AN ANALYSIS OF WOMAN’S STRUGGLE TO GET POWER IN

VERONICA ROTH’S THE SERIES: INSURGENT NOVEL

A PAPER

BY

IVO DWI FAUZIANA NASUTION REG.NO : 132202043

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

APRIL 2016

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA It has been approved by

Supervisor,

Dra.Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. NIP. 19570720198303 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521126198112 1 001

Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera as a Paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III Examination of the Diploma III English

Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

Dean,

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP. 19600805198703 1 001

Board of Examiners/Readers

No. Name Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) (...... )

2. Dra. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. (Supervisor) (...... )

3. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum. (Reader) ( ...... )

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, IVO DWI FAUZIANA NASUTION, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date : April, 2016

i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : IVO DWI FAUZIANA NASUTION

Title of Paper : An Analysis of Woman’s Struggle to Get Power in Veronica

Roth’s : Insurgent Novel

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture

Studies USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed :

Date : April, 2016

ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berjudul “An Analysis of Woman’s Struggle to Get Power in ’s The Divergent Series: Insurgent Novel”. Novel ini menceritakan disaat dalam pasca-apokaliptik, korban dibagi menjadi lima faksi berdasarkan watak mereka. Abnegation, untuk orang-orang yang mementingkan orang lain; Amity, untuk orang-orang yang cintaakan perdamaian; Candor, untuk orang-orang yang jujur; Dauntless, untuk orang-orang yang berani; dan Erudite, untuk orang-orang yang cerdas. Setiap tahun, semua anak-anak yang berusia enam belas tahun harus mengambil tes bakat yang menentukan faksi mana yang cocok untuknya. Setelah menerima hasil, pengambil tes harus memilih faksi tersebut, tidak peduli faksi apa dia dulunya. Mereka yang tidak melengkapi inisiasi maka harus masuk ke dalam faksi baru menjadi seorang “factionless” dan terpaksa hidup dalam kemiskinan di jalan-jalan kota. Beatrice Prior, enam belas tahun terlahir di dalam keluarga Abnegation. Tetapi, hasil tes bakatnya tidak dapat disimpulkan dan menunjukkan bakat untuk tigafaksi – Abnegation, Erudite dan Dauntless. Pengawas tes memperingatkan untuk tidak member tahu siapa pun bahwa hasilnya tidak meyakinkan karena ini menandai dia sebagai “Divergent”. Seorang divergent dianggap berbahaya dan harus di bunuh. Dalam kertas karya ini, penulis akan membahas tentang perjuangannya untuk hidup dan bagaimana dia memperoleh kekuatan untuk melindungi semua “Divergent”.

iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This paper entitled “An Analysis of Woman’s Struggle to Get Power in Veronica Roth’s The Divergent Series: Insurgent Novel”. This novel tells in a post- apocalyptic Chicago, survivors are divided into five based on their dispositions. Abnegation, for the selfless; Amity, for the peaceful; Candor, for the honest; Dauntless, for the brave; and Erudite, for the intellectual. Each year, all sixteen-year-olds take an aptitude test that describes the faction for which they are best suited. After receiving the results, test takers choose a faction, no matter what their faction before. Those who do not complete initiation into their new faction become “factionless” and are forced to live in poverty on the streets of the city. Sixteen-year-old Beatrice Prior was born into an Abnegation family. But, her aptitude test results are inconclusive and indicate aptitude for three factions – Abnegation, Erudite, and Dauntless. The test proctor warns her never to tell anyone that her results were inconclusive as this marks her as “Divergent”. A divergent considered dangerous and should be killed. In this paper, the writer will discuss about the struggle of her life and how she get power to protect all of the “Divergent”.

iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmaanirrahim.

Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah the Most Gracious and the Most

Merciful, for giving me this opportunity, the strength, health and the patience to complete my paper, after all the challenges and difficulties.

First of all , I would like to express a deep gratitude to the dean Faculty of

Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. for providing necessary infrastructure and resources to accomplish my paper and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the head of Diploma III English Study Program, Dr. Matius C.A.

Sembiring, M.A. who gives me a lot of knowledge about doing in a paper, his valuable advices, help, and support. And I am also thankful to my supervisor Dra.

Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. This paper would not have been possible without her guidance, corrections and encouragement. Under her guidance I successfully overcame many difficulties and learned a lot.

I would also like to thank to my lovely parents, Basyaruddin Nasution and Rosdiaty. Thank you for all your motivation, support, advice, love and prays.

I present this paper for you. I grateful to have parents whose selfless life and your efforts to give me a higher education. From small girl till I grew up you were always there in my every step of life, I learned so much from you. I am so lucky to have you as my parents.

v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I should not forget to acknowledge my beloved sister and brother dr.

Fauziah Septian Utami Nasution and Muhammad Faisal Amin Nasution, I really thank you for your continuous love, support, understanding and good wishes whenever I needed.

Sincere thanks to all my friends especially Dinda Arini, Vega Tannya

Marz, Ade Putri, Nurhalimah Gurning and Khairunnisa Nasution. Thanks for the friendship and memories. And made an unforgettable experience when I am writing this paper.Also not forgetting my boyfriend, Muhammad Hafiz Pratama

S.T for support and care. I am so touched by his kindness.

Finally, I would like to thank all people who have helped me during the writing of this paper to get Diploma III certificate from English Department

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera. To those who indirectly contributed in the successful completion of my paper, your kindness means a lot to me. Thank you so much.

Medan, April 2016

The writer,

Ivo Dwi Fauziana Nasution Reg.No.132202043

vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... ii ABSTRAK ...... iii ABSTRACT ...... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study ...... 1 1.2 Problem of The Study ...... 5 1.3 Scope of The Study ...... 5 1.4 Purpose of The Study ...... 5 1.5 Reason for Choosing The Topic ...... 6 1.6 Method of The Study ...... 6

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Novel ...... 7 2.2 Plot ...... 8 2.3 Characterization ...... 10 2.4 Point of View ...... 10 2.5 Theme ...... 11 2.6 Setting ...... 12

3. THE ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL 3.1 The factions is a Classification Societies ...... 13 3.2 The Struggle of Beatrice Prior to Get Power ...... 18

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusions ...... 27 4.2 Suggestions ...... 28

REFERENCES ...... 30 APPENDICES

Biography of Veronica Roth ...... 31

Summary of the novel ...... 33

vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study

Literature is a creative act. It is an art. On the other hand, literary study is knowledge about literature itself. Since a long time ago, there are some efforts to differ them. But these efforts only make literature and literary study come to a very complicated relation. To overcome this, there are some problem-solvings.

First, some literary theorist who didn’t agree that literary study is the knowledge about literature said it is wiser to say that literary study can’t be studied at all. For the rest, we can only accumulate all kinds of information about literature

(Wellek& Warren, 1997: 15). Literature is a personal exspression of feeling including, experience, idea, motivation, confidence in the concrete description by using language.

Novel as a literary works that needs interpretation of life. A novel expresses some axpects of human’s love and existence. Because novel talks about human activities and describes what happened in surrounding, so it is written in long composition. Novel is generally countains about forty five thousand words or more (Kenney, 66:103). According Sudjiman (1984: 53), novel is a long prose fiction by presenting figures and displays a series of events and setting. And this paper provides a figure about woman in the main character of TheDivergent

Series: Insurgent’s novel. One of the strongest examples of women femininity is also one of the struggle and strongest of her masculinity.

