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Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovskii and His Influence on the Soviet Avant-Gavde
87T" ACSA ANNUAL MEETING 125 Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovskii and His Influence on the Soviet Avant-Gavde ELIZABETH C. ENGLISH University of Pennsylvania THE CONTEXT OF THE DEBATES BETWEEN Gogol and Nikolai Nadezhdin looked for ways for architecture to THE WESTERNIZERS AND THE SLAVOPHILES achieve unity out of diverse elements, such that it expressed the character of the nation and the spirit of its people (nnrodnost'). In the teaching of Modernism in architecture schools in the West, the Theories of art became inseparably linked to the hotly-debated historical canon has tended to ignore the influence ofprerevolutionary socio-political issues of nationalism, ethnicity and class in Russia. Russian culture on Soviet avant-garde architecture in favor of a "The history of any nation's architecture is tied in the closest manner heroic-reductionist perspective which attributes Russian theories to to the history of their own philosophy," wrote Mikhail Bykovskii, the reworking of western European precedents. In their written and Nikolai Dmitriev propounded Russia's equivalent of Laugier's manifestos, didn't the avantgarde artists and architects acknowledge primitive hut theory based on the izba, the Russian peasant's log hut. the influence of Italian Futurism and French Cubism? Imbued with Such writers as Apollinari Krasovskii, Pave1 Salmanovich and "revolutionary" fervor, hadn't they publicly rejected both the bour- Nikolai Sultanov called for "the transformation. of the useful into geois values of their predecessors and their own bourgeois pasts? the beautiful" in ways which could serve as a vehicle for social Until recently, such writings have beenacceptedlargelyat face value progress as well as satisfy a society's "spiritual requirements".' by Western architectural historians and theorists. -
1 Dataset Illustration
1 Dataset Illustration The images are crawled from Wikimedia. Here we summary the names, index- ing pages and typical images for the 66-class architectural style dataset. Table 1: Summarization of the architectural style dataset. Url stands for the indexing page on Wikimedia. Name Typical images Achaemenid architecture American Foursquare architecture American craftsman style Ancient Egyptian architecture Art Deco architecture Art Nouveau architecture Baroque architecture Bauhaus architecture 1 Name Typical images Beaux-Arts architecture Byzantine architecture Chicago school architecture Colonial architecture Deconstructivism Edwardian architecture Georgian architecture Gothic architecture Greek Revival architecture International style Novelty 2 architecture Name Typical images Palladian architecture Postmodern architecture Queen Anne architecture Romanesque architecture Russian Revival architecture Tudor Revival architecture 2 Task Description 1. 10-class dataset. The ten datasets used in the classification tasks are American craftsman style, Baroque architecture, Chicago school architecture, Colonial architecture, Georgian architecture, Gothic architecture, Greek Revival architecture, Queen Anne architecture, Romanesque architecture and Russian Revival architecture. These styles have lower intra-class vari- ance and the images are mainly captured in frontal view. 2. 25-class dataset. Except for the ten datasets listed above, the other fifteen styles are Achaemenid architecture, American Foursquare architecture, Ancient Egyptian architecture, -
National Historic Landmark Nomination Old San Juan
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SAN JUAN HISTORIC DISTRICT/DISTRITO HISTÓRICO DEL VIEJO SAN JUAN Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Old San Juan Historic District/Distrito Histórico del Viejo San Juan Other Name/Site Number: Ciudad del Puerto Rico; San Juan de Puerto Rico; Viejo San Juan; Old San Juan; Ciudad Capital; Zona Histórica de San Juan; Casco Histórico de San Juan; Antiguo San Juan; San Juan Historic Zone 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Western corner of San Juan Islet. Roughly bounded by Not for publication: Calle de Norzagaray, Avenidas Muñoz Rivera and Ponce de León, Paseo de Covadonga and Calles J. A. Corretejer, Nilita Vientos Gastón, Recinto Sur, Calle de la Tanca and del Comercio. City/Town: San Juan Vicinity: State: Puerto Rico County: San Juan Code: 127 Zip Code: 00901 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): ___ Public-Local: X District: _X_ Public-State: X_ Site: ___ Public-Federal: _X_ Structure: ___ Object: ___ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 699 128 buildings 16 6 sites 39 0 structures 7 19 objects 798 119 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 772 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form ((Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SAN JUAN HISTORIC DISTRICT/DISTRITO HISTÓRICO DEL VIEJO SAN JUAN Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Plaaces Registration Form 4. -
Three Periods of English Architecture
