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The Ascalaphidae of the Afrotropical Region (Neurop Tera)

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The Ascalaphidae of the Afrotropical Region (Neurop Tera) The Ascalaphidae of the Afrotropical Region (Neuroptera) 1. External morphology and bionomics of the family Ascalaphidae, and taxonomy of the subfamily Haplogleniinae including the tribes Proctolyrini n. tribe, Melambrotini n. tribe, Campylophlebini n. tribe, Tmesibasini n. tribe, Allocormodini n. tribe, and Ululomyiini n. tribe of Ascalaphinae Contents Tjeder, B. T: The Ascalaphidae of the Afrotropical Region (Neuroptera). 1. External morphology and bionomics of the family Ascalaphidae, and taxonomy of the subfamily Haplogleniinae including the tribes Proctolyrini n. tribe, Melambro- tinin. tribe, Campylophlebinin. tribe, Tmesibasini n. tribe, Allocormodini n. tribe, and Ululomyiini n. tribe of Ascalaphinae ............................................................................. 3 Tjeder, B t &Hansson,Ch.: The Ascalaphidaeof the Afrotropical Region (Neuroptera). 2. Revision of the hibe Ascalaphini (subfam. Ascalaphinae) excluding the genus Ascalaphus Fabricius ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 1 Contents Proctolyrini n. tribe ................................... .. .................60 Proctolyra n . gen .............................................................61 Introduction .........................................................................7 Key to species .............................................................62 Family Ascalaphidae Lefebvre ......................... ..... .. ..... 8 Proctolyra hessei n . sp.......................................... 63 Fossils .............................. .......... ...................................8 Proctolyra brincki n. sp......................................... 64 Previous work on Afrotropical Ascalaphidae ...............8 Proctolyra varii n . sp............................................. 69 Proctolyraavolineata n. sp 71 Actual census ................................................................9 ................................ Material .........................................................................9 Proctolyra damarensis n . sp.................................. 72 Acknowledgements 12 Proctolyra pinheyi n . sp........................................ 73 ............................ .................... Melambrotini n tribe 76 External morphology of imago ............................. ........13 . ........................................................ Size .......................................................................... 13 Key to genera ..............................................................76 Head .......................................................................13 Melambrotus McLachlan. 1871 ........................................77 Thorax ..................................................................19 Key to species .............................................................78 Legs ............................................................................21 Melambrotus simia McLachlan .............................78 Wings .......................... .........................................22 Melambrotus papio n . sp....................................... 80 Abdomen ...................... ..... .............. ............................25 Melambrotuspseudosimia Kimmins n.sp. ............84 Male .....................................................................25 Melambrotus zulu n . sp......................................... 88 Female ...................................... Paramelambrotus n . gen ...................................................92 Notes .........................................................................30 Paramelambrotus whiteheadi n. sp....................... 94 Pleuritocavae ...............................................................30 Mansellia n. gen ............................... ..........................96 Bionomics of the imagines ...............................................30 Mansellia annulata n . sp....................................... 97 Die1 activity and resting postures ................................30 Protmesibasis Weele ............................. ......................100 Key to species 101 Flight ...........................................................................33 ........................ ......................... Feeding and food .........................................................34 Protmesibasis yerburyi Weele ............................101 Courtship and mating ..................................................35 Protmesibasis devexa n . sp.................................. 103 Attraction to artificial light ................................ ...... 35 Protmesibasis obscura n . sp................................ 107 Temtorial behaviour ...................................................35 Protmesibasis laeta n. sp.................................... 108 Startling or signalling behaviour .............................. 36 Amoeridops Karsch .........................................................110 Amoeridops augur Karsch 111 Stridulation ................................................................37 ................................... Paramoeridops n.gen. 114 Predators ......................... .......................................37 ................................................... Similarities to Odonata .......................... ...............37 Paramoeridops navasi (Weele) ...........................115 .... Apamoeridops n.gen. 119 Preimaginal stages 38 ............................. ...................... ............................................................ Key to species 120 Eggs .............................................................................38 ........................ ............................ Repagula ......................................................................39 Apamoeridops grandidieri (Weele) .....................120 Larvae ........................................................................ 40 Apamoeridops radiatus (Fraser) ..........................123 Previous works on Afrotropical larvae ..................40 Balanopteryx Karsch ......................................................123 Balanopteryx locuples Karsch 126 Material .................................................................43 ............................. External morphology .............................................43 Cormodophlebia Weele ..................................................129 Cormodophlebia pulchra Weele 131 Head .................................................................43 ......................... Neocampylophlebia Weele 133 Thorax .... ........................ 44 ........................................... ....................... Neocampylophlebia sparsa Weele 133 Legs ...................... .....................................44 ...................... Abdomen ................................. ...... 2 Neomelambrotus Weele ..................................................136 Chaetotaxy 5 1 Key to species ...................... .. .............................138 ........................................................ Neomelambrotus aurivilliusi Weele 138 Descriptions of the African larvae examined ........52 .................... Bionomics of larvae ...............................................55 Neomelambrotus striatus n . sp............................ 141 Neomelambrotus namaquensis n sp 144 Habitat ..............................................................55 . ................... Neomelambrotus densinervis n sp...................... 146 Camouflage .................................................... 55 . Feeding habits and prey ..................... 55 Neomelambrotus contumax n . sp......................... 148 .. .......... Neomelambrotus molestus n sp 149 Dangerous prey 56 . .......................... ...................... ...................... Neomelambrotus cristatus Kimmins. n sp 152 Pmbtors .........................................................56 . ........ Duration of larval instars and hibernation .............56 Campylophlebiini n . tribe ......................................... 157 Cocoon ......................................................... 56 Campylophlebia McLachlan. 1891 ........................... 157 Pupa ................................................................57 Campylophlebia magnifica McLachlan .............. 160 Distribution ......................................................................58 Appendix .....................................................................164 Systematics ......................................................................59 Subfamily Haplogleniinae Newman ...............................165 Key to subfamilies ......................................................59 Tmesibasini n . tribe ............................. .................. 165 Subfam. Haplogleniinae Newman ................................. 59 Allocormodini n. tribe ...............................................165 Key to Afrotropical tribes . ........................................Subfamily Ascalaphinae Lefebvre ..................................165 Ululomyiini n. hibe ................................................165 Acmonotini Weele ....................................................165 Ululomyia n. gen .................................................165 Undescribed genera 6-9 .................................................165 Undescribed genera 1-5 .............................................. 165 Ascalaphini Lefebm ............................................... 165 Encyoposini Weele ...............................................
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