The term “feminism” has become misconstrued and negatively associated in the 21st century. “Essential feminism suggests anger, humorlessness, militancy,

1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA unwavering principles, and a prescribed set of rules for how to be a proper feminist woman, or at least a proper white, heterosexual, feminist woman—hate pornography, unilaterally decry the objectification of women, don’t cater to the male gaze, hate men, hate sex, focus on career, don’t shave” (Gay, 2012). The source of this strife can be found within feminism’s constantly shifting foundation; as the world evolves, so do the problems that women face. What women once picketed and protested for is now a modern day convenience.

Feminism, “a movement whose primary purpose is to achieve quality, in all realms, between men and women [is being ridiculed because] articles make it seem like there is, in fact, a right way to be a woman and a wrong way to be a woman. And the standard appears to be ever changing and unachievable” (Gay,

2012). This evolution would not be an issue that it is not for the fact that “our culture is deeply committed to clearly demarcated sex differences, called masculine and feminine, that revolve on first, a complex gaze-apparatus; and second, dominance-submission patterns” (Kaplan in Johnson, 2009). And now, feminism is broken into three distinctive “waves”. The third “wave” of feminism, the prior two, emulates the complexity of a women’s journey through life and recognizes the fluidity of womanhood and its many forms —whether she be white or of color, religious or atheist, homosexual or heterosexual—and accepts that the term “feminist” is equivalent to “being forced into a box that cannot quite accommodate a woman properly” (Gay, 2012).

First-wave feminism “refers to a period of feminist activity during the 19th and early twentieth century throughout the world, particularly in the United

2 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands and United States. It focused on de jure

(officially mandated) inequalities, primarily on gaining women’s suffrage (the right to vote) (“First-wave feminism” 2013). Within the United States, first-wave feminism can be seen as women attempting to gain the same rights as men.

Feminists “were more moderate and conservative than radical or revolutionary,” and yet they advocated for shared ownership of children, allowing them to have a say in their children’s wills, wages, and granting them the right to inherit property

(“First-wave feminism,” 2013).

Second-wave feminism contains many aspects of first-wave feminism; however, second-wave feminism also includes the aspiration for distinctively female-only rights. Advocacy for abortion, marital rape laws, against the objectification of the female body, and battered women’s rights was seen predominately within this “wave.” Beginning in the 1960s, “in the United States the movement was initially called the Women’s Liberation Movement and lasted through the early 1980s” (Second-wave feminism,” 2013).

Third-wave feminism within the United States “is a term identified with several diverse strains of feminist activity and study, whose exact boundaries in historiography of feminism are a subject of debate, but are often marked as beginning in the early 1990s and continuing to the present” (“Third-wave feminism,” 2013). Third-wave feminism “ideology focuses on a more post- structuralist interpretation of gender and sexuality” (Third-wave feminism,”

2013). Sexuality, as interpreted by the third-wave, has been embraced as a natural part of life; and even more than that, it is something that should be celebrated as a

3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA source of empowerment and a positive aspect of life (“Third-wave feminism,”

2013).

Talking about feminism, the novel The Divergent Series: Insurgent is one of the novels that can provide a great inspiration to everyone about what it means a struggle in life of a woman. The main character who is Beatrice Prior. She is a strong-willed sixteen-year-old girl who hates showing weakness which makes her brave. Though Trim was born in the faction Abnegation, she eventually transferred to Dauntless and must face the fact that she is Divergent which were the results of her aptitude test. When she arrived in her new faction, she opted for a change of name to go by. She decided to use Tris as a nickname for Beatrice, hoping for a fresh start in a new faction. Tris is extremely brave. Her extreme bravery often leads people to think of her as someone who recklessly throw herself into danger. She is brave because she hated showing weakness, but instead she was brave because when she came face to face with fear in real life and in simulations, she strategized and rationalized. The simple fact that she did not cower in fear, but instead faced her fears head on, makes her brave. Anyone hates to show weakness, but that doesn’t mean they are all brave like Tris.

That’s one of the reason why the writer chooses a novel The Divergent

Series: Insurgent to be analyzed. The novel was very intriguing from the start to the end and the plot line was unique and intricate. The main character was a very determined character which made it so much better to read. The writer is interested to analyze the problem because can find the existence and also can find

4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the efforts in fight of female in the main character of the novel. The research of the struggle of the women are interesting to be discussed.

1.2 Problem of The Study

Based on the background mentioned above, several problems are formulated as follows : a. What are the main problem in the faction of The Divergent Series:

Insurgent? b. What are the struggles of the woman to get power?

1.3 Scope of The Study

There are so many aspects in the Veronica Roth’s novel The Divergent

Series: Insurgent. The writer has decided to explain some aspects to be analyzed in this paper. However, the focus point of this paper is that display not only the problem that happened in the novel nor the struggle of the woman, but it the figure was also based on the relationship and friendship with the other character and family, the figure ways to protect everyone. There are many conflicts in this novel and the writer will detail and specific to explain about the struggle of the woman to protect people. It concern to explain what the effort to get power. At this time, the writer chooses this novel to the topic

1.4 Purpose of The Study

The purpose of this study are: a. To know what is the main problem that happened in the faction. b. To reveals her efforts to fight and protect all people in the five factions.

5 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.5 Reason for Choosing the Topic

The writer has chosen Veronica Roth’s The Divergent Series: Insurgent novel, as the subject of the paper because of the reason:

. The novel is a best seller novel.

. The novel talks about strong character of woman and it was very

interesting to read about her because she had her own mind and did not

follow rules.

. The plot line was unique and kept me reading.

. The novel talks about how the main character protect everyone from her

struggle.

1.6 Method of The Study

The writer uses internet research to support the analysis of the novel, collecting some data and information that needed from the many resources. And then, reading and comprehending, making some notes and making the conclusion from the data. And the writer get some references for the opinion and comment some people in the internet about that novel. The good comments and bad comments will be taken into consideration for the writer. Beside the internet research, the writer uses library research to get some data from reference books.

6 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A review of related literature is the process of collecting, selecting and reading books, journals, reports, abstracts and other references materials. A literature review is a systematic explicit and reproductive method for identifying, evaluating and interpreting the existing body of recorded work produced by researcher’s scholars and practitioners. According to Best J.W (1986) “A brief summary of previous research and writing of recognized experts provides evidences that the researcher is familiar with what is already known and with what is still unknown and untested”. The related literature shows the way to the sources of significant ideas, theories & hypothesis and valuable information regarding problems & evaluation of current practices and empirical researches.

The present paper will be helpful for students, teachers and young researchers to know more about the meaning of the review of literature, objectives of review of literature, sources and nature of review of literature, steps of review of literature and online review searching strategies.

2.1 Definition of Novel

A novel is a long narrative, normally in prose, which describes fictional

characters and events, usually in the form of a sequential story which describes

intimate human experiences. The novel in the modern era usually makes use of a

literary prose style, and the development of the prose novel at this time was

encouraged by innovations in printing, and the introduction of cheap paper, in the

7 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 15th century. Within its broad framework, the genre of the novel has

encompassed an extensive range of types and styles: picaresque, epistolary,

gothic, romantic, realist, historical-to name only some of the more important

ones.

