ANCESTRAL LINEAGE

Mildred Olive Sates McCann Prince Adair George

County County

Iowa Virginia

WITH INDEX

FOREWORD

The initial u.ndertaking was precisely as indicated by title of this brochure; but, in developing that project, we encountered a medley of collateral•information, the discarding of which would be u.nholy, We decided to merge a mass of information into a pot pouri, which has overtaxed our abilities to assemble into an order­ ly genealogical exposition.

The product which we apologetically submit is a mixed mass of genealogy, biography, and documentation, which defies orderly presentation, Nevertheless, we hope that our efforts.will be re­ vealing to the many Bates descendants who have had little or no knowledge of their forebears.

Perhaps our endeavor would be more appropriately titled SOME DESCENDANTS OF CLEMENT BATES, COLONIST OF COHASSET, MASSACHUSETTS. His blood runs to a progeny of more than six hundred, recorded in these pages, and scattered from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from Canada to Texas.

To Pauline Shaffer Bates of Cody, Wyoming, to Marian Booth Coolidge of Houston, Texas, and her sister Margaret Booth Heroy of Dallas, Texas, to Annabel Smith Horner of Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Alberta T. Main of Washington, D. C., and to Marian Shaffer Steele of Roswell, Georgia, we acknowledge their unstinted aid and assistance in the preparation of this pamphlet; and in the text we have duly credited individuals who have contri­ buted special information beyond their particular familieso

Virginia Wilhelm Graham William Ray McCann Cresskill, New Jersey Hopewell, Virginia 1964

Ancestors in England . • • • • • • • • • . 1

Clement and Ann Bates-Colonists, 1635 . . . . 3

Sixth Generation-The Shakers Appear ...... 8

Eighth Generation-The Shakers Disappear . . . 11

A Bates-Smith Lineage ...... 12

A Bates-Thomson-Lantier Lineage • • • . . 13

Family of Edmund Theodore Bates . • • • • .15

An Interlude-Jeanette Bates . . . • • • • .18

Family of Walter C. Bates . . . • • • . . .23

A Bit of Simmons Genealogy . • • • • " . . 30

The Shaker Harvest . . • • • ...... 33

Index ...... • • • ...... End

A bb·reviations b. - born; m. - married; d. - died; i. - interred; q.v. - see elsewhere herein.

Ancestral Lineage for eight generations in America

of

MILDRED OLIVE BATES. (McCANN)

Bate is an early English surname of record as early as the 12th centuryo Thusly spelled, with occasional variations as Batte,and Bat., the name multiplied in English records until the exodus in 1630-40 of many Puritans to sundry localities in Massachusetts Bay Colony, where the spelling of Bate gradually was replaced by Bates, which was quite common in Revolutionary dayso A spelling of Batts is prevalent in southern states, and Batte is common in Virginiav

As to the origin of the name, our reading reveals much theory and little fact; the shortest definition, and a quite appropriate one has been expressed by the Reverend Newton Wo Bates, West Bloomfield, No Y., September 1, 1904, "some authorities derive the name from the Anglo­ 1 1 11 Saxon word 'batet meani.ng contention o

Of our English forebears, much literature has bee.n produced by numerous investigators') We read this literature, however, with a degree of skepticism that does not admit our complete acceptanceo The Reverend Newton Whitmarsh Bates, for many years Secretary-treasurer and the backbone of The Bates Association, is one of our authorities for the following ancestors:

A. "James Bate of Lydd, England, yeoman, married Mary Martine June 6, 1580. He died March 2, 16140 He had childre.n, Robert, James, Anna, Anna, John, Thomas, Edward, Clement(!}, Joseph, Mary, Isaac, Rachel, and Martha. His son James settled at Dorchester, Masso His

son Clement settled at Hingham, Masso I and probably others settled in .neighboring townso" Persistent tradition, with many mysterious ramifications, saith fallaciously that Elder Edward Bates of Weymouth (1605-1686) was a brother to James of Dorchester and Clement of Hingham, who had a brother named Edward, born Oct. 8, 1592 and buried Octo 3, 1616 in England. Refs. 4 and So

B. "John Bate of Lydd, Jurat (Alderman), married Mildred Ward Octo 28, 1546, who was buried June 2, 1577. He married Mary Bennett June 16, 15800 He had children, Mary, James, Thomas, and Andre"".• ''

- 1 - "Andrew Bate of Lydd, died in 1533. He had children., Joan, Simon, William, John, Katherine, and Thomaso 11

"John Bate of Lydd., died in l 522, leaving two sons, Thomas and Andrewo He was Jurat of Lydd, and in his will left .about 20 pounds to the Lydd church. 11

"Thomas Bate of Lydd, died in 1485, leaving two sons,

John and Williamo II

"Henry Bate of Lydd, wife's name Agnes, will dated May 20, 1478, had children James, Simon, Andrew1 and Thomaso"

"John Bate of Lydd., named in t}1e wills of his brother William and his son Henry., both wills dated 14780 11 Thus, "the ancestors of Clement Bates of Hingham, Masso can be traced back to John Bate of Lydd., Parish of All Hallows., County of Kent, England, who died in 15220 11

In passing from ancestors in England to those in America, we pause to state the purpose of this pamphlet; fundamentally we propose to bridge a hereto£ ore existing gap between the fifth generation and the eighth. Our research has been principally a study of inter-family letters written by those of the ninth generation, to find clues that we have pursued in obtaining records and literature supporting the facts that are embodied in this script. For oi:n:­ efforts, it is· our fond hope to reach numerous cousins and descendants who will extend our research to embrace today's children of an eleventh and a twelfth generationo

We have read various and sundry items pertaining to Bates genealogy; and we mention a few of many references that we have consulted, giving credit thereto for most of the source material that we are using in compiling the first five generations hereino

Refo 1. The Bates Bulletins and pamphlets published by The Bates Association, 1907 ~ seq, largely compiled by Rev. Newton yv" Bates, supra" Ref. 2. Cohasset Genealosies. an.d Town History, 1909, published under the auspices of The Committee on Town flistory. Refo 3," History of Hingham, Massachusetts, Volo II, published by the Town of Hingham. At one time integrated, Hingham and Cohasset separated in 1 770 to become segregated townso Ref~ 4. Ge~ealogy of 9esc~ndants of ~dward Bates of Weymouth, Masso, by Samuel Austin Bates (1822-1897) of Braintree, Masso Refci 5o Ancestral Line of Capto Lemuel Bates, by Albert Carlos Bates, Hartford, 1943.,

- 2 - Refo 6. Ancestors and Descendants of Asa Bates, by Newtoi: Wo Bates, _supra, 1904, West Bloomfield, N.Y.

CLEMENT BATES(!} was baptized at Lydd, England, January 22, 1595. In a List of Erili&rants to America it is stated that Clement Bates, aged 40, a "taylor", with-Ann his wife, also aged 40 years, five children and two servants, embarked at London for New England April 6,· 1635 in the ship Elizabeth. He came to Hingham, Massachusetts, and on September 18, 1635 he received a grant of five acres of land, which has been held by descendants almost continuously to the present century. Ann, his wife, died in Hingham, October l, 1669, aged 76 years. Clement died September 17, 1671, aged 76 yearso In 1927, to Clement anu Ann, The Bates Association erected in Hingham a memorial markerci James Bates, baptised December 2, 1582, an older brother of Clement, also came to America in 1635, not necessarily, but perhaps, on the Elizabeth. Refs. 1 and 60 Children of Clement and Ann Bates James(2), bo 1621 in England. Clement(2), b. 1623 in Englando Rachel(2), b. 1627 in Englando Joseph(2}., ho 1630 in England. Benjamin( Z), ho 16 33 in England. Samuel(2), ho 1639 in Hingham, Massachusetts.

JOSEPH BATES(Z) - Clement(!), b. 1630 in England; do April 30, 1706 at Hingham, Massachusetts; m. January 9, 1657-58 in Hingham, Massachusetts to Esther daughter of William Hilliardo She was bo March 25, 1642 in Boston (daughter of William, b. 1614, and Hester Hilliard), and d. June 3, 1709. Joseph was a bricklayer, constable, selectman four times, and sexton of the parisho He and Esther have many descendants. In his will of April 24, 1706, Joseph mentions and provides for wife Esther - also four sons and four. daughters, naming so.ns but not daughterso Refo 3. Children of Joseph and Esther Hilliard Bates, all bo in Hingham Joseph{3), b. September 28, 1660; mo Mary Lincolno Refo 2, pp. 22-32 incl. Esther(3), ho August 29, 1663; m. Richard Cobbo Caleb{3), b. March 30i 1666. Han.nah(3 ), bo October 31, 1668.

Joshua(3) 1 b. August 14, 16710 Refo 2., ppo 33-52 incl. Bathsheba{3), b.a January 26, 1673/ 740 Cleme.nt(3 ), b. September 22, 1676; drowned June 29, 1706, aged 300 Eleanor(3), b41 August 29, 1679; do following September. Abigail (3 ), b. October 16, l 680; mo June 12, 1704 John Chubbacko

l>. - born; 111. - matried; d. - died; i. - interred; q.v. - see elsewhere herein.

- 3 - CALEB BATES(3) - Joseph(Z), Clement(!), b. March 30, 1666 in Hingham, Massachusetts; do there August 15, 1747; mo (1st) August 26, 1689 in Hingham to Ruth _____ who· d. September 20, 1690; m. (2nd) April 14, 1691 Mary, daughter of Josiah and Mary Lane - she was ho September 29, 1671 in Hingham and d. there December 11, 1715; m. (3rd) June 10, 1716 Sarah, daughter of Anthony and Elizabeth. (Bartlett) Sprague - she was b. May 23, 1674 in Hingham and do there October 9, 1751. He was a masono Refo 3. Children of Caleb and Mary Lan~ Bates, all b. in Hingham. Comfort(4), b. March 2, 1691 /92. Mary(4), b. May Z6, 1694; m. October 18, 1716 Israel Leavitto David(4), bo September 2 5, 1698. John(4), b., December 3, 17000 Ruth(4), b" ; mo December 15, 1727 Joseph Mansfield. Child of Caleb------and Sarah Sprague Bates. Caleb(4), b. November 9, 1718 in Hinghamo

DAVID BATES(4) -_ Caleb(3), Joseph(2), Clement(!), b. September 25, 1698 in Hingham, Massachusetts; d. there October 12, 1760; m. (ls.t)June 2, 1719 in Boston to Patience, daughter of William and Patience (Tower) Farrow - she was ho January 7, 1701-2, and d. J~nuary 21, 1757; m. (2nd) June 8, 1 757 to Mrso Mercy (Kent) Stodder, widow of Stephen Stodder, and daughter of Ebenezer and Hannah {Ga·nnett) Kent; ?v1ercy survived David and mo (2nd) Jonathan Beal, widower. David, a farmer and trader, was Constable in Hingham, 1733-4 and 1741 ;· he resided on King Street, seco.nd precinct (now Cohasset), and was familiarly known as "King David - Mason"; as one of the builders of the 1st. Parish meeting-house in 1747, his name is on one of the foundation stones. Ref. 2, pp 52-3-40 Children of David and Patience Farrow Bates, all b. in Hinghamo David(S), b. November 19, 1719; m. March 4, 1736 Hannah, daughter of Daniel and Eliz. (Whitcomb) Lincoln of Hingham. Son David was a soldier in French and Indian Waro

Jona than ( 5), b o October 2 5, 1 7 21 o Patience(S), b. July 18, 1723; m. January 13, 1742-3 Amos Joy. William(S), b. August 2, 1725. James(S), b. April 2, 1727 and d. before his father. 1v1ary(5), bo May 11, .1729; mo (1st) November 23, 1748 Joseph Joy; m. (2nd) February 18, 1752 Micah Jepson. See "History and Genealogy of Chesterfield County, " 196 2, p. 20 5. 0 Susanna(S), bapt. October 1 731; m. January 22, 1749- 50 Samuel Orcutt. Issacher(S), b. May 6, 1733 and d. January 15, 1734-5. Issacher(S), b. November 6, 1735. Frederick(5), bo November 9, 1739 was a Revolutionary soldiero Rhoda(S), bapt. March 14, 1741-2; mo May 28, 1761 Asa Burr. Hosea(S), b. May 29, 1 7450

- 4 - WILLIAM BATES(S) - David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(Z), Clement(!), b. Aug. Z, 1725 in Hingham, 2nd. precinct(now Cohasset); d. Aug. 9, 1803 in Plainfield, Mass. at age 78.(Plainfield Record, Vol. 1, p. 523); m.(lst) March 29, 1748 Mercy b .. Oct. 1, 1732 in Hingham, 2nd. precinct, a daughter of Prince and H~nnah (Orcutt) Joy, William was a bricklayer by trade. About 1 761 the .family moved to Sherborn, near Framingham in Middlesex County, Massa­ chusetts, where two more children were added to the five living children who were born in what is now Cohasset" How long the family lingered in Sherborn, we do not knovv-; but, prior to the Revolution, it joined a north­ westerly migration through Worcester County that ultimately ended about 1800 for many of the migrants in a Shaker settlement at Watervliet, New York. Before reaching their destinations, many migrants tarried and settled in .northern Massachusetts at the toV\ftls of Athol, Chesterfield, Con­ way, Cumznington, Phillipston, Plainfield, Templeton, and elsewhere there­ abouts. In the list of children below, the birthplaces indicate the localities in which the family settled at various timeso William no doubt plied his trade of bricklaye.r much of the time, interspersing trade with farming for liveli­ hood. The Cohasset history (Ref. 2, Po 53) notes William as a Revolutionary soldier, which would be fifteen years or more a.fter he had moved from that locality, We have found no record of his war serviceo Childr~n of William and ¥ercy Joy Bates, first six ho in Hingham. Noah(6), b. September 26, 1_750 in Hingham; do November 17510 Mercy(6), ho December l 8, 1751 in Hingham. Noah(6), b. February 6, 1754, m. (1st) Ruth Maynard, (2nd) Betsey Cutler. Hannah(6), b. December 31, 17 55 m. {int.) April 22, 1 774, David Traino Issachar(6), b. January 24, 1758. See elsewhere hereino Sarah(6), b. Ju.ne 27, 1760 in Hingham. Theodore(6), b. October 11, 1762 in Sherborn, Massachusettso Olive(6), b.August 27, 1764 in Sherborn, Massachusetts.* Dolle(6), bapt. July 27, 1771 in Athol, Massachusettso Caleb(6), bapt.September 7, 1775inAthol, Mass., probablyb .. Aug.6,1774 .. ** William(6), bapt.Septo 7, 1775inAthol, Massachusetts,d.Feb. 29., 17760 William Junior(6), bapt. June 11, 1776 in Athol, Massachusetts. The last four children are recorded as "children of William and Mercy" in Athol V. S. to 1850, which likewise records the death of William Jro to be February 29, 1776 - all church records. We do not attempt to reconcile the apparent inconsistencies of dates; baptisms usually are not birthdates., *Templeton is about ten miles east of Athol, near Gardner. Its V. S. to 1850 records a marriage November 16, 1785 of an Olive Bates to Nathaniel Knight. They had a son, Nathaniel Knight, bapt. June 1 7, 1791, and a daughter, Ruth Knight, bapt. May 5, 1798. Also recorded there is a marriage June 22, 1778 of a Noah Bates to Ruth Maynard who was b. September 5, 1756. >'.<*Above. Caleb{6), ba}?t" September 7, 1775 no doubt is the Caleb Bates who is interred in the Shaker Cemetery at Watervliet, d. March 27, 1848, age 73 years, 7 months, 28 days.

- 5 - About the time of the start of the Revolution, Mercy Joy Bates, mother of William1s dozen children, passed on to her rewardo William Bates(5) m. (2nd) June l, 1777 in Athol Sarah(3) Stockwell of Chesterfield, daughter of Jonathan(Z), son of William(!) who was born about 1650 and immigrated from Scotland to ~pswich, Mass. Sarah was relict of Jeremiah(3) Stockwell, David(Z), William(l) whom she had married February 27, 1866 at Suttono No record was found of any children of William and Sarah who had six children by Jeremiaho See p. 350, Hist. & Geno of Chesterfield, Masso, 1762--1962. In later life, as consort of Sarah, we are indebted to Mro Claude Wo Barlow of Worcester, Massachusetts for the following: William Bates,. a yeoman of Chesterfield in 1 ~79 lived on land which he purchased in the Quabbin Propriety. Late in 1796 he mortgaged his farm for $200 and other considerationso Late in 1802, William (age 77) and Sarah were living in Plainfield; and she deeded to her son-in-law Jeremiah(4) with whom they probably were living, all her dower rights in the estate of her first husband. Sarah do in Plainfield July 11, 1822, aged 87. (Plainfield Record, Vol, 1, Po 529).

ISSACHAR BATES(6) - "The Shaker", William(5), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(Z), Clement(!), b. January 24, 1758 in Hingham, precinct 2, Massachusetts; d. March 17, 1837 at New Lebanon, New York, and probably was buried thereo In Pension Record No. S. 2360 dated 10 Febo 1833, there is filed an affidavit dated 11 September 1832 which reads, "I, Issachar Bates, a resident of Montgomery County, State of Ohio, now in the 75th year of my age, was born in the Town of Hingham, County of Suffolk, State of Massa= chusetts, 20 miles south of Boston on the Atlantic shore, January 24th, 1758. When about 13 years of age, my father moved his family into Worcester County, 62 miles from Boston, where he lived at the commencement and during the revolutionary war.------". Enlisting about May 1, 1775 as a musician in Captain Baxter I s Company stationed near Boston, Issachar I s Revolutionary services embraces (1) battle engagements at Bunker Hill and at Harlem Heights and White Plains; (2) campaigning and skirmishing in the Jerseys to Bound Brook where a fort was built; (3) deployment at Bennington and Saratoga, with a short tour at old Rutland guarding and marching pris­ oners taken with Burgoyne; and (4) attendance at West Point "when Arnold sold out". In the late l 760 1 s, Issachar, son of William(5) and Mercy Joy Bates, then a lad of ten years, was undoubtedly with 0 the family on its northwesterly migration through Worcester Cou.nty, terminating at Athol about 1769-700 During the war, Issachar m. (int.) April 6, 1778 at Templeton, Massachu­ setts, Lavinia Maynard who was ho March 23, 1760 in Shrewsbury, Massa­ chusetts, and who is sister of the Ruth Maynard who m. Noah Bates(6) - q. v. The Maynard sisters are daughters of Bezaleel Maynard, son of Elisha and Hulda {Bannister) Maynard, boJuly23, 1731 in Shrewsbury, d .. May26, 1795 at Phillipston, mo Febo 28, 17 54 to Elizabeth Keyes who was b. 1745(? ), do Septo 3, 1825, age 80, daughter of Henry and Ruth (Moore) Keyeso

- 6 - In the Shaker Cemetery at Watervliet, N. Y. , a Lavinia Bates is buried, d. August 15, 1828, age 68 years, 4 months, 23 days, which age checks exactly with birth data of Lavinia Maynard who m. Issachar Bates, and we therefore conclude that the facts we have presented possess unusual good documentationo Although we have seen indication that Issachar(6) and Lavinia had children, we have been unable to assemble such facts to our satisfaction. Issachar(6) throughout his life ·served the Shaker organization well; and in his later years was o.ne of the three who constituted the highest echelon of the administration. He travelled much, preaching Shakerism, and organizing new groups in the Ohio River Valley.

