Citrus Guide

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CITRUS GUIDE Meyer Lemon Eureka Lemon Variegated Eureka Lemon Seedless Lemon Santa Teresa Lemon Popular in recipes. Juicy with thin skin Common market lemon. Very juicy with Variegated leaves and yellow, streaked The hassle-free lemon. Bright yellow rind Native to Italy. Medium-thick yellow rinds and few seeds. Medium size fruit. thick skin and few seeds. fruit with pink flesh. Very juicy. with tart, juicy flesh. with very juicy, acidic flesh. Everbearing Everbearing Semi-Everbearing Fruit ripens: Late Fall-Spring Everbearing Lisbon Lemon Bearss Lime Mexican Lime Australian Finger Lime Kaffir Lime Most common California lemon. Medium Larger, lemon-sized lime. Seedless fruit The Bartender’s lime. Small, round and Also called Citrus Caviar. Fruit contains Fruit used in curries; pungent leaves thick rind, pale flesh and few to no seeds. with a sweet-tart flavor. highly acidic. Thornless variety also avail. vesicles bursting with lemon-lime flavor. used in Asian cuisine. Yellow when ripe. Everbearing Everbearing Semi-Everbearing Semi-Everbearing Fruit ripens: Late Fall-Winter Chandler Pummelo Indio Mandarinquat Minneola Tangelo Fingered Citron Buddhas’ Hand Calamondin Pink flesh; thick rind with bitter membranes. Larger than kumquat. Bell shaped fruit has Red-orange, thin, easy peel rind. Sweet- Fingerlike sections consist of rind only. Small, round, acidic fruit. Great for Fruit usually segmented for eating. sweet-sour flavor; can be eaten whole. tart, juicy flesh with few seeds. Used for zest or candied rind. chutneys and marmalade. Cold hardy. Fruit ripens: Late Spring-Summer Fruit ripens: Winter-Spring Fruit ripens: Winter-Spring Fruit ripens: Late Fall-Winter Fruit ripens: Winter-Summer Cocktail Grapefruit Oro Blanco Grapefruit Star Ruby Grapefruit Nagami Kumquat Meiwa Kumquat Large fruit with thin yellow rind. Flesh is Most popular white grapefruit. Thick rind Rose-blushed rind when ripe. Darker flesh Clusters of small oval fruit with sweet- Good for sweet or savory dishes. Small, round, yellow-orange and very juicy. and sweet, juicy flesh. than other red varieties; sweet-tart taste. tart flavor; can be eaten whole. entirely edible fruit with sweet-tart flavor. Fruit ripens: Winter-Summer Fruit ripens: Winter-Spring Fruit ripens: Late Winter-Fall Fruit ripens: Fall-Spring Fruit ripens: Winter-Spring.

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Cultivar and Rootstock Research for the Arizona Citrus Industry
Supporting the University of Arizona Citrus Variety Collection 20171 Glenn C. Wright2 2School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Yuma Agriculture Center, Yuma, AZ Introduction The 8-acre citrus variety collection at the Yuma Agriculture Center is the most comprehensive collection of citrus within Arizona, containing about 110 selections. The collection was propagated in 1993 and is found in Block 17. The collection has value because it serves as a resource for research, teaching and extension. From 1993 until 2008, data was taken from the lemon selections within the collection. We use fruit, leaves and flowers from the collection to teach students of the Citrus and Date palm production course that I teach through UA-Yuma. A part of one laboratory session takes place within the collection. We also use the collection to teach Master Gardeners, and the we lead tours through the collection for Master Gardeners and other interested parties. We use fruit from the collection for displays and tasting for community events. Now, the trees are aging, and we are in the process of re-propagating the collection into a 3-acre parcel in Block 18 at the Center, but the task is not yet finished. Some of those new trees are planted in the new blocks while others are growing in a field nursery and others have yet to be budded. About one acre of the new collection is in the ground. Few of the new trees have fruit. The University has borne the cost of maintaining the collection for the past 23 years, but those costs can no longer be absorbed.
