DOCSLIB.ORG

Roman Catholic Missionaries and La Mission Ambulante with the Métis, Plains Cree and Blackfoot, 1840-1880

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Roman Catholic Missionaries and La Mission Ambulante with the Métis, Plains Cree and Blackfoot, 1840-1880 Les missionnaires sauvages: Roman Catholic missionaries and la mission ambulante with the Métis, Plains Cree and Blackfoot, 1840-1880 Mario Giguère Department of History McGill University, Montréal Submitted August 2009 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of M.A. in History. This thesis is copyright © 2009 Mario Giguère Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-66115-4 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-66115-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n’y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Abstract This thesis is concerned with the study of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate and their interactions with the Métis, the Plains Cree and the Blackfoot in the prairie region of North America’s North-West. Particular emphasis is placed on la mission ambulante or the bison hunt mission. Although historians have commented on la mission ambulante as an itinerant strategy or tactic in areas where Aboriginal people were more nomadic than settled, it has seldom been analyzed in any detail, much less as a process where changes to the mission occurred reciprocally with the colonization of Aboriginals. This thesis examines the intellectual and economic trends that have affected the cultures, spiritualities and identities of Plains communities from 1840-1880. Cette thèse de maîtrise examine les missionnaires Oblats de Marie Immaculée et leurs interactions avec les Métis, les Cris des Plaines et les Pieds-Noirs dans la région du Nord-Ouest de l’Amérique du Nord. La mission chez les chasseurs de bison, autrement dit la mission ambulante, sera analysée en détail dans cette étude. Les historiens ont souvent décrit la mission ambulante en étant une stratégie ou une politique visant l’évangélisation des peuples autochtones plus itinérants que sédentaire. Par contre, elle n’a jamais été analysée comme un processus d’échange culturel et religieux qui a affecté les missionnaires autant que les Autochtones. Cette étude examinera des courants intellectuels et économiques qui ont affecté les cultures, les croyances et les identités des communautés des plaines entre 1840-1880. Acknowledgements I will begin by thanking the professors who have guided me through this thesis. First and foremost, I would like to thank to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Elizabeth Elbourne, for her openhanded support and hospitality throughout the whole project. Her knowledge and expertise has helped me immensely. Second, I would like to thank Dr. Catherine Desbarats who has offered me a year-long tutorial course during my first year of study at McGill. This contributed to my understanding of native and newcomer relations in North America. As chair of the French Atlantic History Group, she also welcomed me to a number of conferences, and she has generously agreed to read excerpts of this paper. Third, I would like to thank Dr. Gerhard Ens at the University of Alberta for helping me develop my interest in la mission ambulante and the Oblate missions of the North-West. He helped me compile a bibliography to begin the project. He also welcomed me with open arms to the Western Canadian Studies Conference in 2008. A special thank you is extended to the archivists Diane Lamoureux and André Dubois, OMI, of the Oblates. This thesis would not have been possible without their permission to consult the collections at the Provincial Archives of Alberta and the Archives Deschâtelets. In addition to their assistance in retrieving documents, their knowledge about the Oblates is priceless. Furthermore, I would also like to thank Rev. James L. Holland, OMI, and the parishioners at the Sacred Heart Church of the First Peoples in Edmonton, Alberta. Their informal conversations helped me place my research into context. I would also like to thank my friends Stefan Duret, Scott Baptist, Dylan Hackenbrock, Justin Kingston, Danielle Russell, Albert Nolette and Matthew Létourneau for putting me up in their homes while I was performing research in Edmonton and Ottawa. Nor can I forget my former roommates Véronique Giguère and Justin Lachance in Montréal. My parents Marcel Giguère and Lyne Grégoire, as well as my brother Patrick, deserve the utmost recognition. I cannot thank them enough for their never-ending support, for without them, this thesis would not have been possible. My gratitude knows no bounds. I was lucky to receive the financial assistance from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Canada Graduate Scholarship Program—Master’s Scholarship. This award has helped me cover the expenses of travel and reproductions during research as well as the cost of student living. Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements 1. Chapter One: Introduction & Literature Review 21. Chapter Two: “Une belle mission, […] à ne pas manquer:” The Roman Catholic Church in the North-West 46. Chapter Three: “Tu es bien l’homme de Dieu c’est toi que j’ai vu dans mon rêve:” Missionizing the Métis 84. Chapter Four: “Quand le dernier bison sera mort:” The Amerindian Missions 131. Conclusion 134. Appendices 142. Bibliography 1 Chapter One: Introduction and Literature Review Introduction In order to examine some of the complex cross-cultural interactions of Aboriginal peoples in the North American fur trade region known as the North-West, this Master‟s thesis will examine the actions of Roman Catholic missionaries from Lower Canada and France— particularly the Oblates of Mary Immaculate—as they accompanied Métis, Plains Cree and Blackfoot bands on their bison hunts across the prairies. The missionaries named this type of action la mission ambulante or la mission à la prairie. These were missions defined by the bison hunt that contrasted sharply with the itinerant missions and sedentary lifestyle that missionaries knew from their countries of origin. The bison hunting mission was especially popular among the Métis, who had requested priests for their bi-annual hunts since the 1820s. It occurred also with the Plains Cree and the Blackfoot bands during the years1860-1880—a period of great change and transition for the indigenous communities. During this time, Aboriginal groups were coping with the decline of bison populations, the spread of devastating epidemics, as well as the end of the fur trade economy, all of which led to the signing of numbered treaties, the establishment of reserves, and the consolidation of Canadian government sovereignty over the land that would become a European-settled agricultural West. Naturally, la mission ambulante ended with the near extinction of the northern and last herd of wild bison, since it embraced the itinerant lifestyle of Aboriginal bison hunters. The setting of the pre-settlement North-West figures little in the scholarship of world mission history, and needless to say, the role played by Roman Catholic missionaries in the British Empire has been neglected. It is my opinion that both are telling examples of the interconnections that existed between missions and Empire and thus the part played by missionaries as imperialists. From a Eurocentric perspective, the North-West can be seen as a foil to the more „successful‟ missions of South Africa, India and Asia: given local conditions such as the sprawling grasslands, dispersed indigenous populations and the immutable fur trade calendar, few permanent mission stations were established in the North-West. Indeed, Roman Catholic missionaries found that their cultural concepts were difficult to transpose because the beginning, frequency and duration of their missions were dictated by indigenous lifestyles. 2 Therefore, the missionaries had little success in radically transforming indigenous cultures towards sedentary Western European norms. Roman Catholic missionaries competed with British Protestant missionaries in the North- West. The missionary Oblates were alien to British forms of colonialism because most of them arrived from France. They displayed different sorts of cultural practices and arrangements to their Aboriginal audiences, and perhaps not surprisingly, they locked horns with Anglican and Methodist ministers as these Protestant denominations each expanded their ecclesiastical structures. Nonetheless, Roman Catholic missionaries were major players in the process of colonialism as it unfolded in the North-West. Moreover, there were striking similarities in terms of Aboriginal agency between the Northwestern Roman Catholic missions of the prairie North- West and other world missions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Alberta Perceptions and Parameters of Education As A
    University of Alberta Perceptions and Parameters of Education as a Treaty Right within the Context of Treaty 7 Sheila Carr-Stewart A thesis submitted to the Faculîy of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Administration and Leadership Department of Educational Policy Studies Edmonton, Alberta spring 2001 National Library Bibliothèque nationale m*u ofCanada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographk Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. nie Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Oîîawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantid extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenirise de celle-ci ne doivent êeimprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation . In memory of John and Betty Carr and Pat and MyrtIe Stewart Abstract On September 22, 1877, representatives of the Blackfoot Confederacy, Tsuu T'ha and Stoney Nations, and Her Majesty's Govemment signed Treaty 7. Over the next century, Canada provided educational services based on the Constitution Act, Section 91(24).
