The Upattasanti Pagoda in Myanmar's New Capital of Naypyidaw
The Sacred Core: the Upattasanti Pagoda in Myanmar’s New Capital of Naypyidaw -by- Donald M. Seekins, Ph.D. The relocation of the capital of Myanmar (Burma) from Yangon (Rangoon) to Naypyidaw in late 2005 surprised both Burmese and foreign observers. Myanmar is one of Southeast Asia’s poorest countries. The construction of an entirely new city as the national capital was not only prohibitively expensive, but seriously disrupted the smooth running of the state, as thousands of civil servants were obliged to move from their old homes in Yangon to their new work-site, located in the center of the country. There was considerable waste of scarce resources; for example, new facilities such as a National Library and National Museum had been built in Yangon after 1988, but were rebuilt in Naypyidaw. Yangon has a Zoological Garden, built during the British colonial era, but another zoo was set up in the new I wish to express my deep thanks to the Graduate Research Program of the University College of the University of Maryland for providing me with a grant in 2012 that made possible fieldwork in Naypyidaw. 1 capital, complete with an air-conditioned pavilion where penguins happily frolic, protected from the merciless tropical sun.1 After 2005, there was much speculation concerning the motivations of Senior General Than Shwe, military strongman and chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) junta, in decreeing the capital shift.2 These can generally be placed in three categories, which in order of descending credibility are: (1) strategic factors, especially the military regime’s fear of continued popular unrest in the crowded old capital of Yangon and the advantages of moving the capital inland in terms of controlling the unstable ethnic minority and border areas, adjacent to China, Thailand and India; (2) historical and symbolic factors, including the long history of Burmese kings building new capital cities for themselves and 1 Helen Beaton.
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