ISSACHAR BATES(S) - not "The Shaker", David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(Z), Clement(l ), bo November 6, 1735 in Hingham precinct 2, Mass; d .. Aug. 29, 1795, age 60, at Thompson, Conn.; m. Feb. 7, 1760 in Hingham to Hannah Joy who was b. Feb. 11, 1737 in Hingham. They moved about 1762-3 from Hingham to Leicester, Mass., and about 1766 to Thompson, Conn .. where he lived unt_o death.. It is recorded that "Hannah the wife of Issachar Bates

was dismissed to Killingly, Connecticutt, Augo 25, 1766" a, The wives of William and Issachar(5) were sisters, both daughters of Prince and Hanna (Orcutt) Joyo Ref. 2, pp. 53., 54. Prince(4) descends from Joseph(3 ), Joseph(Z), and Thomas(!) of Boston - Ref. 2 p. 209. Children of Issachar(5) and Hannah Joy Bates 1. Chloe (6) b. Jan. 1, l 760; m. Thomas Elliott .. 2o Celia(6) b. Octo 29, 1761; m. Elijah Crosby. 3o Hannah(6) b. Nov. 28, 1 763 in Leicester, Mass; m. Parson Crosbyo 4o Suzea(6) b. Jan. 4, 1766; m. Richard Gay. 5. Luther(6) b. November 24, 1767; m. Sarah Green. They had lo Issachar(7) m.1821 Roxanna Kendall, b. 6/24/1798 at Ashford, Conn; do 3/12/1823 at Thompson. Only child, Henry G. (8) BatesQ 2o Thomas(?) 3. Alice(7) 4. Esther(?) 5., Hannah Joy(7) 6. Sarah(7) 7" David(7) No data available on Luther's children, except lssachar., 6. David (6) b. May 2 7, l 7 7 0; d. 1 7 8 9" 7., Caleb(6) b. Aug. l, 1772; d. Oct. 16, 1801. 8. Thomas(6) bo Sept. 11, 1774; d. 1777. 9o Joseph(6) ho Feb. 4, 1777; m. Lucy Flint; their children:

1 o Horace(?) Flint 2. Matilda(7) 10. James(6) b. Oct. 8, 1779; d. Augo 7, 1825; m. (1st) Linda Fairbanks; m. (2nd} Alice Dexter; four children by Linda, and one by Alice 1. Abigail(?) b.Nov. 1, 1803; m" Feb. 28, 1828 at Watertown, Josiah W. Baker. 2. James(?) bo June 24, 1806. 3. Samuel Fairbanks(7) b. May 3, 1808. 4o Linda 5. Joseph Dexter(?) b. Sept. 17, 182 l ~ V✓ e shall now mention again that the purpose of this compilation is to bridge a gap between the fifth and eighth generations of our selected lineage. The bridge which we now approach is a long one; and the trail ahead is hazy,

- 7 - with blockages to be encountered and hurdledo We pause to pay tribute to co­ author Mrs. Edward T. Graham, nee Virginia Wilhelm(l0) of Cresskill, New Jersey, who descends from Clement Bates(l) via Joseph(Z), Joshua(3) Solo­ man(4), Nehemiah(S), Mehitable(Bates) Luce(6), Elsie E. (Luce) Nichols(7), Mary Elsie(Nichols) Baughman(S), and Helen (Baughman) Wilhelm(9}. In January 1962, Mrso Graham established the proof, found in Sherborn V.S., of the births of T~eodore(6) and Olive(6), and she substantiated the informa­ tion from other sources. Working back from later generations, we had reasonable facts pointing to Theodore(6); but we yearned for an indisputable record. Many thanks, Cousin Virginia, for this "break-through" and also for much other data that you have accumulated in our behalf - Mac.

THEODORE BATES(6) - Vlilliam(S), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(Z), Clement(!), b.October 11, 1762 in Sherborn, Massachusetts; d. October 24, 1846 at or near Watervliet, New York; i. Shakers Cemetery thereat; m. (1st) September 1, 1785 in Athol, Mass. to Mary (Molly) Shattuck who was b. April 1767 and d. July 10, 1789; m. (2nd) July 21, 1792 at Conway, Franklin County, Massachusetts to Abigail Wheeler who was b. March 11, 1776 in Templeton and d. about 1863 (age 87) probably at Niagara Falls, or thereabouts.. Mary's parents were Ephraim and Elizabeth Shattuck of Templeton; he died there May 5, 1817, age 69. Abigail was daughter of John and Abigail Wheeler of Templetono He \vas selectman there 1767, 1768, and 1777, and a Revolutionary soldier. Other children, all ho in Templeton are John, April 21, 1774; Joseph, Feb. 14, 177 8; and Lucy, Feb. 23, 1780. Children of Theodore and Mary Shattuck Bates Lucinda(7) b. December 1786, m. June 21, 1809 William Pike; d. Oct. 4, 1849 at Athol, Masso Lydia(7) b. November 17, 1 787 at Phillipston, Mass.; maa May 29, 1804 in Phillipston, Abel Lamb. Children of Theodore and Abigail Wheeler Bates Theodore(?) b. April 29, 1793, probably at Conway, 1-1assachusetts. Abigail(7) b. September 2, 1 794; we know nothing of her. Osee(7) b. 1 796, probably at Convvay, Massachusetts - q. v,, Ansel(7) died young.

At some time between 1764 when Olive Bates(6) ~·as b. at Sherburn and the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775, Theodore Bates(6) a lad of 13 years, most probably with his parents, reached Gerry, which in 1786 became a part of i\.thol from which Theodore was mustered into service in 1779, age 17. 1,luch of the above information has been gleaned from wife Abigail I s pension tlaim, Wido~v-file No. 25193, which among other things states that Theodore li\~ed during the Revolution in the town of Gerry (now Athol). It would seem, therefore, that the family of William Bates(5) bricklayer, had moved from Sherburn to the Athol region" Theodore served intermittently in the Revolu­ tionary army until 1783. His daughter Lydia was married in nearby' Phillip--­ ston; and he himself married (2nd) Abigail Wheeler i.n 1792 at Conway, some 20 miles \Vesterly. We find a reference that the family also graced Templeton near .-\.thol, and later \Vere with the early Shakers at ~ew Lebanon, ~ew York -

- 8 - not far from Pittsfield, Masso Theodore joined the Watervliet comm.unity of Shakers in 1800; but his good wife Abigail, who survived him, did not become a membero Being a Shaker, Theodore never accepted a pension_; and at his death widow Abigail filed claim and was allotted his pension. In an application for bounty land, dated March 24, 1855, .Abigail recited that she was age 79 and she had resided for _about ten years in the Town and County of Niagara (No Y. ). We do not know ho'"' long she lived nor where she was buried. The last payment of record was made by Albany Pension Agency in 3rd Quarter of 18610 It is possible that she returned to the Shakers, but more probably she died at Niagara Falls, or thereaboutso

THEODORE BATES(7) - Theodore(6), Willia1n(S), David(4), Caleb(3L Joseph(Z), Clement(!), boApril 29, 1793 (Bible record) probably at Conway, Massachusetts; d. December 24, 1869 near Stanwood, Cedar County, Iowa; i. Red Oak Cemetery thereato He married 1820 Margaret Simmons who was burn 1798 in New York Stateo They had seven children, all born in or near the Shaker Colony which was six miles westerly of Albany, N. Yo, along the Mohawk River (Erie Canal, 1825) just north of the present day (1962) Albany­ Schenectady Airport. About 1846, the family moved westerlyo The 1850 UoSo Census (po 445) reveals their location in Town of Middlebury, Wyoming County, New York.

Thanks to Mrs. Marian Booth Coolidge of Houston, Texas, whose grandfather is Walter C. Bates(8), the youngest son of Theodore Bates{?), we can now pinpoint the year when the Bates family arrived on Grand Island, No Y. Mrso Coolidge quotes from a letter written by her grandfather in 1907, "We took the Erie (Canai) to Dale, Wyoming County (No Yo), where we lived up to the time we moved to Grand Island when I was 10 years old and Theo (Edmund Theodore, his brotl1er) was 19 years old, I have never been back since we left 55 years before. 11 1907 minus 55 would make 1852 the year of the move. The U.S. 1850 Census of Erie County, N. Y. records that Osee, the brother of Theodore Bates(?), had already settled on Grand Island with his family, arriving after the 1840 enumeration, and remaining there until after the 1860 enumeration. Walter C. Bates (8), the youngest son of Theo­ dore(7), likewise lived with the family there until 1861, when he e.nlisted from Tonawanda in the Union Army (100th No Yo Infantry, Co. D). We deduc~ that the migration-path of Theodore Bates(?) - and later his family - approximates - Conway, Mass. - N·ew Lebanon, N. Yo - Watervliet, No Y" - Wyoming County, No Y. - Grand Island, N. Yo - Cedar County, Iowa, where he lived with his son Edmund Theodore(8) on a farm near Stanwood until death in 1869, age 76. His vvife Margaret Simmo.ns continued to reside at Stanwood until 1883. At that time, the Edmund Bates family was moving to South Dakota; so Margaret went to live with her youngest son, Walter Co Batea, at Carleton, Nebraska, where she died within a few months, September 1884; i. thereat.

- 9 - Children of Theodore(7) and Margaret Simmons Bates, all b. near Watervliet, No J William R. Bates(8), b. October 5, 1821-22; see elsewhere herein. Mary Ann Bates (8), b. June 22, J. 823; see elsewhere herein.

Osee G. Bates(8) 11 b. 1824-5 in or near the Shaker community at Watervliet; do and i. on Grand Island, N. Y. where, at small Whitehaven Cemetery on the eastern edge of Gran.d Island, a gravestone reads, 11 Osee G. Bates do August 20, 1860 in the 35 year of his life". No other Bates markers are in this cemetery; nor have we found other record pf this Osee; so we incline to the view that he was unmarriedo Catherine Bates (8), died age 3. Edmund Theodore Bates(8), 1833-1920; see elsewhere herein. Emma (Betsey) Bates(8), b. 1835; m. 1st cousin, Ansel Bates(8) - qo v. Walter C. Bates(S), 1842-1930; see elsewhere herein.

OSEE (O.C.) BATES(7) - Theodore(6), William(5), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(2), Clement(!); b. 1795-6 in Conway, Mass.; d. probably in Oklahoma; m. ( l_st.) - name not known. m. (2nd) Harriet--·------who was b. in England, 1825-6.

Regarding Osee(7), the scattered bits of information in our possession were so attenuated that we were about to write him off as an unsolved mystery.

His name appears in the U.S. Censuses, 1850 and 1860 1 among Bates kinfolks on Grand Island, New York. He has been accepted as an ''uncle" i.n the family of Edmund Theodore Bates whom he visited occasionally in Iowa, once from Oklahoma (then Indian Territory) with his little daughter who was described "as like a wild Indian." Another family acceptance has been that he had a son named Hulbert who lived in Canandaigua, New York. Following that clue, we learned much about Hulbert and his children - q. v. but Osee himself continued to be much of a mystery until the "break-through" came from our good Houston Texas cousin, Mrs. C. E. Coolidge, who sent us four hard-to read letters, . written in 1927-9 by a Mary Bates Davis of Clio, Lapeer County, Michigan. Mary says, arnong other things, that she lived on Grand Island until she was 12 years old, that her father's name is Osee, and that her brothers by a first marriage are Hulbert, Ansel W., and Theodoreo Integrating the data in Mary's letters with dates derived from census records of ages, plus a few other facts at our disposal, we can now write the following, with reasonable assurance of its correctness: 1:) Children of Osee Bates(7), son of Theodore(6) by 1st marriage Hulbert Do Bates(8) - See elsewhere hereing Ansel W. Bates(8) - See elsewhere herein. Theodore Bates(8) m. ______; de when a young man, leaving wife and childo Two daughters, names not known. Children of Osee(7) and Harriet Bates, b. on Grand Island, N, Yo Mary Bates(8) m... ______Daviso Julia Bates(S) m. ______Cunningham .. Catherine Bates(8), ho about 1857, do about 188511 We have no further data.

- 10 - ·HULBERT D. BATES(8); of him we have ascertained that, at Canandaigua, in West Avenue Cemetery, the Bates lot contains six gravestones inscribed as follows: Father - Hulbert D. Bates - died - August 18., 1882 Mother - Hannah E. Bates - died - July 10., 1913 Edgar E. B~tes - died - Sept. 25, 1874 Henry W. Bates - died - July 8, 1889 Bates - Bert H~ - 1869 - 1924 Daughter - Ella Bates Sperrin - died - June 3., 1930 The parent's death records, No Y. Noso 17914 and 33096 (Monroe Co.) confirm the above dates, and yield additional facts., viz: Hulbert's age was 60., and Hannah was born March 7., 1842 at Oswego, N. Y. - parents William Williamson (bo in Uo S.) and Mary Ferguson (bo in Uo So )o Unfortunately the names of Hulbert's parents are omitted in the death recordo

The U.S. census of 1880 for Ontario County, No Yo, po 880., Canandaigua, enumerates: Bates, Hulbert Do , male, age 58 (b. 1821-22 ), cooper, born in N. Y. Bates, Hannah E., female, age 41 (b. 1838-9), wife, born in No Yo Bates, Emily., female, age 35 (ho 1844-5), daughter, born in N. Y. Bates, Henry Wo, male, age 19 (b.1860-1), son-cooper, born in No Y, Bates., Ella H • ., female., age 16 (b .. 1863-4), daughter, born in N. Y. Bates, Bertie Ho, male, age 11 (b. 1869), son, born in N. Y. Nativities of both Hulbert's parents stated as Masso Emily is noted as an "invalid for 18 years". Obviously Emily was born of a previous marriage. According to the 1850 census of Erie County, p. 279, the mother's name is Abigail, age 27, who died before 1860, leaving in addition to invalid Emily, a son named Evergrade A. (bo 1844-5), and a daughter named Minie(b. 1850-1). Edgar b. 1857-8 was the first son by Johanna (Hannah) Williamson. We have no knowledge of what became of the three children of Hulbert and Abigail Bates. Ella Ho Bates married Frank Sperrin, a daughter thereof is named Eva ManningJ In the 1850 census Hulbert is listed as a boatman at Tonawanda; and in· 1860 he was a farmer on Grand Islando In the 1870 census., we find no record of Hulbert and his family; before I 874, they were in Canandaigua.

ANSEL W. BATES(8)., sometimes spelled Ancel, Ancil, or Anzil, b. 1825-6; mG (1st) Julia______m" (2nd) Emma (Betsey) Bates., his 1st cousin, daughter of Theodore(7) and Margaret Simmons Bates; he married a third time, but we have no data regarding this marriage. He died of asthma much before 1928 at Hadley., Lapeer County, Michigan, and his wife Emma (Betsey) died of consumption about 18630 Children of Ansel (8) and Julia Bates William A._ Bates(9), b .. 1847-8 - no further datao Two other children, probably dQ youngQ No names revealed in 1850 and 1860 censusesQ Children of Anse1(8) and Emma Bates Dora Bates(9), bo 1855-6; m .. ____;had 2 boys & 1 girl; resided at Flint, Micho Arthur Bates(9), b. 1858-9; do DecQ 4, 1926; had no children.

- 11 - A BA TES - SMITH LINEAGE

WILLIAM Ro BATES(8), Theodore(?), Theodore(6), William(5), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(Z), Clement(!); b. October 5, 1821-2 near Watervliet,No Y. d. December 17, 1893 at Weatherford, Texas; io thereat; m. (1st) 1850 Saph­ ronia (Sophia) Harriet Smith in Buffalo, New York, who was b. November 1825 and d. April 1867; m. (2nd) a Weatherford widow named Margaret Mac Meekin Fuller who was b .. April 1832, d. about 1914 at Weatherford, Texas, and io thereat. She had m. Jan .. 1-S, 1870 Eo B .. Fuller; they had three daughters, Frances, Belle, and Allie Fullero William had no children by his second wifeo Child of William Ro and Saphronia Smith Bates Maria Louisa Bates(9), b. October 5, 1862 on Grand Island, N. Yo

MARIA LOUISA BATES(9), William R. (8), Theodore(?), Theodore(6), William( 5), David(4), Caleb(3 ), Joseph(2), Clement( 1); ho October 5, 1862 on Grand Island in Niagara River; do May 12, 1927 at Tulsa, Oklahoma; i. thereat; m. Decemb.er 11, 1887 in Chicago, Illinois to James Speight Smith who was ho April 20, 18 57 in Waco, Texas and do May 11, 1926 at Quanah, Texas, his parents being Robert Hick1nan Smith b. October 16, 1810, d. November 5, 1904, mo February 26, 1839 at Ross Landing, Tennessee to Rosannah Jane Hines b.September 2, 1819, do September 24, 1886. Children of James Speight and Louisa Bates Smith lo Charles Goodnight Smith(l0),bo 4/28/1889 in Weatherford, Texas; d. 7/4/1963 in Tulsa, Oklahoma; m.4/28/1912 in Cameron, Texas to Wilhelmina(Willie) Florence Les or sky who was b. 3/14/1890 in Cameron. Frances Smith(ll) b. 7/10/1917 in Bryan, Texas; m.Febo 1942 William Hugh Whealley. Ailene Carol Smith(ll) bo 12/24/1920 in Tulsa, Okla; m.Sept.1941 Joseph Mills Williams .. William Bates Smith( 11) b. 12/17/1924 in Tulsa and do there March, 1928, 2. George Elmer Smith(l0) b.4/19/1891 in Weatherford, Texas; mo 9/18/1910 at Davilla, Texas to Mary Davis who was b. 1893 in San Gabriel, Texaso Jack Wellington Smith(ll) ho 11/11/1911 in Miguel, Texas; m. 8/28/194_ Marie Rayo 3. Albert Clarence Smith(l0) ho 5/15/1897 in Chicago, Illinois; m .. (1st) 11/6/1927 in Dallas, Texas to Edith Margaret Hanna who was b" 3/3/1904, d. 2/4/1948; m. (2nd) 5/25/1949 in Levelland, Hockley County, Texas to Annie May Mullin Neville who was b .. 5/5/1897 at Gail, Borden County, Texas" Eloise Hanna Smith(l l) bo 7/26/1929 in Tulsa, Okla; mo April 1962 in Valdez, Alaska to Vernon Eugene Wolfeo Betty Josephine Smith(l 1) b. 6 / 19 / 3 2 in Quanah, Texas; m. (1st) December 19 55 in Dallas to Virgil Carlson; m. (2nd) 1961 i.n Mexico

City to Dr o Roberto Moulun.