Britannica Online Encyclopedia (2009) says, “The term novel is a

truncation of the Italian word novella (from the plural of Latin novellus, a late

variant of novus, meaning “new”), so that what is now, in most languages, a

diminutive denotes historically the parent form. The novella was a kind of

enlarged anecdote like those to be found in the 14thcentury Italian classic

Boccaccio’s Decameron, each of which exemplifies the etymology well enough.”

Ress (1973:106) says that novel is a fictions prose narrative of

considerable length in which characters and action representative of real live are

portrayed on a plot of more or less complexity. The novel is genre of fiction, and

fiction may be defined as the art of craft of contriving, through the written word,

representations of human life that instruct or divert or both. The various forms

that fiction may take are best seen less as a number of separate categories than as

a continuum or, more accurately, a cline, with some such brief form as the

anecdote at one end of the scale and the longest conceivable novel at the other.

2.2 Plot

Plot is a literary term used to describe the events that make up a story or the main part of a story. These events relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence. The structure of a novel depends on the organization of events in the

8 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA plot of the story.When writing the plot of a piece of literature, the author has to be careful that it does not dominate the other parts of the story.

There are five main elements in a plot. The first is the exposition or the introduction. This is known as the beginning of the story where characters and setting are established. The conflict or main problem is introduced as well. The second element of a plot is known as the rising action which occurs when a series of events build up to the conflict. The main characters are established by the time the rising action of a plot occurs and at the same time, events begin to get complicated. It is during this part of a story that excitement, tension or crisis is encountered. The third element of a plot is known as the climax or the main point of the plot. This is the turning point of the story and is meant to be the moment of highest interest and emotion. The reader wonders what is going to happen next.

The fourth element of a plot is known as falling action or the winding up of the story. Events and complications begin to resolve and the result of actions of the main characters are put forward. The last element of a plot is the resolution or the conclusion. It is the end of a story and ends with either a happy or a tragic ending.

A plot is one of the most important parts of a story. The plot is what forms a memory in the readers’ mind, allowing them to think about the book and even making them want to read it again. By identifying and understanding the plot, the reader is able to understand the message being conveyed by the author and the explicit or implicit moral of the story.

9 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3 Characterization

Characterization is a literary device that is used step by step in literature to highlight and explain the details about a character in a story. It is in the initial stage where the writer introduces the character with noticeable emergence and then following the introduction of the character, the writer often talks about his behavior; then as the story progresses, the thought-process of the character. The next stage involves the character expressing his opinions and ideas and getting into conversations with the rest of the characters. The final part shows how others in the story respond to the character’s personality.

Characterization as a literary tool was coined in the mid 15th century.

Aristotle in his Poetics argued that “tragedy is a representation, not of men, but of action and life”. Thus the assertion of the dominance of plot over characters, termed as plot-driven narrative, is unmistakable. This point of view was later on abandoned by many because, in the 19th century, the dominance of character over plot became clear through petty bourgeois novels.

Understanding the role of characterization in storytelling is very important for any writer. To put it briefly, it helps us make sense of the behavior of any character in a story by helping us understand their thought processes. A good use of characterization always leads the readers or audience to relate better to the events taking place in the story.

2.4 Point of View

Point of view is the angle of considering things, which shows us the opinion, or feelings of the individuals involved in a situation. In literature, point of

10 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA view is the mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers “hear” and

“see” what takes place in a story, poem, essay etc.

Point of view is an integral tool of description in the author’s hands to portray personal emotions or characters’ feelings about an experience or situation.

Writers use a point of view to express effectively what they want to convey to their readers.

2.5 Theme

Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.A writer presents themes in a literary work through several ways. A writer may express a theme through the feelings of his main character about the subject he has chosen to write about.

Similarly, themes are presented through thoughts and conversations of different characters. Moreover, the experiences of the main character in the course of a literary work give us an idea about its theme. Finally, the actions and events taking place in a narrative are consequential in determining its theme.

Theme is an element of a story that binds together various other essential elements of a narrative. It is a truth that exhibits universality and stands true for people of all cultures. Theme gives readers better understanding of the main character’s conflicts, experiences, discoveries and emotions as they are derived from them. Through themes, a writer tries to give his readers an insight into how the world works or how he or she views human life.

11 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.6 Setting

The setting of a piece of literature is the time and place in which the story takes place. The definition of setting can also include social statuses, weather, historical period, and details about immediate surroundings. Settings can be real or fictional, or a combination of both real and fictional elements. Some settings are very specific (Wulfhall in Wiltshire England in 1500), while others are descriptive (a boat out on the ocean). Most pieces of literature include more—or many more—than one setting, either as the narrative progresses through time or to include points of view from more than one character.

Setting is a fundamental aspect of fiction, along with plot, character, theme, and style. The setting provides the backdrop to the story and helps create mood.

Setting is an extremely important aspect of almost every piece of fiction and drama, and can be an important element in poetry as well

.

12 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. THE ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL

3.1 The Factions is a Classification Societies

In the Chicago and all the world, society is divided into 5 factions, each dedicated to the cultivation of a particular virtue. Faction is a group or clique within a larger group, party, government, organization. And the destination classification societies is keep the world to maintain harmony.

Each year, all 16 years oldare required to take an Aptitude Test. The purpose of the test is to discover a disposition towards one of the five traits of the five factions (below). It provides a good indication of what faction a person should choose based on his/her predominant characteristic. The next day in the

Choosing Ceremony test-takers must choose which faction they will enter into.

They can either leave their family and choose an entirely new faction or they can remain where they are. The aptitude test result should be taken into account but the decision is ultimately their choice.

The aptitude test takes place at the school, in dedicated testing rooms. The test administrators consist of mostly Abnegation volunteers, but also include one

Erudite & one Dauntless for the Abnegation-born students. Tests cannot be administered by a member of the same faction as the test-taker. No preparation for the test is allowed.

Electrodes connected to a computer are attached to both the student and the test administrator, and the student is then given a serum to drink. This connects them to a simulation. The simulation provides a series of scenarios which the student must react to. Each stage, monitored by the administrator,

13 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA should eliminate at least one or more of the factions, ultimately eliminating at least four factions and leaving one single faction as the result. (In the rare case a test proves inconclusive, with the elimination of only three or less factions, the taker is a Divergent.) The Divergents minds are said to "move in several different directions" and can’t be confined to one way of thinking, meaning they cannot be controlled. They also are special and will be killed if they are found out.

The names of the faction are:

1. Abnegation (The Selfless)

"I choose to turn away from my reflection, to rely not on myself but on

my brothers and sisters, to project always outward until I

disappear."— Abnegation Manifesto

Abnegation is the faction that values the needs of others above the needs of oneself, their core belief being 'Them before I.' Members of Abnegation take over the public services in the city. Though Abnegation can be selfless, a flaw of theirs is the fact that they are stifling. This is where they get their nickname,

Stiffs.

The dystopic society of Chicago is ruled by a council of fifty people, composed entirely of representatives from Abnegation, as their faction is the most incorruptible due to their commitment to selflessness. Abnegation's color is grey.

Their style of dress is conservative, loose-fitting grey clothing so as not to call attention to themselves. The only accessory they are allowed to wear is a plain

14 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA watch. Also, as the people of Abnegation prefer not to show skin, exposing clothes are never worn.

