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William Wilberforce: Triumph Over Britain’S Slave Trade
William Wilberforce: Triumph Over Britain’s Slave Trade Abigail Rahn Senior Division Historical Paper Words: 2499 Rahn 1 History has shown that the road to societal change is often paved with hardship and sorrow. The fight to end the British slave trade was a poignant example of the struggles to reach that change. The British slave trade thrived for over two centuries and was responsible for transporting 3.4 million slaves, mainly to Spanish, Portuguese, and British colonies.1 This horrific institution was permeated with misery, corruption, and cruelty. The conditions on the ships were abhorrent. The male captives were shackled together below deck, unable to move, and forced to lie in their own filth.2 The women were allowed some mobility and stayed on deck but were exposed to sexual harassment.3 Yet the appalling trade was “as accepted as birth and marriage and death.”4 It was not until William Wilberforce decided to combat slavery within Parliament that slaves had true hope of freedom. William Wilberforce’s campaign against the British slave trade, beginning in 1789, was a seemingly-endless battle against the trade’s relentless supporters. His faith propelled him through many personal tragedies for nearly two decades before he finally triumphed over the horrific trade. Because of Wilberforce’s faith-fueled determination, the slave trade was eradicated in the most powerful empire in the world. After the trade was abolished, Wilberforce fought for emancipation of all slaves in the British empire. He died just days after the House of Commons passed the act to free all slaves, an act that owed its existence to Wilberforce’s relentless fight against the slave trade.5 1Clarkson, Thomas. -
Gladstone and the Bank of England: a Study in Mid-Victorian Finance, 1833-1866
GLADSTONE AND THE BANK OF ENGLAND: A STUDY IN MID-VICTORIAN FINANCE, 1833-1866 Patricia Caernarv en-Smith, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: Denis Paz, Major Professor Adrian Lewis, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Laura Stern, Committee Member Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Caernarven-Smith, Patricia. Gladstone and the Bank of England: A Study in Mid- Victorian Finance, 1833-1866. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 378 pp., 11 tables, bibliography, 275 titles. The topic of this thesis is the confrontations between William Gladstone and the Bank of England. These confrontations have remained a mystery to authors who noted them, but have generally been ignored by others. This thesis demonstrates that Gladstone’s measures taken against the Bank were reasonable, intelligent, and important for the development of nineteenth-century British government finance. To accomplish this task, this thesis refutes the opinions of three twentieth-century authors who have claimed that many of Gladstone’s measures, as well as his reading, were irrational, ridiculous, and impolitic. My primary sources include the Gladstone Diaries, with special attention to a little-used source, Volume 14, the indexes to the Diaries. The day-to-day Diaries and the indexes show how much Gladstone read about financial matters, and suggest that his actions were based to a large extent upon his reading. In addition, I have used Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates and nineteenth-century periodicals and books on banking and finance to understand the political and economic debates of the time. -
Scotland: Bruce 286
Scotland: Bruce 286 Scotland: Bruce Robert the Bruce “Robert I (1274 – 1329) the Bruce holds an honored place in Scottish history as the king (1306 – 1329) who resisted the English and freed Scotland from their rule. He hailed from the Bruce family, one of several who vied for the Scottish throne in the 1200s. His grandfather, also named Robert the Bruce, had been an unsuccessful claimant to the Scottish throne in 1290. Robert I Bruce became earl of Carrick in 1292 at the age of 18, later becoming lord of Annandale and of the Bruce territories in England when his father died in 1304. “In 1296, Robert pledged his loyalty to King Edward I of England, but the following year he joined the struggle for national independence. He fought at his father’s side when the latter tried to depose the Scottish king, John Baliol. Baliol’s fall opened the way for fierce political infighting. In 1306, Robert quarreled with and eventually murdered the Scottish patriot John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, in their struggle for leadership. Robert claimed the throne and traveled to Scone where he was crowned king on March 27, 1306, in open defiance of King Edward. “A few months later the English defeated Robert’s forces at Methven. Robert fled to the west, taking refuge on the island of Rathlin off the coast of Ireland. Edward then confiscated Bruce property, punished Robert’s followers, and executed his three brothers. A legend has Robert learning courage and perseverance from a determined spider he watched during his exile. “Robert returned to Scotland in 1307 and won a victory at Loudon Hill. -