- 12 - 4o Lucy Annabel Smith( 10) bo 8/19/1900 in Chicago, Illinois; m" (1st) 6/5/1926 in Tulsa, Oklahoma to Arthur Fulton Hendren who was bo 10/7/1876 and do 10/6/1944 in Tulsa; she mo (2nd) 5/30/1953 in Tulsa to Isaiah Vernon Horner who was bo 2/16/1888 in Brighton, Indianao Nancy Louisa Hendren(! 1) bo 4/11/1929 in Tulsa; mo Robert Dean Chaney who was bo 2/17/1926 in Shidler, Osage County, Oklahoma. His parents are Fay Christopher Chaney (bo 7/28/1893 near Harrison, Boone C9unty, Arka.nsas),moJoanna Catherine Ward (bo9/22/1906 in Green Forest, Carroll County, Arkansas)o A great-grandfather, when moving from Maryland, changed spelling from Cheney to Chaney" A grandfather, a Confederate officer, and all his men disappeared during the Ware Suzanne( IZ)Chaney, bo 7 / 2/ 19 51 in McAlester, Pittsburg Co", Oklao Robert Christopher(l2)Chaney, bo4/28/l954 in Tulsa, Oklahomao Sarah Katherine(l2)Chaney, ho 12/23/1958 in Tulsa, Oklahomao

A BATES - THOMSON - LANTIER LINEAGE

MARY ANN BATES(8) - Theodore(?), Theodore(6), William(5), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(Z), Clement(!), bo 6/22/1823 at Cherry Valley, New York; do3/6/1921 (age 98) at Fort Worth, Texas; ioCarleton, Nebraska; mo Lyman 1 Thomson. They had only one son, Warren Thomson(9) who mo Lulu May Lantier who was bo 7/21/1864 in Greenville, Wayne County, Mis·souri and d" 4/3/1962 (age 97) in San Francisco, California; her parents are Annie Eliza­ beth Bootl1, bo 1/6/1840, do 10/22/1892 in Chicago, mo (1st) in 1861 to Ho Lantier; mo (2nd) Ao Jo Stoweo Annie Booth is the oldest sister of William Ross Booth who mo Stella Bates; both descent from William Booth - qo Vo Warren and Lulu had three childreno Lulu m" (2nd) Fred Morris who was boas Charles Morris Weaver (name changed legally in early adulthood). Elbert Lantier(lO) Thomson, b. 5/3/1887-9 in Kansas City, Missouri; do 2/19/1959 at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas; ioAustin, Texas, where he had resided; mo 2/11/1922 in Paxton, Illinois to Elizabeth Alden Horton who was ho 12/31/1893 in Peoria, Illinoiso Her parents are Freder­ ick and Martha Brusie Horton. As an officer, Elbert served in both WW I and WW Ilo Elizabeth Horton Thomson de 8/21/1963 at Austin, Texas. 'Thomas Horton(ll) Thomson, b. 12/24/1923 at Chanute Ao F .. Field, Rantoul, Champaign County, Illinois; d. 1935 of polio. No childo Fred Lantier (11) Thomson, b .. 11/1/1928 at Chanute AQ F~ Field; mo 6/2/1950 in Austin,· Texas Patsy Ann Duke who was b., 3/29/1929 in Hope, Hempstead County, Arkansas, and whose parents are James Talmadge Duke (bo in Laneburg, Nevada County, Arkansas) mo Miriam Fore (b. in Sutton, Nevada Cou.nty, Arkansas )o

.-l l,hrt·1•iatiuns l>. - born; m. - married; cl. - died; i. - intl'rred; q.v. - see elsewhere herein.

- 13 - Gregory Lantier(l2) Thomson, ho 1/13/1954 in Austin, Texaso Lindsey Thomas(lZ) Thomson, b. 1/22/1957 in Austin, Texaso Gayla Ann(lZ) Thomson., bo 3/26/1960 in Austin, Texaso Micheal Duke(lZ) Thomson, ho 8/27/1961 in Austin, Texaso Elizabeth Mildred(lO) Thomson, ho 11/18/1888 in Chicago., Illinois; mo 12/31/1927 to Alphonse J. Beauchaine; no issue; present address (1963)- 100 Font Blvdo., Apto 11-G, San Francisco, Californiao To Mrso Beau­ chaine., we acknowledge painstaking assistance in developing this Bates­ Thomson-Lantier lineage. Marion Etoile( 10) Thomson, b. 7/18/1890 in Kansas City., Missouri, was "a lovely girl with beautiful auburn hair, a sunny disposition, and great vitality" - "a wonderful woman whom everybody loved., with never a sick day in her life"" On May 10., 1944, while employed in WW II defense work, she met a tragic death - held-up, robbed, murdered, and tossed in the ocean from Ventura County's rugged cliffs at Point Magu, Cali­ forniao The killer was apprehended, tried, convicted., and sent to the chairo Marion mo (1st) Harry Samuel Weaver, two children; mo (2nd) David Greenall, no child; m. (3rd) David Berger, no childo Harry Weaver was ho 5/14/1891 in Shimerville, Lehigh County, nine miles from Allentown, Pennsylvania, and do 8/8/1939 in an automobile acci­ dent near Saratoga, Santa Clara County, Californiao His parents are Charles Morris Weaver {also known as Fred Morris, supra), bo in said Shimerville (ZIP 18049 - 1963), Pennsylvania., and mo Violet Miller who was ho in nearby Macungie, Lehigh County, Pennsylvaniao Lulu May Lantier Thomson was one of the exceptional few who outlived two husbands, reaching almost a century, and exhibiting remarkable energy well into her eighties. Upon death of her husbands, she continued their business (Thomson-Heywood Company) for many years until blind­ ness afflicted her in her ninetieso Routinely, she would each day take a street car to her office in downtown San Francisco; and twice a week in the evening dictation would be done at homeci Lulu May was a wonderful "vo1nan, bright, alert, and interesting - a delight to friends, and loved by familyo She v.1as truly young in heart - a companion to one and all - be they nineteen or ninetyci Winnabelle Lee(ll) Weaver (alias Harriet Loraine Weaver on the birth record), bo 7/7/1914 in Alham.bra, Los Angeles County, California; me 1/9/1936 in Los Angeles to Jacque de Mayo who \Vas be about 1906 on the Island of Rhodes (Rodhus), Greece; at that time the island \\1 as under Turkish rule. Jay Jacque Benjamin(l2) de Mayo, b. 8/17/1946 in Los Angeles County¥ Susan Elizabeth Deborah(l 2) de Mayo, b. 3/5/1951 in Los Angeles Countyc

- 14 - Shirley Louise(ll) Weaver, ho 3/2/1920 in San Francisco; mo. 1/10/1940 in Reno, Nevada to Virgil Jackson Sumner who was b" 11/3/1915 in Silver Creek Twpo at Burden, Cowley County, Kansas; he is the third child of William Wyatt Sumner (bo 1890), a native of Carroll County, Virginia, mo Georgia Bell Harris (bo 1892), a native of Cambridge, Cowley County, Kansas. Gary Lee(l2) Sumner, b9 7/17/1945 in San Franciscoo

Family of EDMUND THEODORE BATES m. CATHERINA ADRIANA HAKSTEEN 1833 - 1920 1839 - 1912

EDMUND THEODORE BATES(8) - Theodore(7), Theodore(6) William(5), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph(2), Clement(!), ho April 8, 1833 in the Shaker community at Watervliet, New York; do April 15, 1920 at Wyoming, Iowa; io thereat; mo November 1, 1862 in New York State (Bible entry) to Catherina Adriana Johanna ("Kate") Haksteen who was ho November 29, 1839 in Culen­ borg, Holland; do November 17, 1912 at Wyoming, Iowa; and io thereato Her parents were Dro Johannus Jacobus Emilla Haksteen, ho 1805-6 ( 1850 Census states his age as 44) in Culenborg, do July 9, 1861 at Buffalo, New York, io Forest Lawn Cemetery thereat; m. Arnilia von Settin van der Meer who was bo 1801-2 (1850 Census states her age as 48) in Culenborg, do April 19, 1852, at Buffalo, New York, and io thereato

After six weary weeks of stormy seas, the seasick Haksteen parents and four children, ages two to ten, unhappily arrived in New York harbour on a cold and bleak day - November 1, 18480 On deck and hanging to the rails, then no Statue of Liberty to beckon a welcome, the mother, shivering in icy winds and bitter sleet, ruefully exclaimed, "The promised land! The latitude of Italy! The climate of Labrador!" Born to a refined family and raised among the elite, Mrso Haksteen could never adjust herself to the rough-and­ ready mannerisms of freedom-loving Americans; and, after establishing a home for her children, she withered and died within a few short yearso The plans had been ·to go via boat to Albany and rail to Buffalo, and thence to Holland, Michigan, where friends of Dro Haksteen had established a Dutch colony, and were in need of medical service; but fate ordained otherwiseo At Buffalo, the doctor was intercepted by a committee of physicians o The terrible cholera epidemic of 1848 had descended on Buffalo within the week; the city was in panic; and there was none who had adequate kno"vledge of treatments for the disease, in which Haksteen, as an officer on a Dutch man­ of-war; had exceptional experie.nce in the East Indies (Indonesia)o The doctor was drafted; the battle was tough; a victory was won; and the family stayed on in Buffalo where Dro Haksteen practiced his profession successfully, and enjoyed a.few satisfying years; but did not long survive his be]oved vvifeo

- 15 - In addition to above named, the immigrant Haksteen family embraced the following children, all born in Culenborg: 1. Alida Hesselina Haksteen, b. June 22, 1838; do April 15, 1894 at Buffalo; school teacher; unmarriedo 2. Amilia Haksteen., b. May 23, 1842; mo Horace Morrow; moved to Missourio 3o Hessel Emiel Hal

When about eleven years old (circa 1845)., Edm.und Theodore's parents and five of their seven children., ranging from 3 to 22 years of age, moved west­ erly, probably via the Erie Canal, from Watervliet to the vicinity of Dale in Wyoming County., New York, where they remained until 18520 In this year, the family moved about 50 miles westerly, and settled on Grand Island in the Niagara River, directly across from Tonawanda, the terminus of the Erie Canalo For about ten years, and until he married, Edmund worked variously on the family farm and at odd jobs connected with the lumber industry around Tonawandao In the late fifties he was employed as a boatman on tugs and log­ floats plying the Great Lakes to the primative forest of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Upper Michigan; and, as timber-jack, he worked during several summers in the vast lumber camps of Minnesota, returning in winter to Tonawanda and Gr and Island where he met and married a charrning school teacher in 186 2o The call of the west, imbued from childhood in both Edmund and his Dutch bride, was irresistibleo The wife's lengthy christian names were now an Americanized "Kate9" Their honeymoon extended westerly and ended in eastern Iowa which was reached as their funds grew lowo Near Stanwood in Cedar County they settled down for a while, that is to say, long enough to accumulate six children and a bit of capitalo In February 1866 they completed the purchase of their first farm - 40 acres (Section 7-81-2) which was sold in December 1868 to acquire an 80-acre farm (Seel> 26-82-3) adjoining Stanwood.

"Westward Ho~'' again! In the fall of 1874 the 80 acres were sold; and the scene changed over winter to western Iowa, where in Adair County, not far from Greenfield, the troupers paused for a two-year breathing spell on 200 acres in Prussia Twpo (Seco 20-76-32}. This land was sold in 1875, and the family soon moved a mere eight miles northeasterly into Walnut Twp. to a quarter­ section (Sec. 24-77-32) of high ground about four miles southerly of a village called Casey, to remain there for nearly eight years. About 1883-4, with capital somewhat augmented by selling the farm in Walnut Twp .. , and enriched by three more children born in Adair County, (one of whom strayed to Panama where she married - Wo R. M. ), the ever-luring West beckoned againo This time the beacon of hope was now a newly-opened Dakota Territoryo Tl1e landing strip was at Hand County in central South Dakota, where the last child, Walter E1 Bates., was borne,

- 16 - The Dakotas had few settlers at the close of the War Between the States; and the going was rough in 1884 when the Bates family detrained with the needed paraphenalia - household goods, farm equipment, and stock - and ambitionso South Dakota, pierced centrally by the broad Missouri valley, was largely an area of almo·st endless and treeless plains, blisteringly hot in sununer and frigidly cold in _wintero This faraway country was devoid of building materials except what the soil would grow - sod, straw,· cane, and reedo The first build­ ings of the pioneer settlers were walls of thick sod with thatched roofso The home was whitewashed insideo Churches and schools were conspicuous in their absenceso Reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic - and much more - were taught at home, largely by the older girls, most of whom later became school­ teacher so None had less than the equivalent of high-school education; five children graduated from normal school; and two from collegeo Jeanette was admitted to the Illinois State Bar early in the century, and practiced law through­ out her adult lifeo

The sod hous.e did not long meet the needs of the large family; it was replaced by a structure that was the envy of all who lived within miles and mileso It was a simple two-story frame building with a hip roof - two bedrooms upstairs among the rafters, and downstairs two bedrooms, a livi.ng-room, and a kitcheno The basement was a "cave" for the storage of potatoes, other root vegetables, two barrels of flour, a barrel of apples, and a barrel of saurkraut; the cave was protection against winter freeze and summer heat, and perhaps also a protection against a tornadoo The Bates estate had now grown to 320 acres or more in the northeastern part of Hand County (Secso 8 & 15 - 115-67), 20 miles from 1v1iller, the county seat on the Chicago & Northwestern Railwayo The family remained there for a decade, until 1895, when the westerly trek of Eo To and Kate ceasedo Daughter Margaret Bates had died in 1888, age 140 It remained for the children to carry-on the westerly march, .northwestern Wyoming being the next stopping place for a large segment of the 9th genera­ tion and their childreno Only o.ne of the 9th generation {Jeanette) reached the coast, which is now budding with a few of the 10th generationo Early in 1895, Eo T" and Kate, tiring of pioneering, and grieving i.n the loss of another daughter, "pulled up stakes"; and the family bounced back to an easier life in Iowa from where the children gradually scatteredo In Jones County, near the toVlll. of Wyoming (Seco 12 & 13, T84, RZW) a nice farm, "Pine Hill", served the large, but diminishing, family through the nineties and into a new centuryo The parents and Edmund T. Bates (9) a.nd Amelia Bates (mo Charles Bo Shaff er) remained in Wyoming nigh unto de a tho Children of Edmund Theodore(8) and Catherine A. Hakstee.n Bates Emma Aleda Bates (9), b" August 24, 1863 near Stanwood, Cedar County, Iowa; do April 10, 1949 at Mto Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa; L Wyoming (Iowa) Cemetery; u.nmarried11 In her earlier life she was a school teacher in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Iowa, and had the unusual experience of teaching Sioux Indians for a number of yearso In later life, she was a devoted convert to Christian Science, becoming a practio.ner in that faitho

- 1 7 - Amelia "Meme" Betes(9), ho March 23, 1866 near Stanwood, Iowa; d, June 7, 1946 at Wyoming, Iowa; io thereat; mo April 6, 1905 to Charles Bo Shaffer, widower with three children; no childo After the death of her mother, Meme, by contacts and correspondence, became the Mother of the Years to all the scattered Bates· families and to her loved Shaffer children who returned her affection by deed and family cooperationo Meme 1 s letters to sisters and other kin have been of immeasurable value to the compilers of this pamphlet; and we also acknowledge the unstinted aid received from the Shaffer children, who are: (1) Charles Orlyn Shaffer, ho January 11, 1895 in Onslow, Jones County, Iowa, m~ (1st) Vilma Be~g - four children., m. (2nd) Florence Brown (Newman) who was bo April 28, 1896 in Ogden, Utah - one son, James B; (2) Marian Leona Shaffer, b. October Z, 1896 in Oxford, Worth Cou.nty, Missouri, mo Edward Leland Steele who was ho November 27, 1894 near Macksburg, Madison County, Iowa - one son and three daughters, Phyllis, Pauline Amelia, Jay, and Patricia Ann; (3) Harriet Pauline Shaffer, ho January 18, 1900 in Oxford, Missouri, mo (1st) Henry Bramer - no child, m. (2nd) Walter Eo Bates, ho October 28, 1885, mo September 5, 1953 at Vinton, Iowa - no childe He do 12/5/63, Jones Coolowa. Edmund Theodore Bates(9), ho April 11, 1868 near Stanwood, Iowa; do August 7, 1951 at Cody, Wyoming; iothereat; unmarriedo Ed Bates, a graduate of State College of Agriculture of Brookings, South Dakota, was a dedicated farmer whose aim thl'oughout life was to improve farming methods, crops, and homestead-living~ Among other things, to the author 1s knowledge, he was the best Model T Ford driver to negotiate the mud roads of Iowa in the 1910 1s0 Kate Max: Bates(9),boMarch 7, 1870 near Stanwood, Iowa; do November 14, 1894 at Baldwin, Jackson County, Iowa; m. March 7, 1891 in Hand County, South Dakota to Edwin Wilcox, She is buried with both her children, who died young, at Waterford (Buckhorn) Cemetery at Baldwino Jeanette Bates(9), bo March 25, 1872 near Stanwood, Iowa; unmarried; presently (1962.) residing in El Cajon, California. In 1910 she adopted two children - (1) Katherine Lee Bates, b. May 23, 1906 in Chicago, Illinois, m. January 17, 1942 to Stuart H. Doig who was bo in 1903 at Evanston, Illinois; and (2) Edwin Keaton Bates, ha April 6, 1908 in Chicago, mca July 8, 1961 in Woodstock, Illinois to Margarett Ho Citizen, who was ho May 18, 1912 in Kramer, Warren County, Indiana.

AN ThTTERLUDE - JEANETTE BATES

The life of Jeanette Bates is worthy of a book; but we can allot only enough space here to touch upon the high spots of progress made by a girl who, by hard work and dedicated service, attained success in a profession wherein she pioneered to open a new field for womenc Elsewhere we have told of the westerly migration of her family to the barren and alrrlost endless plains of South Dakota, which were reached when Jeanette was twelve, her early educa­ tion being administered by parents and older sisters who taught in a tiny school five miles from the homestead where wintry temperatures sometimes sunk to -400 At fourteen, "Nett" was selected by her mother to go east to Buffalo, and

- 18 - to live with a school-teacher auntc For a dozen years., Jeanette studied and worked there, teaching school in Buffalo and Duluth on Lake Superior for funds; she undoubtedly was specially tutored by Aunt Alida Haksteen who was born in Hollando Jeanette graduated from State Normal at Buffalo in 1898, and on December 19th of that year entered the University of Chicago as an under­ graduate, teaching German and French at nearby Hyde Park High School for livlihoodo On March 22, 1904 she was awarded the Ph. B degree, with honor­ able mention of. excellence in Senior College worko Miss Bates pursued studies in the Law School of U o of C. until 1905 when she transferred to Northwestern Law School where she tutored for funds, and graduated in 1906 with an L .. L .. B. degreeo In 1908 she was admitted to the Illinois State Bar, and started to practice law in Rockford, Illinois, where she remained until 1912, then moving to practice in Chicago where she also lectured at the School of Civics and Phil­ anthropy on the subject of "Domestic Lawo 11 At newly-developed Ardmore (now part of Lombard) in the western suburbs of Chicago, Jeanette made a nice home for herself and her two small children who at a.nearly age, in addition to mother­ ly tutoring, were exposed to concerts, art galleries, museums, libraries, and other cu.ltureso In 1914 Miss Alice Ho Thompson joined Jeanette in the law firm of Bates and Thompson with an office at 12 7 North Clark Street near Randolph., Miss Thompson (now Mrso Kurt 'lon Zimmermann of Trenton, New J~rsey), has aided us nm ch. Thank you, .Alic ev On January 7, 1916, Illinois Attorney-General-elect Edward Jo Brundage, announced the appointment of Jeanette Bates, age 44, to be an A.ssistant State Attorney, the first woman to hold such position in Illinois, and the second in the U. So, Colorado having the other. The little girl who on horseback drove large herds of cattle on a Dakota ranch was soon to attain an enviable statureo As Assistant States Attorney, she was assigned to the Illinois State Labor Department to handle matters of law pertaining to public health, safety, and comfort. The law firm enjoyed a very good practice; activities covered a wide field of probate, contract, and businesso Miss Bates ·was an omniverous reader, and also a writer of some repute. In the twenties, she was employed for several years as Assistant to the Honorable Scott Matthews who had charge of the Torrens System of Land Registration, with offices in the Cook County Court House at Chicago. In the thirties, she was in business for herself, at one time owning an apartment building; and at another time she operated a small fleet of long­ distance trucks, with headquarters at Chicago, which involved much personal travel, by day and at nighto After the Social Security Law was enacted in 1935, Miss _Bates served the Admi.nistratio.n., offices being in Chicago., until in the early forties, she kissed good-bye to the blind lady with the scales, perhaps in 1942, when the age of 70 was reached. Upon retirement, Jeanette travelled extensively throughout the United States, visiting many relatives and friends., and viewing again the 1nany scenes of earlier years.