2. Erudite (The Intelligent)

"Ignorance is defined not as stupidity but as lack of knowledge. Lack

of knowledge inevitably leads to lack of understanding. Lack of

understanding leads to a disconnect among people with differences.

Disconnection among people with differences leads to conflict.

Knowledge is the only logical solution to the problem of conflict.

Therefore, we propose that in order to eliminate conflict, we must

eliminate the disconnect among those with differences by correcting

the lack of understanding that arises from ignorance with knowledge.

But one of the founders called Edith Prior who is related to Andrew

Prior. "— Erudite Manifesto

According to the norms of the faction, it is dictated that a faction member must wear at least one blue article of clothing at a time: blue causes the brain to release calming chemicals which attest to their saying, "a calm mind is a clear mind." It is also noted that Erudites care for eloquent speeches, as well as their search for knowledge. The Erudite, though extremely intelligent, have been known to be vain.The Erudite stare at screens with tense eyes, focused.they seem to be decorative more than anything, because computers occupy the tables in the room.

3. Dauntless (The Brave)

15 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA "We believe in ordinary acts of bravery, in the courage that drives one

person to stand up for another... We believe in shouting for those who

can only whisper, in defending those who cannot defend

themselves."— Dauntless Manifesto

Dauntless is considered the strong soldiers of the factions. Dauntless are those who are brave, seeming almost fearless. They strive to become courageous and indestructible. The Dauntless are those who guard the Fence, making sure no one gets in or out, and are the best soldiers. The Dauntless color is black.

Members of Dauntless dress in tight-fitting dark or black clothing that aids in their lifestyle of battle and training. Dark makeup, tattoos, and piercings are also recommended for all members.

4. Amity (The Peaceful)

"Give freely, trusting that you will be given what you need... Do not be

angry. The opinions of others cannot damage you... The wrong is past.

You must let it rest where it lies... You must no longer think cruel

thoughts. Cruel thoughts lead to cruel words, and hurt you as much as

they hurt their target." — Amity Manifesto

Members of Amity value peace and harmony above all else. Members of

Amity are dressed in red or yellow, though their faction only dictates they wear some amount of the colors. Styles are loose and comfortable. Amity children are seen playing hand clapping games and singing songs. Amity members are happy people, willing to serve, but, unlike Abnegation, do not come face-to-face with

16 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA those they serve (usually). Despite this, Amity has given Chicago compassionate counselors and caretakers.

5. Candor (The Honest)

"Dishonesty is rampant, Dishonesty is temporary, Dishonesty

makes evil possible.” — Candor Manifesto

Candor members value honesty above all else. A member of Candor can be recognized from their black and white clothing, a visual representation of the black-and-white they see in truth. Through the years, the Candor faction provided the people with trustworthy and sound leaders in law. They are very truthful, sometimes to the point of being tactless. The Candor initiation does not utilize simulation, but utilizes lie detectors tests and truth serum: initiates are placed in front of all those in the faction and are asked deeply personal questions. They believe that charm is unnecessary and politeness is deception in pretty packaging.

Candor acts according to the idea that if the person reveals all his secrets, he has no desire to lie about anything because the worst is already in the open.

Although Candor values honesty the most, they also seek to develop impartiality.

(The term "Candor" roots from the word "Candid." The word is a Latin word meaning to shine; be white.)

6. Factionless

There is one more group that is not part of the social classes or factions. These are the Factionless. These are the people who failed to complete their initiation into whatever faction they chose and live in poverty, doing the work no one else

17 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA wants to do. They are the janitors, construction workers and garbage collectors.

They are the ones who make fabric, operate trains and drive buses. In return for their work they get food and clothing. They live in places like collapsed roads, empty subways full of trash and sewage.It is later found that they have the highest number of Divergent. They wear mixed clothing from other factions. The

Factionless also include eldery Dauntless.

The main problem of the factions that every people is different than other people and each people try to find out why and how to deal with it. But that's difficult in a society like this. In a situation in which a few mistakes could lead to being factionless, so there's a lot of pressure on them to pass initiation. All this plays together and creates the conflict. However, just to be yourself and together through the life.

3.2 The Struggle of Woman to Get Power

Beatrice Prior (Tris Prior) is a 16-year-old girl. Tris is having blonde hair, long thin nose, and blue-grey eyes. She was lived with her family in the

Abnegation’s faction. Beatrice is a Divergent. Some people thinking Divergent is dangerous but others can receive it. Some people want to killed her but others want to protect her. Faced with the knowledge that there are people in her society that want to get rid of her and the Divergent.

Tris trying as hard as she can helping people. But she don’t thinking about herself. She always senselessly risk her life. Tris is also very determined person. It can be seen from the following quote from Tobias:

18 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA "If you throw yourself into danger for no reason again, you will have become nothing more than a Dauntless adrenaline junkie looking for a hit, and I'm not going to help you do it." He spits the words out bitterly. "I love Tris the Divergent, who makes decisions apart from faction loyalty, who isn't some faction archetype. But the Tris who’s trying as hard as she can destroy herself …I can't love her." (Roth, 2012: 260-261)

Tris is a naturally curious person. When there is something suspicious, she immediately finds out what happened. One day, when Tris looks out the window and she finds Johanna Reyes and Marcus Eaton walk side by side, she is out of her room before she can evaluate why she want to follow them. And then, Tris heard about their conversation and she shocked about it. It can be seen from the following quote from Marcus:

“There is a reason you don’t know all the things I know. A long time ago, the Abnegation were entrusted with some sensitive information,” says Marcus, “Jeanine attacked us to steal it. And if I am not careful, she will destroy it, so that is all I can tell you.” Marcus continued, “This information is far more important than you can imagine. Most of the leaders of this city risked their lives to protect it from Jeanine and died, and I will not jeopardize it now for the sake of sating your selfish curiosity.” (Roth, 2012:25)

Now, Tris knows why Jeanine attacked the Abnegation. Tris thought it’s about to seize power, but Jeanine attacked them to steal information—information only they knew. She was more curious. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

“I have to know. I have to find out what could possibly be important enough for the Abnegation to die for—and the Erudite to kill for.” (Roth, 2012:26)

19 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA One day, Tris followed Marcus and she bravely asked about the sensitive information. She is a naturally curious person. She ask to Marcus. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

“He may not have actually died for whatever information you were referring to,” I say. “But I want to know if it was something he risked his life for.” She continue, “…then what on earth was it? Was it something you were trying to protect? Or steal? Or what?” (Roth, 2012:44-45)

Marcus did not provide any information, even when Tris demanding him.

Tris thought maybe if she presses just hard enough, Marcus will crack. But it’s impossible. Marcus is someone who is skilled at hiding secrets.

Tris don’t know what information about, but it had to do with some important information, and Tris knows Jeanine has that information. The other day, Tris tried to find out the information. Tris determined to know about it. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

“… The thing is, I haven’t been able to find out very much about this, because Marcus Eaton is the only person who knows everything, and he won’t tell me. I just . . . it’s the reason for the attack. It’s the reason. And we need to know it.” (Roth, 2012:316)

Tris continues her effort to get power, she opposed all the words of the

Marcus until he was silent and after all this time Marcus told her that information.