    [Show full text]
  • The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel Anderson, Timothy Anderson, T. (2016). The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28389 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3317 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Statesmanship of Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel by Timothy Douglas Anderson A THESIS SUMBITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2016 © Timothy Douglas Anderson 2016 ii ABSTRACT How might we better understand the Canadian regime? This inquiry provides a review of a moment in Canadian political history and its statesmen that stands as an example of the practice that shaped Canadian nationhood. Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel were the only “Fathers of Confederation” to meet in pitched battle. Their conflicts between 1869 and 1885 shaped two separate and core elements of the Canadian regime: English-French and East-West tensions. Through a lens of statesmanship, this inquiry analyzes the thoughts and actions of these two men.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Albert, Cradle of the Catholic Church in Alberta
    CCHA, Report, 32 (1965), 29-35 St. Albert, Cradle of the Catholic Church in Alberta Sister M. M. CÔTÉ, S.G.M. Foyer Youville, St. Albert, Alta. On the northern border of Edmonton in the valley of the Sturgeon River lies the modern town of St. Albert. Its hills, now overspread with mossy green lawns, are dotted with comfortable homes of variegated hues. But a hundred and five years ago, these same hills were covered with deciduous and evergreen forests, the haunt of fur-bearing animals. Not a single humain being, as far as anybody knows, had ever settled in the tranquil valley. Yet, it was this very spot that was to become the centre of Catholicism in that section of our country now known as Alberta. Before we unfold our story, however, we must, like the coureurs de bois of old, like the buffalo hunters of the time, wander over the prairies in quest of a setting. The great western tract of land from the Hudson Bay to the Pacific, from the United States to the Arctic, known to the French voyageurs as les pays d’en haut, was the property of the Hudson Bay Company. Its inhabitants were 15,000 Métis eking out a day-to-day existence by hunting and fishing.1 Some had acted as rowers for the great fur company, but, with the introduction of the river steamer in the early nineteenth century, they had been left without employment. Except for a few who had settled on farms in the neighborhood of Red River (St.
    [Show full text]
  • Синергистички Ефекат Блокаде Il-33/St2 И Pdl/Pd-1 Осовина На Прогресију Мишјег Карцинома Дојке
    УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У КРАГУЈЕВЦУ ФАКУЛТЕТ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ НАУКА Марина Јовановић Синергистички ефекат блокаде IL-33/ST2 и PDL/PD-1 осовина на прогресију мишјег карцинома дојке ДОКТОРСКА ДИСЕРТАЦИЈА КРАГУЈЕВАЦ, 2021. UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Marina Jovanovic Synergistical effect of IL-33/ST2 and PDL/PD-1 blockage in a mammary carcinoma Doctoral Dissertation KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. Идентификациона страница докторске дисертације Аутор Име и презиме: Марина Јовановић Датум и место рођења: 21.11.1991. Ћуприја Садашње запослење: Клинички центар Крагујевац, специјализант оториноларингологије Докторска дисертација Наслов: Синергистички ефекат блокаде IL-33/ST2 и PDL/PD-1 осовина на прогресију мишјег карцинома дојке Број страница: 138 Број слика: 55 (53 графикона, 2 табеле) Број библиографских података: 312 Установа и место где је рад израђен: Факултет медицинских наука у Крагујевцу Научна област (УДК): Медицина Ментор: Проф. др Иван Јовановић, ванредни професор Факултета медицинских наука Универзитета у Крагујевцу за уже научне области Микробиологија и имунологија, Онкологија Оцена и одбрана Датум пријаве теме: Број одлуке и датум прихватања теме докторске/уметничке дисертације: IV-03-65/21 од 04.09.2019. године Комисија за оцену научне заснованости теме и испуњености услова кандидата: 1. Проф. др Небојша Арсенијевић, редовни професор Факултета медицинских наука Универзитета у Крагујевцу за уже научне области Микробиологија и имунологија; Онкологијa, председник 2. Проф. др Гордана Радосављевић, ванредни професор Факултета медицинских наука Универзитета у Крагујевцу за ужу научну област Микробиологија и имунологија, члан 3. Доц. др Милан Јовановић, доцент Медицинског факултета Војномедицинске академије Универзитета одбране у Београду за ужу научну област Хирургија, члан Комисија за оцену и одбрану докторске/уметничке дисертације: Датум одбране дисертације: 1 Doctoral dissertation identification page Author Name and surname: Marina Jovanovic Date and place of birth: 21.11.1991.