.. t bbr,Tiat ivns 1,. - born; m. - rnarried,· d. - died; i. - interred; q.v. - see elsewhere herein .

- 19 - Mar&aret Bates (92, b.April 30, 1874 near Stan\vood, lo\\i·a; do March 18, 1888 in Hand County, South Dakota; i.thereat on the family homestead; urunarried, Mary Boorum Bates(9}, bo May 12, 1876 near Casey, Adair County, Iowa; d., July ZO, 1958 at Cody, Wyoming; io thereat in Riyerside Cemetery; mo November 30, 1927 t9 Felix Spelletich; no children. Mary Bates, by nature ever confident of her ability to make her own way in life, \Vas perhaps the most congenial, friendly, and lil

Cody Enterprise, July 24, 1958., "Mrs o Spelletich, known locally as Aunt Mary, was one of the old-timers of the Cody country. She first came here in 1906 after her brothers, Walt Bates of Cody and the late Bert Bates, had settled hereQ She operated a dressmaking shop in the original Cody Trading Company which was then owned by Jakie Schwoob. Later she taught school in the old red building, and was the only teacher in Cody ~-ho taught without a teacher's certificate11 From Cody she went to San Francisco and operated a dressmaking establishment until 19150 Then she moved to Davenport, Io,va, where she £allowed her profession until returning to Cody in 1954 where she has since made her home at 1441 Rumsey Avenueo She was a member of the Pioneers of the Cody Pioneers and of the local chapter of the Wyoming His­ torical Society 9 " Herbert Francis Bates(9),bo September 23, 1878 near Casey, Iowa; do August 18, 1925 at Cody, Park County, Wyoming; i. Riverside Cemetery thereat; mg January 14, 1903 in Onslow, Iowa to Cora Ethel Chase who was bo February 25, 1880 in Onslow, and d11 January 16, 1931 at Codyo To char­ acterize Herbert Bates, we take great pleasure in quoting from an obituary that appeared in the August 26, 1925 edition of Park County Herald, Cody, Wyoming, as follows: "Mro Bates was a good husband and a loving father. An industrious ranchman, he had the esteem and respect of all his neighbors, and builded for himself, a nice home and fortune in Wyoming. In his dealings he was a man of his word, doing unto others as he would have them do unto himl; He took an active interest in the social and business affairs of his community and had served \vell and faithfully as a member of the Cody Canal Association, through which his large ranch holdings received water for irri­ gation", to which we add that he and his good wife raised three daughters whom we greatly esteem and admire, and to whom vle hereby acknowledge their unstinted aid in the compilation of this family history below. Children of Herbert Francis and Ethel Chase Bates, all b. at or near Cody lo Alice Katherine Bates(I0), b. May 29, 1909; m. June 26, 1929 at Cody Harry Elbert Siddle who was b. March 2 5, 1903 in Walnut, Bureau County, Illinois. Their two children are Herbert William Siddle(ll) ho March 30, 1934 at Cody, m. February 13, 1960 in Las Vegas, Nevada to Meri Adele Haworth who was b. January 17, 1938 in Fromberg, Carbon County, Montana; and Richard Lee Siddle (11) - Herbert's brother - b. October 13, 193 5 at Cody, mo September 29, 1960 in Cody to Norma Nadine Bronnenberg who was bo July 17, 1942 in Wheatland, Platte County, Wyoming. Herbert and Meri Adele Siddle

- 20 · have a daughter ... Kathryn Lynn Sidclle(lZ), ho October 9, 1960 in Whittier, Californiao Also, his brother Richard and Norma Siddle have a son ~ Nick Lee Siddle(lZ), b~ June 5, 1961 in Cody. 2o Ida Irene Bates(l0), ho July 31, 1910; mo February 28, 1942 at Billings, Montana to George Redmond Smith who was ho February 22, 1908 in Casper, Natrona County, Wyoming, do March 10, 1961 at Cody, Wyoming, i" River­ side Cemetery thereato Their three children, all born in Cody, are George Dee Smith(ll) bq .January 3_, 1944 and twin brother,' Francis Lee Smith(ll) and Herbert William Smith(ll) boDecember 8, 1949 - none married(l962)o 3ci Frances May Bates(l0), ho April 22, 1912; rr10 March 5, 1941 at Cody, Wyoming to Ben Walker Chadvvick who was ho April 20, 1908 in Hyrum, Cache County, Utah, and whose parents are William Chadwick, bo Octo 5, 1869 at Slaterville, Weber County, Utah, on Mill Creek about four miles westerly of Ogden; do May 2, 1951 at Morgan, Morgan County, Utah; io thereat; mo November 11, 1902 at Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City to Mary Hanson, ho May 11, 1877 in Hyrum, Utaho Additional data on the Chadwick forebears are filed at the L. Do So Library in Salt Lake Cityo The three children of Frances B 9 and Ben Walker Chadwick, all bo in Cody, are Russell Bates Chadwick(11)~ bo Ju.ne 4, 1942; Alice Lynne Chadwick (11), b. December 3, 1944; and Carol Irene Chadwick(ll), bo October 11, 1946; all children are unmarried(l 962)~ Mildred Olive Bates(9), bo November 6, 1881 near Casey, Iowa; mo January 11, 1913 in Anco.n, Canal Zone {Panama) to William Ro McCann; presently (1963) residing at Hopewell., Virginiao Children of William Ro and Mildred Bates McCan.n 1. Frank Bates Mc Cann{! 0), b. April 29, 1915 in Madison, Wisconsin; 1no December 10, 1938 in Hilton, New York to Virginia Elliott Newcomb who was ho May 2, 1915 in Kendall, New Yorko Their children are: Lynne McCann(ll} h~ June 2, 1943 in Wilmington, Delaware; Peter Newcomb McCann{l l) bo November 14, 1945 in Rochester, New York; and William Newcomb Mc.Cann(ll), b. January 31., 1948 in Rochester, New York; residence (1963) Hilton, New Yorko 2o Walter Ray Mc~a.nn{l0), b. August 3., 1916 in Springfield, Illinois; mo Sept­ ember 29, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Katharine Duvall James who was ho August 24, 1909 in Pittsburgh; they presently (1963) reside in Palo Alto, Cali­ fornia; no childreno 3. Adriana(Anne) McCann(l0), b.August 25, 1921 in Newton, Massachusetts; residence (1963) Washington, D. C.,; occupation, librarianQ Walter Emmett Bates{9), be October 28, 1885 in Dakota Territory (now Hand County, South Dakota); mo (1st) September 27, 1916 in Cody, Wyoming to Loma Elsie Stevens who was be Septo 15, 1893 on Flatrock Creek near Stark, Neosho County, Kansas; do July 14, 1951 at Cody; i., Riverside Cemetery thereato Her parents are Oren Perry Stevens, be Jan. 18, 1871 at Erie, Kansas; do Novo 3, 1954 at Long Beach, California; i., thereat; mo Sept. 28, 1892 Nora Mitchell who was b(> Feb~ 21, 1874 and do 194 7., Walt m .• (2nd) September 5, 19 53 in Vinton, Iowa to Pauline Shaffer Bra1ner who was b. January 18, 1900 in Oxford, Missourio Walt's lifetime vocation has been farming and ranching; and his avocation ,vas

- 21 - hunting and fishing and guiding eastern sportsmen to the plentiful game of the Wyoming Rockieso From Charles O. Shaffer, letter of January 15, 1963, we quote, "Walt pioneered when he was only .nineteen years old. He has always loved the rugged life; he lived at Cody, Wyoming for more than fifty years. One of his first jobs there was driving the mule teams and big wagons hauling all material, sand, cement, steel, and supplies, up the side of a steep canyon to a big dam above Cody for the Government's first irrigation project. Arriv­ ing over a narrow trail at the top, the six or eight mules were unhitched and led back to the foot of the trail. The wagons were unloaded, and then backed by hand over the steep decline, hitched to the wagons, turned around, and back­ tracked over the Canyon road, for another load." Children of Walter Eo and Loma Stevens Bates, all five b. at Cody L $ T 1. Edward Stevens Bates(lO), b.May 15., 1917; m.April 2, 1939 in Cody to Dorothy May Pirrie who was b. May 24., 1914 in Rogers, Colfax County, Neb­ raska. Her maternal ancestors are Morgans; the line of descent is described in "The Families of John Rittenhouse Morgan, John Arsemus Stanley, and Daniel Woolsey Blatchley", by ~a Stanley Blatchley, 1929. Their three children are Gary Stevens Bates (11 ), b. February 9, 1940 in Cody, d. July 17, 1953; Phillip Eugene 13ates(ll), b. April 2, 1941 in Cody, m. June 2, 1962 in Cody to Barbara Ann Marmon who was ho October 2, 1944 in Miles City, Custer County, Montana; Linda Kathleen Bates(l l), b. August 4, 1943 in Cody; un­ married l 96Z. Mrs. Edward "Steve" Bates has sincerely and affectionately aided us in developing the families of the five children of Walter E. and Loma Stevens Bates, Zo Betty Lou Bates(l0), boNovember 6, 1919; mo September 23, 1937 in Cody to Ned Claude Lufkin who was b. June 4, 1913 in Bozeman, Montanao Their child is Beverly Claudette Lufkin(l l), b. February 28, 1938 in Cody; m. February 1, 1957 in Cody to Wayne Curtis Hodson who was b. July 19, 1932 in Burlington, Big Horn County, Wyoming. Their three children are (1) Betty Jean Hodson(12), b. September 17, 1956 in Craig, Moffat County, Colorado; (2) Wendy Marie Hod­ so.n(l 2), b.December 4, 1957 in Cody; (3) Richard Wayne Hodson(l2), ba May 18, 19 59 in Cody. 3 .. ~hyllis Jean Bates(!~), b. March 4, 1921; m. August 30, 1939 to Homer Tovvnridge Dean who was b. June 9, 1918 in Bass, Newton County, Arkansas. Their six children are (1) Terrance Walter Dean(ll) b.April 3, 1940 i.n Cody; m. June 11, l 9 6Z at Camp Pendleton in Orange County, California to Elaine Joanne Glantz who was July 10, 1940 in Kansas - father, Clarence J. Glantz, ho ,:> b. in Kansas - mother, Ella Bartel, b. in Germany. (2) Jeanette Inez Dean(ll) b. November Z0, 1941 in Cody; m. August 16, 1959 in Craig, Colorado to Joseph Edwell Letsi~ger who was b. January 21, 1938 in Mansfield, Wright County, Missouri; (3) Norma Jean Dean(ll), b.May 19, 1944 in Rocksprings, Sweetwater County, Wyoming; m. June 16, 1961 at Grand Junction, Colorado to William Guy Curry. Joseph and Jeanette Dea.n(l l) Letsinger have a son - Dennis Gene Let­ singer(l2), b. February 26, 1962 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Also William and Norma Jean Dean(! 1) Curry have a daughter - Cheryl Malinda Curry, b. November 18,196: Three unmarried Deans are (4)David Homer (11) b. 5/18/1947 at Cody;( 5) Ernest

- 22 - St eve ( 11 ) b • 10 / 3 0 / 1 9 52 in Craig, and ( 6) Robe rt Wayne ( 11 ) b. 7 / 1 / 1 9 5 7 in Craig. 4. Majorie Anne Bates(l0), b. August 25, 1922; m. May 21, 1944 in Sa.n Francisco to Theodore Frederick Hensel, Jro who was ho February 9, 1920 in Walla Walla, Washington. Their two children are Sandra Lee Hensel(l l) b. February ZS, 1947 in Ephrata, Washington; and James Carl Hensel(l l) b 0 February 11; 1948 in Seattle, Washington. So· Herbert Theodore Bates(l0), b.August 5, 1925, d.August 15, 1943 at Billings, Montana; i. Riverside Cemetery, Cody; unmarriedo

Family of WALTER Co BATES 1842 - 1930

WALTER C. BATES(8) - Theodore(7), Theodore(6), William(5), David(4), Caleb(3), Joseph{Z), Clement(!),, b. January 17, 1842 near Watervliet, New York; d. February 24, 1930 at Carleton, Nebraska; io thereat; mo {1st) Octo 3, 1871 in Cass County, Illinois Margaret Ann Murphy (12/15/1852-9/27/ 1879); m. (2nd) November 28, 1880 in Thayer County, Nebraska Mary Keim Folk (5/10/1850-l/28/1930)Q Not having been given a middle name, Walter adopted a "C", probably for identification purposes among the many other Walter Bateseso A beautiful characterization, by Mrs. Margaret Booth Heroy of Dallas, Texas, was received August 23, 1963: 11 My Grandfather Walter C. Bates, was not a large man. He walked with a slight limp caused by an injury in the Civil War. He wore a small mustasche and had a twinkle in his eye and a constant good humor. He was interested in everything and everybody around himo A trip to the post office required some time as he had to stop several times to inquire about people along the way and see if anyone wanted him to bring anything back to them from the village. I was permitted to walk along with him, and he v✓ ould tell stories of things as we passed them. He told magnifice.nt stories and wrote wonderful letterso· A letter from Grandfather called for all the children in the family to stop playing and gather around our Mother to hear her read aloud. A ·visit was anticipated for weeks, and lucky the child permitted to drive with Mother to the railway station to meet him. Orie learned early to be on hand wherever and whenever Grand­ father was abouto Usually my Father would plan a camping trip while Grand­ father was visitingo He would send the colored man to the chosen site the day before with tents, tables, and a cook stove to be set up with plenty of fire wood for the stove and for a camp-fire in the eve.nings; then came the great day when all the childre.n and Mother would drive down to the camp with baskets, buckets, and cooking utensilso When evening came we had a big fire, and all of us sat about it listening to Grandfathero "Tenting Tonight'' has al ways had a special sig.nifica.nce for us because he taught us to sing every verse as we sat around the fireo He told about the Union Army camping .near a spring which they shared with the Confederate Army camping nearby, and how they would sing together in the eve.ning s.

- 23 - "His home was always open. and and everyone was welcomed. 'The boys', my Mother's half brothers, generally found their way to his table for dinner, and Grandmother had us· set a place for each of them and a few to spare; dinner was a kind of forum where the day's activities were always discussed. After dinner Grandfather ·would lie down on the ingrain carpet in the living-room with his head resting on the tredle of the sewing machine for a quick nap, no matter how ma.ny of us were milling about the rooms~ He was always interested in trying new things, and had the first Ford in the community. He was the Sunday School Superintendent of the Methodist Church as long as his health permitted. He served as Secretary and Treasurer of the Farmers Mutual Insurance Company for thirty years, and participated in its growth from a small unstable company to one of the strongest mutuals in Nebraska. At death, Masonic services preceded his interment; an American Legion squad firing a final salute over his graveo" Children of Walter C. (8) a.nd Margaret Murphy Bates Stella Bates(9), b. 9/11/1872 in Cass County, Illinois; d. 1/26/1955 at Fort Worth, Texas; i.thereat; m. 8/3/1893 in Chicago, Illinois to V{illiamRoss Booth who was b. 5/29/1855 in Boone County, Missouri, and d. 8/9/1932 (age 87) at Fort Worth, Texas, i.thereat. His father is Peter Garrett Booth, bo9/17/1817 in Bedford County, Virginia; d. 8/21/1901, age 84, i.Fort Worth; mo Margaret Jane Bishop who was ho 8/Zl/1818 and d. 5/7/1900 in Fort Worth, Texas; she is a 1st cousin once removed of P. G. Booth, her line of descent being Judith Booth Bishop, daughter of Judith Booth ,vho is daughter of David Booth(b. 1748) who is son of William Booth. P. G. Booth's grandfather is this William Booth; P. G. B.'s parents are Richard (b.1752) and Susana ------Booth. This line of descent coincides closely with Lulu May Lantier 1 s forebears - q. Vo Stella Bates(9) Booth had seven children, all b. in Fort Worth, Texas. Margaret( 10) Booth, b9 7/16/1894; m. (1st) 6/9/1918 in Fort Worth to Monroe George Cheney who was b. 9/28/1893 in Franklinville, N. Y., d. 9/29/1952 at Coleman, Texas., i.thereat. Margaret mo (2nd) 12/31/1960 William Bayard Heroy who was b. 10/9/1883 in New York City. Monroe George(ll) Cheney, Jr., b. 3/10/1919 in Fort Worth; m. 2/16/195~ New York City to Beverly Doe who was b. 2/17/1928 in Columbus, Ohio. Carl Monroe{l2) Cheney, b. 7/20/1953 in Coleman, Texaso Margaret Ann(12) Che:ney, b. 10/29/1958 in Caracas, Venezuelao Alice(lZ) Cheney, bo 7/3/1960 in Arlington, Texas .. Harris Graham(ll) Cheney, b. 4/28/1922 in Graham, Texas, was killed in action 2/8/1945 over Iwo Jima, and his plane fell into the Pacific; no issue. Marian(l0) Booth, b. 10/20/1895; m. 12/25/1920 C. Earle Coolidge who was b. 5/ 12/ 189Z in La.ncaster, Texas, and d. 11/18/1960 at Houston, Texas, i. at Fort Worth. Joel Booth(ll) Coolidge, b.12/25/1922 in Fort Worth, Texas; m. 8/18/195 in Houston, Texas to Dorothy Sue Roemer, who was ho 3 / 3 l / 1928 in Pales­ tine, Tex·as,

