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Prestonia:Calongea.Qxd 11/06/2010 09:43 Página 13 2232_Prestonia:calongea.qxd 11/06/2010 09:43 Página 13 Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 67(1): 13-21 enero-junio 2010 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2232 Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XL: sinopsis del género Prestonia (Apocynoideae, Echiteae) en Ecuador por J. Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apartado Postal 22-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica. [email protected] Resumen Abstract Morales, J.F. 2100. Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales Morales, J.F. 2100. Studies in neotropical Apocynaceae XL: XL: sinopsis del género Prestonia (Apocynoideae, Echiteae) en synopsis of the genus Prestonia (Apocynoideae, Echiteae) in Ecuador. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid. 67(1): 13-21. Ecuador. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid. 67(1): 13-21 (in Spanish). Se presenta una sinopsis del género Prestonia (Apocynaceae, A synopsis of the genus Prestonia (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae, Apocynoideae, Echiteae) en Ecuador: en total se registran 15 es- Echiteae) in Ecuador is presented and 15 species are reported. A pecies. Se incluye una clave para las especies, datos de distribu- key to species, distributional data, discussion of relationships, ción, discusión de las afinidades con las posibles especies afines and representative specimen citations for each province are pro- y se cita un espécimen representativo para cada provincia. Adi- vided. An illustration of the enigmatic P. schumanniana Wood- cionalmente, se incluye una ilustración de P. schumanniana son, known only from the type collection, is also included. Pres - Woodson, un enigmático taxón conocido sólo por el tipo. Pres- tonia purpurissata Woodson, P. phenax Woodson, P. peregrina tonia purpurissata Woodson, P. phenax Woodson, P. peregrina Woodson y P. vallis Woodson are reduced to the synonymy of Woodson y P. vallis Woodson se reducen a la sinonimia de P. an- P. annularis (L. f.) G. Don and Echites pallidus Miers to the syno - nularis (L. f.) G. Don y Echites pallidus Miers bajo el sinómino nymy of P. mollis Kunth. Lectotypes are designated for Hae- P. mollis Kunth. Se designan lectótipos para Haemadictyon to- madictyon tomentellum Benth., Prestonia phenax Woodson, mentellum Benth., Prestonia phenax Woodson y P. plumierifolia and P. plumierifolia Markgr. A neotype is designated for P. val- Markgr. Se designa un neótipo para P. vallis Woodson. lis Woodson. Palabras clave: Apocynoideae, Echiteae , Ecuador, neotrópico, Keywords: Apocynoideae, Echiteae, Ecuador, Neotropics, Pres- Prestonia. tonia. Introducción Monachino, 1943, 1944; Fallen, 1983; Hansen, 1985; Leeuwenberg, 1994; Morales, 1997, 1999), así el lista- Ecuador es uno de los países más pequeños de Amé- do publicado en el Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de 2 rica del Sur, con un área aproximada de 238000 km . Ecuador (Jørgensen & León-Yánez, 1999), el cual A pesar de su tamaño relativamente pequeño, posee compila la mayoría de la información publicada en los más de 16000 especies de plantas presentes en su te- tratamientos anteriores (complementado por Ulloa rritorio, con más de 4000 especies endémicas (Jørgen- Ulloa & Neill, 2005). En el caso del género Prestonia sen & León-Yánez, 1999). Aunque existe el proyecto (Apocynoideae, Echiteae), la última monografía del de la “Flora of Ecuador” en desarrollo, el cual ha pu- género (Woodson, 1936), registra cuatro especies para blicado varios tratamientos para diferentes familias, las el país (todas endémicas para ese entonces), mientras Apocynaceae s.s. aún no han sido tratadas, de manera que el trabajo de Potgieter & Zarucchi (1999) registra que las únicas referencias son las diferentes mono- un total de 13 táxones, cuatro de ellos endémicos. grafías, que tratan de manera parcial los géneros pre- Estudios filogenéticos (p.e., Livshultz & al., 2007) sentes en el país (p.e., Woodson, 1933, 1935, 1936; sugieren que Prestonia en su sentido tradicional es 2232_Prestonia:calongea.qxd 11/06/2010 09:43 Página 14 14 J.F. Morales polifilético, pero ante la carencia de más estudios mo- leculares con un muestreo más intenso que nos permi- tan definir una circunscripción monofilética para el género, trataremos Prestonia como una sola unidad. Materiales y métodos Debido a que la investigación de áreas poco conoci- das ha generado nuevas colecciones y un mejor cono- cimiento sobre los rangos de distribución de especies poco recolectadas y ya que con posterioridad al traba- jo de Potgieter & Zarucchi (1999) han sido publicadas varias novedades, que incluyen nuevos táxones y sino- nimia nomenclatural (p.e., Morales, 2004 a, b, 2006), se presenta una sinopsis del género Prestonia en Ecua- dor. Se reconoce un total de 15 especies (con sólo una endémica). En esta sinopsis para cada especie se citan datos de