Plant and Fungal Systematics 65(1): 120–130, 2020 ISSN 2544-7459 (print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0006 ISSN 2657-5000 (online) Ikaeria serusiauxii, a new Caloplaca-like lichen from Macaronesia and mainland Portugal, with a lichen checklist for Porto Santo Harrie J. M. Sipman1 & André Aptroot2,3 Abstract. The new species Ikaeria serusiauxii (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) Article info is described from the Madeira Archipelago, Canary Islands and continental Portugal. It is Received: 12 Sept. 2019 a crustose lichen on twigs and branches of trees and shrubs in xerophytic maritime vegetation. Revision received: 22 Oct. 2019 Superficially it is similar to Caloplaca cerina and C. haematites, from which it differs by Accepted: 4 Nov. 2019 the often black apothecium margin, very thick spore septa, black pycnidium ostioles, and Published: 2 Jun. 2020 the presence of the pigment Cinereorufa-green instead of Sedifolia-grey. ITS sequences Associate Editor suggest Ikaeria aurantiellina (syn. Caloplaca aegatica) as the closest relative. Added is a preliminary lichen checklist for Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago, Macaronesia). Nicolas Magain Key words: Taxonomy, lichens, diversity, island biology Introduction The Madeira Archipelago, one of the island groups of sequences were analysed using https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ Macaronesia, is situated in the Atlantic Ocean some Tools/msa/muscle/ with standard settings and http://iqtree. 500 km off the shore of NW Africa. Politically it belongs cibiv.univie.ac.at/ (Trifinopoulos et al. 2016) with standard to Portugal. Like the Canary Islands, it has a dry warm settings and sequence type = DNA (accessed 18 June climate except where higher mountains cause increased 2019). Branch support values were obtained with ultrafast precipitation. During a visit to Porto Santo, the second bootstrap (Hoang et al. 2018) implemented in IQ-TREE largest island of the Madeira Archipelago, for a lichen (Nguyen et al. 2015). mapping project (Sparrius et al. 2017), an unusual Vouchers are deposited in B, BR, M, MADJ and herb. Caloplaca-like, epiphytic lichen showed up frequently van den Boom. on shrubs and trees, which somewhat resembled C. cerina or C. haematites. Morphological and macromolecular Results and discussion analyses showed it to be an undescribed species, which is treated below. Further results of this expedition are For complete documentation of the new species, ITS presented at https://archive.bgbm.org/sipman/Zschackia/ sequences were generated. These gave a preliminary view PortoSanto/genuslist.htm, and a preliminary checklist for of the affinities of the new species. A BLAST search Porto Santo is presented below (Table 1). in Genbank in 2017 gave the surprising result that the closest relatives were in the genus Lecidea. A repeated Material and methods BLAST search in 2019 suggested an affinity with the genus Ikaeria, which was published meanwhile by Kon- Specimens were studied with a stereomicroscope and dratyuk et al. (2017). It comprises the single species a compound microscope in tap-water mounts. ITS Ikaeria aurantiellina, based on samples from Tenerife, sequences were generated by Alvalab (Spain). The Canary Islands. The genus was found to belong to the subfamily Teloschistoideae as sister to the genus Yoshi- muria, and not to the Caloplacoideae or Xanthorioideae 1 Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität, Koe- where most crustose ‘Caloplaca’ species in Europe and nigin-Luise-Str. 6–8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany 2 BL Herbarium, G. v.d. Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The the Mediterranean belong. Netherlands Following these suggestions, a comparison of the 3 Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociências, Uni- new species with putative relatives was made. ITS versidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, sequences, mostly downloaded from Genbank, were Bairro Universitário, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil aligned with Megalospora, Brigantiaea and Letrouitia * Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] as outgroups, with Caloplaca cerina and C. haematites © 2020 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) H. J. M. Sipman & A. Aptroot: Ikaeria serusiauxii, a new Caloplaca-like lichen from Macaronesia and Portugal 121 100 Yoshimuria spodoplaca LC490370 99 Yoshimuria galbinea KJ021251 61 Yoshimuria spodoplaca KJ021249 Yoshimuria galbinea KJ021250 100 Blastenia crenularia KC416117 73 Blastenia crenularia KC416115 100 Caloplaca obscurella AY313977 64 Caloplaca obscurella GU942737 100 Caloplaca haematites MN592662 97 Caloplaca haematites MN592663 