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WENTWORTH WEBSTER (1828-1907) Egilea: PATRI URKIZU BIZITZA ALBISTEAK LABURZKI

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WENTWORTH WEBSTER (1828-1907) Egilea: PATRI URKIZU BIZITZA ALBISTEAK LABURZKI WENTWORTH WEBSTER (1828-1907) Egilea: PATRI URKIZU BIZITZA ALBISTEAK LABURZKI Irudian ikusten dugun bizar luze eta lanetan hasi zen handik bi urtera urdindun hori apaiz protestante bat da. Cliford-en (Somerset). Bidaiatzea ere Ingelesa eta euskaltzalea gainera. maite zuenez, Eskozia, Alemania eta Ingalaterra aldean Middlexe-ko Suitzan barrena ibili ondoren 1858an Uxbridge-n jaio zen 1828ko ekainaren Azores uharteak, Rio de Janeiro eta 1 26an, hain zuzen, eta Euskal Herriko Buenos Aires bisitatu zituen. Eta Saran urte ugari bizi ondoren 1907ko Europaratutakoan 1861an apaiz oso apirilaren 2an hil zen, Donibane bilakatu zen eta eliza-jardunak Lohizuneko kanposaindu anglikanoan betetzera Pirinio alderantz jo. hobiratu zutelarik. Gazte ikasketak Brighton-go eskola pribatu batean egin zituen, eta 21 urtera iristerakoan Oxford-eko Lincoln College-n Unibertsitate mailakoak burutu, Master of Arts titulua lortuz. Ikastetxe hau, jakina den bezala, 1427an eraikia izan zen eta gaur oraindik hobeto kontserbatzen diren goi-eskoletarikoa da, XV. mendeko aurrealde eta barneko kalostrak ia bere-berean dirautelarik. Jon Wesley-k, erlijio metodista asmatu eta sortu zuenak ere, bertan ikasi zuen, eta honen gelak egun kapera bilakatu bide dira. Unibertsitate tituluaz horniturik, 1852an zientzia-etxe hura utzi zuen, deliberaturik apaiz protestante egitea. Diakono ordenatu eta zegozkion Wentworth Webster (1828-1907) Bechienia etxea Philippe Veyrin-ek egindako irudi batean. 2 Ingeles koloniak Donibane- Bagnères-de-Bigorre-n aurkitu zuen -Lohizunen 1869an eliza anglikanoa emaztetzat hartuko zuena eta bainu- eraiki zuenean, bertako lehen kapelau -hiri honetan bizi ondoren Miarritzen izendatu zuten. Hantxe lan egin zuen kokatu zuen egoitza. 1862-1863. 1882a arte. Bellevue alargunaren urteetan Egipton barrena ausartu zen, Dajieu-baita etxean bizi zen, eta 1864an Euskal Herrian kokaturik txolarteetan euskal gaiez artikuluak edireten dugu jadanik, eta ekainaren idatziz, ipuinak bilduz alargunaren 20an Larrañeko herrixkan Rixard ahoz, eta besteak beste geroago beldurgabe pastorala ikuskatzen. Hendaiako apaiz izango zenaren Horren berri Londreseko Mac-Millan’s alargunaren semeari latina eta inglesa Magazine aldizkarian eman zuen irakatsiz. Gazte-gaztetandik, ordea, hurrengo urtarrilean Hurt anderearekin osasun ahul eta eskaseko zenez, hobe batera sinatuz. Halaber, oraindik beharrez egoitza Sarako herri argitaragabe dirauen ingeles itzulpena baketsuan kokatu zuen, Lembizkai ere (Tragedy of Richard, the Fearless, auzoko Bechienia izeneko etxe Duke of Normandy) burutu zuen. ederrean. Bechienia gaur egun. 3 zuten, eta semeak Oxforden bezala alaba batek Cambridgen aurkitu zuen lan irakasle gisara. Hemen urte mordoxka igaro ondoren Izaeraz apal, atsegin, langile eta –mende laurdena zehazki hitz emankor zenez, bere liburutegi egiteko–, lanean eta zenbait aberatsa beti irekita zegoen adiskide euskaltzalerekin harremanetan eta euskaltzaleentzat. Eta adibidez, (Abbadia, Elizanburu, Manterola, bere bitartekaritzari esker etorri ziren Urquijo...) Krespotegi