    [Show full text]
  • EJTS European Journal of Transformation Studies 2020, Vol.8, Supplement 1
    EJTS European Journal of Transformation Studies 2020, Vol.8, Supplement 1 1 EJTS European Journal of Transformation Studies 2020, Vol.8, Supplement 1 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRANSFORMATION STUDIES 2020 Vol. 8 Supplement 1 © by Europe Our House, Tbilisi e-ISSN 2298-0997 2 EJTS European Journal of Transformation Studies 2020, Vol.8, Supplement 1 Arkadiusz Modrzejewski University of Gdansk, Poland [email protected] Editors Tamar Gamkrelidze Europe Our House, Tbilisi, Georgia Tatiana Tökölyová Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Trnava, Slovakia Rafał Raczyński Research Institute for European Policy, Poland Paweł Nieczuja–Ostrowski – executive editor Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Poland Jaroslav Mihálik – deputy editor Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Trnava, Slovakia Edita Poórová – copy editor Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Trnava, Slovakia Andrii Kutsyk– assistant editor Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine Editorial Advisory Board Prof. Jakub Potulski,University of Gdansk, Poland – chairperson Prof. Tadeusz Dmochowski,University of Gdansk, Poland Prof. Slavomír Gálik, University of Ss.Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia Prof. Wojciech Forysinski, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famangusta, Northern Cyprus Prof. Danuta Plecka, Zielona Gora University, Poland Prof. Anatoliy Kruglashov, Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine Prof. Malkhaz Matsaberidze, Ivane Javakashvili Tbilisi State University Prof. Ruizan Mekvabidze, Gori State Teaching University, Georgia Prof. Lucia Mokrá, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Prof. Andras Bozoki, Central European University in Budapest, Hungary Prof. Tereza - Brînduşa Palade, National University of Political and Public Administra- tion in Bucharest, Romania Prof. Elif Çolakoğlu, Atatürk University in Erzurum, Turkey Prof. Valeriu Mosneaga, Moldova State University in Chişinău, Republic of Moldova Prof. Andrei Taranu, National University of Political Science and Public Administration in Bucharest, Romania Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download The
    Dancing to honor the return of the birds in springtime was wrong, "The philosophy according to but kneeling in the dark confines which the residential schools of chapels with rosary beads was operated was diametrically right." (cited in York, 1990, p. 42). opposed to the traditional Indian Hence, the Blue Quills Indian philosophy of education. Before Residential School years have the arrival of the missionaries, been chronologically document­ Indian children learned by watch­ ed to familiarize the reader with ing their parents and elders. this era of formal schooling. We Their family and their community start our story with the impacts of were intimately involved in their the Riel Resistance. education. The myths and stories told by their elders were an · ROOTS AT LAc LABICHE important part of the process of learning." (Ditcham in 1904, cited In 1854, a permanent mission in Makokis, 2000:p. 37). The his­ was founded at Lac La Biche. The torical path of our formal school­ Oblate Fathers asked for the help ing starts as early as the 1870s. of the Grey Nuns to teach Our journey involves stories of European languages and religion (PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES OF ALBERTA P.200) to Indian children. The Fathers cultural genocide as government Father Lacombe, Jean L'Heureuse with Blacldoot chiefs. began building the small day sponsored atrocities documented cENTRE Row Three Bulls, Crowfoot, Red Crow. school there in 1857, named in the literature are supported in FRONT Row North Axe, One Spot. Notre Dame des Victories. the experiences of survivors of Father Lacombe founded the town of St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Methodists' Great 1869 Camp Meeting and Aboriginal Conservation Strategies in the North Saskatchewan River Valley
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for 2009 The Methodists' Great 1869 Camp Meeting and Aboriginal Conservation Strategies in The North Saskatchewan River Valley George Colpitts Department of the University of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Colpitts, George, "The Methodists' Great 1869 Camp Meeting and Aboriginal Conservation Strategies in The North Saskatchewan River Valley" (2009). Great Plains Quarterly. 1170. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/1170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE METHODISTS' GREAT 1869 CAMP MEETING AND ABORIGINAL CONSERVATION STRATEGIES IN THE NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER VALLEY GEORGE COLPITTS George McDougall, chairman of the Methodist gent of Wesleyan Methodists and their Native Missions to the Indians of the Northwest affiliates from Fort Edmonton, Pigeon Lake, Territories, kept a large, black book in which he Lac Ste. Anne, Lac La Biche, and Whitefish jotted sermon notes, references to classical and Lake-all located on the most northern and biblical literature and sometimes simply his itin­ westerly fringes of the northern Great Plains. eraries by horseback from Victoria, the primary Their expedition and other hunts joined by Methodist mission in the far British northwest. Protestant or Roman Catholic missions help Under the "s" tab and labeled "Saskatchewan," identify some of the strategies of competition he noted repeatedly in the 1860s the food crisis and cooperation emerging in the western boreal facing North Saskatchewan residents.