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Reaction of Tangerines Genotypes to Elsinoe Fawcettiiunder
Reaction of tangerines genotypes to Elsinoe fawcettii under natural infection conditions Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 77-81, 2011 Brazilian Society of Plant Breeding. Printed in Brazil Reaction of tangerines genotypes to Elsinoe fawcettii under natural infection conditions Marcelo Claro de Souza1*, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi2 and Antonio de Goes3 Received 11 February 2010 Accepted 30 September 2010 ABSTRACT - A citrus scab disease, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, is currently found in all citrus areas throughout Brazil. That being, given the importance of this casual agent, the behavior of tangerines and hybrids influenced by this pathogen was evaluated under natural infection conditions. This study was performed with plants around 15 years old without irrigation; 100 fruits of three plants were collected during harvest season, using a grade scale varying from 0 (absence of symptoms) to 6 (severe symptoms) the level of disease severity was determined. Among the cultivars, citrus scab resistance was observed in Citrus deliciosa, C. tangerina, C. nobilis; a mandarin hybrid (C. nobilis x C. deliciosa) and a satsuma hybrid (C. unshiu x C. sinensis). Among the other genotypes, symptoms were observed with levels of severity ranging from 1 to 3, indicating moderate resistance. Key words: Citrus scab, citrus crop, resistant varieties. INTRODUCTION In Brazil, E. fawcettii is responsible for citrus scab. The disease is widespread in many humid, citrus-cultivating In many citrus production areas around the world, areas around the world and decreases fruit values on the Elsinoe fawcettii is one of the main fungi diseases found. fresh-fruit market (Feichtenberger et al. 1986). In young It attacks a wide variety of citrus species and cultivars, plants or under severe infection, it may cause significant resulting in scab disease on leaves, twigs, and fruits (Timmer fruit drop.
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Canker and Greening – Lessons from South America by Bob Rouse and Fritz Roka
Citrus Expo follow-up Canker and greening – lessons from South America By Bob Rouse and Fritz Roka he 2006 Citrus Expo featured citrus managers from Cecil Taylor described citrus production in the northeast Brazil and Argentina who spoke about their manage - region of Argentina where producers grow common oranges, ment programs to control citrus canker and citrus mandarins and grapefruit. Tgreening diseases. The strategies they described Argentina was devastated by tristeza in the 1940s and in have been successful and hopefully transferable to citrus the 1960s began to see canker. Initial control efforts included production in Florida. eradication, tree defoliation and spraying enough copper that The Florida canker eradication program was abandoned in trees turned blue. These efforts proved fruitless, and growers the spring of 2006 after the USDA predicted that canker demanded an end to any eradication policy. would spread by 100,000 acres before the end of the year. During these early years, windbreaks were not part of any Currently, most of the canker is south of Polk County’s State perceived solution. By the end of the 1980s, they began to re - Road 60. Since the eradication program ended, there have alize, however, that the key to canker control lies in slowing been about 100 new finds monthly. down the wind, even though they did not experience strong Grower self-inspections have accounted for 40 percent of winds. They started with low-growing plants like sugarcane, the new finds. DPI inspectors have identified the remaining maze and sunflower. By the 1990s, they saw the need for 60 percent of new canker finds.
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Kaffir Lime and Lemon Cordial Recipe : SBS Food
8/14/2019 Kaffir lime and lemon cordial recipe : SBS Food SBS World Movies Voices Indigenous Untold Australia The Handmaid's Tale FOOD sbs.com.au/food AUSTRALIAN Kaffir lime and lemon cordial 0 This recipe makes plenty, because you’ll want to have it as your drink of choice for a fortnight – it keeps well in the fridge for at least a couple of weeks. I really like the fine texture of the zest, but you can sieve it out if you feel it gets in the way when you drink it. Makes Preparation min10 Skill level Easy Ingredients 4 lemons, scrubbed, zested, juiced, squeezed halves reserved 4 kaffir lime leaves 3 cm-piece ginger, bruised with the back of a knife 700 g caster sugar 50 g tartaric acid ice cubes, to serve Cook's notes Oven temperatures are for conventional; if using fan-forced (convection), reduce the temperature by 20˚C. | We use Australian tablespoons and cups: 1 teaspoon equals 5 ml; 1 tablespoon equals 20 ml; 1 cup equals 250 ml. | All herbs are fresh (unless specified) and cups are lightly packed. | All vegetables are medium size and peeled, unless specified. | All eggs are 55-60 g, unless specified. https://www.sbs.com.au/food/recipes/kaffir-lime-and-lemon-cordial 1/2 8/14/2019 Kaffir lime and lemon cordial recipe : SBS Food Instructions Makes 1.2 L cordial for about 12 L prepared drink Cooling time 15 minutes Infusing time overnight Place lemon zest, juice and squeezed halves, lime leaves, ginger and caster sugar in a large heatproof bowl.
