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Aggregate?Pinheiro Et Al
610 Why do the ithomiines (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) aggregate?Pinheiro et al. Notes on a butterfly pocket in central Brazil 1 2 3 Carlos E. G. Pinheiro , Ísis Meri Medri & Ana Karina Moreyra Salcedo 1Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brasil. [email protected] 2,3Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Depto. de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brasil. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Why do the ithomiines (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) aggregate? Notes on a butterfly pocket in central Brazil. This study provides information on the species composition and the number of butterflies in different phases of an ithomiine aggregation during the 2004 dry season in central Brazil, and tests some hypotheses concerning the pocket formation. The results obtained suggest that ithomiine pockets constitute primarily an adaptation of butterflies to the adverse climatic conditions of the dry season, such as high temperatures and low air relative humidity, rather than the occurrence of large concentrations of adult food resources (flowers visited for nectar were not found in the pocket site) or defense against visually hunting predators (contrary to the prediction tested, the frequency of butterflies bearing birds beak marks on the wings significantly increased along the period of pocket formation, especially in the case of Mechanitis polymnia, the most abundant species in the pocket). Other hypotheses concerning the pocket formation are also discussed. KEYWORDS. Beak marks; insectivorous birds; ithomiine pockets; Müllerian mimicry. RESUMO. Por que os Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) se agregam? Observações sobre um bolsão de borboletas no Brasil central. Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a composição de espécies e o número de indivíduos encontrados em diferentes fases de formação de um bolsão de Ithomiinae investigado na estação seca de 2004 em uma floresta de galeria do Brasil central, e testa algumas hipóteses relacionadas à formação do bolsão. -
Rev Iss Web Mec 13773 25-22 5765..5784
Molecular Ecology (2016) 25, 5765–5784 doi: 10.1111/mec.13773 Into the Andes: multiple independent colonizations drive montane diversity in the Neotropical clearwing butterflies Godyridina NICOLAS CHAZOT,*† KEITH R. WILLMOTT,‡ FABIEN L. CONDAMINE,§¶ DONNA LISA DE-SILVA,* ANDREV.L.FREITAS,**GERARDOLAMAS,†† HELENE MORLON,‡‡ CARLOS E. GIRALDO,§§ CHRIS D. JIGGINS,¶¶ MATHIEU JORON,*** JAMES MALLET,††† SANDRA URIBE‡‡‡ and MARIANNE ELIAS* *Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite, ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 57 rue Cuvier CP50, F-75005 Paris, France, †Department of Biology, University of Lund, 223 62 Lund, Sweden, ‡McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, §CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (Universite de Montpellier), Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France, ¶Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, T6G 2E9 Edmonton, AB, Canada, **Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, S~ao Paulo, Brazil, ††Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, ‡‡IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, UMR 8197 CNRS, Paris, France, §§Grupo de Investigacion de Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Catolica de Oriente, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia, ¶¶Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, ***Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE, UMR 5175 CNRS – EPHE – Universite de Montpellier – Universite Paul Valery Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier 5, France, †††Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, ‡‡‡Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellın, Medellın, Colombia Abstract Understanding why species richness peaks along the Andes is a fundamental question in the study of Neotropical biodiversity. -
Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae)