MBMTRAND SMITHS BOOK STORE M# PACIFIC A VENUS LONG BEACH. CALTP. THREE PERIODS OF <$> ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. IMPORTED BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK. THREE PERIODS^ OF ENGLISH ARC HITECTURE BY THOMAS HARRIS F R I B A- FSANI«$> B-T-BATSFORDf LONDON f 1 894 CHISWICK PRESS : —CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. PREFACE. the following pages much is advanced which may- INjustify the charge of lack of novelty. It is, however, the author's intention to be little more than " a gatherer and disposer of other men's stuff," his object being to advance the cause of architectural progress, not so much by enunciating his own views, as by showing how much has been said on the subject by others. This will explain the apparent abruptness of some of the quotations, they being, for the most part, introduced with little attempt at constructive arrangement, where they appeared to best elucidate the text, or to lend the authority of some well- known name to the proposition under consideration ; but they will be found to form a kind of thought mosaic, each one either helping to strengthen, or in some cases to tone down, the others with which it is connected. The progress herein alluded to has found many advo- cates at the Royal Institute of British Architects, and names of the highest repute are associated with it. Archi- tectural publications, both here and in America, have frequently given expression to the longing for relief from the bondage to which the profession has been so long subject, and from the delusions which have militated against the clear apprehension of the destiny of their art. -
Neoclassical Architecture 1 Neoclassical Architecture
Neoclassical architecture 1 Neoclassical architecture Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque. In its purest form it is a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and the architecture of Italian Andrea Palladio. The Cathedral of Vilnius (1783), by Laurynas Gucevičius Origins Siegfried Giedion, whose first book (1922) had the suggestive title Late Baroque and Romantic Classicism, asserted later[1] "The Louis XVI style formed in shape and structure the end of late baroque tendencies, with classicism serving as its framework." In the sense that neoclassicism in architecture is evocative and picturesque, a recreation of a distant, lost world, it is, as Giedion suggests, framed within the Romantic sensibility. Intellectually Neoclassicism was symptomatic of a desire to return to the perceived "purity" of the arts of Rome, the more vague perception ("ideal") of Ancient Greek arts and, to a lesser extent, sixteenth-century Renaissance Classicism, the source for academic Late Baroque. Many neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. There are links between Boullée's ideas and Edmund Burke's conception of the sublime. Pulteney Bridge, Bath, England, by Robert Adam Ledoux addressed the concept of architectural character, maintaining that a building should immediately communicate its function to the viewer. -
HAMMOND-HARWOOD HOUSE ARCHITECTURAL TOUR Prepared by Sarah Benson March 2008
HAMMOND-HARWOOD HOUSE ARCHITECTURAL TOUR Prepared by Sarah Benson March 2008 Major themes: their interests. Don’t be intimidated if * materials and methods of house building visitors know more about colonial * the status of the architect in colonial architecture than you do or if they are America themselves architects. Invite them to * the forms and meanings of Anglo- bring their expertise to bear on the tour. Palladian architecture in America and the power of the classical tradition Order of the tour: Gallery The tour materials include: EXTERIOR Narrative script p. 2 Maryland Avenue façade Outline version p. 30 Garden façade Important characters p. 37 SERVICE AREAS Glossary p. 37 Basement Bibliography p. 39 Kitchen FIRST FLOOR The narrative script will give you a full Best Bedchamber background for the tour, while the outline Study emphasizes the key points. Draw on the Passage narrative and your own experiences in Dining Room leading tours of the house to flesh out the Parlour outline. A bibliography directs you to Stair Passage further reading if there are topics you SECOND FLOOR wish to explore in greater depth. Stair Passage Study Chamber Your audience is likely to include people Upper Passage with a range of knowledge about colonial Northeast Chamber architecture. Visitors may or may not Gaming Room have heard of Andrea Palladio and may or Ballroom / Withdrawing Room may not have visited other colonial houses in the region. Draw them out to discover NARRATIVE SCRIPT INTRODUCTION GALLERY The house was begun in 1774 for MATTHIAS HAMMOND, a wealthy planter who also served in the Maryland state legislature. -
18Th Century: Archaeological Discoveries and the Emergence of Historicism