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Bright Citron™ Soak
Product Profile BRIGHT CITRON™ SOAK WHAT IT IS An aromatic and refreshing sea salt soak for cleansing skin. WHAT IT DOES Softens and cleanses skin. WHY YOU NEED IT • Provides the first step to cleanse impurities and soften skin for a luxurious manicure or pedicure experience. • Gently cleanses without drying skin. FRAGRANCE FEATURED Pink Grapefruit and Warm Amber. FRAGRANCE PROFILE • Bright citrus top notes. • Soft floral mid notes. CREATIVE SUGGESTIONS • Light woody base notes. • Create a fragrant ceremonial experience by placing the Soak into warm water directly prior to ACTIVE BOTANICALS immersing hands or feet. Kaffir Lime (Citrus Hystrix Leaf Extract): • Add lime or grapefruit slices to enhance the Is known to purify skin and promote radiance. experience. • Use as a foot soak prior to all salon services. Honey: • Excellent retail product for home use in bath tubs. Is known to hydrate skin and help retain moisture. INGREDIENT LISTING FEATURED INGREDIENTS & BENEFITS Maris Sal ((Sea Salt) Sel Marin), Sodium Sesquicarbonate, Sea Salt: Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Honey, Citrus Hystrix Leaf Natural salt used for its therapeutic properties. Extract, Aqua ((Water) Eau), Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Salts increase the flow of water in and out of Hydrated Silica, Parfum (Fragrance), Limonene, Linalool, cells, in essence flushing and cleansing the cells. Hexyl Cinnamal, Citral. This facilitates the absorption of other ingredients into the cells. AVAILABLE SIZES • Retail/Professional: 410 g (14.4 oz) Argan Oil (Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil): • Professional: 3.3 kg (118.8 oz) Is known to nourish dry skin. DIRECTIONS FOR USE • For feet, add a teaspoon to footbath and agitate water to dissolve.
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Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid
Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina Liberibacter citri Plant Name asiaticus Citrus Huanglongbing Psyllid Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.: bael, Bengal quince, golden apple, bela, milva X Aeglopsis chevalieri Swingle: Chevalier’s aeglopsis X X Afraegle gabonensis (Swingle) Engl.: Gabon powder-flask X Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl.: Nigerian powder- flask X Atalantia missionis (Wall. ex Wight) Oliv.: see Pamburus missionis X X Atalantia monophylla (L.) Corr.: Indian atalantia X Balsamocitrus dawei Stapf: Uganda powder- flask X X Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle: Malay ghost-lime X Calodendrum capense Thunb.: Cape chestnut X × Citroncirus webberi J. Ingram & H. E. Moore: citrange X Citropsis gilletiana Swingle & M. Kellerman: Gillet’s cherry-orange X Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swingle & Kellerm.: African cherry- orange X Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse: djerook leemo, djeruk-limau X Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle: lime, Key lime, Persian lime, lima, limón agrio, limón ceutí, lima mejicana, limero X X Citrus aurantium L.: sour orange, Seville orange, bigarde, marmalade orange, naranja agria, naranja amarga X Citrus depressa Hayata: shiikuwasha, shekwasha, sequasse X Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck: see Citrus maxima X Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka: hassaku orange X Citrus hystrix DC.: Mauritius papeda, Kaffir lime X X Citrus ichangensis Swingle: Ichang papeda X Citrus jambhiri Lushington: rough lemon, jambhiri-orange, limón rugoso, rugoso X X Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka: xiang
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Comparison of Vitamin C Content in Citrus Fruits by Titration and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Methods
International Food Research Journal 24(2): 726-733 (April 2017) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Comparison of vitamin C content in citrus fruits by titration and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods 1Fatin Najwa, R. and 1,2*Azrina, A. 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Article history Abstract Received: 29 June 2015 Vitamin C is one of the essential vitamins for human and animal. Many methods were Received in revised form: developed for the determination of vitamin C such as spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, 23 March 2016 titration, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study aims to compare Accepted: 4 April 2016 vitamin C content of citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime, kaffir lime and musk lime) using indophenol titration and HPLC-PDA methods. In the titration method, orange has the highest vitamin C content (58.30 mg/100g) followed by grapefruit (49.15 mg/100g), lemon Keywords (43.96 mg/100g), kaffir lime (37.24 mg/100g), lime (27.78 mg/100g) and musk lime (18.62 Vitamin C mg/100g). While, in the HPLC method orange also leads with the highest vitamin C content Ascorbic acid (43.61 mg/100g) followed by lemon (31.33 mg/100g), grapefruit (26.40 mg/100g), lime (22.36 Citrus fruits mg/100g), kaffir lime (21.58 mg/100g) and musk lime (16.78 mg/100g).