STUDIES ON THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF NEOTROPICAL ITHOMIINE BUTTERFLIES (NYMPHALIDAE: ITHOMIINAE) by GEORGE WILLIAM BECCALONI A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy ofthe University ofLondon October 1995 Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory Centre for Population Biology Department of Entomology Imperial College The Natural History Museum Silwood Park Cromwell Road Ascot London SW7 5BD Berkshire SL5 7PY 2 To my mother, Benjie & Judy in love and gratitude 3 ABSTRACT Two aspects ofthe ecology ofNeotropical ithomiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) are discussed: mimicry (Chapters 2, 3) and species richness (Chapters 4, 5). Chapter 2 defines eight mimicry complexes involving ithomiines and other insects found in eastern Ecuador. These complexes are dominated by ithomiine individuals. Hypotheses to explain polymorphism in Batesian and Mullerian mimics are assessed. In Chapter 3, evidence that sympatric ithomiine-dominated mimicry complexes are segregated by microhabitat is reviewed. Data confirm that sympatric complexes are segregated vertically by flight height. Flight height is shown to be positively correlated with larval host-plant height. Host-plant partitioning between species in a butterfly community results in the formation of microhabitat guilds of species, and evidence suggests that mimicry may evolve between species which share a guild, but not between guilds. Models for the evolution of mimicry complexes in sympatry, and for polymorphism and dual sex-limited mimicry in Mullerian mimics, are discussed in the light of these findings. Chapter 4 investigates relationships between species richness offamilies and subfamilies ofNeotropical butterflies and overall butterfly species richness at local and regional scales. A strong positive correlation is demonstrated between ithomiine richness and the species richness of all other butterflies. -
2,5-Dialkyitetrahydrofurans, Common Components of the Cuticular Lipids of Lepidoptera Stefan Schulz2, George Beccalonib, Ritsuo Nishidac, Yves Roisind, R
2,5-DialkyItetrahydrofurans, Common Components of the Cuticular Lipids of Lepidoptera Stefan Schulz2, George Beccalonib, Ritsuo Nishidac, Yves Roisind, R. I. Vane-Wrightb, Jeremy N. McNeil6 a Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany b Department of Entomology British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom c Pesticide Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-01, Japan d Faculte des Sciences C. P. 160, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium e Departement de biologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, P. Q., G1K 7P4, Canada Z. Naturforsch. 53c, 107-116 (1998); received October 22/November 17, 1997 Lipids, Tetrahydrofurans, Cyclic Ethers, Lepidoptera, Cuticula In more than 50 lepidopteran species 2,5-dialkyltetrahydrofurans were identified as com ponents of the cuticular lipids. The chain length of these compounds varies between C25 and C37 and both cis- and rram-compounds are present. In addition, previously unknown 2-alkyl- 5-(l-hydroxyalkyl)tetrahydrofurans were found in some species. The identification procedure and synthesis of representative compounds are reported. Introduction Lepidoptera and discuss their identification and the synthesis of new derivatives. The cuticle of insects is covered with a lipid layer the primary function of which is to prevent Material and Methods desiccation. Cuticular lipids can consist of hy drocarbons (the major group of compounds in Samples, analysis and sample preparation most species), alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, wax We studied the cuticular lipids of adult male esters, and fatty acids. In addition, dialkyl ethers, butterflies of over 50 species, collected from dif glyceride ethers or triglycerides have been found ferent sources worldwide (Table I). -
Hybridization of Limenitis in the Western Great Basin (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
. Vo. 6 No. 2 1999 BOYD et al: Western Great Basin Limenitis Hybrids 37 HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 6(2): 37-74 HYBRIDIZATION OF LIMENITIS IN THE WESTERN GREAT BASIN (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) BRET M. BOYD1, BRUCE M. BOYDM, GEORGE T. AUSTIN2, AND DENNIS D. MURPHY3 '207 Valley Forge Avenue, Henderson, Nevada 89015; 2Nevada State Museum and Historical Society, 700 Twin Lakes Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89107; 3Dept. of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557; ••Research Associate, Nevada State Museum and Historical Society, Las Vegas, Nevada 89107, USA ABSTRACT.