18th Century: Archaeological discoveries and the emergence of historicism Rediscovery of the Temple of Isis at Pompeii (1765) Pietro Fabris -During the 18th century, Rome was still the center of cultural interchange (throughout the most productive phases of neo- classicism) in its richness of the antique ruins. -However, many new archaeological discoveries in different parts of Europe enabled architects to review the remains of classical architecture without visiting and staying extensively in Rome. -These archaeological discoveries revealed the fragments of the Greek and Roman cultures. -These fragments were now observable in an increasing number and range throughout the Mediterranean and the Near East. -These discoveries led the antiquities of the Greek and Roman cultures to be perceived widely beyond Greece and Italy. -There was an attitude of studying the antiquities with a renewed passion, because in one’s own town was an excellent remains of the classical culture. Emergence of Historicism -Interestingly, the 18th century was also the period in which an awareness of the plurality of architectural styles was first felt. -There were not only the classical architecture. -Architects now saw other styles of architecture: Egyptian, Islamic, Gothic, and even Chinese. Chinese Pavillion (after 1778) Val d’oise Cassan, France Recueil, title page survey of the history of architecture according to function (1800) J.N.L. Durand (1760-1834) Historicism -This cultural atmosphere gave rise to a unique attitude of history, which was called historicism, a degraded notion of history. -Historicism is an attitude in which one sees history with the lens of multiple styles to select -History appears as the inventory of available styles in which there was no reason to consider one style superior to another. -
Republic Virtues in Architecture Thomas Jefferson's Use of Palladio
THE NEW JERSEY ITALIAN AND ITALIAN AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION Republic Virtues in Architecture Thomas Jefferson's Use of Palladio Grade Level: 9-12 Can be adjusted to accommodate grades 6-8 Subject: Art / Architecture / United States History / World Languages Categories: Arts and Sciences / History and Society Standards: Please see page 7 of the lesson plan for complete standards alignment. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. determine why Thomas Jefferson used Palladian architecture to exemplify the republican nature of the United States. 2. synthesize researched data and produce a cogent ratiocination. 3. articulate the symmetric parallels found in late eighteenth-century architecture, art, music and the Constitution. Abstract: Page 1 of 13 Copyright 2010 – New Jersey Italian and Italian American Heritage Commission U3-LP-001 Key Terms: Inter alia Latin Among other things Meritocracy Greek A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement. Republican Latin Having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government Symmetry Greek Exact correspondence of form and constituent configuration on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane or about a center or an axis. Background: More than most of the Founders, Thomas Jefferson viewed the American Revolution, not only as a War for Independence or as an experiment in republican government, he considered it a dramatic and ongoing cultural and societal change in human history. To Jefferson, the United States stood as the Novus Ordo Seclorum-- the New World Order. Republicanism, to Jefferson, was more than just a form of government; it was a way of life. -
Peircean Interpretation of Postmodern Architecture
PEIRCEAN INTERPRETATION OF POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE A Dissertation by IWAO TAKAHASHI Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Robert Warden Committee Members, Frances E. Downing Robert W. Burch Gregory F. Pappas Head of Department, Ward V. Wells December 2013 Major Subject: Architecture Copyright 2013 Iwao Takahashi ABSTRACT The influence of philosophy on architectural theory contributes to the formulation of architectural theory in the history of architecture. This relationship created the oscillation of architectural theory between rationalism and romanticism reflecting the woven tendency of philosophy such as enlightenment and counter-enlightenment movement. This dissertation research focuses on architectural language theory which maintains a tight relationship with the philosophy of language. Postmodern architecture during the period of the 1970s through 1980s is examined to determine meanings of architecture, and the language theory of architecture. It followed the philosophy of language originated from Ferdinand de Saussure who influenced theorists, and explicitly sign theorists influenced by Charles Sanders Peirce. This theoretical underpinning of language theory is questionable because of an inappropriate application of the sign theory of Charles Sanders Peirce in terms of principal interpretation of language structure, dyadic and triadic type of language. This research re-interprets the meaning of architecture during postmodern period along with Peirce’s semeiotic theory, and American Pragmatism that Peirce originally invented. The collection of evidence from architectural history and the influence from philosophy provides a conceptual sketch that the oscillation of theoretical tendency is the source of architectural creation. -
Synagogues in Lithuania AM a C a T Al O G U E