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Meyer Lemon Concentrate.Indd
Meyer Lemon Concentrate Fresh Meyer Lemon is less acidic than the more common Eureka lemon. Its distinctive and complex citrus fl avor has hints of sweet lime, lemon and mandarin orange. Our Meyer Lemon Concentrate captures the fruit’s unique fl avor characteristics and perfumy aroma, with no added sugar or artifi cial Product Speciﬁ cs ingredients. Ingredient List: Filtered water, Meyer lemon juice concentrate and natural lemon fl avor Meyer Lemon Pack Size: 6/30 oz. wide mouthed HDPE jars per case. Each jar attaches to a standard bar pour spout. Serving Size: 1 oz.. (28g) Servings per Container: 30 Brix: 18 - 20 Kosher: Amount Per Serving %Daily Value* Conversion: 1- 30 oz. = 0.85 kg Net Wt. Calories 20 1- 6/30 oz. case = 5.1 kg Net Wt. Total Fat 0g 0% Approx. fl . oz. per jar = 26 fl . oz. Sodium 0mg 0% Handling: Keep frozen. Product good for 7-10 days Total Carbohydrate 5g 2% thawed and refrigerated at 40° F and up to 24 months Sugars 1g frozen from manufactured date. Protein 0g Complimentary Flavors: Blueberry, white chocolate, Vitamin C 15% honey, almond Not a signifi cant source of calories from fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, dietary fi ber, vitamin A, cal- Flavor Alternatives: Other high acid fruits like cium and iron. Passion Fruit Concentrate, Key Lime Concentrate and *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Blood Orange Concentrate Dilution Information Meyer Lemon Concentrate is stronger than straight Meyer lemon juice. Although it is mouth-puckering to taste, once blended with other ingredients it will not overpower a recipe and will remain true to the fl avor of fresh fruit.
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Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 1
Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Lecture 32 Citrus Citrus: Citrus spp., Rutaceae Citrus are subtropical, evergreen plants originating in southeast Asia and the Malay archipelago but the precise origins are obscure. There are about 1600 species in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The tribe Citreae has 13 genera, most of which are graft and cross compatible with the genus Citrus. There are some tropical species (pomelo). All Citrus combined are the most important fruit crop next to grape. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 The common features are a superior ovary on a raised disc, transparent (pellucid) dots on leaves, and the presence of aromatic oils in leaves and fruits. Citrus has increased in importance in the United States with the development of frozen concentrate which is much superior to canned citrus juice. Per-capita consumption in the US is extremely high. Citrus mitis (calamondin), a miniature orange, is widely grown as an ornamental house pot plant. History Citrus is first mentioned in Chinese literature in 2200 BCE. First citrus in Europe seems to have been the citron, a fruit which has religious significance in Jewish festivals. Mentioned in 310 BCE by Theophrastus. Lemons and limes and sour orange may have been mutations of the citron. The Romans grew sour orange and lemons in 50–100 CE; the first mention of sweet orange in Europe was made in 1400. Columbus brought citrus on his second voyage in 1493 and the first plantation started in Haiti. In 1565 the first citrus was brought to the US in Saint Augustine. 2 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Taxonomy Citrus classification based on morphology of mature fruit (e.g.
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Canker Resistance: Lesson from Kumquat by Naveen Kumar, Bob Ebel the Development of Asiatic Citrus Throughout Their Evolution, Plants and P.D
Canker resistance: lesson from kumquat By Naveen Kumar, Bob Ebel The development of Asiatic citrus Throughout their evolution, plants and P.D. Roberts canker in kumquat leaves produced have developed many defense mecha- anthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) localized yellowing (5 DAI) or necro- nisms against pathogens. One of the is the causal agent of one of sis (9-12 DAI) that was restricted to most characteristic features associated the most serious citrus diseases the actual site of inoculation 7-12 DAI with disease resistance against entry X (Fig. 2). of a pathogen is the production of worldwide, Asiatic citrus canker. In the United States, Florida experienced In contrast, grapefruit epidermis hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydrogen three major outbreaks of Asiatic citrus became raised (5 DAI), spongy (5 peroxide is toxic to both plant and canker in 1910, 1984 and 1995, and it DAI) and ruptured from 7 to 8 DAI. pathogen and thus restricts the spread is a constant threat to the $9 billion On 12 DAI, the epidermis of grape- by directly killing the pathogen and citrus industry. fruit was thickened, corky, and turned the infected plant tissue. Hydrogen Citrus genotypes can be classified brown on the upper side of the leaves. peroxide concentrations in Xcc-in- into four broad classes based on sus- Disease development and popula- fected kumquat and grapefruit leaves ceptibility to canker. First, the highly- tion dynamics studies have shown that were different. Kumquat produces susceptible commercial genotypes are kumquat demonstrated both disease more than three times the amount of Key lime, grapefruit and sweet lime.