distribución, se discuten las relaciones con las espe- cies morfológicamente más relacionadas y se cita un espécimen representativo para cada provincia. En la sinonimia, sólo se citan nombres que hayan sido usa- dos anteriormente en Ecuador o que representen nue- vos sinónimos. En la clave y las discusiones de cada es- pecie, el ancho de los sépalos es medido en su punto más ancho, sea la base o su región medial. Para facili- tar el uso de la clave, los principales caracteres mor- fológicos de las flores se muestran en la Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Caracteres morfológicos de las flores de Prestonia. A, En el Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Ecuador P. tomentosa. B-D, P. portobellensis: a, corona anular; b, lóbu- (Potgieter & Zarucchi, 1999) se registran dos especies los coronales; c, anteras (con los lóbulos coronales removidos); basadas en identificaciones erróneas, las cuales no se d, cáliz con un sépalo removido, mostrando el coléter en la base; conocen aún de otro modo en ese país. Estos táxones e, nectario anular, envolviendo el ovario. son Prestonia riedelii (Müll. Arg.) Markgr. (S de Brasil, S de Perú, Bolivia, Paraguay y N de Argentina), cuyo testigo [Brandbyge & Asanza 31452 (AAU, QCA)] co- 3. Tubo de la corola con lóbulos coronales interiormente, los ló- rresponde a Prestonia trifida (Poepp.) Woodson, y P. bulos coronales conspicuos .............................................. 4 robusta Rusby (Perú y Bolivia), cuyo testigo [Gentry & 4. Hojas variadamente hirsutas o hirsútulas en la superficie aba- Josse 72840 (F, MO, QCNE)] debe ser identificado xial, el indumento variadamente erecto y relativamente rígi- como P. rotundifolia K. Schum. ex Woodson. do ............................................................. P. ipomaeifolia 4. Hojas densamente tomentosas en la superficie abaxial, el in- Sinopsis taxonómica dumento suave, adpreso y no rígido ............. P. tomentosa 5. Sépalos 1-3(4) mm de largo, el ápice usualmente reflexo ...... CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO PRESTONIA ........................................................... P. quinquangularis PARA ECUADOR 5. Sépalos 6-22 mm de largo, el ápice no reflexo .................. 7 7. Lóbulos coronales profundamente incluidos dentro del tubo 1. Tallos y hojas variadamente pubescentes, indumento denso y de la corola, insertos aproximadamente en la mitad de la lon- de color amarillento al secar; coléteres interpeciolares cons- gitud del tubo de la corola, los ápices mucho más cortos que picuos .............................................................................. 2 los ápices de las anteras .................................................... 8 1. Tallos y hojas glabros a glabrescentes, indumento si presen- 7. Lóbulos coronales apicalmente exsertos o levemente incluidos, te, esparcido, inconspicuo y diminuto, nunca de color amari- llento; coléteres interpeciolares inconspicuos .................... 5 insertos cerca de la boca de la corola, los ápices más largos o 2. Tubo de la corola 4-6 mm de largo; sépalos 2,5-6(7) × 1-1,5 casi al mismo nivel que los ápices de las anteras ................... 9 mm ............................................................... P. parviflora 8. Brácteas florales escariosas, 1-5 × 0,5-1 mm; lámina foliar fir- 2. Tubo de la corola más de 9 mm de largo; sépalos 7-12(17) × memente membranácea a subcoriácea; bosques muy húme- 2,5-4 mm ......................................................................... 3 dos ................................................................. P. annularis 3. Tubo de la corola sin lóbulos coronales internamente, reduci- 8. Brácteas florales foliáceas, 7-11 × 3-4 mm; lámina foliar deli- dos a crestas callosas ............................. P. schumanniana cadamente membranácea; bosques secos ....... P. parvifolia Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 67(1): 13-21, enero-junio 2010. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: 10.3989/ajbm. 2232 2232_Prestonia:calongea.qxd 11/06/2010 09:43 Página 15 Prestonia en Ecuador 15 9. Hojas membranáceas a delicadamente membranáceas, tud, formando una conspicua base campanulada (lo usualmente delgadas y frágiles al secar; venas terciarias in- que ocurre ocasionalmente sólo en P. haughtii Woodson conspicuas o no impresas; sépalos usualmente con venas y P. rotundifolia) y las inflorescencias y ramitas jóvenes longitudinales evidentes ............................................... 10 9. Hojas subcoriáceas, usualmente rígidas al secar; venas ter- con un indumento denso, diminuto y ferrugíneo. ciarias impresas y conspicuas; sépalos usualmente sin venas Especímenes representativos examinados longitudinales evidentes o si presentes ......................... 11 ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: cuenca del río Coango, entre el 10. Brácteas florales usualmente 4-5 × 0,5-1 mm, escariosas e río Tsuirim y Numpatkain, 27-X-1999
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