izeneko etxean bai Hugo Schuchardt Grätz-eko –gaur Mendibista deitu ostatuan–, hizkuntzalari ospetsua Sarako euskara eman zuen azken arnasa. ikastera eta aztertzera, bai eta Familia oparoa izan zuen. Lau alaba Ingalaterrako lehen ministrari izan zen eta seme bat. Denek euskara ikasi Gladstone Euskal Herria bisitatzera. IDAZLANAK Hirurogeita bostean hasi zen –ez Linguistique et de Philologie dugu lehenagoko lanen berri–, eta hil comparée, Revue des Études arte liburu eta artikulu ugari idatzi Anciennes, Revue du Béarn et du zituen (une foule d´articles Pays Basque), eta Espainian (Boletín 4 éphémères, hamaika artikulu de la Academia de la Historia, Boletín iraungaitz, dio berak) ingelesez, de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza, frantsesez eta gaztelaniaz, batik bat España regional, Euskalzale, Euskal Euskal Herriko gaiez mintzatuz, Erria, Euskalerriaren Alde, La Ingalaterran (Anglican Church Ilustración católica, Revista Magazine, Athenaeum, Cornhill contemporánea, Revista crítica de Magazine, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Historia y Literatura Españolas, ...). English Historical Review, Fortnightly Hori dela eta garaiko jakintsu eta Review, Journal of the Gypsy Lore euskalari gehientsuenekin harreman Society, Journal of the Anthropological estuak izan zituen, bere gutuneria Institute, Mac-Millans Magazine, The aberatsak adierazten digunez. Gutun Antiquary, The Swiss Anglican hartzaile eta igorle batzuk soilik Magazin, The Journal of the aipatzekotan hona zenbait izen: Anton Anthropological institute of Great Abbadia, Louis Lucien Bonaparte, Britain, The Pyrenean, The Season, Karmelo Etxegarai, Jose Manterola, The Treasury of languages, The Marzelino Menendez Pelayo, John Academy...), Estatu Batuetan Rys, Hugo Schuchardt, Julio de (Encyclopaedia of Religion and Urquijo, Julien Vinson... Ethics...), Frantzian ( Bulletin de la Société Ramond, Bulletin de la Société Argitaratu zituen obra nagusiak des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de hauexek izan ziren: Basques Legends Bayonne, Bulletin de la Société de (1877), Spain (1882), Some features of Borda, Bulletin Hispanique, Bulletin de Modern Romanism (1890 ing.), Pierre Biarritz Association, La Nouvelle d’Urte-ren Grammaire Cantabrique Revue, La Réforme Sociale, La Basque (1900), Les loisirs d´un Tradition au Pays Basque, Revue de Étranger au Pays Basque (1901), eta Gleaning in Church History, chiefly in INGLES EUSKALARI Spain and France (1903). AITZINDARIAK Bere liburutegiko eskuizkribu zenbait Errenazimenduarekin batera hasi Baionako Herri Liburutegira iragan ziren Europako herri ezberdinen ziren, ezen galdetu ziotenean ea hizkuntzetara itzultzen Biblia. Bide Parisekoan ala Baionakoan nahi zituen honetan ez zen atzeratuenetakoa izan utzi, bere erantzuna Euskal Herrian euskara, zeren Joanes Leizarragak eta uzteko izan zen, Dulaney, Hiriart eta bere taldeak, Joana Albretekoa Ducéré jaunekin zordun baitzen, Nafarroako erreginaren aginduz, 5 Baionako liburutegian bertan hainbat euskaratu eta 1571n plazaratu ikerketa burutua zenez (1904-X-10eko baitzuen Rochellan Testamentu Berria. gutuna). Hauek noski, euskal Zertxobait beranduxeagokoak dira literaturaren historiarako harri bitxi welsheraz B. Lhoyd apezpikuaren eder eta prezios dirateke, hala nola ardurapean egin Bibliaren itzulpena legendak eta antzerkiak, besteak (Oxford, 1610), edota gaelikoz William beste. Bedelek eginikoa (Londres, 1685). XVII. mendean Plunkett delako batek –Olivier Plunkett (1629-1681) artzapezpiku eta Irlandako elizaren buru izatera iritsi zenak, eta bere zelo handiagatik traizio akusaziopean epaitu eta Londresen hil zutena ote?