- 24 - Jennifer Sue( 12) Coolidge, b. 6/ Z 1 / 1954 at Houston, Texaso Roberta Gayle(l2) Coolidge, bo4/13/1956 at Houston, Texas. Marian(ll) Coolidge, b. 12/11/1924 in Houston; m. 6/19/1948 in Houston to William Gerard O'Reagan who was bo 8/21/1915 in New Orleans, Lao Daphne Elizabeth( 12) O'Reagan, b. 6/30/1953 in Berkeley, California. Brian Coolidge(l2) O'Reagan, ho 12/16/1954 in Gainesville, Floridao Frances(lO.) Booth, bo 7/19/1897; do 9/9/1951; io Fort Worth, Texas, m. 3/31/1918 John Earl Defee, b. 9/12/1893 in Fort Worth. Frances Jane(ll~ Defee, b. 3/7/1920 in Fort Worth; m. 6/4/1943 at Fort Worth to Dr. Oscar Lewis Morphis who was b. 7/31/1918, Fort Worth, Texas. Steven .Allen(12) Morphis, b.1/18/1947 in Fort Worth. Sharon(l2) Morphis, b. 6/30/1950 in Fort Worth. Phillip Clifton( l 2) Morphis, b o 11/23/1951 in Fort Worth. MichealAustin(lZ) Morphis, b.6/17/1959 in Fort Worth. Carol(ll) Defee, b. 5/29/1922 in Fort Worth, Texas; m. 4/1811942 in Columbus, Georgia to Albert Walter Laird, bo 10/6/1917 in Louisville, Ky. Pa.mela(l2) Laird, b.10/23/1943 in Mineral Wells, Texaso David Gregory(12) Laird, ho 3/8/1947 in Fort Worth. Margaret Diana(ll) Defee, b. 10/15/1924 in Fort Worth; m. 7/1/1950 in Berkeley, Califo to Powers Slater Messenger who was bo 8/14/1920 in Redding, Califo Mark Dorsey{l2) Messenger, b. 6/2/1954 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Noel Defee(l 2) Messenger, b. 7/23/1956 in Brownsville, Texaso Helen(l0) Booth, b.1/22/1899; not married(1962)o Peter Gar rett(l 0) Booth, b. 7/17/1900; m. (1st) l / 31/1925 Minnie belle Smith who was bci3/21/1904 in Weatherford, Texas; hem. (2nd) 6/11/1960 in Houston to Roxia Dobbins Maxwell who was ho 7/29/1915 in Palo Pinto County, Texaso Jeaneane{ll) Booth, b.11/1/1929 in Cisco, Texas; m. 9/8/1951 in Wichita_ Falls, Texas to John House Duncan who was b. 1/23/1926 in Houston, Texaso John House(l2) Du.ncan, Jro ho 7/9/1954 in Houston, Texaso Jeaneane(12) Duncan, b.11/2/1957 in Houston, Texas. Walter Bates(l0) Booth, bo 5/7/1903 in Fort Worth; m. 2/5/1938 Shirley Chandler, Rockville, Maryland. Pamela(ll)- Booth, b. 6/21/1940 in Los Angeles, Califo; not married, 1962. Jan( 11) Booth, b. 11/26/1942 in Los Angeles, Califo ; not married, 1962. William Richard(! 0) Booth, b. 10/26/1907; killed by street car 5/29/1911; i. Fort Worth .. Frank Bates ( 9), b. 9/9/1874 in Cass County, Illinois; d. 5/11/1945 at Hastings, Nebraska; m. 7/18/1899 in Hastings to Dora Grace Ellsworth who was b. 5/12/1881 in Lawrence Nebraska, and do 10/1/1944 at Hastings. Bessie Ione(l0) Bates, bo 4/27/1900 at Lawrence, Nebr., do Octo 1904, Edmond, Oklahoma. Harold F. (10) Bates(l2/21/1903-10/31/ 55)m. Lyle Jessie Harkins, b. 2/20/1909.

- 25 - Rose Marie{ll)Bates, b. Z/9/1929, m. 8/11/1951 James L. McElroy, b.1931 James Brian(lZ)McElroy,b. 3/23/1953 at Grand Island, Nebraska. Michal Scott(lZ)McEl.roy, b. 4/16/1955 at Grand Island, Nebraskao Suanne Marte(12)McElroy, b. 12/11/1958 at Grand Island, Nebraskao Donald Keit-h(ll) Bates, b. 3/10/1946 at Grand Island, Nebraska. Cleytus Mural(! 0) Bates, b. 6/ l /1905, m. Jessie Viola Whitakero No child. Walter Wesl$y(lO)Bates, b. lL., ,'1910 at Hastings, Nebraska, d. 4/11/1917. Louis Eugene(l0) Bates, b. l l 15/ 1915, m. (1st) Mary Frye( 11 / 11 / 1915-8/ 25/ 51 James Eugene(l l) Bates, b. 10/13/1943 at Long Beach, Californiao Thomas Richard(l l) Bates, b. 11/16/1946 at Beatrice, Nebraskao Mary Loui1o(ll) Bates, b.9/15/1949 at Beatrice, Nebraska. Suanne(ll) Bates, b,3/16/1952 at Beatrice, Nebraska. Louis E. (10) Bates m, (2nd) Loraine Vitosh,b.11/7/19330 Daniel Loui1(ll) Bates, b. 7/2/1959 in Beatrice, Nebraska. Robert Charles(ll) Bates, b.1/27/1961 in Beatrice, Nebraskao Ruth Grace( l 0) Bates, b. 6/11/1917 in Hastings; m. 10/ 24/ l 9 3 7 at Hastings, Nebraska to Ve.rne Kenneth Ramsey, b. 3/21/1915 in Hall County, Nebraska­ parents William Otto Ramsey, b. in Streator, Illinois, m. Elizabeth Piercy, b • in England. Verne Kaye(ll) Ramsey, b.12/13/1938, m.6/9/1961 in Hastings, Nebr. to Genevieve Weyand, b. 6/21/1938 in Sutton, Nebraska; her parents are Jes, Orin Weyand and Lois D. Wiggins. Dougla.1 Eugene(lZ) Ramsey, b. 6/6/ l 963 in Omaha, Nebraska. Jerold Lee(ll) Ram2Jey, b. 7/14/1940 at Hastings, Nebraska. Larry Eugene{ll) Ramsey, b. 5/26/1944 at Hastings, Nebraskao To Mrs. Verne Kenneth Ramsey(lO) supra, of I-lastings, Nebraska, we are indebted for a copy of her family-tree and other data from which we have ab1tracted the above family of Frank Bates(9). Frances Bates(9),b.April l9, 1876; d.May 8, 1941; m.Arthur Oliver Comer who was b. 5/13/1869 at Shawnee Mou.nd, Henry County, Missouri; do 4/8/1962 at· Pontiac, Michigan. Arthur Carlyle(l0) Comer, b. 12/5/1905 in Springfield, Missouri; m. Marie-----, who was b, 9/30/1905 in Pennsylvania. No children. Dorothy(IO) Comer, b.6/5/1907 in Columbia, Missouri; mo 5/17/1924 in Norman, Oklao to Jesse WilliamDavis who was b.ll/8/1904inSherman, Texas, and whose parents are Robert Paul Davis b. 3/7/1885 in Bonham, Fanin Cou.nty, Texas, m. 12/22/1903 tg Lillian Tevebaugh who was bo 12/17/ 1888 at Mountain Home, Baxter County, Arkansas. William Richard Davis, b. 12/7/1927 in Pontiac, Michigan; m. 9/15/1950 to Carol Elizabeth Voorhees, b.1/19/1931 at Detroit, Michigan. James Micheal Davis, b. 11/3/1951 in Pontiac, Michigan. Terry Lynn Davis, b. 3/28/1955 in Pontiac, Michigan. Roger Selwyn(l0) Comer, b.7/11/1908; m.Ellerene Tanguay. No child. Carl Frederick( 10) Comer, 7 / 4/ l 910-1/14/ 19 58; m. Pauline- - - -- . No child Carolyn(IO) Comer, b. 7/4/1910 in Columbia, Mo. Unmarried, 19620

- 26 - Joh.n Luther(l0) Comer, b. 12/16/1913 in Oklahoma City, Okla; m._3/ 16/ 1935 in Norman, Okla. Edith You.ng, who was b. l / 17 / 1911 at Oronoga (rural) in Jasper Counfy, Missouri, and whose parents are Oscar F. Young, b. in Almond, Portage Co., Wisconsin, m. Bonnie Luel Byler, b. in Linn Creek, Camde.n Coo, Missourio Their only child is Nancy Sue(ll) Comer, b. October 9, 1941 in Oklahoma City, Oklao m. 10/ Z7 / 1962 in Oklahoma City to Robert Leonard Custer who was b. 10/9/1940 in Oklahoma City exactly one year before Nancy. His pare.nts are Harley Custer, ho 1910 in Oklahoma, rr1., Margaret Sue Cooley, b. 1915 at Ft. Smith, Arkansaso Arthur Co Bates(9), bo Septo 2, 1878 in Talulla, Menard Co., Illinois; m. Mar. 5, 1918 in Sto Joseph, Missouri to Mildred Eleanor Glaze who was bo Oct. 24, 1888 in Clearfield, Taylor-Ringgold Co., Iowa, daughter of Smith W o and Mary Jane Utterback Glaze. The Reverend Arthur C. Bates preached the Gospel for 41 years in the Methodist Church. The 11 C" for his middle name is that of his father, Walter Cq Bates, who adopted that letter for identification purposes as the family Walters grew numerouso Our thanks to Mrso Arthur C. Bates of Hastings, Ne­ braska, not only for data regarding her immediate family, but also for gathering information relating to other Bateses that are massed in south-central Nebraska, around Thayer County. Earl Gilbert Bates(l0), bo Jan. 9, 1919 in Oak, Nuckolls Coo, Neb_, m.Augo 14, 1954 Catherine Sikes of Phoe.nix, Arizona, bo July 25, 1918 .. No childo Arthur Glaze Bates{l0), ho March 29, 1930 in Superior, Nuckolls Coo, Neb.; m .. Oct. ZS, 1954 Frances Perry of Holdrege, Nebo, b. Augo 22, 1929. Steven Ronald Bates(ll), b. Feb. 12, 1956 in Rochester, No Y. Valerie Jo Bates(ll), b. June 14, 1957 in Monte Vista, Rio Grande Coo, Colorado, David Perry Bates(ll), b. Nov. 22, 1959 in Guymon, Texas Coo, Oklao Jean Louise Bates is an adopted daughter b. November 6, 1922 in Omaha, Nebraska whom. (1st) May 9, 1943 Ralph Doremus, mo (2nd) Nov. 6, 1960 Robert Paul Jones, b. Nov. 21, 1920 in Fairbury, Nebo Stanley David Doremus, b .. 10/8/1945, Stromsburg., Nebo Drowned 1/11/580 Beth Ann Doremus, b. Sept. 28, 1947 in Stromsburg, Nebraska. LaNita Fae Doremus, ho Sept. 15, 1952 in Lincoln, Nebraska. Childre.n of Walter Co (8) and Mary Keim Folk Bates Harvey Theodore Bates(9), b. October 2, 1881 in Carleton, Thayer County, Ne­ braska; d. July 14, 1959 and i. thereat; m. (1st) October 3, 1906 in Carleton to Eva May Miller who was bo June 5, 1882 in Waterloo, Iowa, d~ July 28, 1944 at Carleton, Nebraska, i. thereat. Her parents are Samuel A. Miller, b. Berlin, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, whom.Sarah Glessner, ho Roxburry (not on our maps), Pe.nnsylvaniao Hem. (2nd) August 7, 1948 Ollive Bailey Taylor, b. 18880 Harvey had no children; they raised Eva's nephew, Donald Fitten(m. Wilma-----), and in 1925 adopted a daughter, Mary Katherine Bates who was b. Jan. 30, 1925 i.n Wichita, Kansas, and mo May 1, 1943 to Merlin L. Otte who was b. Deco 28, 1923 in Shickley, Fillmore County, Nebraska. Their two children are Ronnie

- 27 - James Nass Otte, b. Feb, 22, 1944 in Springfield, Illinois, and Deborah L. Otte, b. March 4, 1951 in Kansas City, Missourio Walter Jo Bate,, Sr. (9), bo July 26, 1884 in Carleton, Thayer County, Nebraska; d. June 21, 1954 at nearby Davenport; io at Carleton; m. October 10, 1907 in Hastings, Nebras·ka to Olive Berkey who was b. January 23, 1888 in Davenport, and whose parents are David Austin Berkey m., Louisa Phillippi. Robert O, Bates(lO), b. 2/1/1908 in Carleton, Nebraska; m. 4/4/1931 to Mildred R~ne Stallings who was bo 8/14/1908; her parents are Oren E. and Blanche Stallings. Lou Ann(ll) Bates, ho 6/28/1933 in Carleton; m. 11/8/1952 to James D. Sills in Huntington Park, California. Darla Kae(lZ) Sills, b.9/30/1953 in Memphis, Tennesseeo Debra Lynn( 1 Z) Sills, ho 2/25/1956 in Huntington Park, Calif or11ia. James David(lZ) Sills, b. 4/26/1959 in Bell, Lo A. Coo, Californiao Diane Louise(IZ) Sills, bo 10/21/1962 in Bell, California. Nancy Lea( 11) Bates, b. 4/ l 5/ 193 5 in Carleton; mo 9/3/1955 to Thomas M. Mitchell in Huntington Park, Californiao Robert Earl(lZ) Mitchell, ho 10/18/1958 in Nashville, Tennessee. Jeffrey Miles(! Z) Mitchell, bo 8/2/1961 in I~os Angeles, Californiao Karen Irene( 11) Bates, b. 9/13/1940 in South Gate, J_'- Ao Coo , California, mo 6/Z7 / 1959 in Huntington Park,. California to Eugene Harold Ramseyo No child, 1962. Duane Austi.n Bates( l 0), b. 1 / 12/ 1910 in Davenport, Thayer County, Nebraska; mo 9/11/1933 in Salina, Kansas to Anna Antonia Augusta Deepe who was ho 1/14/1914 at Carleton, Thayer County, Nebraska, and whose parents are John Deepe born in Ostfriesland, Germany, and Anna Lack born in Grulich, Austriao Roger Neal(l 1) Bates, b., 11/3/1934 in Davenport, Nebraska;mo March 30, 1958 in Shickley, Fillmore Co., Nebraska to Jenice Rae Anderson who was ho 10/13/1936 in Shickley and whose parents are Eugene and .Eleanor Koch Andersonci Rodney James(l2) Bates, b. 10/18/1958 in Humbolbt, Nebraskao Jackie Jea.n(l2) Bates, b. 4/15/1960 in Hebron, Thayer Co., Nehraskao Dorothy Florence Bates(l0), b.12/16/1911 in Davenport, Nebro mo 7/6/1934 in Min.neapolis, Ottawa County, Kansas to Richard Bowen Travis who was b. 10/26/1911 in Sibley, Osceola County, Iowa; and whose parents are Dr. Franklin Field Travis ho in Hamburg, Fremont County, Iowa me Minnie Bowen who was b, in Putnamville, Putnam County, Indiana. Richard Bates(! I) Travis, b. 5/29/1937 in Lincoln, Nebraska; m. 8/13/1959 in Las Ve gas, Nevada to Betty Ann Christopherson who was ho 12/5/1941 in Mi.not, North Dakota, and whose parents are Norris Ver.non and Anna Ellen Loken Christopherson. Kevin Norris(l2) Travis b. 12/19/1960 in South Gate, Californiao Expecting in November, 19630 Robert Karl(ll) Travis, b.12/14/ 1947 in South Gate, Californiao Margaret Eloise Bates(I0), b. 5/30/1914 in Davenport, Thayer Co., Nebraska; mo 7/15/1933 in Lancaster County to Don Wilson Miller who was ho 7/15/1913

- 28 - in Davenport, his parents being William and Ella May Scott Miller, both natives of Nebraskao Marian Eileen(l l) Miller, bo 2/16/1934 in Davenport, Nebraska mo 12/26/1953 in Davenport to Delbert Dean Kotas who was ho 12/27/1933 also in Davenport; his parents are Fred Kotas, Jr~ mo Hazel Rhuge, both natives of Nebraskao No child, 19620 Don Royce(ll) Miller, ho 3/13/1939 in Davenport; mo 5/21/1960 thereat to Sharlyn Friedline Allington who was ho 1/17/1937 in Thayer County, a daughter of Dale Friedline mo Orva Avers, both natives of Nebraskao William Charles(l2) Miller, bo 1/8/1961 in Deshler, Nebraska., Jerry Dean(ll) Miller, bo8/25/1942 at Davenport, Nebraskao Jane Ellen(l 1) Miller, bo 8/6/1945 in Carleton, Nebraska. Marian Fay Bates ( 10), bo 9/12/1918 & do 6/4/1919 at Davenport; io Carleton" Walter Jo Bates, Jr" (10), b .. 9/5/1929 in Davenport; mo2/26/1950 in Carleton, Nebraska to Nola Evelyn Bartling who was bo August 14, 1930 in Gilead, Thayer Coo, and whose parents are Carl John and Clarissia Deaver Bartling, both born in Gilead, Thayer County, Nehraskao James Allen(ll) Bates, bo 2/24/1951 in Hebron, Thayer Countyo Beverly Kaye(ll) Bates, ho 5/9/1953 in Hebron, Thayer Countyo Barbara Jo(l l) Bates, b. 9/10/1955 in Deshler, Thayer Countyo Brenda Lee(ll) Bates, bo 7/11/1957 in Deshler, Thayer Countyo Walter J. (11) Bates III, h. 12/28/1958 in Deshler, Thayer Countyo Mary {Mamie) Edith Bates(9), 5/ 11/ 1886-2/23/1941, mo 9/28/1908 in Carletbn, Nebraska to Edwin Forrest Smith who was bo 2/28/1883, and to whom we are greatly indebted for this compilation of his descendants o Esther Faye( 10) Smith, bo 8/3/1909; mo 6/ 15/ 193 8 Bertrand Eldridge Gilles­ pieo Allen Roy(ll) Gillespie, ho 7/26/1942 in Glen Ridge New Jerseyo Carol Jean( 11) Gillespie, bo 7/12/1945 in Alexandria, Vir giniao · Ke.n.neth Warren(l0) Smith, ho 10/4/1910; mo 5/21/1932 Nina Lou Sykeso George Edwin(ll) Smith, ho 5/3/1933; mo 6/23/1962 Sarah Do Bates, no kino Georgia Katherine(l2) Smith, bo 3/28/1963 in Arvada, near Denvero James Warren(ll) Smith, bo 7/5/1934; m. 7/19/1958 Nancy Elliott Chester- mano Warren Randolph( 12) Smith, ho 2/15/1960 in Iowa City, Iowao Scott Frazer(l2) Smith, bo 3/13/1961 in Iowa City, Iowag Stanley Ray(ll) Smith, bo 1/24/19400 Roma Mae(l0) Smith, ho 4/22/1912; mo 6/6/1937 George Gg Adams., Darryl George(ll) Adams, bo 3/30/1939;mo 8/25/1959 Jemalee Johnstono Edwin Jan1es(l0) Smith, ho 11/16/1915; mQ 3/12/1938 Mildred Jean Cospero Thomas Edwin(ll) Smith, b. 1/30/1940; mo 6/18/1961 Jean Louise Currence., Brian Timothy(l2) Smith, bo 5/7/1963 in Fort Collins, Coloradoo Richard Bates(ll) Smith, bo 8/7/1942 in Greenville, North Carolinao Sally Jean(! I) Smith, ho 11/27/1948 in Santa Fe, New Mexicoo Gordon James(ll) Smith, b. 10/15/1954 in Santa Fe, New Mexico ..