James Sack Curriculum Vitae Personal
James Sack Curriculum Vitae Personal: Rank: Professor Address: History Department (M/C 198) University of Illinois at Chicago 601 South Morgan Street Chicago, IL 60607-7109 Phone: (312) 413-9355 Fax: (312) 996-6377 Email: [email protected] Education: B.A., University of Notre Dame (1967) M.A., University of Michigan (1968) Ph.D., University of Michigan (1973) Publications: Book: The Grenvillites, 1801-1829: Party Politics and Factionalism in the age of Pitt and Liverpool (University of Illinois Press, 1979) From Jacobite to Conservative: Reaction and Orthodoxy in Britain, c. 1760-1832 (Cambridge University Press, 1993; paperback, 2004) Refereed Articles: "Decline of the Grenvillite Faction," Journal of British Studies (Autumn, 1975) "The Grenvilles' eminence rise: The Rev. Charles O'Connor and the latter days of Anglo- Gallicanism," Harvard Theological Review (January-April 1979) "House of Lords and parliamentary patronage in Great Britain, 1802-1832," Historical Journal (December 1980) "The memory of Burke and the memory of Pitt: English Conservatism confronts its past, 1806-1829," Historical Journal (September 1987) "The Quarterly Review and the Baptism of the `Conservative Party' -- A Conundrum Resolved," Victorian Periodicals Review (Winter 1991) "The Grenvillites, fl. 1801-1829," On-line article, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2007), Group Series "The Ultra-Tories, fl. 1827-1834," On-line article, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2008), Group Series "The British Conservative press and its involvement in Antisemetic and Racial Discourse, circa 1830-1895," Journal of the Historical Society (December, 2008) Unrefereed Article: "Edmund Burke: An Ambiguous Legacy," Reflections: Newsletter of the Edmund Burke Society (London, June 1998), p. -
William Cormack on William Pitt and the French Revolution
Jennifer Mori. William Pitt and the French Revolution: 1785-1795. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. xi + 305 pp. $55.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-312-17308-1. Reviewed by William S. Cormack Published on H-France (November, 1998) In the eyes of the Jacobins the French Repub‐ graphical division between the "conservative leg‐ lic's most dangerous enemy was British prime end", which portrays Pitt as the steadfast oppo‐ minister William Pitt the Younger. Not only was nent of revolutionary anarchy and thus hero of he the guiding spirit behind the First Coalition emerging "Toryism", and the interpretation of against France, but they attributed internal divi‐ "liberal descent", which suggests he was a Whig sions and treacheries to the corrupting power of reformer until the emergency of 1792 set him "Pitt's Gold". The claim made by the Committee of against the expansionist Revolution. Mori con‐ Public Safety's naval expert, Andre Jeanbon Saint- tends that referring to Pitt's speeches alone can be Andre, that the treason of Toulon and the mutiny misleading and cannot explain his multiple and of the Brest feet in 1793 were the outcome of a contradictory policies as prime minister. Instead, vast counter-revolutionary conspiracy involving she seeks to clarify the distinction between his Pitt, was not unique [1]. While more sceptical carefully constructed public image and his private about his machinations, French historians have opinions. Mori explains the rhetoric and actions also portrayed Pitt as the Revolution's arch-antag‐ of the Pitt ministry from 1785 to 1795 in terms of onist. -
Department of the Prime Minister’, Historians Urge Brown - Five Lessons from History to Guide New Prime Minister
Monday, 11 June, 2007 Abolish ‘Department of the Prime Minister’, historians urge Brown - Five lessons from history to guide new Prime Minister A new History & Policy paper published today calls on Gordon Brown to follow in the footsteps of Lloyd George, Wilson and Major by adopting a radically different style of Government from his predecessor. Professor Emeritus George Jones of the LSE and Dr Andrew Blick argue Brown can make his mark as a leader by abolishing Blair’s semi-official ‘Department of the Prime Minister’, withdrawing from the minute detail of public service reform and focusing on the most pressing policy challenges, such as counter-terrorism and the environment. Professor Jones said: “Many past Prime Ministers – from David Lloyd George to Harold Wilson and John Major – have established contrasting identities from their predecessors. New bodies such as the Delivery Unit have enabled Blair to make unprecedented prime-ministerial interventions in public services. Brown should make it clear he intends to do the opposite. He should resist the siren voices - such as Sir Michael Barber, former head of the Delivery Unit - urging him to formalise a ‘Department of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet’. In turn he can achieve more by attempting less.” Dr Blick said: “Blair constructed a vast prime-ministerial team to bypass Cabinet. But history shows that collective government is the best way to develop and test policy, ensuring it is practically and politically effective. History is littered with premiers who isolated Cabinet from decision- making - Chamberlain, Eden and Thatcher - to disastrous effect. “We welcome the news that there will be a senior civil servant appointed to oversee collective government. -