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Citrus Problems – Sprouting Rootstock
CITRUS PROBLEMS – SPROUTING ROOTSTOCK The citrus trees you purchase at the nursery have all been grafted. That is, a desirable, named citrus variety, such as Owari satsuma or Meyer lemon, is grafted onto a rootstock that is a completely different type of citrus. Trifoliata orange (also called sour orange) is often used as the rootstock. The point where the graft was made (called the graft union) will generally appear as a swollen point or crook in the lower part of a trunk. When you purchase a young citrus tree, look for and find the graft union. Everything above the graft union is the desirable citrus tree – the satsuma, lemon, kumquat, orange or grapefruit – called the scion. Everything below the graft union is something else entirely – either trifoliata orange (Poncirus trifoliata Rubidoux) or Swingle citrumello – called the rootstock. The purpose of the rootstock is to provide a strong, vigorous root system that will produce a robust growing, productive tree. The advantage of the trifoliata root stock is that is also imparts increased cold hardiness to the upper part of the tree Once you have located the graft union on the trunk, you must never allow any shoots to sprout and grow from below the graft union. These shoots are called “suckers.” If you let these vigorous suckers grow, you are allowing something that is not your desirable citrus variety to grow. When a citrus tree produces atypical fruit, it generally means the rootstock has been allowed to sprout and grow. The trifoliata rootstock produces poor quality, seedy, sour, round yellow fruit.
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Citrus from Seed?
Which citrus fruits will come true to type Orogrande, Tomatera, Fina, Nour, Hernandina, Clementard.) from seed? Ellendale Tom McClendon writes in Hardy Citrus Encore for the South East: Fortune Fremont (50% monoembryonic) “Most common citrus such as oranges, Temple grapefruit, lemons and most mandarins Ugli Umatilla are polyembryonic and will come true to Wilking type. Because most citrus have this trait, Highly polyembryonic citrus types : will mostly hybridization can be very difficult to produce nucellar polyembryonic seeds that will grow true to type. achieve…. This unique characteristic Citrus × aurantiifolia Mexican lime (Key lime, West allows amateurs to grow citrus from seed, Indian lime) something you can’t do with, say, Citrus × insitorum (×Citroncirus webberii) Citranges, such as Rusk, Troyer etc. apples.” [12*] Citrus × jambhiri ‘Rough lemon’, ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Otaheite’ lime Monoembryonic (don’t come true) Citrus × limettioides Palestine lime (Indian sweet lime) Citrus × microcarpa ‘Calamondin’ Meyer Lemon Citrus × paradisi Grapefruit (Marsh, Star Ruby, Nagami Kumquat Redblush, Chironja, Smooth Flat Seville) Marumi Kumquat Citrus × sinensis Sweet oranges (Blonde, navel and Pummelos blood oranges) Temple Tangor Citrus amblycarpa 'Nasnaran' mandarin Clementine Mandarin Citrus depressa ‘Shekwasha’ mandarin Citrus karna ‘Karna’, ‘Khatta’ Poncirus Trifoliata Citrus kinokuni ‘Kishu mandarin’ Citrus lycopersicaeformis ‘Kokni’ or ‘Monkey mandarin’ Polyembryonic (come true) Citrus macrophylla ‘Alemow’ Most Oranges Citrus reshni ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin Changshou Kumquat Citrus sunki (Citrus reticulata var. austera) Sour mandarin Meiwa Kumquat (mostly polyembryonic) Citrus trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata) Trifoliate orange Most Satsumas and Tangerines The following mandarin varieties are polyembryonic: Most Lemons Dancy Most Limes Emperor Grapefruits Empress Tangelos Fairchild Kinnow Highly monoembryonic citrus types: Mediterranean (Avana, Tardivo di Ciaculli) Will produce zygotic monoembryonic seeds that will not Naartje come true to type.
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