- 29 - Walter Bates (10) Smith, bo 3/12/1917; mo 5/15/1939 Novey Ruth Smith, no kin0 Myrrl Wayne(! I) Smith, ho 4/4/1940; mo 2/6/1958 Rosemary Burnso Tamela Denise(lZ) Smith., ho 10/6/1958 in Alamosa, Coloradoo Jerry Walter(! I) Smith, bo 9/21/ l 941 in Alamosa, Coloradoo Forrest Dean(ll) Smith, ho 8/8/1943 in Alamosa, Coloradoo Karen Ruth(l l) Smith, b. 11/6/1947 in Alamosa, Coloradoo Lyle Eugene(l0) Smith, ho 2/27/1919; mo 5/17/1940 Freda Juanita Quillero Diana Faye(ll) Smith., ho.6/6/1942 in Alamosa, Coloradoo Robert Eugene(ll) Smith, bo 11/27/1944 in Alamosa., Coloradoo Debra Lynn(ll) Smith, b11 10/24/1952 in Alamosa, Coloradoo Earl Dean(! 0) Smith, ho 2/9/1923 in Blanco, Colorado; mo 4/21/1944 to Bertha Mae Long who was bQ3/ll/1923o Judith Ann(ll} Smith, bo 9/29/1945 i.n Columbus, Ohioo Kenneth Lyle(l l) Smith, b. 8/20/1948 in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Susan Marie(ll) Smith, ho 1/17/1950 in Steamboat Springs, Coloradoo Douglas Dean(ll) Smith, ho 10/29/1951 in Steamboat Springs, Coloradoo Earl Clayto~ Bates (9), bo 3/ 19/ l 890 in Carleton, Nebraska; do 10/5/1918j un­ timely, after a 3-day illness i.n an influenza epidemic at Carleton; io thereat; mo 3/29/1914 in Carleton to Valera Meek who was bo 5/17/1891 in Carleton, where she re sides, 1963 o Raoma Maxine( 10) Bates, ho 3/29/1915 in Carleton; mo there 6/ 26 / 1934 to Marlin Jay Beavers who was b. 3/12/1910 in Carleton, Nebraskao Donna Lou(ll) Beavers, bo 1/18/1935 in Hastings, Nebraska; mo6/27/54 in Davenport, Nebraska to Edwin Dale Ficken who was ho 1/18/1932 in Edgar, Nucholls Coo Nebraska - the fourth child of Henry Fred Ficken (bo 1890 in Edgar) and Meta Tewes who was b. 1896 in Gyham, Germanyo Kent Edwin(l2) Ficken, b. 3/27/1955 i.n Hastings, Nebraskao Kelly Ray(lZ) Ficken, bo 12/9/1958 in Hastings, Nebraskao Kristie Lyn(l2) Ficken, ho 3/16/1962 in Hastings, Nebraskao

A BIT OF SIMMONS GENEALOGY

A 1930 photograph Vv.i.th notation "Cousin Minnie Stro.ng, age 80", plus a separate letter headed "Cochrane, Alberta, April 18, 1940, Dear Cousin Meme 1 11 (Amelia Bates Shaffer)", sig.ned ' Merle Strong Peck , and mentioning but not naming her mother were this last summer (1962) found in an attic collection of Meme 's photographs and papers at Wyoming., Iowa by step-daughter Pauline Shaffer Bates. A shot-in-the-dark letter to Mrs. Peck., addressed to the 22- year-old address at Cochrane, was delivered by efficient Canadia.n postal ser­ vice, not at Cochrane, but at Calgary, Albertao Subsequent correspondence with Mrs. Peck, and a little detective work, aided by some gravestone in­ scriptions and county records gathered last spring (1962) by Pauline and her sister Marian Shaffer Steele at Stanwood, Cedar County, Iowa has give.n to Mrs. Peck a knowledge of her grandparents of which she and two living sisters have

- 30 - bee.n unawareo Their grandfather, William Simmons, proved to be a brother of Margaret Simmons (1799-1884) who married Theodore Bates (1793-1869). William SiminorLS bo March 6, 1805 in Sharon, Schoharie County, N. Yo; doApril------14, 1867 at Stanwood, Cedar County, Iowa; io Red Oak Cemetery there- at; mo Lilly Wilmesty who was bo Jwie 13, 1806 in Victor, Ontario County, No Yo; do March Z, 1889 at Stanwood, Iowa; io thereato Children of William and Lydia Simmons, first four bo i.n Ne~ York Chester Wo Simmons, b •. 1832-33; mo April 22, 1858 to Elizabeth Ann Crow who was bo 1840 in Indianao According to 1860 Census they farmed in Fremont Twpo, Cedar County., Iowa, and had a daughter, Lydia, age lo Olive Simmons, bo Octo 27, 1835; do Novo 27, 1914 at Kansas City, Missouri; mo John Davidson who was ho August 29, 1834 in Ireland; do Novo 16, 1891; both io Red Oak Cemetery in Stanwood, Cedar County, Iowao They had two children, Fred {1864-1953 unmarried) and Hainer (1869-1949),, Marvin Lo Simmons, ho 1839-40; served in Civil War, Union soldiero William Ho Simmons, b .. 1842-43. Sarah Adelia (Delia)Simmons, bo 1845-46 in Michigan; m. ------Ballardo Mary (Minnie) Eliza Simmons, bo March 6, 1850 in Marshall, Calhoun County, Michigan; do October 29, 1943 at Calgary, Alberta; io Fletcher lot, Union Cemetery thereat; mo John Powers Strong who was ho about 1846 in Vermonto Minnie and four of her children were school teacherso John Strong, at age 17, was a soldier in Civil War; he

FINIS

- 31 - fOSTSCRIPTS

This is an addendum; and an expectation has been realized in the family of Riobard and Betty Ann Travis. Kimberly Ann Travis arrived on schedule, born November 5, 1963 at Lynwood, Los Angeles County, California. (page 28, line 44)

In another part of the country where temperatures are much colder than in Los Angeles, the stork bas also made good. At Greely, in the Colorado mountains, a son was born to Bert and Adele Siddle. One David Richard Siddle arrived on Dec­ ember 18, 1963, (page 21, line 1)

That same stork whispered confj_dentially to us that he loved the Colorado mountains so much that he was hanging around Denver and is contemplating calling on the Letsingers early in June- perhaps on Memorial Day. (page 22, line 44)

Also in Colorado, at Craig on February 14, 1964, Norma Jean Dean be­ came Mrs, Dennis Temple of Hayden, Colorado. (page 22, line 41) Best wishes to both of you !

Mr. and Mrs. R. Wayne Marsh of Grand Island, Nebraska have announced the engagement of their daughter Cleo Arlene to Air Force Lieutenant Jerald Lee Ramsey, a son of Mr. and Mrs, V, Kenneth Ramsey of Hastings, Nebraska, the wedding to take place June 13, 1964 in Grand Island. (p. 26, line 23)

THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY .RICHARD H. HILL, Managing Editor

OFFICERS OF THE FILSON CLUB P,e1ident ...... _...... Leo T. Wolford Pir st V ice-President ...... Dr. J. Arvid O. Brennan Second Vice•President ...... J. Alexander Stewart Third Vice-President ...... Preston P. Joyes, St. Se ere tary ...... -- .. -...... Richard H. Hill T rea.111,e, ...... - ...... "...... George M. Chescheir, St.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS The six officers and Robert M. Carrier, Jr. Anderson C. Dearing, Jr. Philip M. Lanier Robert B. McOoweU John S. Speed Joe M. Rodes Mrs. George R. Bickel Robinson S. Brown, Jr. Phillip B. Newman, Jt.

CURATOR, Mrs. Dorothy Thomas Cullen Asm°rANT CUR.ATO~ Miss Evelyn R. Dale

- 32- THE SHAKER HARVEST IN KENTIJCKY

BY RAYMOND J. RANDLES Louisville, Kentucky THE SHAKER HARVEST IN KENTIJCKY

BY RAYMOND J. RANDLES I..ouisville, Kentucky

I. THE PLANTING

The title of this work was suggested by the sub-title of the Shaker history Testimon)' of Christ's Second Appearing, by Benjamin S. Youngs. Following seventeenth and eighteenth century form, the sub-title out­ lined the scope of the book as covering the ,vorld's history "from the creation of n1an to the Harvest."1 Probably no figure of speech so captures the spirit and character of Shakerism in Kentucky as this one etnployed by the official historian of the Society. The cycle of sowing, cultivating, and reaping ,vas ,veil known to this agrarian people. Like the cycle of nature was the Society's own growth: spring planting gave \vay to sununer cultiv_ating, which in turn ripened into an autumn harvest. As in nature the autu1nn harvest ,vas succeeded by winter's desolation which brought eventual death to Shakerism in Kentucky. The nineteenth century opened ,vith a great religious awakening in the western states. Fro1n its center in Kentucky, reverberations of the Revival were felt in Ohio, Tennessee, and even Virginia. Freedom was the keynote of the move111ent. Therefore, in every place touched by the Revival, congregations felt themselves liberated, and free, if they chose, to break ·with the established denorninations. Many groups exercised this new found freed om of conscience and teaching within the framework of the existing church organizations, but some did not. In 1804 Rice Haggard drew up plans for uniting all believers in Christ into a new and universal church. Members of this new de­ nomination would bear the name "Christian."2 Championed by Barton Stone and other discontent preachers, these new Christians sought to spread their beliefs wherever the light of the Revival had broken upon the wilderness churches. As a result congregations were torn asunder~ In Ohio, the Presbytery at Springfield broke with the Kentucky Synod, forming a New Light society, as these groups were also called. The Kenh.Icky Revival reached its climax in 1804. In that year the devout believers began to expect that in 1805 God would make known to them His full salvation.3 Newspapers in the Eastern states carried reports of the Revival. Either by coincidence or as an answer to prayer,

RepPoduced by permission of the Filson Club and the Author. The Shaker Har11es1 39 the press reports were eagerly read by the leaders of the growing religious colony at New Lebanon, New York. These people were the followers of Ann Lee, an English religious leader who broke with the established churches and founded a society of her own. She was called by her followers Mother Ann; and as they believed that Christ had made His second appearance in Ann, the society was known by the rumbersome title: United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. - Ann Lee, born on February 28, 1736, was a worker in Manchester, England. At the age of twenty-two she joined a group of religious dissenters led by the Quaker tailors James and Jane Wardley.. ' In· Manchestery she became the recognized religious leader of her circle of acquaintances. Thus a new sect was formed, for her followers considered her the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. Due to persecution she and her friends came to .,America in 177 4. . Shaker theologians elaborated the doctrine of Ann's divinity in quite a logical manner:

The Church is called .. the body of Christ,U which signifies the 0 body of the annointed,.. the body of those who have received the Holy Spirit and have been baptized into the one spiritual body. Hence it is written, 0 The annointing which ye have received of him abideth in you, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory." Therefore Christ, or the divine an­ nointing in the body of the Church, is not a man or a woman, but the unction, or anointing of His Holy Spirit of which the annointing oil with which the Jewish kings and prophets were formerly annointed was a figure.1 The world is not one person, but many. Yet all the world sprang from one man who is therefore considered as the foundation pillar or first father of the human race. But as the man was not alone in the foundation of the old creation, so neither did Christ Jesus in His single Person complete the order in the foundation of the new creation . . . Man annointed with the Holy Spirit was the first foundation pillar of the Church. As the Church is not composed of the man without the woman but both are united in the Lord by an inseparable bond of spiritual union, it follows in course that such a union ano relation sprang from a first man and a first woman who were thus united. As sin first took its seat in the woman and thence entered into the human race, and as Christ, in taking upon Him the nature of fallen man in Jesus to purify and redeem him, made His first appearing in the _line of the male only, therefore the mystery of iniquity, or man of sin, was not fully revealed, nor the mystery of God finished in Christ's first ap­ pearing. Therefore it was also necessary that Christ should make His second appearing in the line of the female, and that in one who was conceived in sin and lost in the fullness of man's fall, because in the women the root of sin was first planted, and its final destruction must begin where its foundation was first laid and from whence it entered the human race. 40 The Filson C/11b History Q11arterly [Vol. 37

Therefore, in the fullness of time, according to the unchangeable purpose of God, that same Spirit and Word of power which created man in the beginning, which spake by all the prophets, which dwelt in the man Jesus, which was given to the apostles and true witnesses as the Holy Spirit and Word of promise, which groaned in them waiting for the day of redemption, and which was spoken in the language of prophecy as a woman travailing with child and pain to be delivered was revealed in the woman. And that woman in whom was manifested that Spirit and Word of power, who was annointed and chosen of God to reveal the mystery of iniquity, to stand as the first in the order, to accomplish the purpose of God in the restoration of that which was lost by the transgression of the first woman, and to finish the work of man's final redemption was Ann Lee. Then the roan who was called Jesus, and the woman who was called Ann are verily the first two visible foundation pillars of the Church of Christ; the two annointed ones, the two first heirs of promise, between whom the covenant of eternal life was established, the first father and mother of all the children of regeneration, the two first visible parents in the work of redemption, and in whom was revealed the invisible joint parentage of the new creation for the inrcease of that seed through which all the families of the world shall be blessed.0

The New Lebanon leaders studied the news from Kentucky with great interest, remembering a prophecy made by Mother Ann that the next great opening of the work of salvation would be in a level land in the West. Consequently they chose three devout men: John Meacham, Benjamin Seth Youngs, and Issachar Bates, and sent them as missionaries to the Weitern states. The three willingly accepted the call. Thus it was that on the morning of January 1, 1805, they set out on foot for the home of the Kentucky Revival.' After journeying along the Atlantic seaboard, they reached Virginia and turned westward. Here they encountered the first visible signs of the Revival. They made inquiries as to the source of the movement and passed on. On February 15 they arrived in Tennessee where they met the new sect called Christians. Judging them to be little different from other denominations, they passed over into Kentucky. At both Paint Lick in Garrard County, and Cane Ridge in Bourbon County, they were well received. However, the three messengers crossed into Ohio, arriving at Turtle Creek on lYiarch 22, 1805. There they met Makham Worley, a product of the Revival, who took them into his home. He listened earnestly to the new teachings which they brought, and became the first convert in the West. Worley took Youngs and his companions to the home of the Presbyterian minister, Richard McNemar. 11cNemar had followed the Springfield Presbytery in their break with the Kentucky Synod, but he kept his mind open. This was his first knowledge of the United 1963] The Shaker Harvest 41

Society, and upon hearing the new doctrines, he was averse to the sect. Yet McNemar possessed one of those keen minds which continually seeks new areas of truth. Educated in both Greek and Latin he recognized the copious field of truth, and, as he said, he was disposed to listen and learn more of God than was included in his own sphere of knowledge.8 After rejecting the doctrines out of hand, McNemar began to won• der if there might not be truth there after all. The .next few weeks he spent in conversations with the missionaries, intensive study of both Scriptures and theologians, and meditation. Finally he found himself in a position to go with the weight of evidence. The doctrine of salvation and the devout life of the Believers convmced him, and he joined Worley in the new faith. He proved to be invaluable to Youngs and the others, and the most outstanding of the early Western· converts. He was a learned man, a leader in the Springfield Presby• tery, but more important a sincere and dedicated worker. He was the Society's first hymnologist, and as communities of Believers sprang up in the West, he was designated official trouble-shooter and peac~ maker.• Fortunate as the conversion of McNemar was, it was one of only a few victories in those early endeavors. Opponents styled the Believers "Shakers," because of their dances and exercises during worship. They soon, however, adopted this name as their own. Yet the very freedom of ideas which had brought the Shakers from New Lebanon was to be denied them by the men who professed that freedom so strongly, namely the Springfield Presbytery. Thus it has ever been with men: after fighting a life.and.death struggle to gain freedom, they deny that precious commodity to all but the chosen few. In this way liberators become dictators, and to the common man all that has changed is the ruling clique. Nowhere is this more true than among the religious, and nowhere more odious. The new group styled Christians owed their very existence to the freedom afforded them by the Revival, yet, on hearing the Shaker brethren they f orbad them to speak in public. Paul, Barnabbas, and Mark were better received by the pagans of Salamis than were the three missionaries from New Lebanon by professed Christians. In a letter dated April 5, 1805, Brother Thompson spoke to the inhabitants of Turtle Creek on behalf of the Springfield Presbytery as follows: · It matters not to me who they are, who are the devil's tools, whether men or angels, good men or bad. In the strength of God I need not despair. I used levity once to the devil because he came in a good man, namely Warren; but my God respects no man's person. T W'nnU 1-J..-•• 42 The Filson Club History Quarterly [Vol. 37