–, latin-ingeles-euskara hiztegitxo bat idatzi zuen. Orijinala Dublingo Trinity College-ko liburutegian aurki daiteke. Beste hizkuntzalari eta zientzia-gizon ospetsua Edward Lhwyd (1660-1709) dugu, Ashmoleo Erakustegiko kontserbatzailea eta aipatu Trinity-ko liburuzaina. Jakintsu hau 1696an Lhwyd’s News kazeta argitaratzen hasi zen. Gobernuaren aurka panfleto bat Rixard, Normandiako Dukea pastoralaren ingeles itzulpena. idazteagatik gartzeleratua ere izan zen, baina ez zuen iraun presondegian denbora luzez. Garaiko zientzialari Honen hitzaurrean David Wilkins gehientsuenekin bazuen gutun (1685-1745) orientalista eta Lambeth harremanik (Hans Sloane, Londreseko jauregiko liburuzainak dioskun bezala, British Museum-eko liburutegiaren aurkezten diren euskarazko hiru Aita sortzaileetarikoa eta Royal Society-ko Gure ezberdinak bat Leizarragaren buru izatera iritsi zenarekin, Williams Testamentu Berria-tik (1571), bestea Jones matematikariarekin, Wyne eta Joanes Haranbururen Debocino Perry natur zientzia-gizonekin... ) eta escuarra, miraila eta oracinoteguia...-tik utzi zituen eskuizkribuetarik bat (1635), eta hirugarrena Pierre d’Urte 6 argitaratu nuen duela urte batzuk. Hau donibandarrak emandakoak dira. hiztegitxo poliglota bat da, hots, Hainbat hizkuntzatan ageri otoitzaren euskara-latina-ingelesa eta gaelikoa. bitartez frogatu nahi zen haien arteko Nabari da bere obra nagusienean, nonbaiteko ahaidetasuna, hala nola Archaelogia Britannica, ... (1707), guztien artean hebraierak zeukan hizkuntza zeltak eta euskara lehentasuna. Euskara hor egotearen ahaidetzat jotzen zituela, eta mendeko arrazoia Lhwyd-en ideiei jarraikiz ideiei jarraikiz, esaten digu, eskoziera, hizkuntza zeltekin zeukan lotura eta irishera, euskara eta espainiera harremanean zetzan, noski. zaharra hitz zerrenda batzuen medioz Dena den, eta XIX. mendean zenbait (batetik hamarrerako zenbakiak ikerketa bide horretatik joan arren, aski adibidez) frogatzen bide denaren frogaturik gelditu zen, usteak uste, arabera izter-lehengusuak direla. bide oker eta ustela zela hori, eta XX. Beste eruditu bat John mendean Koldo Mitxelenak bereak Chamberlaine (1666-1723) –Gorka, eginez Charles Boudak eta Nils M. Danimarkako printzearen ganbarazain Holmerrek eginiko azterketa sakon eta izan zena–, bere aita Edouard-en kritikak honako ondoriora iristen da, bideari jarraitu ziona Angliae Notitiae... alegia, irudipenezkoak baizik ez direla, 1692, argitaratzen. Haren liburuen orain arte behintzat multzo hori, artean aurkitzen da Amsterdamen guztiori ahaidetasun kontuan biltzen hizkuntza anitzetara itzulirik plazaratu duen lokarria. zuen Oratio Dominica... (1715), hau da, Gure Aita..., ekialdeko hizkuntzetan adituek egindako itzulpenak bilduz. BASQUE LEGENDS (London, 1877) Webster izan genuen euskal literaturaren lehen zabaltzaileetarikoa Ingalaterran. Esan dugunez, jada 1865ean aipatu zituen pastoralak Londreseko kazeta batean. Geroago, biltze
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