It can be seen from the following quote from Marcus:

“A week before the simulation attack, the Abnegation leaders decided it was time to reveal the information in the file to everyone. Everyone, in the entire city. The day we intended to reveal it was approximately seven days after the simulation attack. Obviously we were unable to do so.” (Roth, 2012:413)

And Marcus continued:

20 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

“We are not from here, Beatrice. We were all placed here, for a specific purpose. A while ago, the Abnegation were forced to enlist the help of Erudite in order to achieve that purpose, but eventually everything went awry because of Jeanine. Because she doesn’t want to do what we are supposed to do. She would rather resort to murder.” (Roth, 2012:414)

Now, Tris know what motivated Jeanine’s. Tris was wondered about that information who hidden by Marcus that may be related with herself, and then she did it. She knows the truth. It can be seen from the following quote from Marcus:

“… the point is, your mother knew she probably would not get out of Abnegation headquarters alive, but she had to try. This file, it was something she was willing to die for. Understand?” (Roth, 2012:415)

Tris know what to do now, she has to save the file and kill Jeanine. All the struggle she does succeed, she gained that sensitive information from Marcus. So, if the truth and her mother really were willing to die for this information to become public. Tris determined to do just about anything to accomplish the goal he mom failed to achieve. And then, her curiosity gets results.

Tris is a smart girl, she always had a good idea. Even when the enemy is almost approaching, she was quick in thinking and acting. She has a brilliant idea, that's why she enters into Erudate factions. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

“Wait,” I say. “I have an idea.” I scan the crowd of Abnegation. “Disguises. The Erudite don’t know for sure that we’re still here. We can pretend to be Amity.” (Roth, 2012:72)

They were disguised and the enemy did not know. Disguise is one of her specialties. Even when the Dauntless traitors arrived, and they shoot all the

21 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA people. The people drop to the ground, her fellow faction members, her closest friends. The gun goes off. People fall.

It is not dangerous shots, everyone does not bleed. Only a temporary unconscious. But Tris was still conscious, because shots had no effect on a

Divergent. And the Dauntless traitors walk into the lobby, their guns held up to kill all the Divergent. But she did not move. She pretended to be unconscious as well. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

“…I decide to do what I always do when I’m not sure what’s going on: I act like everyone else. I let my head drop and close my eyes…”(Roth, 2012:178)

And when the Dauntless traitors are move away, Tris started pretending to be one of them. She pretended to aim of saving the other Divergent. She approached one of the Dauntless traitors who died, and she takes the blue armband she wears and her jacket too, so people think she is one of the Dauntless traitors. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

“…will they know to hide? And what do I expect to gain from submerging myself in an army of Dauntless traitors?(Roth, 2012:181)

Bold flavors in her sometimes lead to dangers. She was too daring for a girl. Many people are mad at her because they think she is doing is life- threatening and has a big risk. It can be seen from the following quote from Lynn:

“You are brave,” she says. “You don’t need me to say it, because you already know it. But I want you to know that I know.” (Roth, 2012:170)

Even when Tobias told her to stay, to stay safe but she was refused. She wanted to rush participated. It can be seen from the following quote from Tris:

22 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Why are you so insistent on me staying home?” My voice gets louder. “I am not the kind of person who just sits back and lets other people take all the risks!” (Roth, 2012:248)

She would not give up, just for her own sake. She will try to save the lives of others, even if it must risk her life. It can be seen from the following quote from

Tris:

“You want to run away before you know what’s going on?” I scowl at him. “Before the Dauntless upstairs know what hit them?” (Roth, 2012:180)

And when she can go from a room full of Dauntless traitors, but she would not do it. It can be seen from the following quote from Tobias:

“One thing I don’t understand,” he say. You were downstairs. You could have just run away. But instead, you decided to dive into a crowd of armed Dauntless all by yourself. And I’m willing to bet you weren’t carrying a gun.” (Roth, 2012:210)

Tris sound cavalier, like executions are something she face on a regular basis. But forming her lips around the word “executed” makes her shudder. She pretend she is cold, squeezing her arms with her hands. She can hide her pain of the enemy and remains strong to face the problems. It can be seen from the following quote:

“Yeah, because I wanted to get myself into a cell in Erudite headquarters. I wanted to be executed.” (Roth, 2012:333)

Tris aimed to deliver herself, so that people around him are not bothered by Jeanine. Because Jeanine wants a divergent. But Four coming to save Tris and it was an impossible thing for Four to against Jeanine. She fine Four, held at either arm by a Dauntless traitor, a gun aimed at the back of his skull. Tobias, blood

23 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA trailing down the side of his face and marking his white shirt with red. Tris felt regrets about the situation. It can be seen from the following quote:

“…I came here to protect as many people as I could. And I care more about Tobias's safety than anyone else's. So why am I here, if he's here? What's the point?” (Roth, 2012: 337)

In just a couple of weeks, Tris has faced more adversity than most people face in a lifetime. She has watched her parents die, she has watched the life she knew crumble, and she even killed her own friend. In many ways, it would be easier for her to refuse to keep moving on. But Dauntless is about bravery, and bravery is more than just running into dangerous situations and fighting. Bravery is keeping your head up and pushing forward, even when the going is tough.

In Insurgent, that is exactly what Tris does—proving that she is a true Dauntless after all. It can be seen from the following quote:

"I didn't realize until that moment that Dauntless initiation had taught me an important lesson: how to keep going.” (Roth, 2012:86)

And when Tris bravely to revealed the truth in public about Eric. She say, as truth as possible. It can be seen from the following quote:

“You conspired with Erudite. You are responsible for the deaths of hundreds of Abnegation.” As I go on, I can’t keep my voice steady anymore; I start to spit out the words like venom. “You betrayed Dauntless. You shot a child in the head. You are a ridiculous plaything of Jeanine Matthews.” (Roth, 2012: 271-272)

Tris spends a good chunk to thinking about death. She throws herself into dangerous situations without much thought, creating a rift between her and

24 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Tobias, who just wants her to be safe. This would make it seem like Tris is okay with the prospect of dying, but in reality, she is still naive about it. She does not understand what it truly means to die, even when she is begging for death to be put out of her misery in Erudite headquarters. It is only as she is about to die, that she realizes what death really means, and in that moment she knows she is not ready. Tris has grown up in many ways and her perspective on death has evolved along with her. It can be seen from the following quote:

"Deep inside me I know the answer: I am being reckless. I will probably gain nothing. I will probably die. And more disturbing still: I don't really care." (Roth, 2009:181)

And when Tris go to the Erudite’s room to find the file she must get through the security measures Jeanine undoubtedly has in place to keep out intruders. She grab the door handle and push down as hard as she can, but it doesn’t budge. She is trapped. It can be seen from the following quote:

“… I know what she said. Poison. Five minutes. I shouldn’t be surprised; this is Jeanine’s work, just as empty of conscience as she is. My body shudders, and I wonder if that is the poison, if the poison is already shutting down my brain.” (Roth, 2009: 489)

It is difficult for Tris to reconcile her previously held misconceptions about the factionless with how they truly live. They may not have much, but the way they are able to embrace all virtues and live happily, freely, and enjoyably in harmony with each other is what really makes them lucky. Feeding lies to the faction citizens about the factionless is one of the ways the system has controlled them for so long: if the faction citizens knew how happy the factionless actually

25 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA were, then they might start to question the point of having factions in the first place. It can be seen from the following quote:

"The factionless are not characterized by a particular virtue. They claim all colors, all activities, all virtues, and all flaws as their own." (Roth, 2012: 409)

Tris Prior is a lot of things: she's smart, strong-willed, direct, sarcastic and funny. But she doesn't have the best self-esteem; and she can also be a straight up wrong a lot of the time. Tris is the kind of girl who notices when there's a conspiracy to use her current faction to kill off her former faction.