were even cut off who trouble you. I mean in the name and strength of God to lift His rod of almighty truth against the vipers .... I Jo not say that they are not good men, or that the body of their sect are not such. Perhaps they have more light than any other sect. Perhaps they have more power.10 It is difficult to conceive how Thon1pson could have written such double talk, much less believed it. Yet in hjs mind the two positions were completely tenable. This was demonstrated quite graphically on April 27, 1805, \vhen he attended a Turtle Creek gathering at which the Shakers explained their doctrines. The Pharisaical Thompson interrupted the meeting by calling for an investigation of the heretical doctrines, and concluded his harangue by shouting, "They are liars! They are liars! They are liars!"11 McNemar who was present at the 1neeting explained that Thon1pson was acting in accordance with che fable that a liar is not to be believed even when he tells the truth. Thus the Shaker doctrines were conceded to contain truth, but they ,vere not to be believed because the Shakers had been publicly pro­ nounced liars. The Shakers \Vere henceforth barred f rorn speaking in many meet­ ings, even fron1 answering charges leveled against them. They were insulted and ridiculed; yet the strength of their overpowering meekness was best exhibited by Youngs \vhen, being barred from speaking, he calmly said, ('I am sorry to see you abusing your own light."12 Never­ theless a small nucleus of Believers formed. They suffered all manner of abuse from their neighbors, especially ,vith those epithets used in Scripture to describe the deceiver and the false prophet. It must be understood that the chief opposition to the Shakers came fron1 the religious leaders; the laymen were eager to hear of the new faith. Through inflamatory speeches and false rCf-'-Orts those not directly acquainted with the Shakers were prejudiced against them. Even after five years the same hackneyed charges were laid at the door of the Society. Shaker historians traced the course of persecution. At first their opponents contented themselves with curses and insults. Soon, how­ ever, they turned to attacks upon persons and property, resorting to physical assault and arson.13 Seeing that the Shakers continued to grow in spite of litigation and hooliganism, the enraged inhabitants of the Spring£ ield area obtained papers perrnitting them to use force in driving out the hated sect. Accordingly, a body of militia and "public spirited)> citizens gathered on August 27, 1810, to expel the Shakers. A mob of some five hundred men descended upon the small Shaker community of Union Villiage, Ohio, while an estimated crowd of two thousand watched the spectacle. 196~] The Shaker Harvesl Matthew Wallace, a Presbyterian minister, acted as spokesman for the group. He demanded that the Shakers relinquish their principles and practice, their public testimony and mode and manner of worship, or leave the country.u Having duly purchased the land on which they lived, the Shakers contended that they would not leave; and further­ more they declared that they would not give up the freed om of conscience and worship guaranteed them by the United States Govern­ ment. Such forthright defiance of their orders caused the men to reconsider their position. After some deliberation they agreed to in­ spect the community. They found it clean and neat. Furthermore, they found the children, reported to be held against their will, happy in their nevv way of !ife. Those who came to scoff remained to view with respect the simple, devout life of the Shakers, and strength through 111eekness won the day. In the summer of 1805, Youngs and McNetnar set out on a journey into Kentucky. In spite of persecution, small groups had gathered in Ohio, and the two missionaries sought similar converts in the Bluegrass. They visited Shawnee Run in ?vlercer County and Paint Lick in Garrard County. At the latter community Matthew Houston, a former opponent, ,vas converted to Shakerism. On a subsequent journey by Bates, McNemar, and Houston to Gasper Springs in Logan County, twenty-three adults were converted.15 As in the parable of the sower, some seed fell on good ground and bore much fruit. In £act, almost immediately the fruits of these missionary endeavors began to appear. Believers began to collect at Shawnee Run in 1806, and by 1809 the community was gathered to form the settlement of Pleasant Hill in Mercer County. Similarly, the converts at Gasper Springs spread the good tidings 't1vhich they had received, and in 1809 that community was gathered and designated South Union, Logan County.11 As these communities gathered, the most shocking tales were spread abroad concerning Shaker behavior. The main point of contention was the practice of celibacy which the Society followed unswervingly. Their enemies charged that they were out to get property by dividing f amities. The more serious charges were that they castrated their males, danced naked in their meetings, blew out the candles and went into a promiscuous debauch. To complete this indictment the Shakers 11 ,vere accused of murdering the fruits of these unlawful unions. . With such propaganda being ground out by the New Light ministers, it is amazing that these communities could have formed in such a short time. The reason seems to have been that when d1e people heard the Shaker ministers and converts speak, their minds were cleared of the prejudice based on ignorance which had previously 44 The Filson Club History Quarler/7 [Vol. 37 filled them. With simplicity and conviction the new converts witnessed to their neighbors, until even those who did not join the societies respected them. Soon the dances and exercises which characterized Shaker gatherings were accepted by the people. It is interesting to note that in the year 1806, while laboring to gain a foothold for Shakerism in the West, Benjamin Youngs set about the task of compiling Shaker doctrines and history. In a bare attic room, with only a limited number of books for reference, he planned the monumental work The Testimony of Christ's Second Appearing. Before carrying out the actual composition he sought the approbation of the New Lebanon elders. Mother Lucy Wright replied that she and Father Joseph Meacham had often talked of such a work, and now they felt the time was right for its accomplishment.11 She gave her blessing to the book and urged Youngs to have it printed that it might have free circulation. The completed work traced the course of history from the creation to the time of composition. It is valuable for its original interpretations of historical events and its concise explanation of Shaker theology.

II. THE CULTIVATING With the gathering of the new communities in Pleasant Hill and South Union came more hardships. Long hours of rigorous work followed by equally long hours of worship made the Believers susceptible to every contagion which swept the(>area. In 1813 alone, fifty to sixty persons died of the cold plague.19 Fevers, chills, whooping cough, canker rash, influenza, measles and mumps, all took their toll. In spite of all these adverse conditions, the Shakers worked on, and the communities grew. The members at South Union had purchased 2,581 acres as early as 1813.20 Much of the new acreage had to be grubbed before it could be put to use, and the whole community turned out to help. Older boys were even given a half day off from school to aid in the grubbing. Furthermore, over 1,000 fruit trees were planted, and large quantities of maple sugar were gathered in these early years. Gardens were laid out to take care of the needs of the members. Yet agrarian activities were not the sole fare of the Shaker communi­ ties. At South Union, for example, shoe making and sawmill work were the two main industries when the community was gathered. The superior quality of Shaker work soon brought a demand for their products, so that by July, 1812, South Union added a second sawmill. A grist mill and a fulling mill were added by 1814, along with tanning, stone cutting, and carriage making. The building of the grist mill illustrates Shaker perseverance. 1\fuch labor was required in digging 1963] The Shaker Harvest 45 the ditch, and the wall had to be rebuilt several times. Shaker stone cutters spent a month at the Goose Creek quarries near Louisville securing the millstones. It took eleven days for five men using two wagons and thirteen horses to ·transport the stones to the mill. More­ over, the Shakers had to construct a road to the mill site from the road connecting Russellville and Bowling Green.21 It is an interesting commentary to the Shakers' attitude toward education that at South Union in 1810, the first year of the community's existence, both a meeting house and a school were erected. 22 That samt year some seventy to eighty children attended a dinner for the school order. By 1812, the number in the order had risen to 100 children and 18 adults. Malcham Worley and Joseph Stout spent ·six months in Kentucky in 1811 establishing the order _of the schools at both Pleasant Hill and South Union. Thus, hard work went hand in hand with formal education in the Shaker communities. Fifteen years had passed since the three n1issionaries had set out from New Lebanon. A Pleasant Hill journalist noted in his laconic style a most momentous step forward for the Shakers: "Thursday, May 4, 1815. Today the brethren and sisters acknowledged their names to the Covenant before the clerk of the court. It was to be recorded in the clerk's office today."23 Actually, the signing of this Covenant was more of a step than the journalist would lead one to believe. It was the culmination of all the hard labor of fifteen years, and set forth the order of conduct for the Society. The Covenant was drawn up and signed in June, 1814. It is a valuable document, for it begins with a brief account of the establish­ ment of the United Society and its beginnings in the United States. Articles 3, 4, and 5 are especially noteworthy in regard to the conduct of the members. Article 3 provided that all persons desiring member­ ship must be of lawful age to act for themselves, and that they n1ust offer themselves freely and voluntarily. Further, they had to be free of all obligations and debt to those outside the community. If they possessed any tnanner of property, they had to give it to the Society. Thus, every member enjoyed the use of all property belonging to the church, no matter what he or she had originally contributed. Article 4 stated that prior to obtaining membership, anyone having heirs must settle with them, giving them at least what the law re­ quired. If an heir were not of lawful age, the one desiring member­ ship must put down in writing the amount of property to be given him, and that property would be held by the community until such time as the lawful heir came of age. Article 5 read: 46 The Filson Club History Quarterly (Vol. 37

It shall be the duty of the Trustees or agents aforesaid to take general charge and oversight of all and singular the property, estates, and in­ terests dedicated, devoted, and given up as aforesaid to the joint interest of the Church; with all gifts or donations that may at any time be given or devoted to the benefit of the Church, or to the relief of the poor, or any such charitable use or purpose. And the said joint interests, estates, gifts, grants, and donations shall be held by them in the capacity of Trustees or agents, and shall remain forever inviolably under the care and oversight, and at the disposal of the Trustees and agents of the Church in a continual line of succession. 24

According to this final article the Trustees had title to all lands given the co1nmunity by the new converts. Previously, a member upon leaving the community could claim his own property, but the Covenant changed that. Some lawsuits resulted from this clause, but no major conflict ever arose. The procedure at South Union differed in some respects. The members of the First, _or Church, Family signed an agreement giving their all to the Society. On the other hand, the members of the Junior and Novitiate Families signed an agreement which permitted them to retain their property, but·they could take no compensation for their work.25 These agreements were signed before one or more Trustees. The order of organization of n1ost Shaker communities was based on function rather than rank. The Trustees, as we have seen, handled fixed property, gave and received deeds of ·warranty, stood in law for the community, purchased and disposed of property, planned industry, and carried on business transactions with the outside world. The deacons, such as orchard deacon and garden deaconess, were in charge of the various departments of labor, and were responsibile for the needs of their respective families. Under these were the overseers, foremen, and caretakers, those whose special abilities permitted them to oversee the \Vorkers. 26 Thus, the Trustees purchased goods from the world, and these, with the products of farm and shop, were kept in the common store. The deacons and deaconesses obtained from the store the goods for their particular families, and djstributed them proportion­ ately according to need and employment. The Shakers thus practiced a form of communism based not on force but rather on voluntary democratic principles. Although each Shaker community was regarded as one unit, in actual practice the membership ,vas divided into groups known as families. At Pleasant Hill there ,vere five families: the North, East, Central, West, and West Lot. Each familv lived in its own house under supervision of its own elder and eldress, deacon and deaconess, and was responsible for its own affairs. The f amity houses were con- 1963] The Shaker Ha,.ves1 47

structed of brick or stone, with walls averaging three to four feet thick. Each house had two entrances, the left door and stairway being for the men, the right for the women. The dining room was on the ground floor, and the meeting hall was on the floor above. Furnish­ ings were simple but in good taste. Running along th~ walls of each room about six feet from the floor was a narrow board studded with pegs. This was for the hanging of hats and garments, for the Shakers 21 believed that none of these things should be laid down. · To Mother Ann labor was a thing of great honor. -It had divine sanction, for Jesus Himself had been a carpenter, Paul a tent maker, and Peter a fisherman. The Mother herself was a cutter of wool and fur. This preoccupation with labor has been called by one writer a .. philosophy of use. ,,18 Every member had his assigned tasks, from the youngest child to the elder who stood first in the Ministry. Yet, there was no regimentation, and most persons p.t;"acticed two or more trades. For example, Richard McNemar was a weaver, bookbinder, chair maker, printer, editor, author, and preacher. Introduction of new industries coupled with a variety of agrarian and shop activities gave vitality to the Shaker work program. The Shaker theory of work was consecration, not compulsion. Age, sex, and ability were all considered in making work assignments, but once they were made, the member became an integral part of the whole.29 Henceforth he dicl his task with temperate labor, a sort of middle way. Moreover, the Shakers all worked together in emergencies, or on large tasks in which the welfare of the entire community was involved. TI1us a South Union journalist recorded on March 12, 1813, that "all hands great and small, aged, middle aged, and youth, went to the new meadow ground to work today."80 Also, the women of South Union conducted the services in the autumn of 1813 in order that the men might continue to burn brick £or the new meeting house. Here was a co-operative system to be envied, for although some members re­ canted and left the Society, the majority worshipped and labored together in a true fraternal spirit. The Shaker work program with its diversified activities was con­ ducive to a highly inventive spirit. Since they engaged in every manner of labor from packaging garden seeds for market to sheet metalwork, the Believers sought new methods and inventions to facilitate their labor. Although many of the following list of inventions were the brain children of Shakers living outside Kentucky, they will be noted because they illustrate the creative ability of the Society as an economic _force in the country as a whole. Among a staggering list of Shaker inventions are: a screw propeller, a rotary harrow, an automatic spring, a turbine water wheel, a threshing machine, a circular saw, 48 The Filson Club History Quarterly [Vol. 37 cut nails, a pea sheller, a self-acting cheese press, a butter worker, the common clothes pin, the first one-horse wagon used in America, a silk reeling machine, a revolving oven, a machine for paring, coring, and quartering apples, the first metal pins, and flat brooms.21 Perseverance and practical thinking paid off for the Shakers in Kentucky. With hard work and determination they weathered all the storms of the early years. As the struggling colonies took firm root, the Believers began to receive returns on their invested toil. Through the so-called philosophy of use, the tender plants were cultivated, and a bountiful harvest was inevitable.

III. THE HA..'llVFST Recreation in Shaker communities was simple and often connected with work. Bees were often held by the women in honor of some person or event. Spinning bees, sewing bees, and competitive races between two or more workers all served the dual purpose of getting the work finished and providing entertainment. For example, at South Union, Harvey Eades and Milton Robinson had a race planting straw used in the manufacture of Shaker hats. The two commenced work at 3:00 A.M. and continued until 9:00 P.M. Only one hour of the time was taken for meals. After these seventeen grueling hours of actual work, Eades had planted 120 yards of straw while Robinson had completed only 114 yards. Eades, however, declared the race a draw, saying that Robinsdtl's was as much better as his was longer.82 Also included in the Shakers' recreational pursuits were outdoor meals. Whenever any occasion arose, the Believers delighted in having picnic dinners. Exerting work done far from the buildings provided an opportunity. For example, while the South Union brethren worked on a new road, the sisters prepared a meal, carried it to the work site, and served it on a specially prepared table eighty feet long.33 Moreover, such activities as nut gatherings were also times for picincs. Shaker recreation was simple, but rewarding, for their doctrine ·was that work was an integral part of the righteous life and worship. When recreation blended in so well with labor, a dual purpose was thus served. It would be well here to examine the development of worship in the days of fulfillment. The discordant singing and shouting of the primitive church gave way to specially written hymns, songs, and anthems. It will be remembered that Richard McNemar was in­ strumental in the development of Shaker hymnology. Exercises were also more in keeping with the occasion. Yet the exercises, such as the rolling exercise, the jerks, and the barks, never succumbed to 1963) The Shaker Harvest 49 formalism. Rather, they were used as a spontaneous manifestation of power. In the early days of Shakerism in Kentucky exercises had been more a matter of impulse on the part of one or several members. These individuals while thus under divine power would perform all manner of shakings, jerkings, and shouting. Benjamin Youngs re­ corded that in a meeting at Shawnee Run, later Pleasant Hill, Sally Mont£ord was thus exercised. For periods of £if teen to twenty minutes she was exercised in "proper dancing:• "While thus dancing, she frequently fell down on the floor, and lay flat on her back for spells of half an hour to an hour each, in which time she would sing solemn songs, more distinct and slow than while dancing, and very solemn. And part of the time while laying thus, she would speak thus, "Oh, the glory! It is the way! It is the way! Oh, the views of Heaven!"34 She was thus exer<:ised for ~pproximately four hours. Nor_ was it uncommon to see a brother or sister during a meeting turning like a top at the ends of the meeting hall. Spontaneity gave way to more formalized behavior. An example of the more formal gift (for all exercises were considered gifts) , was the warring gift. This consisted of a sweeping motion with the arms and hands as the worshippers marched around the room. This signified sweeping the devil from the room.35 If an erring member were present, he was assailed with implications of "Woe! Woe! Woe!" accompanied by groaning, shouting, shaking, and stamping. Such rituals charac­ terized the public meetings on Sunday, but in private gatherings, remnants of the older spontaneity prevailed, especially during periods of revival. Dancing had always been a fundamental part of Shaker worship. As seen in the case of Sally Mont£ord, the gift of dancing in the early days was for the most part disorganized and prolonged. How­ ever, a gradual refinement took place. Dances and marches were organized and rehearsed before meetings. Ring dances and motioning with the hands during exercise songs were inaugurated. Much effort was required not only in training new converts, but even more im­ portant in correcting erroneous behavior among the experienced dancers.58 Thus with age came maturity. Ceremonialism and ritualism ca.me to the fore, and although much of the spontaneity of earlier days was gone, in the new forms the deeper spiritual precepts were better exhibited. A harvest in the true sense of the term was realized by the Kentucky Shakers in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. It was in these years that the seeds of business which had been so carefully planted and nurtured came to fruition. The Shakers seem to have been blessed with a double portion of astuteness in the realm of 50 The Filson Club History Quarterly (Vol. 37

business. Every opportunity was seized, and usually profitably. One of the greatest advantages of the Shaker way of life was communal living. Furthermore, the community was for the most part self­ sufficient. Therefore, an abundance of agricultural and manufactured goods could be sold at a clear profit. Nowhere was this more evident than in the sale of packaged garden seeds by the members of South TJnion. The sale of surplus garden seeds dated back to the year 1790 ,vhen a farmer in Watervliet, New York, offered some of his seeds on the local market. Revenue from the sale of seeds made up a substantial part of the income of every Shaker community, and it was the principle source of incon1e for the South Union colony. The Shaker merchants sold their seeds much as the rnodern companies do. On their periodic trips to New Orleans and other markets they brought fresh seeds to the storekeepers, collected the proceeds, and took the left over seeds from the previous year. In 1831 tl1e brethren shipped 32,290 packages, netting over $2,000. The following year they shipped 50,273 packages.37 The success of this industry can only be attributed to Shaker honesty. Only the best seeds prepared especially for the purpose were sold. Through offering a consistently high quality product, they insured for themselves a lasting market. Fruits, vegetables, brooms, stnnv hats, and books on Shaker theology along with other numerous articles were sold by the Believers. They sold on the local market and sent merchants in horse and wagon as far away as Georgia and Alabama. These trips usually netted $1,000 or more. Because of their policy of keeping the bottom layer of the basket as good as the top layer, Shaker merchants found a ready .ma.rket for their wares. For the remainder of tl1e centu.ry Shaker merchants were a familiar sight in Kentucky and adjacent areas. Even a more lucrative undertaking were the frequent river trips to New Orleans. The merchants, well stocked with Shaker products. boarded steamboats at Louisville and sold their goods at the ports of call. Proceeds from these trips varied from year to year, but on the whole they far exceeded those from the overland journeys. By way of example, in 1832 the South Union merchants made an overland trip to Alabama which netted $1,700, and a trip by water to New Orleans which placed $2,502.25 in the community's till.38 In the following year sales on the New Orleans trip skyrocketed to the staggering sum of $4,113. Naturally, sales were not always so good. but without them the Shaker communities in Kentucky would have succumbed to the depression of the late 1830's. Through their diver­ sity of products and shrewd but honest business transactions they weathered the storm while most communities fell victim. to the nation­ wide epidemic of dollar shortage. 1963] The Shaker Harvest 51

