Ephedra Fasciculata
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Ephedra fasciculata LC Taxonomic Authority: A.Nelson Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Ephedra clokeyi Cutler ARIZON JOINT-FIR English Ephedra fasciculata v (Cutler) Clokey Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: GNETOPSIDA Order: EPHEDRALES Family: EPHEDRACEAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: General Information Distribution Endemic to southwestern USA occurring in the states of Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah. Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 1200 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 350 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population Uncommon to common depending on locality. Variety fasciculata is considered occasional in southern California, with var. clokeyi apparently considered more common (Natureserve 2009). Collections or observations of this species have been made in recent years across its range, indicating it is still extant. Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology Shrub, growing in arid areas on sandy, rocky or gravelly soil. Often recorded from rocky slopes. Associated with Opuntia, Larrea, Acacia. Flowering in April and coning March to April. System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Shrub - small Perennial shrub small (<1m) or dwarf shrub, also termed a Chamaephyte (<1m) Threats No major threats known at present. Possibly grazed in some parts of its range. Past Present Future 13 None Conservation Measures Rated as G3 - Vulnerable by NatureServe (2009), indicating a species at moderate risk of extinction. No samples are known to have been collected for ex site conservation purposes, but several collections are known from botanic gardens. Many collections are known from with the protected area network. In Place Needed 3 Research actions 3.2 Population numbers and range 3.5 Threats 3.6 Uses and harvest levels 3.9 Trends/Monitoring 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 5 Species-based actions 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions 5.7.2 Genome resource bank Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only United States Arizona California Nevada Utah General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 6 Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)1Unset Suitable 8 Desert 1UnsetSuitable 8.2 Desert - Temperate1Unset Suitable Ecosystem Services Insufficient Information available Species provides no ecosystem services Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 2. Food - animal 3. Medicine - human and veterinary The stems of most members of this genus contain the alkaloid ephedrine and are valuable in the treatment of asthma and many other complaints of the respiratory system (Plants for a Future 2010).The stems are grazed by animals in winter. Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Unknown Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: Unknown CITES status: Not listed Livelihood Value There is no information for this species regarding its livelihood value. IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC) Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment Reported to be common and rare in different subpopulations. Recent collections from across the range indicate the species is still extant. A lack of major threat and good representation within the protected areas network suggests the species is not at risk of extinction at present. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonomy Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria Revisio and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 18/09/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): A.Bell & S.Bachman Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals: Bibliography Cutler H., 1939, Monograph of the North American Species of the Genus Ephedra, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden4, 373- 428, , NatureServe, 2009, An Online Encyclopedia of Life, , Published online at http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/, Plants for a Future, 1996-2010, Plants For A Future, Earth, Plants, People., , , RBG Kew, 2009, World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, , Published on the Internet; http://www.kew.org/wcsp/, SEPASAL, 2009, Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL), , SEPASAL, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK, www.kew.org/ceb/sepasal, .