Tris is super special because she's Divergent. But from another perspective, being Divergent is another way of saying "she's got complicated and conflicting feelings”. So to gain recognition in the environment, Tris must struggle to confront her enemy.

All struggles come from herself and from those around who helped. Her struggles of losing a parent, friend, and brother. She must face the reality of it all.

Never give up and have a good nature are attempts her to gain a place in the surrounding communities.

26 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

In the dystopian future of Chicago, where society is split into five different groups, or factions, sixteen year olds must make a decision about which faction they want to spend the rest of their lives in. For many, this is a simple choice. The aptitude tests they take show which faction they are best suited to - Abnegation for the selfless, Candor for the honest, Amity for the peaceful, Erudite for the intelligent and Dauntless for the brave.

But for Beatrice Prior (Tris), her aptitude test causes more problems than it solves. She has aptitude for more than one of the factions. She is Divergent. And

Divergent is dangerous. Faced with the knowledge that there are people in her society that want to get rid of her, Tris leaves her home faction to find out where she fits in.

The initiation process for the Dauntless faction is merciless, but Tris survives it with help from instructor, Four, who seems torn between protecting her and pushing Tris to her limits. However, a bigger problem looms over Dauntless, throwing Tris headfirst into a civil war, where her Divergent talents make her a target.

That found the concept of being persecuted for your identity fascinating in this book, as it's especially pertinent to us in our current society, where people who have an identity (be it gender or religious identity or a person's sexuality) that doesn't conform to people's idea of normal are often persecuted. The fact that it comes from Tris - a seemingly average female narrator - makes the statement all

27 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the more relevant to me, as it shows that anyone can be targeted for how they identify themselves.

The details of the story surrounding the Dauntless initiation is something that really added to the whole experience of reading the book, because it gave the scenes another level of depth. A prime example of this was the simplistic scientific scenes before Tris' fear training, and the vivid scenes that followed while she was trapped inside her head living her fears.

4.2 Suggestions

Some of the major themes covered in the book include rebellion, struggle, romance, bravery, courage, friendship, betrayal, the search for individual identity and heroism.

Tris' narration was brilliant to read, and the writer found the emotions she showed throughout the story pretty realistic coming from a teenage girl. Her relationships with the other initiates is another thing that the writer think was portrayed really well and was representative of teenage friendships with a twist on them, accounting for brutality of the situation at times throughout the book. The budding romance between Tris and Four didn't appeal to me, purely because the writer thinks that a lot of the time, it didn't add much to the plot. They could have as easily been good friends and gone through what they did. However, the writer did like four as a character, and his rapport with Tris earlier on in the book was something the writer loved.

The ending of the book was explosive and set up the sequel - Insurgent - perfectly, but that needs a review of its own. Overall the writer loved the book,

28 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and would recommend it to people who liked books such as 'The Hunger Games' by Suzanne Collins. The books exist in dystopian societies that deal with problems that modern societies face, and all three have female narrators that stand out in their own way.

29 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

Abrams, M.H. 1981. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston

Harmon, William. 2003. A Handbook to Literature. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Peck, John and Martin Coyle. 1984. How to Study Literature : Literary Terms and

Criticism. London: Macmillan Education Limited.

Roberts, Edgar and Jacobs, Henry E. 1989.Literature An Introduction to Reading

and Writing. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.

Roth, Veronica. 2012. Insurgent. New York: Katherine Tegen Books.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2015. BukuPanduan Program D-3 Study

BahasaInggris.Medan: Unpublished.

Sembiring,Matius C.A.2015.SastraInggris: KompilasiBahanKuliah. Medan:

University of Sumatera Utara.

Insurgent (Divergent) accessed on Monday, April 11th 2016 at 10.15 P.M

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgent_(novel)

Divergent (The factions) accessed on Monday, April 11th 2016 at 11.20 P.M

http://www.divergentlife.com/p/factions.html

Literary (Difinition) accessed on Sunday, April 10th 2016 at 9.42 P.M

http://literarydevices.net/plot/

Insurgent (Summary) accessed on Wednesday, April 13th 2016 at 11.35

P.Mhttp://www.gradesaver.com/insurgent/study-guide/summary

30 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

The Biography of Veronica Roth

Veronica Roth is an American novelist and short story writer known for her debut New York Times bestselling Divergent trilogy, consisting of Divergent,

Insurgent, and , and Four: A Divergent Collection. Divergent was the recipient of the Goodreads Favorite Book of 2011 and the 2012 winner for Best

Young Adult Fantasy and . Veronica Roth was born on August 19,

1988 in New York City, and was raised primarily in Barrington, Illinois. Her mother, Barbara Ross, is a painter who resides in Barrington. She is the youngest of three children. Her parents divorced when she was five years old, and her mother has since married to Frank Ross, a financial consultant for landscaping companies. Her brother and sister live in the Chicago area. She is of German and

Polish descent. Roth said that her father had a job, and worked far away. Now, she has a good relationship with her stepdad. Her maternal grandparents were concentration camp survivors, whose religious convictions pushed her mother

31 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA away from religion. Veronica Roth learned about Christianity by attending a

Christian Bible study during her high school years, and has stayed with it. Roth graduated from Barrington High School. After attending a year of college at

Carleton College, she transferred to Northwestern University for its creative writing program. She married photographer Nelson Fitch in 2011. They reside in the Chicago area. Veronica is best known for her trilogy novels: Divergent,

Insurgent, and Allegiant; Allegiant was released on October 22, 2013. She is the recipient t of the Goodreads 2011 Choice Award and the Best of 2012 in the category Young Adult Fantasy and Science Fiction and also Best Goodreads

Author in 2012.

Roth wrote her first book, Divergent, while on winter break in her senior year at Northwestern University. Her career took off rapidly with success of her first novel, with the publishing rights sold before she graduated from college in

201 and the film rights sold mid-March 2011, before the novel was printed in

April 2011. Roth sold the film rights to the Divergent series to Summit

Entertainment. Filming of Divergent, the adaptation of the first book in the series, was started in April 2013, and the film was released in March 2014. On March 21,

2014, Lionsgate officially greenlit the film adaptation of Insurgent. The film was

Universitas Sumatera Utara 27 released on March 20, 2015. On April 11, 2014,

Summit Entertainment announced that the third book Allegiant would split into two films titled Allegiant – Part 1 and Allegiant – Part 2, with Part 1 scheduled to be released on March 18, 2016 and Part 2 on March 24, 2017.

32 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Summary of The Novel

Tris Prior is a 16-year-old girl living in a futuristic dystopian Chicago where all the people in the city have split into five factions: Amity, Erudite,

Dauntless, Candor and Abnegation. Each is dedicated to the pursuit of one particular virtue: Amity prizes peacefulness; Erudite prizes knowledge; Dauntless prizes bravery; Candor prizes truthfulness; and Abnegation prizes selflessness.

