work is carried out adhering to strict preservation controls?

11. Priorities & Suggestions for Further Research for Heritage & Culture in Jersey 11.1. Recording of coastal and marine data. Jersey Archive (under the Jersey Heritage Trust), Société Jersiaise and the Environment Department have built up a wealth of information regarding Jersey’s maritime history, tracing back hundreds of years. This information, along with documents held by local individuals is being brought together under one database, and will be managed by the Jersey Heritage Trust on behalf of the Environment and Public Services Committee. The database is currently under development and contains conservation statements on various coastal fortifications, designating some of the fortifications as SSIs. In addition to recording visual data, it is crucial that Jersey’s Maritime heritage lifestyle and traditional phrases are captured by speaking to and gleaning information from, for example, Jersey’s traditional fishermen.

11.2. Suggested Minimum Information and/or Data Required for Effective Management (not exhaustive)

Existing Information / data Geographic Data that could be Information/Data in other not currently Information easily converted Databases available System Layers to GIS (GIS) Records of maritime Harbours Ship building Société Jersiaise - have a archaeology / areas WWII data Quarry sites document illustrating the of archaeological Nourishes (viviers) development of Jersey’s importance Reef ownership harbours & the line of Wreck sites seawalls for coastal defence. An historic environment database containing registered historic buildings is currently being transferred to GIS.

15 List of Plates and Figures Introductory Plate: Seymour Tower © Jersey Tourism. P.1 Plate 1. Mont Orgueil © Jersey Tourism. P.8 Plate 2. La Caumine à Marie Best © Jersey Tourism. P.8 Plate 3. Grosnez Castle © Jersey Tourism. P.9

Acknowledgements This paper has been developed by Kathryn Fleming, Consultant, under the direction of the Coastal Zone Management Strategy Steering Group, which comprises the following members of the Environment Department: Sarah Le Claire (Policy & Project Manager), Dr Simon Bossy (Sea Fisheries Advisor), Mike Freeman (Principal Ecologist), Greg Morel (Fisheries Officer – Research & Development); and Sarah Price (Jersey Harbours); Sue Daly (Consultant); and Andrew Syvret (Pinnacle Marine Ltd).

The Group gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following people who all have dedicated precious time in contributing to the publication of this document: Fiona Smith and Roger Hills (Planning Division of E&PS) and Doug Ford and Olga Finch (Jersey Heritage Trust).

References A People of the Sea: A Maritime History of the Channel Islands. Jamieson, A.G (ed)., 1986. Methuen, London Forts and Towers Development Strategy 2005-2008. Fortifications Review Group, 2005. States of Jersey Jerseys Historic Coastal Fortifications, 1700-1850: A Conservation Statement and Shipwrecks of the Channel Islands. Ovenden, J and Shayer, D., 2002. Howitt Offshore, Guernsey. Strategic Review. Brown, A & Lane, B, 2004. University of Bristol. Strategic Plan 2005-2010. States of Jersey, 2005. States of Jersey The Conway Towers of Jersey: A Conservation Study. Smith, F. M, 2005. Unpublished MA dissertation, University of Bristol The Jersey Island Plan 2002. Planning and Environment Committee, 2002. States of Jersey The State of Jersey: a Report on the Condition of Jerseys Environment. Environment and Public Services Committee, 2005. States of Jersey

Associated websites www.env.gov.je www.jerseyheritagetrust.org www.jersey.com www.europa.eu.int www.un.org

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