An Art of Translation: Churchill's Uses of Eighteenth-Century British History
An Art of Translation: Churchill’s Uses of Eighteenth-Century British History Charles-Edouard Levillain To cite this version: Charles-Edouard Levillain. An Art of Translation: Churchill’s Uses of Eighteenth-Century British His- tory. XVII-XVIII Revue de la Société d’études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles , Société d’études anglo-américaines des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles, Lille, 2020, 10.4000/1718.3779. hal-03251134 HAL Id: hal-03251134 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03251134 Submitted on 6 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. XVII-XVIII Revue de la Société d’études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles 76 | 2019 Crimes et criminels An Art of Translation: Churchill’s Uses of Eighteenth-Century British History Charles-Édouard Levillain Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/1718/3779 DOI: 10.4000/1718.3779 ISSN: 2117-590X Publisher Société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles Electronic reference Charles-Édouard Levillain, « An Art of Translation: Churchill’s Uses of Eighteenth-Century British History », XVII-XVIII [Online], 76 | 2019, Online since 31 December 2019, connection on 07 January 2020. -
Clan Dunbar 2014 Tour of Scotland in August 14-26, 2014: Journal of Lyle Dunbar
Clan Dunbar 2014 Tour of Scotland in August 14-26, 2014: Journal of Lyle Dunbar Introduction The Clan Dunbar 2014 Tour of Scotland from August 14-26, 2014, was organized for Clan Dunbar members with the primary objective to visit sites associated with the Dunbar family history in Scotland. This Clan Dunbar 2014 Tour of Scotland focused on Dunbar family history at sites in southeast Scotland around Dunbar town and Dunbar Castle, and in the northern highlands and Moray. Lyle Dunbar, a Clan Dunbar member from San Diego, CA, participated in both the 2014 tour, as well as a previous Clan Dunbar 2009 Tour of Scotland, which focused on the Dunbar family history in the southern border regions of Scotland, the northern border regions of England, the Isle of Mann, and the areas in southeast Scotland around the town of Dunbar and Dunbar Castle. The research from the 2009 trip was included in Lyle Dunbar’s book entitled House of Dunbar- The Rise and Fall of a Scottish Noble Family, Part I-The Earls of Dunbar, recently published in May, 2014. Part I documented the early Dunbar family history associated with the Earls of Dunbar from the founding of the earldom in 1072, through the forfeiture of the earldom forced by King James I of Scotland in 1435. Lyle Dunbar is in the process of completing a second installment of the book entitled House of Dunbar- The Rise and Fall of a Scottish Noble Family, Part II- After the Fall, which will document the history of the Dunbar family in Scotland after the fall of the earldom of Dunbar in 1435, through the mid-1700s, when many Scots, including his ancestors, left Scotland for America. -
The Historical Context of Macbeth
The Historical Context of Macbeth EXPLORING Shakespeare, 2003 Shakespeare wrote Macbeth sometime between 1605 and 1606, shortly after the ascension of King James of Scotland to the English throne. The new monarch brought Scotland—previously known to the English only as a mysterious, conquered neighbor—into the public limelight. The period of James' reign was further marked by political and religious conflict, much of which focused the kingdom's attention on the danger of regicide. Events in History at the Time of the Play Sources Following the process used in the creation of many of his plays, Shakespeare drew the plot for Macbeth from historical sources—particularly Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1577), the authoritative historical text of the period. Although Holinshed contains the story of Macbeth and Duncan, Shakespeare did not rely on this only; rather, he combined different stories and different versions of the same story to create his drama. The Chronicles include an account of King Malcolm II (reigned 1005-34), whose throne passed first to Duncan I (reigned 1034-40) and then to Macbeth (reigned 1040-57), both of whom were his grandsons. For his portrayal of the murder through which Macbeth took Duncan's throne, Shakespeare mined another vein of the Chronicles—King Duff's death at the hands of one of his retainers, Donwald. In combining the two events, Shakespeare crafted a specific tone for the tale of regicide. When King Malcolm II of Scotland died in 1034, his last command was that the throne should pass to his oldest grandson, Duncan. -