    [Show full text]
  • One Battle at a Time
    One Battle at a Time By: Brianne Fujimoto-Johnston In 1830 on an unknown date by the Belly River, a hero was born. Chief Crowfoot was born in the Blood (Kainai) tribe but grew up with the Blackfoot (Siksika). His parents gave him the name Astoxkomi (Shot Close) at birth. He was given many names over the years until he received the name Isapo-muxica meaning Crow Big Foot which was later shortened to Crowfoot. Only a few months after Crowfoot was born his father Istowun-eh’pata (Packs a Knife) died in a raid on the Crows. Crowfoot’s mother Axkahp-say-pi (Attacked towards Home) was left alone to raise her 2 children; Crowfoot and his younger brother Mexkim- aotani (Iron Shield). A few years later in 1835, Axkahp-say-pi remarried Akay-nehka-simi (Many Names). Before the age of 20, he went to battle 19 times (but unfortunately was injured 6 times). In 1865, he became the chief of the Big Pipes Band. Later in 1870, he became one of the three head chiefs of that tribe. Being the leader he was he made peace with the Cree. He later adopted a Cree named Poundmaker, who became a leader of his own people. During a Cree raid he rescued missionary Sir Albert Lacombe. Crowfoot also had 3 other children who were girls. He lost most of his kids at young ages to smallpox and tuberculosis. He had numerous wives. On September 12, 1877, Colonel Macleod and Lieutenant-Governor David Laird drew up Treaty 7. Crowfoot took a step forward and persuaded other chiefs to sign the Treaty.
    [Show full text]
  • Bifnaapril2014-Lacombe.Pdf
    2 A The heart of a province can often be seen through a glimpse at its smaller communities. In Alberta, one of the province’s lesser in knownAlberta jewels is Lacombe. Only a 25 minute drive from Red Deer, this city of 12,000 people encompasses the community spirit that helps to define the province. 3 “Lacombe is one of the oldest communities in Alberta.” 4 Written by Mark Golombek usiness in Focus spoke with Chief Administrative Officer Norma MacQuarrie and Community and Economic BDevelopment Manager Guy Lapointe to find out what makes this community unique. First surveyed in 1880, Lacombe is one of the oldest communities in Alberta and predates the formation of the province. The city is named after Catholic missionary Father Albert Lacombe who negotiated peace between the Blackfoot and Cree in the area, got Blackfoot leader Crowfoot to promise not to join the 1885 North-West Rebellion and negotiated the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway through Blackfoot territory. The railway not only played a large part in the growth of Lacombe but in that of the country itself. Many of the buildings in the historic downtown date back to the first growth spurt of 1905 and the city strives to maintain the old buildings as a tribute to its past. Lacombe’s historic main street has been named ‘Best Street’, as one of Canada’s 2013 Great Places by the Canadian Insti- tute of Planners. A panel of experts selected the street on the basis of both popularity and planning excellence. 50 Avenue’s intact Edwardian streetscape, featuring several provincially des- ignated historic sites, welcomes both visitors and residents to the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada Media Clips Résolution
    Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada Media Clips Résolution des questions des pensionnats indiens Canada Actualité Monday, December 5, 2005 ™ lundi, 5 décembre 2005 Media Clips - 5 D ec em b er 2 0 0 5 A c tu alité du 5 dé c em b re 2 0 0 5 Table of Contents/ Table des matières T im e fo r th e tru th ; H o rro r sto ries o f residen tial sc h o o ls m u st c o m e o u t 3 L etter to th e edito r 4 F E D F U N D S S T E P T O W A R D H E A L IN G 6 B Y F IE L D B E L IT T L E S P L IG H T O F N A T IV E S IN CA N A D A 9 T h e D u n b o w S c h o o l: A b lu eprin t fo r despair 1 0 H ealin g c irc le eases leg ac y o f residen tial sc h o o l ab u ses; P ro g ram rein tro du c es lo c al n ativ es to th e c u ltu re o f th eir an c esto rs 2 1 'I left h o m e at six ... an d didn 't retu rn ' 2 4 R edress to h elp h ealin g : B aird 2 8 R esiden tial sc h o o l v ic tim s c o m pen sated 2 9 2 Media Clips - 5 D ec em b er 2 0 0 5 A c tu alité du 5 dé c em b re 2 0 0 5 Source: Nunavut News North (also appeared in News North NWT) Date: 2005.12.05 Time for the truth; Horror stories of residential schools must come out Most Canadians do not understand the pain and suffering wrought by forcing Inuit and First Nations children to attend residential schools .