As the novel begins, Tris is having dreams of Will, the Dauntless boy she killed during the conflict at the end of the previous book, Divergent. When Tris wakes up, she, her boyfriend, Tobias, their acquaintance Peter (all from the

Dauntless faction), Tris' brother, Caleb, from the Erudite faction, and Tobias' father, Marcus, from the Abnegation faction, are on a train that arrives at the

Amity compound, where they are seeking refuge from the Erudite.

In addition to Tris and her group, many refugees from Abnegation have come to the Amity compound. Amity members agree to let their headquarters be a safehouse for members of all factions, under the following conditions: No weapons are allowed in the Amity compound, no verbal or physical fights are permitted, and no discussions of the conflict between the factions are allowed.

Tris and Tobias are certain that they will not be able to stay long in the Amity compound because, as members of Dauntless, they are not good at avoiding confrontation. Tris also realizes she is already breaking the Amity rules because she is hiding a gun under her mattress, after Tobias encouraged her to keep at least one weapon hidden when they entered the compound.

33 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA That evening, Tris follows Johanna Reyes, the leader of Amity, as she goes for a walk with Tobias' father, Marcus, a leader of Abnegation. Johanna is trying to figure out why Jeanine Matthews, the Erudite leader, began an attack on the Abnegation. Marcus refuses to tell Johanna about Jeanine's motivation. He does say that the Abnegation know some sensitive information and that Jeanine was attacking them because of this information. Tris wonders what sort of information could have prompted the Erudite to attack and kill members of the

Abnegation. Tobias believes that his father is exaggerating the importance of the information in order to seem more powerful than he really is. Tobias suggests that he and Tris return to the inner city of Chicago and find a way to bring down the

Erudite faction.

Tris and her brother, Caleb, have a conversation in which she explains to him why, although she chose to become a member of the Dauntless faction, she is actually a rare personality anomaly called a Divergent. When Tris went through the faction-placement computer simulation that all teenagers take, the simulation decided that she showed Erudite, Abnegation and Dauntless characteristics. Tris' test administrator, Tori, warned Tris not to let anyone know that she was truly

Divergent because her life might be in danger. Tris' Divergent status also makes her react strangely to any computer simulations she is put into; while most people in a brain-simulation scenario are unaware that they are seeing an altered reality,

Tris always knows that she is in a simulation and can sometimes alter the simulation. Tris was immune to the dangerous computer simulation used by the

34 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Erudite to turn the Dauntless faction into mindless soldiers, which is why she was able to rescue Tobias when he was mind-controlled.

Marcus suggests to Tris that she and Tobias escort the refugee Abnegation members, himself included, back to the city. Tris meets Marcus privately and asks him about the conversation she overheard between him and Johanna. Tris mentions that her father died back in Chicago, and Marcus confirms that Tris' father died to protect the special information that the Abnegation have been guarding.

Tris continues to have nightmares about killing Will, but she is afraid to tell Tobias or anyone else about what she has done. The Erudite arrive at the

Amity compound, guarded by an escort of armed enemy-Dauntless. Tris, Tobias and all the refugee Abnegation members have to disguise themselves in order to blend in with the Amity, but Tobias is quickly discovered by an enemy-Dauntless guard. A fight breaks out, and shots are fired. Tris is unable to fire her own gun because of her traumatic memory of shooting Will, but Caleb commandeers her gun and protects her from the attacking Dauntless.

In the confusion of the fight, Tobias, Tris and the Abnegation members split up and flee the Amity compound. They escape through the cornfields, fleeing to the city of Chicago. Tris, Tobias and Caleb jump onto a train entering the city and find themselves among the factionless, homeless people who failed to pass the initiation rites for any of the five factions. They are led to a warehouse where the factionless live together. In the warehouse, they meet Tobias' mother, Evelyn, who has long been presumed dead. Evelyn is the leader of the factionless, and she

35 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA has been keeping track of the Erudite's movements. She invites Tobias to stay and help her lead the factionless, but he is not certain that he wants to join his mother, who abandoned him to his abusive father. Former Dauntless initiate Edward informs them that half the Dauntless faction has joined the villainous Erudite, while the other half is staying with the Candor faction. Almost all of the

Abnegation are living with the factionless, outside of their compounds.

Evelyn has been keeping track of the Divergent members of the factionless. Unlike Tris, most Divergent people are unable to join a faction because they cannot embrace only one way of behaving and only one way of viewing the world. Since Divergent people cannot be mind-controlled by the faction-specific simulations of the Erudite, they will be especially valuable soldiers. The factionless are trying to overthrow the Erudite so they can establish a new society without factions. Caleb goes to stay with the displaced members of the Abnegation, while Tris and Tobias go to Candor headquarters to see if they can learn more about the current conflict.

At the Candor headquarters, Tris and Tobias are placed under arrest for unknown reasons. Then they are injected with truth serum so the Candor can learn whether they helped carry out the Erudite's attack on the Abnegation. The truth serum proves Tris' and Tobias' innocence, but under the influence of the serum,

Tris also admits to killing Will during the attack.

Tris hangs out with other ally-Dauntless members who are staying at the

Candor compound. Suddenly, some enemy-Dauntless soldiers who are working for the Erudite arrive with a new type of gun and begin shooting. Tris is shot with

36 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA a blue laser beam, which knocks her to the ground. The enemy-Dauntless throw smoke bombs into the room, and Tris notices that all the ally-Dauntless around her have passed out. Tris is unaffected by the smoke, but pretends to be unconscious as the enemy-Dauntless walk in to survey the damage. She waits until no one is looking before putting on the uniform of a fallen enemy-Dauntless.

Tris' Dauntless friend Uriah is also immune to the simulation smoke, which seems to knock out only people who belong purely to one faction. Tris and

Uriah begin to search the Candor headquarters for other Divergent people who have not been knocked out by the simulation smoke. It turns out that the enemy-

Dauntless are also looking for Divergent people, and they set off the smoke bombs intentionally to find them. Tris gets into a fight with Eric, the cruel leader of the enemy-Dauntless. Eric captures her and places her under guard with several other Divergent. Eric begins to execute the Divergent, but Tris manages to stab him in the chest with a knife she had hidden in her back pocket. After Tris stabs

Eric, the enemy-Dauntless scatter and the ally-Dauntless begin to awaken and fight back. Tobias arrives to protect Tris during the fight because, after stabbing

Eric, she is in shock and unable to use a gun to defend herself.

Tris learns that Eric isn't dead, and she and Uriah discuss why Jeanine

Matthews might be trying to root out the Divergent. They think she wants control of all five factions, and in order to rule them completely, she needs to eliminate all free-thinkers like the Divergent. Tris also concludes that Jeanine has developed a new longer-lasting simulation serum to keep the population under mind-control for an unknown length of time, instead of just a few minutes.

37 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Later that evening, the Candor leader, Jack Kang, says he believes that the enemy-Dauntless and the Erudite are actually on a diplomatic mission, since they killed so few people during their attack. Kang wants to negotiate with Jeanine

Matthews, but the ally-Dauntless disagree with his plan.

When people begin to taunt Tobias for admitting that he was once terrified of his father, Marcus, Tobias picks a fight with his father. Tobias punches him and beats him with a belt, as Marcus used to do to Tobias when he was a child. Tris stops Tobias from doing any further damage to Marcus. Tris realizes that the beating was a calculated act on Tobias' part to make the ally-Dauntless respect him because he is seeking a position as their leader. As the Dauntless leader,

Tobias hopes to unite with the factionless to overthrow the Erudite.