- The distribution and nature of sympatry and interaction of Limenitis weidemeyerii, Limenitis lorquini, and their "fridayi" hybrid were investigated in the ( southwestern Great Basin during 1996-1998. L. weidemeyerii is univoltine, L. lorquini is at least bivoltine, and "fridayi" showed a peak flight corresponding to the peak flight of L. weidemeyerii and the first brood of L. lorquini. This "Mono" hybrid zone extends from the Wassuk Range in western Nevada to several canyons on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada (Devils Gate Summit to Lee Vining Creek) in eastern California where these Limenitis inhabit streamside willow associations. L. weidemeyerii occurs as pure populations to the east and L. lorquini occurs to the north, west, and south of the hybrid zone. The hybrid zone has a general east to west gradient of decreasing proportions of L. weidemeyerii and increasing proportions of L. lorquini', hybrids are most common at intermediate locations. The trend varies somewhat, in part due to the convoluted axis of the hybrid zone with several subaxes and the geographical proximity of populations of one or the other parentals. -
Lepidoptera Diversity of an Ecuadorian Lowland Rain Forest1
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Neue Entomologische Nachrichten Jahr/Year: 1998 Band/Volume: 41 Autor(en)/Author(s): Racheli Tommaso, Racheli Luigi Artikel/Article: Lepidoptera diversity of an Ecuadorian lowland rain forest (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae) 95- 117 -9 5 - Lepidoptera diversity of an Ecuadorian lowland rain forest1 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae) by Tommaso Racheli & L uigi Racheli Introduction Faunistic lists are a very important tool for several fields in biological researches. We must stress however that comparisons of faunistic lists of different sites are always difficult to be made due to differences in area size, to divergence in classification, and to the differences of the operators techniques. Therefore it is often uneasy to deal with sets of data and to compare the results. None the less, surveys and comparisons of butterflies in selected sites of the Neotropical realm seem to be very popular nowadays (Lamas , 1983a, 1983b; Lamas et al., 1991; Raguso & Llorente , 1991; Austin et al., 1996; Balcazar , 1993). They are particularly aimed at gathering sets of data tor conservation purposes and at identifying hotspots of endemicity. Dramatic is the lacking of published long-term surveys on moths in limited areas of the Neotropics. Unexpectedly, no recent faunistic lists of Ecuadorian butterflies have appeared except that of Ma- quipucuna Reserve on the western side of the country (Raguso & G loster , 1996). Having observed butterflies, Saturniids and Hawkmoths for almost 15 years in Ecuador, as Clench (1979) suggests, the time is arrived to submit a survey of these taxa occuring in an Amazonian area of Ecuador. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Sensory Ecology of Ithomiine Butterflies: signal quality, strategy and relative importance (Ithomiini spp.) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7110x1d7 Author Gonzalez-Karlsson, Adrea Susan Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Sensory Ecology of Ithomiine Butterflies: signal quality, strategy and relative importance (Ithomiini spp.) A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology by Adrea Gonzalez-Karlsson 2016 © Copyright by Adrea Gonzalez-Karlsson 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Sensory Ecology of Ithomiine Butterflies: signal quality, strategy and relative importance (Ithomiini spp.) by Adrea Gonzalez-Karlsson Doctor of Philosophy in Biology University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Gregory F. Grether, Chair Ithomiine butterflies form large multispecies aggregations, the formation of which is mediated by pheromones. In ithomiiine butterflies, males require secondary plant metabolites to produce pheromones but those same compounds reduce longevity. Males transfer pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), exogenous plant compounds, to females during copulation. Male Greta morgane butterflies that feed longer on alkaloid-containing plants are preferred by females. Both male Mechanitis polymnia and Greta morgane butterflies fed a diet containing PAs had a shorter lifespan than males fed a diet without PAs indicating a trade-off between survival and reproduction. Despite the importance of chemical cues to mate choice, within multispecies aggregations, ithomines use visual cues initially in conspecific discrimination. However, ithomiines do rely more heavily on chemical cues in discriminating between conspecifics and heterospecific co-mimics. -
Recent Literature on Lepidoptera