A Short Account of St. James's Street Branch, Lloyds Bank
- A short account of St. James's Street Branch, Lloyds Bank. A short account of St. James's Street Branch St. James's Street is one of those few London thoroughfares that have managed to retain the grace and distinction of their past, despite all the changes that have taken place around them. So that, even today, there lingers along its length an atmosphere of style and charm long since passed elsewhere. Indeed the motor cars parked outside its famous clubs seem little removed from the horsedrawn coaches of former times. Now as then, the famous and the influential walk its pavements deep in conversation just like so many famous men before them. Pope lodged in St. James's Street and Byron too, while Christopher Wren died here, as did the unhappy cartoonist Gillray, who in 181 5 threw himself in despair from an upper window of No. 29, next door to Boodles Club. But the event we celebrate this year, while historic, is important in a rather more prosaic sense, for it was exactly two hundred years ago this year, at No. 16 St. James's Street, that the banking business of Robert Merries was formed; thus founding a tradition uninterrupted to the present day. For from that time until this its books have borne the famous names of each succeeding generation, and its staff have carried on unfailingly the standards of dignity and service established in the eighteenth century. Since 1893, when the business was first taken over by Lloyds Bank, we have done our best to maintain this tradition in harmony with the great technical improvements in banking procedures that have taken place in modern times. -
The Nicolsons”, Published in West Highland Notes & Queries, Ser
“1467 MS: The Nicolsons”, published in West Highland Notes & Queries, ser. 4, no. 7 (July. 2018), pp. 3–18 1467 MS: The Nicolsons The Nicolsons have been described as ‘the leading family in the Outer Hebrides towards the end of the Norse period’, but any consideration of their history must also take account of the MacLeods.1 The MacLeods do not appear on record until 1343, when David II granted two thirds of Glenelg to Malcolm son of Tormod MacLeod of Dunvegan, and some lands in Assynt to Torquil MacLeod of Lewis;2 nor do they appear in the 1467 MS, which the late John Bannerman described as ‘genealogies of the important clan chiefs who recognised the authority of the Lords of the Isles c. 1400’.3 According to Bannerman’s yardstick, either the MacLeods had failed to recognise the authority of the lords of the Isles by 1400, or they were simply not yet important enough to be included. History shows that they took the place of the Nicolsons, who are not only included in the manuscript, but given generous space in the fourth column (NLS Adv. ms 72.1.1, f. 1rd27–33) between the Mathesons and Gillanderses, both of whom are given much less. It seems that the process of change was far from over by 1400. The circumstances were these. From c. 900 to 1266 Skye and Lewis belonged to the Norse kingdom of Man and the Isles. During the last century of this 366- year period, from c. 1156, the Norse-Gaelic warrior Somerled and his descendants held the central part of the kingdom, including Bute, Kintyre, Islay, Mull and all the islands as far north as Uist, Barra, Rum, Eigg, Muck and Canna. -
And Domestic Politics, 1800-1804. by Charles John Fedorak London
The Addington Ministry and the Interaction of Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics, 1800-1804. by Charles John Fedorak London School of Economics and Political Science Submitted in requirement for the degree of PhD, University of London, 1990. UMI Number: U048269 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U048269 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TH"£Sc S F 776y 2 Abstract Historians have generally dismissed the ministry of Henry Addington as an absurd interlude in the political career of William Pitt, the Younger, and the few attempts to rehabilitate Addington have been unable to overcome the weight of this negative historiography. The focus of contemporary and historical criticism has centred on the foreign and war policies of the ministry, but this has failed to take into account the serious and interrelated diplomatic, military, social, and political problems faced by the government. Social unrest caused largely by high prices of grain, political pressure from interests that had been hurt by the closure of European markets to British trade, and a poor diplomatic and strategic position meant that peace was highly desirable but that concessions were necessary to obtain it.