100 Caloplaca fuscoatroides HQ234599 100 Caloplaca fuscoatroides MN592664 100 100 Pyrenodesmia albolutescens MN172427 Pyrenodesmia albolutescens MN172426 100 Variospora aurantia MN172429 100 Variospora aurantia AY233219 97 Variospora flavescens EU639601 52 Variospora flavescens EU639600 100 89 Caloplaca thracopontica JQ301668 88 100 Caloplaca thracopontica HM538525 Caloplaca cerina EU365861 79 Caloplaca cerina HM538548 100 Rufoplaca arenaria KT934385 Rufoplaca arenaria KF007908 100 Haloplaca sorediella MN586955 100 Haloplaca sorediella KC179293 99 100 Haloplaca suaedae HM582200 Haloplaca suaedae HM582197 93 Lazarenkoiopsis ussuriensis KY614418 100 Josefpoeltia sorediosa KF264646 67 100 100 Josefpoeltia sorediosa KF264645 100 Josefpoeltia parva AM697883 Josefpoeltia parva AM292858 99 Wetmoreana appressa KC179332 100 Wetmoreana decipioides KF264644 Wetmoreana decipioides KF264643 100 100 Ikaeria serusiauxii MN586959 Ikaeria serusiauxii MN586960 100 Ikaeria serusiauxii MN586958 51 Ikaeria aurantiellina KY614411 87 100 Ikaeria aurantiellina KY614412 Ikaeria aurantiellina KY614414 96 Ikaeria aurantiellina MN586956 Ikaeria aurantiellina MN586957 100 Calogaya decipiens KY439886 100 Calogaya decipiens KC179344 100 Calogaya arnoldii KY748968 97 Calogaya arnoldii KY748966 100 62 Flavoplaca oasis KR902658 Flavoplaca oasis HM582158 100 100 97 Flavoplaca limonia EU563467 100 Flavoplaca limonia EU563408 65 Flavoplaca arcis EU563454 Flavoplaca arcis EU563438 100 45 Fominiella skii HM582188 70 Fominiella skii HM582194 100 Athallia pyracea JN813392 Athalia pyracea KT695356 100 Scythioria phlogina EU563460 98 Scythioria phlogina GU942736 72 80 100 Dufourea flammea AJ320132 98 Dufourea flammea AM408396 100 89 Dufourea ligulata AM292813 Dufourea ligulata AM292807 100 100 Xanthoria parietina AM292808 Xanthoria parietina KF589956 Solitaria chrysophthalma MN592665 100 Xanthocarpia lactea KF007907 100 Xanthocarpia lactea KC416128 99 Xanthocarpia ochracea JQ301663 Xanthocarpia ochracea EU639620 100 Brigantiaea tricolor JQ301656 91 Brigantiaea leucoxantha JQ301654 100 Letrouitia parabola JQ301675 100 Letrouitia subvulpina JQ301676 Letrouitia vulpina JQ301677 98 Megalospora pruinata JQ301680 99 Megalospora tuberculosa JQ301682 Megalospora sulphurata JQ301681 Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree from ITS sequences, with UFBootstrap values, of Ikaeria serusiauxii and selected Teloschistaceae. I. serusiauxii appears not closely related to Caloplaca cerina or C. haematites (blue) and falls outside the most frequent subfamilies in Macaronesia and Europe, i.e. Caloplacoideae (green clade) and Xanthorioideae (brown clade). Its closest relative is I. aurantiellina (black), which is included in Teloschistoideae (blue clade) in multilocus trees. Terminal bootstrap values omitted. 122 Plant and Fungal Systematics 65(1): 120–130, 2020 as potential relatives, with the genus Ikaeria, and with a checklist, including information on whether TLC was selected representatives of the three main groups of done, and we release all newly generated ITS sequences, Teloschistaceae, the subfamilies Xanthorioideae, including for groups for which no conclusive taxonomy Caloplacoideae and Teloschistoideae (Arup et al. 2013). is settled yet. The resulting tree (Fig. 1) shows that the new species is clearly distinct from C. cerina and C. haematites, Ikaeria serusiauxii Sipman, sp. nov. (Figs 2–3) and that it has Ikaeria aurantiellina as the closest rela- MycoBank MB 833026 tive. Therefore the new species is included in the genus Diagnosis: similar to Caloplaca cerina in its anthraquinone-free Ikaeria. thallus and apothecia with orange discs and often grey margin, From Porto Santo, where the new species was rec- but differing in having black pycnidium ostioles, thick ascospore ognized first, few lichen species have been reported so septa, and the presence of the pigment Cinereorufa-green instead far. Krog & Østhagen (1980) and Krog (1990) reported of Sedifolia-grey. Ramalina species, and Haugan (1992) a species of Type: Portugal, Madeira Islands, Porto Santo: E part, lower Anzia. These authors discovered remarkable lichen slopes N of Pico do Facho; ~350 m; 33°05.2′N, 16°19.3′W; endemism on the island. Short lists of additional species epiphytes on fallen Pinus trees on slope; 2 March 2016; H. Sipman 62971 (B 60 0200928 – holotype; MADJ – isotype). were published by Follmann (1990), Carvalho et al. ITS sequence: MN586960; LSU: MN586916: SSU: MN586910. (2008) and Sparrius et al. (2017). Some recent monog- raphers included material from the island, in particular Description. Thallus continuous, ~1–3 cm wide, grey, Timdal (1992) on Toninia. The presented checklist in shade with a greenish or slightly brownish tinge, not (Table 1) is based mainly on the