1958 The Lepidopterists' News 213 RECENT LITERATURE ON LEPIDOPTERA (Under the supervision of PETER F. BELLI ~GER) B. SYSTEMATICS & NOMENCLATURE Agenjo, R., "Consideraciones sobre el estudio de las formulas cromosomicas en los lepidopteros y sobre todo en el complejo de formas del grupo Plebejus (Lysandra) roridon Poda can la deocripcion de tres nuevas subespecies" [in Spanish]. Grarllsia, vol. 14: pp. 1-15, 1 pI. 1956. Describes as new P. l'. menendez-pelayoi (La Florida, 450 m., Santander), "P. C. albicans burgalesa" (Villaverde, 870 m., Burgos), "P. c. albirans eSleparina" (Estepar, 810 m., Burgos). Discusses use of chromosome' number in classification in this group. Prefers to include albicans under coridon in spite of difference in haploid chromosome number. Figures all Spanish races in color. [P.B.] Agenjo, R., "Monografia del genero Narrago Wlk. (Lep. Geom.)" [in Spanish]. Eos, vol. 32: pp. 7-56, 3 pis., 15 figs., 1 map. 1956. Describes as new N. isabel (Puebla de Don Fadrique, 1164 m., Granada). Redescribes genus & other 3 spp. in great detail; map shows records from all parts of Palearctic regi'Jn. [P.B.] Agenjo, Ramon, "Antwort an Herrn G. Meyer betreffs tibngiinge in del' Genitalar matur van Bryophilia algce (Fabricius, 1775) und ihrer forma pal/ida (Bethune Baker, 1894). (Lep., Phal:en.)" [in G erman]. Zeilsrizr. ',vieTler ent. Ges., vol. 42: pp. 192-197, 1 pI. 1957. Describes and figures examples of (l; genitalia transitional between these forms, which are regarded by Meyer as good spp. [Po B.] Agenjo, R., "Monografia de las especies espafioles de la familia Lymantriid:e Hampson, 1892, con especial referencia a las de interes forestal" [in Spanish]. -
BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol
BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol. 24 No. 1 SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN MUSEUM CENTER NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Vol. 24 No. 1 bol.cient.mus.his.nat. Manizales (Colombia) Vol. 24 No. 1 270 p. enero-junio ISSN 0123-3068 ISSN: 2462-8190 de 2020 (Impreso) (En línea) ISSN 0123–3068 (Impreso) ISSN: 2462-8190 (En línea) -Fundada en 1995- BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO Nueva periodicidad semestral CENTRO DE MUSEOS Tiraje 150 ejemplares Vol. 24 No. 1, 270 p. MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL enero-junio, 2020 Manizales - Colombia Rector Alejandro Ceballos Márquez Vicerrector Académico Marco Tulio Jaramillo Salazar Vicerrectora de Investigaciones y Postgrados Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Zuluaga Vicerrector Administrativo Manuel Humberto Jiménez Ramírez Vicerrectora de Proyección Universitaria Patricia Salazar Villegas Decano Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Elvira Cristina Ruíz Jiménez Directora Centro de Museos Carolina Salguero Mejía Boletín Científico Revista especializada en estudios Centro de Museos de Historia Natural y áreas Museo de Historia Natural biológicas afines. Director Julián A. Salazar E. Médico Veterinario & Zootecnista (MVZ). Universidad de Caldas, Centro de Museos. Indexada por Publindex Categoría A1 Zoological Record SciELO Index Copernicus Scopus Cómite Editorial Cómite Internacional Ricardo Walker Ángel L. Viloria Investigador, Fundador Boletín Biólogo-Zoólogo, Ph.D., Centro Científico Museo de Historia Natural, de Ecología, IVIC, Venezuela Universidad de Caldas Tomasz Pyrcz Luis Carlos Pardo-Locarno Entomólogo, Ph.D., Museo de Ingeniero Agronómo, Ph.D., MSc., Zoología Universidad Jaguellónica, CIAT Palmira, Valle Polonia John Harold Castaño Zsolt Bálint MSc. Programa Biología, Biologo, Ph.D., Museo de Historia Universidad de Caldas Natural de Budapest, Hungría Luís M. Constantino Carlos López Vaamonde Entomólogo, MSc., Centro de Ingeniero Agrónomo, Entomólogo, Investigaciones para el café MSc., Ph.D., BSc. -
Evolution of Host Repertoires and the Diversification of Butterflies
Evolution of host repertoires and the diversification of butterflies Mariana Pires Braga Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Ecology at Stockholm University to be publicly defended on Friday 15 February 2019 at 10.00 in Vivi Täckholmsalen (Q-salen), NPQ-huset, Svante Arrhenius väg 20. Abstract All herbivorous insects are specialized to some extent to their host plants, but the level of specialization varies greatly. Insect-plant coevolution is often invoked to explain the large diversity of herbivorous insects, but the role of specialization during diversification is still controversial. Although well-studied, our understanding of the evolution of species interactions is still improving, and recent theoretical developments have highlighted the role of generalization (via colonization of new hosts) on diversification. In this thesis, various approaches are combined for a detailed study of the origins of macroevolutionary patterns of host