Synagogues in Lithuania AM A C A T al OGUE Aliza Cohen-Mushlin Sergey Kravtsov Vladimir Levin Giedrė Mickūnaitė Jurgita Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė ? V i l n i us Academy of Arts Press, 2010 UDK 726(474.5)(06) Si91 Bet Tfila Research Unit Center for Jewish Art, Centre for Studies Vilnius Academy Vilnius Gediminas for Jewish Architecture Hebrew University of the Culture and History of Arts Technical University in Europe of Jerusalem of East European Jews Sponsors of the Catalogue Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania The Cahnman Foundation Directorate for the Commemoration of the Millennium of Lithuania English language editor: Doron Narkiss Vilnius Academy of Arts Press, 2010 [email protected] Center for Jewish Art, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Centre for Studies of the Culture and History of East European Jews Design and layout: Rasa Janulevičiūtė Vilnius Academy of Arts All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written ISBN 978-9955-854-60-9 permission from the publisher. Content 6 Contributors 75 Alanta 183 Kalvarija קאַלוואַריע אַלונטע 8 Acknowledgements 81 Alsėdžiai 197 Kaunas קאָוונע אָלשאַד Preface 9 15 Vladimir Levin 87 Alytus 241 Kėdainiai קיידאַן אַליטע :Synagogues in Lithuania A Historical Overview 97 Anykščiai 259 Klaipėda מעמל אַניקשט Sergey R. Kravtsov 41 Synagogue Architecture in Lithuania 107 Balbieriškis 265 Krekenava קראַקינאָווע באַלבירישאָק 334 Abbreviations 115 Biržai 273 Kupiškis קופּישאָק בירז 123 Čekiškė 281 Kurkliai קורקלע צײקישאָק 133 Daugai 287 Laukuva לויקעווע דויג 140 Eišiškės 293 Lazdijai לאַזדיי איישישאָק 149 Jonava 299 Linkuva לינקעווע יאַנעווע 159 Joniškėlis 307 Lygumai ליגעם יאָנישקעל 165 Joniškis 313 Marijampolė מאַריאַמפּאָל יאַנישאָק 177 Kaltinėnai 329 Merkinė מערעטש קאַלטינאַן Synagogue Architecture in Lithuania Sergey R. -
History of Architecture: Chapters XX-XXVIII
vii TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PRELIMINARY MATERIAL (separate file) MEDIEVAL AND EARLIER ARCHITECTURE: CHAPTERS I–XIX, WITH FIGURES 1–157 (separate file) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Figures 158–229) xi CHAPTER XX. EARLY RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY 270 CHAPTER XXI. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY—THE ADVANCED RENAISSANCE AND 288 DECLINE CHAPTER XXII. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE 308 CHAPTER XXIII. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE NETHERLANDS 326 CHAPTER XXIV. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN GERMANY, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL 338 CHAPTER XXV. THE CLASSIC REVIVALS IN EUROPE 354 x CHAPTER XXVI. RECENT ARCHITECTURE IN EUROPE 368 CHAPTER XXVII. ARCHITECTURE IN THE UNITED STATES 383 CHAPTER XXVIII. ORIENTAL ARCHITECTURE—INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN 401 APPENDIX 417 GLOSSARY 429 INDEX OF ARCHITECTS 431 INDEX 435 xi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. A few illustrations include links to larger versions. In the printed book, Figures 182, 222, 223 and 229 were cropped to L- or J-shapes. The background (plain sky) has been artificially restored for symmetry. The border around Figure 224 is in the original. THE authorship of the original drawings is indicated by the initials affixed: A. = drawings by the author; B. = H. W. Buemming; Bn. = H. D. Bultman; Ch. = Château, L’Architecture en France; G. = drawings adapted from Gwilt’s Encyclopædia of Architecture; L. = Lübke’s Geschichte der Architektur; W. = A. E. Weidinger. All other illustrations are from photographs. PAGE FRONTISPIECE. The Parthenon Restored (from model in Metropolitan Museum, New York) Figures 1–157 (separate file) 158 Capital, Palazzo Zorzi, Venice 275 159 Section of Dome, Duomo of Florence (Bn.) 276 160 Exterior of Dome, Duomo of Florence 277 161 Interior of S. -
Better by Design? Also by Paul L
Better by Design? Also by Paul L. Knox Atlas of Cities Palimpsests: Biographies of 50 City Districts Cities and Design Metroburbia: The Anatomy of Greater London London: Architecture, Building, and Social Change Strong Island: Portsmouth’s History in Brick and Stone Metroburbia USA Small Town Sustainability (with Heike Mayer) World Cities in a World-System (with Peter Taylor) Design Professionals and the Built Environment (with Peter Ozolins) The Restless Urban Landscape The Geography of Western Europe Public Service Provision and Urban Development (with Andrew Kirby and Steven Pinch) Geography and Inequality (with Bryan Coates and Ron Johnston) Social Well-Being: A Spatial Perspective World Regional Geography: Peoples, Places, and Environments (with Sallie Marston, Diana Liverman, Paul Robbins and Vincent Del Casino) Urbanization (with Linda McCarthy) Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context (with Sallie Marston) Urban Social Geography (with Steven Pinch) The Geography of the World-Economy (with John Agnew and Linda McCarthy) The United States: A Contemporary Human Geography (with Jim Bohland, Briavel Holcomb and Ron Johnston) i Better by Design? Architecture, Urban Planning, and the Good City Paul L. Knox Blacksburg, Virginia ii Text, design, and layout copyright © 2020 Paul L. Knox Photographs copyright © 2020 Paul L. Knox, except as noted on page 302 First published 2020 by Virginia Tech Publishing Virginia Tech Publishing University Libraries at Virginia Tech 560 Drillfield Drive Blacksburg, VA 24061 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Note to users: This work may contain components (e.g., photographs, illustrations, or quotations) not covered by the license.