Another source of income for the Kentucky communities was the raising of fine cattle. Fine bulls for breeding were purchased not only from nearby farms, but also from imported stock. Still other sources of revenue were the raising of silk worms by the South Union sisters, an industry that paid no dividends until the. 1860's; meals prepared for travelers; and boarders. By far the most graphic example of Shaker resourcefulness is found in the practice of the South 1Jnion brethren v,ho, in times of cholera epidemics, carried on a lucrative business selling handmade coffins to their neighbors.89 .When one re­ calls that work was an essential part of the Shaker religious experience, it is not difficult to understand why they carried out their business with such energy. A religious phenomenon began quite inauspiciously when, in the summer of 1837, a class of girls 10 to 14 years of age who were 1neeting for instruction suddenly began to shake and whirl. When they had retired, three of the girls seemed to fall into a trance, and, while thus indisposed, to sing and describe a journey they were making t0 heavenly places.40 After the girls and other men1bers of the com­ munity were overcon1e by this unusual behavior several times, the Ministry declared the songs and revelations to be genuine evidence of divine notice. These events took place at Niskeyuna, near the parent colony cf New Lebanon, New York. Yet in a very short time evidences of these spiritual visitations were felt as far west as Ohio. The visita­ tions a!ways began among the younger girls and from thence spread to the older members. With such widespread evidences of divine visitations, it soon became apparent that a great revival was about to begin. It was called cclvfother Ann's Work." In the early spring of 1838 the Work opened at New Lebanon. On one Sunday afternoon Phile1non Stewart, a member of the Church order, came to the meeting so agitated that he needed the support of several brethren to enter the building. Upon enterting the meeting, he delivered the first communication from Jesus and Mother Ann. Thenceforth members in all Shaker societies began receiving communi­ cations from the heavenly parents. The members who were so blessed \vitl1 divine visitations were designated instruments. At first the in­ struments were seized only during meetings, but as the Work spread they were seized in the dining hall, in the fields, on journeys, or almost anywhere they might be. Messages came unexpectedly. Suddenly the instrument would be v,hirled like a top, sometimes for an hour or more, without having any sensation of dizziness. He would be sub­ jected to the jerks or fall into a trance which lasted for hours, occasion­ ally for days.u During such seizures the victim often lost all com- 52 The Filson Club History Quarterly [Vol. 37 rnand of his native language and could speak only in an unknown tongue or in a mongrel English. On occasions instruments could communicate only with the elders. The initial comn1unications came from Jesus and Mother Ann, but as the year 1838 came to a close, elders who had long since gone to their reward made themselves manifest to the Believers. Nor were visitations limited to the earlier members of the Society, for before the Work ended, such historical personages as Xerxes, Alexander the Great, Napoleon, George Washington, and William Penn, to name only a few, communicated v:ith the Shaker brethren. Moreover, at the height .of this outpouring of divine favor, during a meeting the worshippers were often filled with the spirits of primitive races to whom they longed to communicate their faith. Thus, a member seized by the spirit of an Indian would dance about the hall brandish­ ing an imaginary tomahawk; or, one possessed by the spirit of an Eskimo would go through all the motions of driving a dog sled."2 Almost every racial and ethnic group was thus depicted by the Shaker worshippers as they yearned to share their light with the unenlightened peoples of th~ earth. The year 1840 broug~t the crowning touch to the Work, for in that year Almighty God and Holy Mother Wisdom revealed Themselves to the Shakers through Their instruments. Holy Mother Wisdom was now for the first time officially placed at the head of the Society with God. It is possible that this being was derived from the Sophia Sapienta or Mater Dei of many early Jewish and Christian sects.43 Whatever her origin, she was equated with God, giving the Shakers two sets of divine parents. During the following year Holy Mother Wisdom began visiting the individual societies, inspecting each family, and admonishing the Believers to follow diligently the correct mode of Shaker faith and practice. ccFebruary 2, 1845. The visitation of our Eternal Mother commenced, beginning at the Center Family. The East House was visited on Monday the 3rd, the second order on Tuesday the 4th, the North Family on Wednesday the 5th, and the West Lot Thursday the 6th:••• By 1840 the communications were so numerous that the Ministry ordered that they be put into writing and submitted to the Elders before being read to the members. Whereas Mother Ann's initial communication had challenged the Believers to hark back to the simple faith and life of the early days, the later communications called attention to such extravagances as having more than four silver pens, long green veils, and useless journals; and chided the membership for borrowing tools, for not repairing damaged tools and property, for lea.ving broken glass scattered around, and for wasting the joint in- 1963) · The Shaker Harvest 53

4 terest by not cleaning muddy boots. ~ Here can be seen the real purpose of the communications as viewed by the Ministry. Since the present Shakers had not known the personal presence of Mother Ann and the other founders of the sect, special visitations by these spiritual fore­ runners satisfied this need for the personal touch. By means of these revelations the members could be brought to task £or misdemeanors and inspired to new heights of spiritual living. The societies were divinely instructed to seek out a plot of ground and to dedicate it for outdoor meetings. At South Union the sacred ground was designated Holy Mount, at Pleasant Hill it was called Holy Sinai's Plain. -In typically laconic style the journalist described the finding and preparing of the plot: "September 21,. 1844. Holy Sinai's Plain was found by the inspired." "October 11, 1844. They finished grading Holy Sinai's Plain and sowed it in bluegrass."46 These plots were large and fenced in, for they had to accommodate both the living members and the visiting spirits. For approximately a decade Mother Ann,s Work continued. It can safely be said that this was the greatest revival in Shaker history, and the high point of Shaker life in America. It was also in this period that the Millerite prophecy of the second coming of Christ came. After two predicted dates passed, the followers of Miller began to gather for the purpose of determining what course to take. The journalist at Pleasant Hill inserted a lengthy passage sketching the history of the Millerite sect and the subsequent adherence of many of its members to the Shakers.47 In March, 1845, the Shaker colony at White Water, Ohio, arranged a conference for the Millerites of the area and def rayed all the expenses thereof. Forty of the Millerites joined the Shakers both be£ ore -and during the con£ erence as many of their co-religionists did in the Eastern states. This "flocking to Zion" was a direct answer to all the prophecies which had been made since the beginning of "Mother's Work," according to the journalist. The manifestations of Mother Ann's Work slowly died away. During this period the full realization of Shakerism was reached. The Shaker harvest was rich: rich in both temporal and spiritual blessings. In a real sense this was the culmination of Mother Ann's work~ that work which she had begun long ago in Manchester, England.

IV. EPILOGUE After the conclusion of Mother Ann's Work, life for the Shakers ,vent on much as it always had. Yet, this ideal climate was not to last. The Compromise of 1850 cooled but did not extinguish the hotheads in both North and South. As the decade of the 1850's The Pi/.ron C/uh lli.rlory QMarlef'ly (Vol. 37 progressed, the rumblings of a great civil conflict were not to be denied. A definite cleavage was already evident; as Kentucky was a border state, no one could venture a guess as to which way she would go in case of open hostilities. War broke, but Kentucky re­ mained in the Union. It was fortunate £or the Kentucky Shakers that the state chose to stay with the Union, for with the coming of war, the old problem of military service reared its head. The Shakers were extreme pacifists, and took no part in either local, state, or national government. During the Revolution the Believers had been looked upon as un­ patriotic because they refused to bear arms. Nevertheless, they con­ tinued their stand as conscientious objectors. Then in 1808 or there­ abouts, the legislatures of Massachusetts and New Han1pshire passed laws exempting the Shakers from military service. Kentucky and Ohio soon followed their example. However, with the coming of the War of 1812, the statutes were re-examined. In 1816 the New Hampshire legislature passed a bill subjecting all Shakers and Quakers to the payment of $2 per annum and to the compulsory military service. The Shakers appealed, and after a postponement their hearing came up in 1818. At this hearing they submitted a document setting forth five reasons why they felt they should be exempt from the draft. They were: 1. That they abstained from all politics of the world, posts of honor and trust, and from all commercial speculations from which wars generally came. 2. That they supported their own poor, and contributed to the support of the poor of the town. 3. That they gave donations to the distressed in other locations. 4. That their work on roads and bridges amounted to $3,000 annually. And 5. That their missionaries were supported by the Society and did not seek subscrip­ tions elsewhere.48 They further stated that they had suffered losses from the war, and that no one more readily paid his civil taxes than they. After pleading that a society had just as much right as an in­ dividual to dedicate itself and its property to the service of God, they won their case. In times of war the Believers ,vere always viewed with suspicion by their neighbors, and with the outbreak of the Civil War tensions were even greater. In 1862 a member of the community of North Union, Ohio, was drafted into the Union Army. One of the elders at New Lebanon visited Lincoln and obtained a reprieve for the Shaker draftee, but the problem still remained. Frederick .Evans, a rising young Shaker minister, also conferred with Lincoln about this matter. At the President's suggestion, Evans sent duly certified petitions to the proper officials requesting exemption for all Shakers from the draft. His arguments were persuasive, for exemption for all Shaker l963] 'J.'h11 Shaker l-lArvesl conscientious objectors was granted.40 A Pleasant Hill journalist wrote the following commentary after hearing of the decision: "It is now thoroughly understood at Washington that Shakers are not going to serve in any capacity in the military department. It is also under­ stood that they will not compromise their principles by paying money for substitutes or to commute for exemption from service."'° Llfe was not easy for the Kentucky Shakers even with tht:ir newly won exemption from military duty. They were in the paths of both armies and suffered losses from both sides. Nevertheless, they traded with both armies, giving food to each, sometimes receiving money for their meals, but often only receipts. 51 The Civil War was one of the major causes for the waning of Shakerism in Kentucky. A definite sign of loss of strength came on October 25, 1868, ,vhen the ministries of Pleasant Hill and South Union voted unanimously to merge, forming one bishopric.112 The Elder and Eldress at Pleasant Hill were over the combined society, yet whereas membership was more numerous at Pleasant Hill, strength in proportion to the whole was with South Union.63 There had always been those who found the Shaker life too demand­ ing. It was not uncommon for members to "go to the world," but in the days following the Civil War, these withdrawals seemed to be more numerous. On almost every page of the Ministerial Journal of South Union v1ere recorded the names of those who forsook the society. Many came back to the communities, finding life in the hectic Reconstruction era too difficult and uncertain. Even with the coming of thirty-six Swedes to South Union the population slowly declined. One Andrew Bloomberg, upon accepting the Shaker faith, returned to his native Sweden where he witnessed to his fellow countrymen. On July 12, 1868, he returned to South Union bring­ ing 18 new converts with him. Then followed a company of 36 Swedes who arrived on November 8, 1868.54 The entire 54 were professed Believers, but they proved to be only lukewarm followers of the faith. Many of them left to seek their fortunes elsewhere, only to return. All in all they proved to be a restless lot, typical of the men of that era. A major cause for the decline of Shakerism throughout the country was the large money losses both from mismanagement and by fire. Pleasant Hill lost $10,000 through the carelessness of an aging Trustee, whereas South Union lost over $100,000 because of dishonest bankers and fire.Gli The other societies aided their unfortunate sisters, but the economic tide continued to ebb for the Shakers. Shaker mills - and shops succumbed to the competition produced by their rivals in the commercial world. Manufactured goods were slowly discontinued 56 The Pilson Ci11b llistory Quarterly [Vol. 37 until the Shaker shops ,vere turning out only small items for the tourist trade. The isolationism on which Shaker economy was based was now a thing of the past. There was no longer a frontier, there­ fore the Shaker way of life which was designed for frontier conditions could not £unction as before. New Lebanon undertook the establishment of a new Shaker colony in 1894. The Society purchased 7,000 acres at Marcoosee, Florida, and sent three missionaries to oversee the work. After three years of toil the inhabitants did not exceed seven, and so the community was aban­ doned. Olive Branch, as the new colony was called, was born too late.56 Fires, floods, outside competition, and financial reverses all took their toll. However, the primary cause for the decline of Shakerism was, as we have already noted, loss of members. During the 1870's 5 the entire Shaker population dwindled from 6,000 to 2,500. '1 Women had always outnumbered the men, but now with the dwindling mem­ bership the ratio was even greater. Because of the dosing of their n1il1s and shops, many communities ceased to adopt any but female children for there was no work for the males.58 The Shakers boasted 800 to 900 members in 1903, only to lose all but 250 by 1924.50 There are at present only two societies in existence with a negligible mem­ bership. With the coming of the Twentieth Century Shakerism died in Kentucky. Within the brief span of 100 years the Shakers planted their colonies, watched them cripen into a rich harvest in the warmth of antebellum days, and labored to avert the inevitable doom which followed upon the heels of Civil War. It has already been noted that the Shaker mode of life was based on frontier isolationism. With that atmosphere gone, the only salvation for Shakerism was to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of an industrial society. The Shakers failed to make this adjustment, and their communities perished. At the time of their height they played an important role in the life of Kentucky. With their passing they left a romantic and colorful legacy which even now is a part of the life of Kentucky. Within the past twenty years there has been an ever increasing interest in the restoration of the Shaker community at Pleasant Hill. In 1940 a private corporation in conjunction with the Goodwill In­ dustries began the arduous task of purchasing several of the forn1er Shaker buildings, collecting relics, and reviving such industries as silkworm breeding.60 Ho\vever, the major part of the task of restoration has been taken over by a recently formed group known as Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, Inc. Under its director, Ra~ph McCallister. the group plans a million dollar project to purchase the entire 11 o 1963]· The Shaker Harvest 57 acres compnsmg the old Shaker village, and to restore the twenty buildings located thereon.61 Several of the buildings were opened in the summer of 1961, and in them are displayed Shaker products and the tools with which they were made. Much of the collection of relics belongs to Mr. Burwell 6 K. Marshall, a Louisville attorney. :i Climaxing each season there is a fall festival held in early October. The purpose of the project is to better acquaint the people of Kentucky with this unique sect which was once such a vital part of the life of the state. · Likewise, at Auburn, Kentucky, Mrs. Curry Hill, owner of former Shaker property and relics, opened a Shaker museum in Ma'y, 1960.63 The museum, open during the summer tourist season, is located on the old Shaker maple sugar farm just off the highway running from Bowling Green to Russellville. Kentucky is indeed fortunate in possessing such conscientious men and women who are preserving a part of Kentucky history which was in danger of being lost just a few years ago.

1 Youn85, Benjamin S., Te.rJimo11y of Christ's Second Appearing, United Society Called Shakers, fourth edition, Van Benthuysen, Albany, New York, 1856, p. 1. 'McNemar, Richard, The Kentr"ky Revival, first edition 1807, reprinted by Edward 0. Jenkins, New York, 1846, p. 97, 1 Ibid., p. 80. 4 Youngs, Op. Cit., p. 380. rs Ibid., p. 383. 8 Ibid., p. 384. T Green, Calvin, and Wells, Seth Y., A Summa,y View of The Mi/lenial Chur,h, second edition, C. Van Benthuysen, Albany, New York, 1848, p. 78 ff. · 8 McNemar, Op. Cit., p. 81. 9 ~fekher, Marguerite Fellows, The Shaker Ad11e11t11re, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1941, p. 144. 10 McNemar, Op. Cit., p. 98. 11 Ibid., p. 99. 12 I bid., p. 103. 18 Green and Wells, 0 p. Cit., p. 87. u Ibid., p. 81 ff. 15 Andrews, Edward Deming, The People Called Shakers, Oxford University Press, New York, 1953, p. 80. 19 I bid., p. 83. 11 McNemar, Ofl. Cit., p. 103. 18 Andrews, Ofl. Cit., p. 96. 19 Ibid., p. 89. 20 Neal, Julia, By Thei,. P,11i11, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1947, p. 47. u Ibid., p. 49. n Ibid., p. 47. 28 JOURNAL, kept by a member at Pleasant Hill, 1815-1816, manuscript in the Pilson aub Library, 118 West Breckinridge, Louisville, Ky. 94 Hutton, Daniel Mac-Hir, Old ShaJuwlown and The Shal:ers, Harrodsburg Herald Press, Harrodsburg, Ky., 1936, pp. 31-34. tG Neal, Op. Cit., p. 42. 85 Ibid., p. 143. '° Andrews, Op. Cit., p. 105 ff. 86 Ibid., p. 142. n Hutton, Op. Cit., p. 38 ff. 81 Neal, Op. Cit., p. 107. 28 Andrews, Op. Cit., p. 104. 88 Ibid., p. 106. 'JD Ibid., p. 113. s9 Ibid., p. 116. 80 Neal, 0 p. Cit., p. 49. 40 Andrews, Op. Ci1., p. 152. 81 Andrews, Op. Cit., p. 112. 41 Ibid., p. 154. 82 Neal, 0 p. Cit., p. 93. 42 Ibid., p. 169. 83 I bid., p. 94. 48 Ibid., p. 158. st Andrews, Op. Cit., p. 80 . .. FAMILY JOURNAL, kept by order of the Deaconesses of the East House, Pleasant HiU, Ky., manuscript in the Filson Club Library, Louisville, Ky. 45 Andrews, Op. CiJ., p. 155. 46 FAMILY JOURNAL, East House, Pleasant Hill, Ky. •n Ibid., entry of April 14, 1845. 48 Melcher, 0 p. Cit., p. 171. 49 I bid., p. 172. 00 Ibid., p. 172. 51 Neal. Op. Cit., p, 113. 52 MINISTERIAL.JOURNAL, kept by the Ministry of South Union, Ky., from October 24, 1868 through September 30, 1880, manuscript in the Filson Club Library, Louis­ ville, Ky. r;s Ibid., entry for 1vfay 1, 1869. M Ibid., entry for Noven1ber 8, 1868. 55 Melcher, 0 p. Cit., p. 238. tsa Ibid., p. 239. 57 Ibid., p. 172. 58 Dow, Edward F., Portrait of the Millenial Church of Shakers, University of Maine Studies, second series, No. 19, 1931, p. 39. 59 Ibid., p. 39. 00 Goodman, Cfavia, ''Old Shakertown Revived," in the S11nday Herald Leader, Lexing­ ton, Ky., January 11, 1942, Shaker clipping file, Filson Club Library. dl Thierman, Sue, "Busy Sundays At Shakertown," in Co11rier-/011r11al M4gai#tt, Septem­ ber 17, 1961, Shaker clipping file, Filson Club Library. 62 lbid. 08 Porter, Marion, "Dedication of Shaker Museum Recalls Flourishing Auburn Colony," in Co#fier-Jo11rf!al, May 29, 1960, Shaker clipping file, Filson Club Library.

Numerals in parenthoaes, e.g. (4), generally signify the fourth generation of Mccann blood; and (4m) signifies a spouse marrted to a fourtb•generation MoCann, but not generally of that blood. A child of such marriage would be of Mccann blood, and designated(5).

ADAMS Darryl George (11)•29; George G (l0m)-29; Jemalee John­ Rose Marie (11)-26; Ruth Grace (10)-26; Saphronia(Sophia) ston (llm)..-29; Roma Smith (10)-29. Smitb.(Bm)-12; Stella(9)-21; Steven Ronald(ll)-27; Suanne(U) ANDE~SON Eleanor J{ooh•28; Eugene-28; Jenice Rae (llm):-28. -26; Thomas Richard(ll)-26; Valerie Jo (11)-27; Valora Meek BAKER Abigail Batea (7)-7; Josiah... 7. BARTLING Carl John-29; (9m)-30; Walter C (8)-9, 10, 23, 24, 27; Walter Emmett(9)-15, Olarissia Deaver... 29; Nola Evelyn (lOm) ... 29. ~A 'l;'E Agnes ( Fm) 18, 21, 22; Walter J Sr (9)-28; Walter J Jr (10)-29; Walter J BATE Agnes (Fm.)•2; Andrew(C) and bia 6 children-2; Henry(F) ill(ll)-29; Walter Wesley(l0)-26; JVilliam R(a)-10, 12. and hie 4 ohildren•2; James (A) and his 13 ohildren-1; John BEAUCHAINE Alphonse (l0m)-14; Elizabeth Mildred (10)-14. (B) and his 4 chlldren•l; John(D) and. bis 2 children-2; John BEAVERS Donna Lou(ll)-30; Marlyn Jay(l0m). BENNETT (G) and his son lfenry•2; Mary Bennett(Bm)-lJ Mary Martine Mary(Bm)-1. BERKEY David Austin-28; LouisaPhillippi-28; (Am) ... 1; Mildred Ward (Bm)-1; Thomas (E) and bis 2 children- Olive (9m)-28. BISHOP Judith Booth-24; Margaret Jane-24. 2; wnuam ... 2. . BOOTH Annie Elizabeth-13; David-24; Frances (10)-25; Helen BA TES 9efo:r~ §