use and butterfly diversity. Chapter I provides a mechanistic basis for such patterns through simulations of lineages evolved in silico. By separating the effects of the number of hosts used by a parasite lineage and the diversity of resources they encompass, we found that resource diversity, rather than host range per se, was the main driver of parasite species richness in both simulated and empirical systems. In Chapter II, we combined network and phylogenetic analyses to quantify support for the two main hypothesized drivers of diversification of herbivorous insects. Based on analyses of two butterfly families, Nymphalidae and Pieridae, we found that variability in host use is essential for diversification, while radiation following the colonization of a new host is rare but can produce high diversity. -
Lista De Lepidoptera Do Parque Ecológico Felisberto Neves, Betim, Minas Gerais Lepidoptera Checklist from Felisberto Neves Ecological Park, Betim, Minas Gerais
1 Araujo & Paprocki Lista de Lepidoptera do Parque Ecológico Felisberto Neves, Betim, Minas Gerais Lepidoptera Checklist from Felisberto Neves Ecological Park, Betim, Minas Gerais Mercia Caroline de Araújo¹, Henrique Paprocki² ¹Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Campus Betim, Rua do Rosário, 1081, Bairro Angola, Betim, Minas Gerais, CEP32604-115, [email protected]. ²Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 290, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, CEP30535-901, [email protected]. ABSTRACT: This study offers a butterfly’s checklist from Felisberto Neves Ecological Park in Betim, Minas Gerais. The samplings occurred in October 2013, with a total sampling effort of 20 hours, divided into four samples, during the morning period. 66 individuals were identified in 23 species belonging to four families: Hesperiidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae and Papilionidae. The low species richness is expected in an urban forest fragment as Felisberto Park. However, the results suggest a trend towards increasing number of species with increased sampling effort. This work also provides photographies of the recorded species that can be used as a field guide. Keywords: butterflies; biodiversity; inventory. RESUMO: Este estudo dispõe uma lista de borboletas do Parque Ecológico Felisberto Neves em Betim, Minas Gerais. As amostragens ocorreram no mês de outubro de 2013, totalizando um esforço amostral 20 horas, distribuídas em quatro coletas, no período matutino. Foram coletados 66 indivíduos, distribuídos em 23 espécies de quatro famílias: Hesperiidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae e Papilionidae. A baixa riqueza de espécies é esperada em um fragmento de mata urbano como o Parque Felisberto. Contudo, os resultados sugerem uma tendência ao aumento da riqueza com o aumento do esforço amostral.Este trabalho também fornece fotografias de espécies registradas, sendo útil como um guia de campo. -
For Review Only
Page 1 of 76 Molecular Ecology 1 Into the Andes: multiple independent colonizations drive montane diversity in the 2 Neotropical clearwing butterflies Godyridina 3 4 Running title: Multiple colonizations into the Andes 5 6 Nicolas Chazot1,2, Keith R. Willmott3, Fabien L. Condamine4,5, Donna Lisa de-Silva1, André 7 V.L. Freitas6, GerardoFor Lamas 7, ReviewHélène Morlon8, Carlos Only E. Giraldo9, Chris D. Jiggins10, 8 Mathieu Joron11, James Mallet12, Sandra Uribe9, Marianne Elias1 9 10 1. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN 11 UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier 12 CP50 F-75005, Paris, France. 13 2. Department of Biology, University of Lund, 223 62 Lund, Sweden. 14 3. McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 15 University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. 16 4. CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (Université de Montpellier), Place 17 Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France. 18 5. University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, AB, 19 Canada. 20 6. Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, 21 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. 22 7. Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. 23 8. IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 8197 CNRS, Paris, France. 24 9. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia. 1 Molecular Ecology Page 2 of 76 25 10. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. 26 11. Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE, UMR 5175 CNRS - EPHE - 27 Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier 5, France.