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of French Manitoba (1712-1993)
    Timeline of French Manitoba (1712-1993) 1712-1713: Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) employees in York Factory indicate in their report to London that [French] Canadians were trading on the shores of Lake Winnipeg, harming the HBC’s own trade. 1738: La Vérendrye reaches the current site of St. Boniface. French Canadian traders and voyageurs coming from Lower Canada use La Vérendrye’s route on their way to Western Canada. Ca. 1780-1810: A Métis identity develops among a distinct community. 1812: The first Scottish and Irish colonists recruited by Lord Selkirk arrive at the Forks. 1816: The Métis declare themselves a nation, following the Battle of Seven Oaks. Perhaps one of the first written references to the Métis Nation was made by Alexander MacDonnell, in a letter to Duncan Cameron dated March 13th, 1816. 1818: Arrival of the Rev. Norbert Provencher, the Rev. Sévère Dumoulin, and seminarian Guillaume Edge to the Red River. Permanent establishment of the Catholic Church in Western Canada. 1822: Creation of the Council of Assiniboia, a local government put in place by the Hudson’s Bay Company to assist the company’s governor in running the Red River Colony. The Council performed mainly judicial functions. 1829: Establishment of St. Boniface’s first girls’ school. The school was placed under the management of two lay women, Angélique and Marguerite Nolin. 1835: The Council of Assiniboia is transformed into a legislative and executive assembly. To ensure the enforcement of laws and facilitate administration, the Council creates committees, establishes courts, and organizes a police force. Several Francophones, Canadian and Métis, were called on to fill various positions in the judiciary and the police.
    [Show full text]
  • Delinquent Current Year Real Property
    Delinquent Current Year Real Property Tax as of February 1, 2021 PRIMARY OWNER SECONDARY OWNER PARCEL ID TOTAL DUE SITUS ADDRESS 11 WESTVIEW LLC 964972494700000 1,550.02 11 WESTVIEW RD ASHEVILLE NC 1115 INVESTMENTS LLC 962826247600000 1,784.57 424 DEAVERVIEW RD ASHEVILLE NC 120 BROADWAY STREET LLC 061935493200000 630.62 99999 BROADWAY ST BLACK MOUNTAIN NC 13:22 LEGACIES LLC 967741958700000 2,609.06 48 WESTSIDE VILLAGE RD UNINCORPORATED 131 BROADWAY LLC 061935599200000 2,856.73 131 BROADWAY ST BLACK MOUNTAIN NC 1430 MERRIMON AVENUE LLC 973095178600000 2,759.07 1430 MERRIMON AVE ASHEVILLE NC 146 ROBERTS LLC 964807218300000 19,180.16 146 ROBERTS ST ASHEVILLE NC 146 ROBERTS LLC 964806195600000 17.24 179 ROBERTS ST ASHEVILLE NC 161 LOGAN LLC 964784681600000 1,447.39 617 BROOKSHIRE ST ASHEVILLE NC 18 BRENNAN BROKE ME LLC 962964621500000 2,410.41 18 BRENNAN BROOK DR UNINCORPORATED 180 HOLDINGS LLC 963816782800000 12.94 99999 MAURICET LN ASHEVILLE NC 233 RIVERSIDE LLC 963889237500000 17,355.27 350 RIVERSIDE DR ASHEVILLE NC 27 DEER RUN DRIVE LLC 965505559900000 2,393.79 27 DEER RUN DR ASHEVILLE NC 28 HUNTER DRIVE REVOCABLE TRUST 962421184100000 478.17 28 HUNTER DR UNINCORPORATED 29 PAGE AVE LLC 964930087300000 12,618.97 29 PAGE AVE ASHEVILLE NC 299 OLD HIGHWAY 20 LLC 971182306200000 2,670.65 17 STONE OWL TRL UNINCORPORATED 2M HOME INVESTMENTS LLC 970141443400000 881.74 71 GRAY FOX DR UNINCORPORATED 311 ASHEVILLE CONDO LLC 9648623059C0311 2,608.52 311 BOWLING PARK RD ASHEVILLE NC 325 HAYWOOD CHECK THE DEED! LLC 963864649400000 2,288.38 325 HAYWOOD
    [Show full text]