Tris, Tobias and four other ally-Dauntless eavesdrop on Jack Kang's negotiation with Jeanine Matthews. Jeanine does not show up at the negotiation, but Max, a leader of the enemy-Dauntless, does. Max tells Jack that Candor is a disposable faction and that Jack should follow Max's orders. From Max's strange speech patterns, Tris deduces that Jeanine herself is giving him the words to say by communicating through an earpiece, which means she must be nearby. Tris' friend Lynn shoots Max in the chest, and in the resulting confusion, Tris begins to look for Jeanine. She discovers that Peter has become an enemy-Dauntless and is guarding Jeanine, but she has to let Peter go because one of her friends is injured.

Tris, Tobias and their friends return to the Candor compound, but Tobias has grown increasingly concerned that Tris is trying to get herself killed because she

38 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA rushes into needlessly reckless situations. Tris argues that she is trying to be protective and sacrificial like her parents were, but Tobias says that her parents sacrificed out of necessity while Tris keeps entering life-threatening situations even when no one needs her to do so.

The ally-Dauntless decide to return to the Dauntless compound and take it back from the Erudite. Tobias is elected as one of the ally-Dauntless' new leaders, and one of his first duties is executing the enemy-Dauntless leader Eric. The ally-

Dauntless return to their headquarters.Tris and Tobias go to meet with Evelyn and

Edward, leaders of the factionless. They agree to join forces to bring down the

Erudite, though Tris feels conflicted about destroying an entire faction.

That night, Tris wakes to find that three of the ally-Dauntless have been put under a mind-control simulation. The mind-controlled people are standing at the edge of a rooftop as if they are about to jump off. Jeanine Matthews uses the voice of one girl to say that a few mind-controlled ally-Dauntless will kill themselves every two days until one of the Divergent delivers themselves to

Erudite headquarters. Tris and her friend Christina manage to save two of the ally-

Dauntless from jumping, but the third leaps to her death.

Tris decides that she will give herself up to the Erudite in order to spare the Dauntless any more deaths. Tobias is furious at Tris for wanting to give up her life, and she lies and tells him that she does not intend to leave. Tris sneaks out and goes to the Erudite headquarters where Peter becomes her main guard.

Jeanine says that they are going to study Tris' brain so they can make a simulation that properly mind-controls the Divergent. After the Erudite have finished

39 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA studying Tris' brain, she will be executed. Tris is resigned to her own death, but she is angry when Tobias arrives at the Erudite headquarters, saying he wants to die as well.

Tris is put through several mind-control simulations. She is tortured with a terror-simulator so that Tobias will tell Jeanine the locations of the factionless safe houses. Jeanine also reveals to Tris that her own brother, Caleb, is the one who gave the Erudite most of the information about Tris. Tobias fights his guard and briefly escapes with Tris, but he does not try to leave the compound. He and Tris search through the Erudite headquarters to find the control room. Tobias then tells

Tris that he did not come on a suicide mission, after all. He was sent to find the

Erudite's control room so that the attacking ally-Dauntless could destroy Jeanine's simulation data. He also came to encourage Tris to hold onto her hopes because she will be rescued within two weeks.

After Tris is re-captured, Jeanine tells Tris that she is trying to mind- control everyone in Chicago because there is a threat from outside the city. Tris gets free of her guard, Peter, and scratches Jeanine's face until it bleeds. Jeanine looks at Tris with anger and hatred, which pleases Tris because she feels like she has defeated her robotic enemy by making Jeanine feel negative emotions. Peter tells Tris that her execution has been ordered for the next day.

In the morning, Tris is escorted to her execution room. Jeanine injects Tris with a serum that is supposed to kill her. However, although Tris' heartbeat no longer registers on the monitor and she loses the ability to move, she is still aware of her environment and can hear what is going on around her. Peter wheels Tris'

40 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA inert body to a room where Tobias waits, and Peter offers to carry Tris while all three of them escape. Peter has arranged for them to get away from the Erudite headquarters by sliding out of the deactivated trash incinerator.

Tobias takes Tris and Peter to the Abnegation sector. Tobias brings Tris to stay in his parents' old house. When they arrive, Tobias promises to be Tris' family now that her parents are dead and her brother is a traitor. The next day,

Tris enjoys spending time with the factionless, people who are not trying to define themselves by the pursuit of one behavioral trait. In the Abnegation sector, Tris meets with Marcus, who finally tells her that Jeanine attacked the Abnegation because they were about to publically reveal some information about the world outside of the city. Marcus worries that if the factionless are allowed to completely destroy the Erudite, they may also destroy this important information about the outside world.

The factionless and ally-Dauntless prepare to attack the Erudite. Tris decides to secretly take her friend Christina and help Marcus. Tris and Christina dress like Amity girls so Marcus can smuggle them into the Amity compound.

There, they tell Johanna Reyes about the ally-Dauntless and the factionless attacking the Erudite. Johanna and a few of the Amity decide to head toward the battle in order to be peacekeepers, while the other Amity stay behind.

Tris, Marcus, some Amity and some ally-Erudite leave to attack the

Erudite headquarters. Tris' brother, Caleb, an enemy-Erudite, threatens her with a gun, but Marcus knocks Caleb unconscious. Tris discovers that the important data

41 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA about the outside world is actually on Jeanine's personal computer. Tris and

Marcus search for it.

Tris enters a room in the Erudite building, and the room produces a simulation scenario. Tris is told that she must reach the blue door within five minutes or she will be poisoned with gas. Tris has to fight a simulation of her own self, which means that she has to find a way to outthink herself. Tris can mentally manipulate simulations, so she imagines a gun for herself to use. Tris has not been able to wield a gun since she shot Will, and now her simulated double transforms into an image of Will. Tris manages to shoot the simulated Will in order to get to the blue door before the poison kills her. Tris finds Jeanine on the other side of the door, but before she can get Jeanine to retrieve the information from her personal computer, an ally-Dauntless leader named Tori kills Jeanine by stabbing her in the stomach.

Now that the Erudite have been overrun, Evelyn announces that all factions will be disbanded since the faction system is flawed. The factionless surround the remaining ally-Dauntless in the Erudite headquarters lobby, dissolving their alliance and capturing them. Tobias enters the Erudite lobby and tells Tris that he persuaded Caleb to find Jeanine's hidden information. The screens in the Erudite lobby begin to broadcast the secret Jeanine wanted to keep hidden.

In the video, a woman named Amanda Ritter explains that she is part of an organization dedicated to justice and peace. She explains that humankind has become so senselessly violent and cruel now that there is no single enemy to fight

42 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA — the battle is essentially against human nature itself. Amanda says that in order to keep the citizens of Chicago safe, her organization made sure that the factions had their own water and power supply. The organization also set up the faction system, in hopes that the citizens of Chicago would regain the morality that the outer world had lost. Amanda says that over time, more citizens with flexible minds will be born — the Divergent. When enough Divergent exist, the Amity are supposed to unlock the gate to the outer world so that the citizens of the factions may emerge and help the outer world. Amanda says that she, among others, is volunteering to have her memories wiped and replaced so she can become a part of the faction experiment. Amanda says that her new name will be Edith Prior, and the video ends.

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